Al-Hajjaj's grammatical strategies of IbnWalad Al-Tamimiat his book Al-Intesar of SibawayhonAl-Mubarrad as a model
PJAEE, 17 (7) (2020)
Al-Hajjaj's grammatical strategies of IbnWalad Al-Tamimiat his book Al- Intesar of SibawayhonAl-Mubarrad as a model
Bassim Khairy Khudair and Semaa Fadhel Maskoor
Department of Arabic Language, College of Education for Human Sciences, Al-Muthanna University, Iraq.
BassimKhairyKhudair and SemaaFadhelMaskoor , Al-Hajjaj's Grammatical Strategies Of Ibnwalad Al-Tamimiat His Book Al-Intesar Of Sibawayhonal- Mubarrad As A Model , Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology 17(7). ISSN 1567-214x.
Keywords: Al-Hajjaj, IbnWalad Al-Tamimi, strategies, reasoning, discursive techniques.
Abstract: Al-Hajjajbased on a set of foundations and mechanisms. Practiced by the speaker while directing his speech to the recipient. He seeks to effect a change in the thoughts of this recipient, to convince him of a certain idea; by employing these mechanisms and techniques, he intends to use different strategies according to the nature of the inferential argument.The study sought to uncover those strategies that IbnWalad used in his Hajj pilgrimages with al-Mubarrad.In order to convince the recipient of the validity of the Sibawayh school of thought, and to reveal the error of the cooler. Introduction: As the main function of language is influence, the main purpose of the pilgrims was persuasion, and the purpose of the speaker and his goal was to persuade the recipient and get him to submit, and "the rhetoric is intended to persuade and confirm what you call conditions and possibility" (In the rhetoric of the persuasive speech, Muhammad Al-Omari, p.5). In order to achieve persuasion and influence the audience, the preacher uses specific strategies, according to what is required by the situation and the context to achieve his persuasive goal. The word strategy was used in various fields of science and knowledge, and "this term has acquired a general meaning as it denotes all concerted action in order to achieve a certain goal.
16136
Al-Hajjaj's grammatical strategies of IbnWalad Al-Tamimiat his book Al-Intesar of SibawayhonAl-Mubarrad as a model
PJAEE, 17 (7) (2020)
It was said: electoral strategy, commercial strategy, political strategy.The concept is used pivotally in various fields of thought such as game theory, cognitive psychology, social psychology and discourse analysis "(Al-Hajjaj in contemporary political discourse, d. ZakariaSarti, p. 251). Game theory defines the concept of strategy as: "A set of rules that define a player's behavior in any possible playing situation" (In al-Balaghah al-Hajjaj towards an argumentative approach to the analysis of discourses, Muhammad Mishbal, p. 71), and in the military and political sphere, they mean: "Planning and defining the means that must be adopted at the top and the base to achieve remote goals. It was the art and science of making war plans and managing war operations "(Discourse strategies of Imam Ali, a deliberative approach, Dr. BassimKhairyKhudair, p. 25). They were “specific ways to deal with a problem, or to carry out a task, or a group of tasks or a set of processes aimed at achieving certain goals, or measures designed to control specific information and control it” (Speech Strategies of the Month, p. 53), and the strategy of all kinds is not without being a group of methods taken to achieve specific goals, and "the strategy is linked to the speech because it is a process by which the sender selects the appropriate phrases and words, as well as choosing the appropriate context, before uttering his speech, he plans how to produce it, as well as how to convey its meaning to the addressee.The sender is keen on using the language accurately and in harmony with the context. ”(Discourse strategies, d. BassimKhairyKhudair, p. 26). Al-Khatib takes the appropriate strategy in his speech to achieve his persuasive purpose, so "every discursive strategy is always an argumentative strategy. Its argumentation is manifested in that it is necessarily intentional and purposeful; Because it tends to convey the intellectual, emotional, and behavioral features hidden in the same speaker to the audience "(Al-Hajjaj in Contemporary Political Discourse, p. 254). The pilgrim strategy is a strategy behind which the sender aims to make a change in the intellectual or emotional position of the addressee, this strategy is through which the sender seeks to persuade the addressee by various means of the validity of his position or the sway of his idea, or the preference of his commodity according to the context and the subject of the ongoing dialogue between the sender and the addressee (Speech strategies in the Sunnah of the Prophet, IdrisMaqbool, Journal of the College of Islamic Sciences, Volume VIII, Issue (2/14) pp. 555-556, 2014). IbnWalad Al-Tamimi practiced various strategies in refuting the refrigerator's objections to Sibawayh, all these strategies are governed by the principle of presentation and refutation, he presents the argument of the file and then refutes it, using all the linguistic possibilities, and mental and transport evidence, as well as his grammatical capabilities, as one of the professors in the science of grammar. 1. Initiation and comment: It is one of the strategies adopted by IbnWalad, and its meaning: "He gave the opponent the reins of the beginning to reveal his speech and the essence of his argument in front of the
