DSC Transitions of Common Thermoplastics

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application note DSC Transitions of Common Thermoplastics The following is a table that lists the associated with the ‘standard’ structure significantly affected by orientation, DSC transitions associated with some of or morphology of the thermoplastic. It moisture, molecular weight, annealing or the more commonly utilized should be noted that the melting thermal history, as well as other factors. thermoplastics. The values here are temperatures as well as the glass transition temperatures (Tg) can be Plastic Most Common State Tg (°° C) Tm (°° C) PET Semi-Crystalline 75 252 PBT Semi-Crystalline 52 225 Nylon 6 Semi-Crystalline 56 (dry) 221 Nylon 6,6 Semi-Crystalline 75 (dry) 254 Nylon 11 Semi-Crystalline 190 to 200 Nylon 12 Semi-Crystalline 180 to 210 Polyetherether-ketone Semi-Crystalline 133 340 (PEEK) Polyethylene (HDPE) Highly crystalline ? 130 Polyethylene Semi-Crystalline -40 (?) 105-120 (LDPE) PPS Semi-Crystalline 85 285 Polypropylene Semi-Crystalline -5 175 Polystyrene Amorphous 104 --- Polycarbonate Amorphous 150 (235) Polyphenylene oxide Amorphous 210 --- (PPO) PMMA Amorphous 110 --- PVC Amorphous 80 (unplasticized) --- · ABS Copolymer -80 (rubber) & --- 104 (SAN) EVA Copolymer -26 (vinyl acetate) 50-100 (ethylene) Polyphenylene sulfide Semi-Crystalline 80 280 (PPS) Polysulfone Amorphous 190 --- · Polybutadiene Amorphous -86 (-20) Polyacrylonitrile Amorphous 100 (320) (PAN) Polyvinyl alcohol Amorphous 85 (230 to 248) (PVA) Polyvinyl acetate Amorphous 30 --- (PVAC) Polyetherimide (PEI) Amorphous 215 --- Polyimide Amorphous around 370 Polyetherimide (PEI) Amorphous 215 Perfluoroalkoxy Semi-Crystalline 308 (PFA) PTFE Semi-Crystalline 130 345 The values presented in this table molecular weight distribution, polymers may shift significantly from represent the best-known values for plasticizing agents, molecular the values listed here. these polymers in their most orientation, presence of moisture, standard form. However, due to incorporation of copolymers, the factors such as thermal history, measured Tg and Tm of some Visit our website at www.perkinelmer.com. PerkinElmer Instruments 761 Main Avenue Norwalk, CT 06859-0010 USA Tel: 80O-762-4000 or PETech-44 (1+) 203-762-4000 ã2000 PerkinElmer, Inc. Printed in U.S.A. Thermal Analysis Fax: (1+) 203-762-4228.

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Results of Long-Term Carcinogenicity Bioassay on Vinyl Acetate Monomer in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Results of Long-Term Carcinogenicity Bioassay on Vinyl Acetate Monomer in Sprague-Dawley Rats FRANCO MINARDI, FIORELLA BELPOGGI, MORANDO SOFFRITTI, ADRIANO CILIBERTI, MICHELINA LAURIOLA, ELISA CATTIN, AND CESARE MALTONI† Cancer Research Center, European Ramazzini Foundation for Oncology and Environmental Sciences, Bologna, Italy ABSTRACT: Vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) was administered in drinking water supplied ad libitum at doses of 5,000, 1,000, and 0 ppm (v/v) to 17-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats (breeders) and to 12-day embryos (offspring). Treatment lasted for 104 weeks; thereafter, animals were kept under control conditions until spontaneous death. VAM was found to cause an increase in total malig- nant tumors and in carcinomas and/or precursor lesions of the oral cavity, lips, tongue, esophagus, and forestomach. Based on these data, VAM must be con- sidered a multipotent carcinogen. KEYWORDS: vinyl acetate monomer; carcinogenicity; long-term bioassay; rat INTRODUCTION Vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) is an important compound in the plastics industry. VAM (C 4H6O2) has a molecular weight of 86.09. Industrial production of VAM started in the United States in 1928.1 VAM is produced mainly by two processes: (1) In a process used since the 1920s, acetylene and acetic acid are reacted in the vapor phase over a catalyst bed,2 (2) In another process, largely used since the 1970s, eth- ylene is reacted with acetic acid in the presence of oxygen.3 The world production of VAM is over 2.5 million tons per year.4 The only commercial use of VAM is in the production of polymers (polyvinyl ac- etate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetals) and copolymers (ethylene-vinyl acetate and polyvinyl-acetate chloride).3 Polyvinyl acetate is mainly used in adhesives for paper, wood, glass, metals, and porcelain.
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Sept. 4, 1962. MICHIJIRO AKABOSH ETAL 3,052,610 CONCENTRATION of ACETIC ACID Filed May 19, 1960
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