DFO L brary / MPO B bliotheque 1 11 11 11111111 II 08005554 MAcKtREL SUPPO Ptop otrAfttve4 IN CRN Roc; i woRLIJI4-10E by ()Loin) k.0 Etas HD 1 9469 M3 W4 18147 MACKEREL SUPPLY AND DEMAND IN CANADA AND WORLDWIDE (,) e- 'EC- 19-8' 501,,-: 5 i-)11d1 0 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE SUPPLY FACTORS 1 1. Landings 1 Canada 1 World 3 2. Production 5 Canada 5 World 8 DEMAND FACTORS 9 1. Exports/Imports 9 2. Prices 12 World 12 Newfoundland 13 SUMMARY 14 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES SUPPLY FACTORS 1. Landings Canada The species of mackerel harvested in Canada is Atlantic mackerel. Table 1 gives mackerel landings and landed value for Canada as a whole, for Atlantic Canada and for Newfoundland (by region and province). Note that the Atlantic region totals are the same as the overall Canadian totals. This is because no mackerel is landed on Canada's Pacific coast. For the period 1971 to 1987, Canadian landings have ranged from a low of 13,552 tonnes in 1975 to a high of 30,245 tonnes in 1979. In 1987, landings were 22,429 tonnes, down from 28,457 tonnes in 1986 and 29,862 tonnes in 1985. Landed value was 7.7 million dollars in 1987, up from 5.7 million dollars in 1986 and 5.6 million dollars in 1985. From 1971 to 1984, landed value ranged from a low of 1.1 million dollars in 1971 to a high of 5.9 million dollars in 1979. Since 1971, the value per tonne of Atlantic Canada mackerel landings varied between $70.74 per tonne in 1971 and $345 per tonne in 1987. During the same period, Newfoundland mackerel landings have fluctuated widely from a low of 307 tonnes in 1982 to a high of 15,749 tonnes in 1985. Except for 1978, the 2 Newfoundland Region (Figure 1) has accounted for the major share of Newfoundland mackerel landings. Newfoundland Region landings range from a low of 234 tonnes in 1982 to a high of 15,293 tonnes in 1985. Newfoundland Gulf Region landings range from a low of 73 tonnes in 1982 to an excep- tional high of 7,371 tonnes in 1978, while the next highest landings are recorded in 1987 at 2,814 tonnes. Up to 1986, landed value per tonne of Newfoundland mackerel landings was 16 to 61 percent lower than overall Canadian landed value per tonne. For the period 1971 to 1986, Newfoundland mackerel landed value per tonne ranged from a low of $28.39 per tonne in 1971 to a high of $219.00 per tonne in 1983. Landed value was $366.29 per tonne in 1987, 6 percent higher than the Canadian landed value of $345 per tonne. The increase is due to a higher landed value in Newfoundland's Gulf Region, $1,009 per tonne, versus the Newfoundland Region value of $174 per tonne. In Newfoundland's Gulf Region most of the 1987 mackerel land- ings was by large offshore purse seiners. In 1987 Newfoundland harvested 54.5 percent of the total Canadian mackerel landings. From 1971 to 1986, Newfoundland mackerel landings range from a low of 1.8 percent in 1982 to 54 percent in 1978 of the Canadian total. 3 World The latest world landings recorded by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) are for 1985. Table 2 gives world mackerel landings by major species for the period 1971 to 1985. The major species of mackerel harvested worldwide are Atlantic, Chub and Indian. FAO also classifies spotted chub mackerel, short mackerel and Indian mackerels under "mackerel". Various species of Spanish and king mackerel; and horse and jack mackerel, how- ever, are respectfully classified under "Tunas, Bonitos, Billfishes" and "Jacks, Mullets, Sauries". Spanish and king mackerel species are much larger than Atlantic, Chub and Indian mackerel, while horse and jack mackerel species attain similar sizes. More importantly, these "non- mackerel" classified species are harvested in the same fishing areas and compete for similar markets as Atlantic, Chub and Indian mackerel. Figure 2 shows world fishing areas for statistical purposes. For the period 1971 to 1985 world "mackerel" landings range from a low of 2.7 million tonnes in 1983 to a high of 3.9 million tonnes in 1978. Total landings of "non- mackerel" classified species range from a low of 1.5 million tonnes in 1972 to a high of 4.1 million tonnes in 1982. In 1985 world "mackerel" landings tot ailed 2.8 million tonnes 4 while landings of "non-mackerel" classified species were 3.8 million tonnes. Table 3 gives percentage of world "mackerel" landings by main species. From 1971 to 1985 Atlantic, Chub and Indian accounted for 88.6 to 95.2 percent of the world total. Landings of Chub mackerel have dominated with 56.7 to 72.5 percent of the world total