16137
Al-Hajjaj's grammatical strategies of IbnWalad Al-Tamimiat his book Al-Intesar of SibawayhonAl-Mubarrad as a model
PJAEE, 17 (7) (2020) opposing other,", who seeks then in designing pilgrims contradicts him ”(Deliberative analysis and argumentative woodcutter, d. Muhammad Adeel Abdul Aziz Ali, p. 195). IbnWalad adopted this strategy in all his issues, in which he responded to the file, as he was giving the initiative to cold speech, and who used to present Sibawayh’s words and then refute it. IbnWalad used to present the issue in a sequential manner, represented by putting forward the words of Sibawayh as mentioned by Al-Mubrrad in his book Matters of Mistake. Then he displays the revocation of the cooler for Sibawayh, after that, he commented on the matter by refuting the words of the radiator, and he revealed the flaws in his argument, to refute it, suggesting Sebwayh’s opinion on most issues.He presents the issue by saying Sibawayh on the tongue of Al-Mroudred (including his words in the chapter on his translation ...), then he displays the words of the coolant (Muhammad bin Yazid said ...), then he says: (Ahmed bin Muhammad said ...). 2. Siege and Restriction Strategy: The arguments are deliberate in this strategy, to reveal the flaws in the opponent's arguments in preparation for revealing them, then he "weaves a set of intellectual dilemmas for him with the intent to restrict him and withdraw his direction, during all this, he is keen to build a counter- thesis, he may deliberately turn the opponent’s results into introductions to it ”(Ibid, p. 196). IbnWalad used this strategy in many of his responses to the cooler, among the issues that IbnWalad besieged Al-Mroudar and narrowed down on all aspects of the issue, explaining their details. It is the cooler's objection to Sibawayh’s saying: “It is not permissible for anyone to place it in a position of duty, because there was a general denial in their words” (Al-Intisar, p. 53). Al-Mubarrad objected to Sibway’s words by saying: “It is not as he said, but no one has fallen into the position of all. On this, Al-Akhtal said (Al-BaytThi Al-Ramah in his office, Introduction and Explanation: Ahmad HasanBasaj, p. 94, and also attributed in the commentary of the verses of Sibawayh to Al-Siraafi, p. 179, and in the explanation of Al-Mufassal by IbnYaish, vol.1, p. 197, while Al-Serafi's attributed to Al-Akhtal in his commentary on Sibawayh Book Part 1, p. 318): Even dazzled, what was hidden from anyone ... except for someone who does not know the moon IbnWalad replied to him, by creating an intellectual dilemma for the pardon that corrupts his reasoning by saying: “Muhammad’s saying: If someone falls in the affirmative, if he is one in the meaning of all, he must say: A hundred people came to me, and I met twenty, so this is one in the meaning of all, and no one permits it. (That) was indicated by the corruption of his saying: “(Al- Intisar, p. 53). IbnWalad besieged the radiator by forcing him to say, that if he permitted to put someone in the offer. He permitted him to say: A hundred people came to me, and IbnWalad is tightening the cooler because this saying is not permitted by anyone, and if this is not permitted by anyone, then it indicates the corruption of his words, consequently, IbnWalad refuted the words of Al- Mubarrad by invalidating his reasoning.Because this inference leads to a statement that is not
16138
Al-Hajjaj's grammatical strategies of IbnWalad Al-Tamimiat his book Al-Intesar of SibawayhonAl-Mubarrad as a model
PJAEE, 17 (7) (2020) permissible among grammarians.IbnWalad continues his tightening on the cooler by saying: “As for what he was quoted in the passport, which is the first one I met Zaid, it was not permissible to say this except to make someone in one meaning, as God said: (Say, He is God is one) and no one here is the one who falls into exile, and if their derivation is the same, Because the Arabs put them in a different meaning, and the same applies to the saying of al- Akhtal, meaning only for one who does not know the moon ”(Ibid, pp. 53-54). So he surrounded him by saying again that his saying this entails putting someone in the position of one, and he was restricted by his representation of that with a witness from the Holy Qur’an, and this is not a denial, and the Arabs differentiated between one and one in the sense, as for his martyrdom of the poetic verse, most grammarians have argued that its meaning is only for one who does not know the moon (Consider this issue: The Commentary on Sebway’s Book, Part 1, p. 90, Preamble to the Rules, by Explaining Tasheel al-Utilaah, Part 5, p. 2434, Appendix and Supplementation, Part No. 9, p. 329, and Explanation to Sibawayh’s Book, Siraafi Part 1, p. 318). Then IbnWalad continued his blockade of the cooler, blocking the road, with another interpretation, he says: “This is a good aspect, and another aspect may be permitted in it.It was to place the word affirmative on the word negation, because it is an answer to that denied, and this corresponds to the word, and if it begins with an affirmative to a non-negative that it provides, it is not permissible. Do you not see that if he said: I feared for someone who does not know the moon, it would not be permissible (Al-Intisar, p. 54). IbnWalad mentioned that the first aspect is the best in its interpretation, and it can be interpreted from another side.That was, by removing the object of negation (what) from the house, so the meaning becomes lost in the house when it is deleted, and it becomes: it has been hidden for anyone who does not know the moon, and this is not permissible.Thus, he would have rejected his argument from another chapter, and narrowed it down to no room for a response.It was noticeable that IbnWalad divided the text of the file into parts, and he explored the places of defect in his pilgrimages and besieged him from those places. He stressed that these issues lead to money that the Arabs would not allow and thus corrupt his reasoning in the issue. 