Chetla Boat Canal – History of Canal from Its Origin to Present State
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I N D E X Page No. 1. Report ………. 1 – 32 2. Cost Estimate ………. 33 3. Investment Plan ………. 33 4. Check List for Disaster Management ………. 34 – 37 5. Pert Chart ………. 38 6. Abstract of Cost ………. 39 7. Details of Estimate ………. 40 – 95 1 PROJECT AREA A. GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING The city of Kolkata lies between 22° 37’ & 22°30'north latitude and 88°23' & 88° 18' east longitude. The city incorporates 141 wards and 57 Police Stations. Kolkata is the capital of West Bengal and the biggest metropolitan city in the eastern part of the country with a population of 4.57 million (as per 2001 census) with a total of 929586 households having a population density of 24718 per sq. km. The project site is located within the Kolkata Municipal Corporation boundary limits. B. CLIMATE The region is generally warm during the day and cold at night. During summer, day temperature rises up to 41° C (April to June). Rainy season continues from June to October with occasional rainfall during December – January and in March. Mean annual rainfall is around 1573 mm. During winter temperature drops down to 9°C (during January) as recorded by the Meteorological Department. The humidity is moderately high in rainy season, and remains within 90%. C. GEOLOGY AND STRUCTURE The area is underlain by Quaternary sediments consisting of clay silt and various grades of sand gravel and pebble. No hard rock geological formation is found here. Lithoiogical log indicates the presence of a clay bed at the top of the geological succession with thickness varying from 10 – 40 Mts. There is a further alternate clay and sand bed. A group of granular aquifer is found between 250 – 650 Mts. below ground level. These layers are being tapped as ground water resources. The soils in the area are typically deltaic alluvial type and the sediments are generally fine in the upward direction. The area is seismically stable. 2 D. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING The project area is generally flat and sloping from North to South. The area is alluvial plain of river Hooghly and criss – crossed by man made canal. The project influenced area is fully an urban congested area. There are no forests, natural park or sanctuary in the project influenced area. The major sources of air pollution are the vehicles plying on the existing road, small scale industries and domestic fuel burning. The overall air quality in this area appears to be inferior to the threshold values. Outdoor noise sources are mainly from vehicles plying on the existing road. No other permanent outdoor source of noise was found. 3 PROJECT BACKGROUND Kolkata, one of the larges metropolises of India have, since its founding more than 300 years ago, undergone ribbon development along the two banks of River Hooghly. It is the main port and has a vast hinterland covering the entire North Eastern region of India, and spreads westwards through Bihar, Orissa, parts of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Kolkata the capital of the state of West Bengal is located on the eastern shore of India. Kolkata Metropolitan Area is one of largest urban conglomeration of the country with a population of 14.72 million (L'001 census) and a density of 7950 persons per Sq. Km. It has spread linearly along the bank of river Hooghly (Ganga). Kolkata Metropolitan Area is largely consisting of 3 Municipal Corporations and several urban local bodies within an area of 1851.41 Sq. Km. The economic growth in the city has evolved with the time with more service sector growth and reducing primary and secondary sector inputs. Primary Sector which was contributing around 77% in 1985 – 1986 has reduced to 56% in 2001 – 2002 with tertiary sector (primarily IT, ITES and BPO industries) grown from 23% to 44% in the same period. Kolkata at 88° 30” Eastern longitudes and 22° 33" northern latitude is 120 km from Bay of Bengal and stands on the eastern bank of river Hooghly. The city could primarily be divided into two parts i.e. old historic city in northern portion which is heavily congested and the new city which is better planned in southern part. Slums and dilapidated structures also exist in many pockets of the city proper and house over 25% of the city's population (Census 2001). 4 The weather in the city is quite humid with variation from 50% to 85% and typical temperature variation from 42°C to 8°C. The rainy season begins in the month of June and lasts up to October bringing in moderately severe rains with an average rainfall of 160.5 cm. Both the utility systems related to water supply and Drainage in the city has evolved with time, the requirements and the technical solutions available at that time. The drainage system specifically is a recipient of the storm and wastewater from domestic / industrial and other usages and therefore is dependant on the availability of water in the system. 