for the period. Atlantic mackerel landings fluctuate between 18.0 and 35.1 percent while Indian mackerel landings vary from 2.9 to 7.5 percent. Other mackerel landings range from 4.8 to 12.9 percent of the total world "mackerel" landings. Japan has led Chub mackerel harvests (Table 4), exceed- ing 978,000 tonnes per year between 1971 and 1980. Subse- quent landings by Japan fell to 771,901 tonnes in 1985. The USSR has also been a prominent figure with annual Chub harvests between 195,600 tonnes and 445,013 tonnes from 1971 to 1985. India has led Indian mackerel harvests with land- ings ranging from a low of 27,925 tonnes in 1982 to a high of 204,600 tonnes in 1971 for the same period (Table 5). Meanwhile, with Atlantic mackerel landings, the focus shift- ed from the East Block during most of the 1970's to the United Kingdom, Ireland and Norway in recent years. These three have landed the bulk of Atlantic mackerel since 1977, 5 and accounted for 65 percent of the total catch in 1985 (Table 6). Canadian mackerel harvests are in fishing Area 21, commonly called the Northwest Atlantic. Canada was a minor participant until 1977 with less than 7 percent of the area total each year. In 1977, Canada declared a 200 Mile Limit, and its share rose to 26.7 percent and then dramatically to 93 percent in 1979. By 1985, however, Canada's share had fallen to 50.4 percent (Table 7). Generally, most Atlantic mackerel landings have come from the Northeast Atlantic - Area 27 (Table 8). Catches from this area peaked at 719,000 tonnes in 1979 (or 94 percent of Atlantic mackerel landings). By 1985, landings had fallen to 483,000 tonnes (88 percent of the Atlantic mackerel total). 3. Production Canada Atlantic Canada mackerel production and value is given in Table 9 for the period 1976 to 1987. There are six main product categories - fresh, round or dressed; frozen, round or dressed; frozen fillets; fresh and frozen bait; pickled and cured; and canned. 6 "Fresh, round or dressed" mackerel production has fluctuated between a low of 845 tonnes in 1987 and a high of 9,662 tonnes in 1979. "Frozen, round or dressed" production fluctuated between 1,711 tonnes in 1976 and 8,780 tonnes in 1985 while 1987 production was 5,108 tonnes. Production of "frozen fillets" was lower for the period, ranging from 47 tonnes in 1982 to 911 tonnes in 1986 (or from 94 to 1,822 tonnes round weight). 1 "Fresh and frozen bait" production varied between 3,087 tonnes and 8,019 tonnes with 6,676 tonnes produced in 1987. "Pickled and cured" production fluctuated widely between 205 tonnes in 1982 and 2,865 tonnes in 1979 (or between 360 and 5,013 tonnes round weight). In 1987 production was 1,073 tonnes (1,880 tonnes round weight). "Canned" production has also fluctuated widely for the period from 413 tonnes in 1976 up to 2,089 tonnes in 1980 (743 to 3,760 tonnes round weight). 1 Statistical Co-ordinating Committee for the Atlantic Coast Standard Conversion Factors: (June 1984) Mackerel Round (Whole) Fresh or Frozen 0.1 Dressed, Head On Fresh or Frozen 1.2 Fillets & Blocks Fresh or Frozen 2.0 Dressed Smoked (Kippers) 2.0 Dressed or Split, Pickled 1.5 Head On Fillets, Skin On Pickled 2.0 Unspecified (Meat) Canned 1.6 Fillets Canned 2.0 Meal 5.0 Dressed of Split, Pickled 1.7 Head Off 7 Production in 1987 was 849 tonnes (1,528 tonnes round weight). Since 1985, "fresh and frozen round or dressed" and "fresh and frozen bait" production has accounted for approximately 67 to 86 percent of Canadian mackerel production. Newfoundland mackerel production for the period 1976 to 1987 is given in Table 10. Production categories include all Canadian products except frozen fillets. "Fresh, round or dressed" mackerel production for Newfoundland is only significant from 1978 to 1980 at 8,002 tonnes, 6,430 tonnes and 2,959 tonnes, respectively. Newfoundland "frozen, round or dressed" production constitutes the major portion of the Canadian total for the period. Newfoundland production is higher than Canadian production from 1985 to 1987 due to preliminary figures for Atlantic Canada. "Fresh and frozen bait" production has fluctuated widely for the period. Three tonnes was produced in 1982 as a result of lower land- ings. In other years production varied between 427 tonnes and 1,367 tonnes (747 to 2,392 tonnes round weight) and was 566 tonnes in 1987 (990 tonnes round weight). Data on canned production is only available from 1984 to 1987 with production ranging from a low of 88 tonnes in 1987 (158 tonnes round weight) to a high of 291 tonnes in 1986 (524 tonnes round weight).