3. The hypothetical questions solicitation strategy: It was a strategy that IbnWalad followed in his inference of the file, and that by asking him for the purpose of the report. It was not a question intended to answer, the purpose of that is to destroy him and then refute his argument.He asks a question for the refrigerant and assumes an answer, and then refutes that answer, from this, the cooler objected to Sibawayh's saying that what happens as an answer when under the circumstances is an answer for you, and it will be in how much it is not in when, because when is the first.The cooler objected that the illness is not because how much is the first, but rather that the illness entered into how many circumstances of time that he asked about (when) before. Adverbs are but names of days and nights, and (how) it is only for the number, so it entered on several days and nights as it intervened on other than that which is considered (See the Al-Intesar, p. 87). IbnWalad replied to him by saying: “It is said to him: You mentioned how much you enter on all the days and nights because it is a number, and this is not ignorant. So did you mention when did
16139
Al-Hajjaj's grammatical strategies of IbnWalad Al-Tamimiat his book Al-Intesar of SibawayhonAl-Mubarrad as a model
PJAEE, 17 (7) (2020) you refrain from entering all of them, because all of them are times and times for the time as all were a number and a number of number” (The previous page itself) . IbnWalad assumes the existence of an imaginary questioner asking the coolant by constructing the act for the unknown, and asks him to answer, so he asks him about the reason for Matta's refusal to enter all circumstances, then, IbnWalad assumes an answer to the coolant, which he begins with the deterministic condition tool (if), by setting up the condition tool, he wants to exclude this answer to the fictitious questioner by saying: “If he says (because) when is it for private time. He can inquire about knowledge or what is close to knowledge, and how much he can ask about knowledge and denial (The previous page itself). IbnWalad responds by constructing the verb to the unknown, and his answer is the answer to the condition: “He was told: How much has become by this more general than when, and the general before the special” (Previous p. 87-88). IbnWalad, with his hypothetical question, lures the recipient into a conclusion, what Al-Mabroud went to with his hypothetical answer is what Sibawayh mentioned elsewhere in his book.IbnWalad built an argumentative strategy to lure his opponent with it through hypothetical questions in the presence of an imaginary questioner asking the coolant.Then IbnWalad proposes a hypothetical answer to that questioner, the purpose of which is to acknowledge that what the cooler went to is an opinion that Sibaih said elsewhere in his book. 4. The strategy of condemnation through the argument of the opponent: It was that the inferred uses the same evidence that the objector used in his favor, and the people of the fundamentals call it (the heart), which means: “The opponent’s sharing of the inferred in his evidence, and this means that the inferred is inferred to prove a judgment by analogy with which he claims specialization. Then the questioner turns him and applies against him against that judgment with that illness. ”(Ibid, p. 88). It was a kind of counter-strategy that the speaker uses to persuade the recipient, and that is that the speaker responds the arguments with the same argument that the inferred submits in his favor. (Roland Barthes) calls this type of inference the phrase (from your words I condemn you), which is a methodical legacy that Plato took on the authority of Socrates. The latter, who used to use the obstetric method just as his mother was a midwife, gave birth to women during labor, and he often used the arguments of the same person to respond to it "(Al-Hudud fi Al-Usool by Al- Baji, p. 125). Among the places in which IbnWalad used this strategy. He condemned the cooler with the same argument he made, when the cooler objected to Sibawayh’s statement by making it (Farsakha) focus on discrimination in our saying: Dari is behind Dark Farsakha, and the cooler made him a state, and he inferred to that that when he said: My home behind your door, you did not turn anyway, it is from it from far away, and when he said: firmly, he knew that it diverged in this case, because the case may be a noun that is not an adjective towards your saying: You passed your people ten (A New Reading of Old Rhetoric, Roland Barthes, translated: Omar Okan, p. 130).