5 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Kolkata – A Brief Introduction i) The historic city of Kolkata is situated in the banks of River Hooghly. Kolkata, one of the largest metropolises of India have, since its founding more than 300 years ago, undergone ribbon development along the two banks of River Hooghly. It is the main port and has a vast hinterland covering the entire North Eastern region of India, and spreads westwards through Bihar, Orissa, parts of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. ii) Kolkata is the capital of the state of West Bengal, located on the eastern shore of India. Kolkata metropolitan is also one of largest urban conglomeration of the country with a population of 14.72 million (2001 census) and a density of 7950 persons per Sq. Km. It has spread linearly along the bank of river Hooghly (Ganga). iii) Kolkata Metropolitan Area is largely consisting of 3 Municipal Corporations and several urban local bodies within an area of 1851.41 Sq. Km. iv) The economic growth in the city has evolved with the time with more service sector growth and reducing primary and secondary sector inputs. Primary Sector which was contributing around 77% in 1985-86 has reduced to 56% in 2001 – 02 with tertiary sector (primarily IT, ITES and BPO industries) grown from 23% to 44% in the same period. 6 v) Kolkata at 88° 30' Eastern longitudes and 22° 33' northern latitude is 120 km from Bay of Bengal and stands on the eastern bank of river Hooghly. The city could primarily be divided into two parts i.e. old historic city in northern portion which is heavily congested and the new city which is better planned in southern part. Slums and dilapidated structures also exist in many pockets of the city proper and house over 25% of the city's population (Census 2001). vi) The weather in the city is quite humid with variation from 50% to 85% and typical temperature variation from 42°C to 8°C. The rainy season begins in the month of June and lasts up to October bringing in moderately severe rains with an average rainfall of 160.5 cm. vii) Both the utility systems related to water supply and Drainage in the city have evolved with time, the requirements and the technical solutions available at that time. The drainage system specifically is a recipient of the wastewater from domestic / industrial and other usages and therefore is dependant on the availability of water in the system. 1.2 Drainage and Canal System in Kolkata i) City of Kolkata having a history in excess of 330 years of survival which was born after conglomeration of 3 (three) villages namely Sutanuti, Govindapur and Calcutta. Infrastructure development was felt to be necessary by the then British rulers when it was capital of India. Raw water supply through brick conduits started way back in 1820. Subsequently necessity of drainage was also felt with the incremental concentration of population and commissioned way back in 1876 which is identified as the town system. 7 (ii) In the early 20th century the suburban system was also added. Manicktala system and Tollygunge system were also added to this initial system to supplement the further conglomeration and the 5th and the latest system was also added further at Tangra Topsia. These systems in totality were targeted for much less population concentration and their basic slope was from west to east. As the natural slope of the city of Kolkata is towards east having a lower plate at the middle similar to that of a plate depressed at its middle. The basic outfall was Bidhydhari and Saraswati on the east leading to Kultigang and further to Bay of Bengal for the core town system. For the Tollygunge system, Tollygunge Panchagram Canal no. : 1 and the T. P. Channel along with Tolly Nallah was the main outfall channel. For newly added areas namely Behala, Churial extension, Churial, Kalagachia, Begorekhal, C. P. T. Canal, Boat Canal such were the principal tributaries. For Jadavpur system T. P. Channel, Tolly's Nallah and Tollygunge Panchagram canal no.1 were also in use along with Rania and Manikhali Khal. iii) Most interestingly though this is one of the oldest cities of this country, Kolkata had no sewerage treatment plant as because it had a unique way of stabilization of sewerage through east Kolkata basin in aerobic way. This was an enviable system and being mentioned to the people studying stabilization of sewerage by different methods. But the population influx and high growth of urbanization has caused enormous damage to these outfall channels and has already become full of nutrients and requires serious intervention of re-sectioning and removal of debris to return to its serviceability.