16140
Al-Hajjaj's grammatical strategies of IbnWalad Al-Tamimiat his book Al-Intesar of SibawayhonAl-Mubarrad as a model
PJAEE, 17 (7) (2020)
IbnWalad replied to him by saying: As for his saying: The case may be a noun that is not an adjective towards your saying:And you passed by your people ten, this makes us easy to say and difficult to say, and that is that the ten is his people and the ring is iron, so he must be the farsakh is the house, and the interpretation is what Sibawayh went to. Rather, the estimate was a circle behind a league or after a league from your home.When he added the successor to the abode and moved the addendum to it between the successor and the farsakh, the farsh strengthened to distinguish as the nun between the twenty and the dirham, and as the distraction and Mim prevented them in saying: The best of them is a man between the adjective and a man, and as the subject is between the verb and the object and the accusative, and this is all steady "(See the Al- Intesar, p. 113). IbnWalad overturned the argument that the cooler used on him and condemned him with it, so his saying (I passed your people ten), (then ten) are the people, and according to the words of the cooler, the house is (Farskha). And this was not wanted by the speaker, because when he said behind the dark, he wanted to distinguish his house as being far from the dark, and this is the correct interpretation that Sibawayh went to. We notice that IbnWalad used the same argument for al-Mubarrad to direct the pilgrims in his favor in his Al-Intesar over Sibawayh.And also from that, his response to the cooler in his opposition to Sibaih, saying: “As for Muhammad’s saying: This is the money on two calls, he confirmed the argument for his Sibawayh and corrupted the opposition to it, because if there are two calls, then it has become to two words, and none of them is based on the other ... and the opposition is based on two contradictory calls that have no face for what we mentioned. Here, too, IbnWalad uses the same argument for the file in his reasoning and corrupting his opposition to Sibawayh. He overturned the argument that the cooler used in denouncing Sibawayh's words against him, and proved the argument for Sibawayh. 5. Marking contradiction and conflict: It was an argumentative strategy used by the arguing when he sees that there is a contradiction in the objector’s statement. The objector falls into this contradiction when he “holds to any evidence that he deems fit to protest without incompatibility between this evidence and his previous opinions” (Previous p. 114). The pilgrim uses this contradiction as an argumentative strategy to nullify the opponent's argument, and to convince the recipient of his argument.Among the places in which the cooler contradicted his arguments is his objection to Sibawayh’s saying: “And if you despise Muqaaassa, I say: Moqas, delete the Noon and one of the two sines” (Al-Intisar, p. 145). The cooler objected, saying: “This is a mistake, this was because the appendix is like the original, and for all grammarians, and he knows that the appendix of Sin Muqmasis was attached to Mehringem, and therefore the one who came before it was not darkened in it. He was required to reduce a muhrijm with a size, so deleting the meme if after that there was nothing but an original, so he is obligated, in the case of the original, to say: Caesus, which is the necessary measurement. IbnWalad replied to him, revealing the contradiction in the statement of the cooler. What he went to in this matter contradicts what he went to in another matter.
16141
Al-Hajjaj's grammatical strategies of IbnWalad Al-Tamimiat his book Al-Intesar of SibawayhonAl-Mubarrad as a model
PJAEE, 17 (7) (2020)
He said in (Athoul): The elimination of the attached waw is more important than the elimination of the duplicated lam, because removing the extra lam is first. He said in (Submitted): It is better to delete the signifier that is repeated from the original than to delete the meme, because the Arabs said Maqam, then it established the meme and deleted the signifier, and saw that keeping the meme is better than keeping what was repeated from the original, because refined from the original is like filling, and the meme was added in the first to a meaning, so keeping what was added to a meaning was more important than keeping what was filled in the word, and he said in (Maq'nas): The meme is more important to delete than the Seine because the Seine has an appendix. In (Athoul) he makes deleting the appendix first, and in (Mogadam) he makes deleting the extra appendix first than deleting the duplicate, and in (Maqnas), he does not delete the seine because it is attached. After IbnWalad clarified the contradictions in the speech of Al-Mubarrad, he replied to him in the manner of an obnoxious interrogation, saying: “If he was claiming to delete the appendix and keep the duplicate, then the duplicate became the first and the meme became more important than the refined one for him, and so was it among the Arabs, so how is it permissible to remove the meme from the masks and keep the seine. It deletes the duplicate of the meme and deletes the attachment of the duplicate This wais a contradictory statement that is far from correct, which is the words of the Arabs, which does not differ that the meme is more important than the appendix because it has a meaning ... "(Grammarians' objection to mental evidence, Dr. Muhammad Al- Subaheen, p. 345). So he began his pilgrimage with the word (claim), and it is not hidden the argumentative power of this word that IbnWalad used to direct his pilgrimages with the intention of alerting the recipient to the contradiction in the speech of the cooler.He revealed to the recipient how he first went to delete the appendix and keep the duplicate, and in (Maq'nas) he kept the appendix, and this is a contradiction that IbnWalad revealed in two cases in which the file objected to Sibawayh. 6. Predictive strategy: Conviction: like bashing and taunting (Al-Intisar, p. 215), and the conviction "(prevailing by argument), it is said: I mourned, and I mourned him, until I silenced him. And he obliged him to be silent, because he was unable to answer him." (Previous p. 215-216). Conviction occurs when the argument is strong and obligates the opponent and is unable to answer, and it was interrogative and without interrogation,IbnWalad used this strategy in many of his responses to the cooler.As he responded to him in a manner of weeping that was not without rebuke and rebuke, and he used to start his arguments by coldening the refrigerator and discarding his argument with the method of rebuking and reprimanding, including his saying: “This is an apparent statement of corruption among the imbalance, and that is that he narrated that Sibawayhwas ... IbnWalad is not satisfied with rejecting the argument, but rather provides evidence of its corruption, and saying: “Muhammad’s saying: If someone falls in the offer if he is one in the
16142
Al-Hajjaj's grammatical strategies of IbnWalad Al-Tamimiat his book Al-Intesar of SibawayhonAl-Mubarrad as a model
PJAEE, 17 (7) (2020) meaning of all, he must say: One hundred people came to me, and I met twenty, so this is one in the meaning of all, and no one permits it. (That) indicated the corruption of his saying "(See Al- Intisar, pp. 215, 216, 219). As well as his argument for the cooler: "... and the descriptions of the factors required what was exile and denied what was positive, and this is corruption of the industrial buildings and assets ..." (Previous p. 216). And from his use of the strategy of conviction in the manner of interrogation, he said in his response to the cooler when he made mistakes to Sibawayh:Fill my hair in anything wrong? Is it not his failure to deny Yunus in the novel, or in his neglecting the argument of the Arabs, if Yunus is true in his narration, and I do not think that he wanted him to be wrong except in accepting Yunus’s saying ... ”(LisanAal-Arab, vol. 2, p. 11). We see him responding to the cooler, beating him for his mistake about Sibawayh, denouncing him for this saying, binding him to the argument. He asked what the cooler brought with the excuse and the evidence disproved his words after explaining the points of defects and errors in it. In this way, he directed the recipient’s thought to accept his arguments in this Tibetan method, to convince him of the validity of what Sibawayh went to. 7. Preparation strategy: It is one of the guiding strategies, and the meaning of provocation: “Seeking a thing is a search. Among its tools are“ Lula, ”“ If it, ”and“ Hala, ”by tightening the blame. If after one of these tools there is a past verb. If its meaning goes out to blame and reprimand for what the respondent left, or to appreciate the neglect, towards your saying to those who failed in the exam: Would you prepare for the exam? (Crown of the Bride, part 4, p. 447, article (Blat)). In al-Hajjaj’s discourse, the speaker uses this strategy with the intention of refuting the argument of the opponent by blaming and reprimanding him for his false or unconvincing argument presented. In return, his argument is more likely to make the recipient submit to his argument.Among the uses of IbnWalad for this strategy, when the cooler objected to Sibawayh's failure to show the verb with (that) the open one, he said: “I do not see the occurrence of the act after the open one, refraining, ..., if something refused to enter (what), he would have no preposition ... "(Al-Intisar, p. 124). IbnWalad replied to him by saying: “As for his saying: that if something refused to enter“ what ”then that would have been with regard to the preposition, and if (what) he has does not prevent him from entering the verb here, then can I include it with (what) in analogues of this issue, Enter it with their saying: Do this either not ... ”(Al-Intisar, p. 53).IbnWalad singled out the cooler who blamed him for his mistake on Sibawayh, urging him to include (what) in the analogues of this issue to make it clear to him his mistake. 8. Dialectical Delivery Strategy: The meaning of it is that he acknowledges some of his opponents' cases in order to prove the nullity or corruption that ensues from them "(Ibid, p. 129).
16143
Al-Hajjaj's grammatical strategies of IbnWalad Al-Tamimiat his book Al-Intesar of SibawayhonAl-Mubarrad as a model
PJAEE, 17 (7) (2020)
The argument goes to concede the assumption that the opponent’s claim is valid, then he states the error that occurs as a result of the submission of the opponent’s statement. IbnWalad used this strategy in many of his responses to the file. When presenting the cooler’s opinion on the issue, he adds that by saying: If we say ..., then clarifies the confusion in that saying, including: Al-Mabrad objected to Sibawayh’s saying: Al-Khalil said: One of the best of them was Zaid, over the cancellation of it, and likened it to Al-Farazdaq’s saying: So how about if you see a national home ... and our neighbors were honorable, Al-Mubarrad opposed him by saying: “There is no excuse for him in this house, because it is permissible for (us) to have news that was, [as if] he said: And our neighbors were honorable to us” (Ibid, p. 122). As he made the file (for us) news for Kan, and he did not make it extra here, and by that he disagreed with all grammarians and remained in his opinion in the brief (Science of Meanings, Abdul Aziz Ateeq, p. 108(Al-Intisar, p. 99)). IbnWalad clarifies that if he accepted what the cooler said, he said: “I passed by a man who wanted us, he was, it is not permissible for you to make a report about it in us while he is hanging willing. Likewise, I passed by a man descending upon us who was [if you made us, and we were, and we had news about it] then it is only that meaning, and the desire was not in us, nor descending on us, nor our neighbor. It is as if you said: I passed by a willing man and do not mention who he wanted, then I said: He was with us as you say: He was with us.As well as a nazil and something similar that requires a letter of the letters, as if he said in the house: and neighbors, and he did not explain to whom they are neighbors, then he said: They were ours, that is: they owned them, and this meaning is different from what the poet went to, and he is an exaggerated. IbnWalad clarified that if he made the speech according to what the cooler went to, this would lead to a change in the meaning, which is not what the poet intended. 9. Anonymity strategy: It was a type of strategy that the protestor uses when he sees that the opponent has mistakenly interpreted the issue, or that he had made a mistake in transmitting it, and sometimes this was intentionally or unintentionally, or by corrupting the inference by its deviation from the place of disagreement, or by doubting its attribution to the one who said it, or by the fact that the transposed itself accepts a different interpretation, with one aim being to exclude the inferred vision from the proposition "(The previous page itself). It is a strategy that IbnWalad used in many of his responses, but he did not attribute ignorance to the literal meaning of the file, but rather made it a matter of forgetting or forgetting. (Labbaik) in the chapter (This is a section of disbelief that the course of which is a thousand and a lam from sources and names runs the course) and this section is in the beginning, and making the file mentioned in this section wrong because it is one of the positions (SibawayhMu'tazilia, Excavations in Arabic Grammar Myphysics, IdrisMakbul, p. 98).
16144
Al-Hajjaj's grammatical strategies of IbnWalad Al-Tamimiat his book Al-Intesar of SibawayhonAl-Mubarrad as a model
PJAEE, 17 (7) (2020)
Sibawayh mentioned it in another chapter, which is (Chapter What comes from the sources is double upright) (Explanation of Divan Al Farazdaq, Elia Al Hawi, p. 529, Book Part 2, P.153, Al Intisar, P.139). IbnWalad replied to him, saying: “(These words took place from Muhammad bin Yazid as the course of forgetfulness). His place in this industry is more than that, because Sibawih mentioned in this chapter the sources that are raised to initiation, and it is a negation that leads to the course of what is a thousand and a lam, so he mentioned their saying ... IbnWalad clarified that he will tell him by mentioning him (Labbaik) in this chapter, while they are citing this word.Likewise, IbnWalad's response to al-Mabarad and al-Mazani (that the transcribed text accepts a different interpretation and not what they went to). He said: “Roll it over to the other house [from] the interpretation of Muhammad bin Yazid and al-Mazni, and it is not from the words of Sibawayh.Rather, he made a mistake in interpreting it, and they responded to their interpretation in reality, and what Siboye went to is not what we thought, and the evidence for that ... "(Al-Intisar, p. 139). 10. The incapacitation strategy: It is a strategy practiced by the pilgrim in order to coerce the opponent by being unable to answer. This is as if the argument is demanded by an argument that he is unable to produce. An example of this: the cooler objected to Sebueh's lack of permission for lifting in (watering for you, grazing for you) and no separation in the measurement between them and (Praise be to God, and the wonder of Zaid) and he invoked Abu Omar Al-Jarmi's permission to raise them (See this issue in: Al-Muqtasab, Part 4, p. 116-117, Al-Usul in grammar, p. 150, Al-Labb fi al-Bu’il fi al- Bu’ilwa al-Arbat al-Akbari, Part 1, P.172, Explanation of al-Kafiya al-Shafiyyah, by Ibn Malik, vol.1, p.). IbnWalad responded to the protest of al-Mubarrad by saying of Abu Omar al-Jarmi by saying: “As for his saying: Abi Omar al-Jurmi permitted that, then Abu Omar’s permission without an excuse from the words of the Arabs is like the permission of Muhammad bin Yazid, and there is no difference between permitting this and this unless they come with an excuse.”. IbnWalad’s incapacity for the argument of al-Mabrad consisted in his demanding that he come with an argument from the words of the Arabs in support of his words and the words of Abu Omar al-Jurmi, and this is impossible to achieve. Consequently, this strategy served its purpose in refuting Al-Mabrad's argument and rejecting it, and achieving Al-Intesar for Sibawayh in this matter. Conclusion and results: In our treatment of the strategies that IbnWalad used in his grammatical argument, the research reached several conclusions, including: 1. The research demonstrated the adoption of IbnWalad to the different pilgrimage strategies In order to prove his argument in his defense of Sebawayh, and thus convince the recipient of the validity of his doctrine.
16145
Al-Hajjaj's grammatical strategies of IbnWalad Al-Tamimiat his book Al-Intesar of SibawayhonAl-Mubarrad as a model
PJAEE, 17 (7) (2020)
2.IbnWalad's employment of Al-Hajjaj strategies indicates the depth of thinking that gives the discourse a persuasive force, which achieves the main purpose of the pilgrims, which is to influence the recipient, and thus persuade him. 3. The strategies used by IbnWalad were based on the evidentiary side that relies on the argument and evidence in refuting the opinion of al-Mardarad and proving the argument to Sibawayh. 4. Revealing the deliberative thought that was present and strongly through the practice of IbnWalad Al-Hajjajia in directing the pilgrims in his favor, within the book of Al-Intesar. References 1. Discourse strategies of Imam Ali, a deliberative approach, d. BasemKhairyKhudair, Nahj Al Balagha Foundation at the Hussaini Holy Shrine, 1st Edition, 2017. 2. Discourse Strategies, a deliberative linguistic approach, Abd al-Hadi bin Dhafer al-Shehri, Dar al-Kitab, Beirut, 1st Edition, 2004. 3. Fundamentals in grammar, Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Al-Sirri bin Sahl Al-Nahawi, known as Ibn Al-Sarraj (deceased: 316 AH). Al-Muhaqeq: Abdel-Hussein Al-Fattli, Al-Resala Foundation, Lebanon - Beirut. 4. Grammarians objection to mental evidence, Dr. Muhammad Al-Subaheen, Imam Muhammad bin Saud University, Riyadh, 1st Edition, 2005. 5.Al-Intesar of Sibawayh over the radiator, Abu al-Abbas Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Walad al- Tamimi (d. 332 AH), edited by: Zuhair Abdul Mohsen Sultan, Foundation for the Resalah, Edition 1, 1996. 6.Taj Al-Arous, one of the jewels of the dictionary, Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Abdul Razzaq al-Husayni, Abu al-Faid, nicknamed Murtada, Al-Zubaidi (died: 1205 AH), a group of investigators, Dar Al-Hidaya. 7. The deliberative and argumentative loggerhead analysis, readings in the foundations of pilgrims and building inference, d. Muhammad Adeel Abdul Aziz Ali, The World of Modern Books, 1st Edition, 2016. 8. Appendix and supplement to explaining the book of facilitation, by Bu Hayyan Al-Andalusi, investigator: Dr. Hassan Hindawi, Dar Al-Qalam - Damascus House of Treasures of Seville, 1st floor. 9- Commentary on the book of Sibawayh, by Al-Hassan bin Ahmed bin Abdul Ghaffar of Persian origin, Abu Ali (deceased: 377 AH), the investigator: Dr. Awad bin Hamad Al Quoz, 10. Pilgrims in contemporary political discourse, d. ZakariaSarti, The World of Modern Books, Irbid - Jordan, 1st Edition, 2013.
16146
Al-Hajjaj's grammatical strategies of IbnWalad Al-Tamimiat his book Al-Intesar of SibawayhonAl-Mubarrad as a model
PJAEE, 17 (7) (2020)
11. Al-Hajjaj in Political Discourse, Abdel-Ali Kada, House of Treasures of Knowledge, 1st Edition, 2015 12. Al-Hudud in Al-Usul, Bu Al-Walid Suleiman bin Khalaf bin Saad bin Ayoub bin Warith Al- Tajibi Al-Qurtubi Al-Baji Al-Andalusi (deceased: 474 AH), investigator: Muhammad Hassan Muhammad Hassan Ismail, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyya, Beirut - Lebanon, 1st Edition, 2003. 13. The Divan of Dhul-Ramah, presented to him by: Ahmed Hassan Basj, Dar Al-Kutub Al- Ilmiyya, Beirut-Lebanon, 1st Edition, 1995. 14.SibawayhMu'tazilia, Excavations in the Miaphysics of Arabic Grammar, IdrisMaqbool, Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, Beirut - Lebanon, 1st Edition, 2015. 15.Sharh al-Kafiyyah al-Shafiyya by Ibn Malik, Muhammad bin Abdullah, Ibn Malik al-Tai al- Jiani, Abu Abdullah, Jamal al-Din (deceased: 672 AH), the investigator: Abd al-Moneim Ahmad Haridi, Umm al-Qura University, Center for Scientific Research and the Revival of Islamic Heritage, College of Sharia and Islamic Studies Makkah, 1st floor. 21 16. The detailed explanation of Al-Zamakhshari, IbnYaish, presented to him by Emile BadiYaqoub, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyya, Beirut - Lebanon, 1st Edition, 2001. 17. Explanation of the Divan Al Farazdaq, Elia Al Hawi, Lebanese Book House, School Library, 1st Edition, 1983. 18. Explanation of the book of Sewah, Abu Saeed Al-Serafi (d.368 AH), under: Hamad Hassan Mahdali, Ali Syed Ali 19. House of Scientific Books, Beirut - Lebanon, Edition 1,2008. 20. In the rhetoric of persuasive discourse, a theoretical and practical introduction to the study of Arabic rhetoric, Muhammad Al-Omari, Soor Al-Asbakia Forum, East Africa, 1st Edition, 2002 21. In the rhetoric of Al-Hajjaj towards an argumentative approach to the analysis of discourses, Muhammad Mishbal, Treasures of Knowledge, 1st Edition, 2017 22. A New Reading of Old Rhetoric, Roland Barthes, translated: Omar Okan, East Africa, 1994 23. The book, a book, the author: Amr bin Othman bin Qanbar al-Harithi with loyalty, Abu Bishr, nicknamed Sebwayh (deceased: 180 AH), the investigator: Abd al-Salam Muhammad Harun, i 1, 1988. 24. The pulp in the ills of construction and parsing, the father of stay, Abdullah bin Al-Hussein bin Abdullah al-Akbari al-Baghdadi, Moheb al-Din (deceased: 616 AH), investigator: Dr. Abdul Ilah Al-Nabhan, Dar Al-Fikr - Damascus, 1st Edition, 1995. 25. The Meanings of Grammar, Fadel Al-Samarrai, Dar Al-Fikr for Printing, Publishing and Distribution - Jordan, 1st Edition, 2000.
16147
Al-Hajjaj's grammatical strategies of IbnWalad Al-Tamimiat his book Al-Intesar of SibawayhonAl-Mubarrad as a model
PJAEE, 17 (7) (2020)
26. Al-Muqtaseb, Muhammad bin Yazid bin Abd al-Akbar al-Thamali al-Azdi, Abu al-Abbas, known as al-Mardard (deceased: 285 AH). Investigator: Muhammad Abd al- KhaliqAzimah. The world of books. Beirut. Magazines: • Conversational Strategies in the Prophetic Sunnah, IdrisMaqbool, Journal of the College of Islamic Sciences, Volume Eight, Issue (2/14) pp. 555-556, 2014
16148