DOCSLIB.ORG

Knee/Groin Exercises

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Knee/Groin Exercises KNEE/GROIN EXERCISES RANGE OF MOTION 1. Heel slides - In the sitting position with the injured leg extended, slowly move the knee into a bent position by sliding your heel towards you. Bend as far as possible and then straighten as far as possible. Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions 2. Wall Slides - Lie on your back with your legs elevated against a wall and a towel underneath your heel. Place the other leg’s foot on the bottom of the towel and, with that foot, pull the towel towards the table. Once full flexion is reached, slowly return to the starting position. Perform sets of repetitions 3. Passive Prone Knee Extension (Prong Hang) - Lie on your stomach with your knee and lower leg off the end of a table or bed. Relax your leg and allow your leg to straighten. Hold position for 2 minutes. For an increased stretch, attach an ankle weight around the ankle and hold the position for 2 minutes. Perform ____________ sets of ___________ repetitions 4. Active-Assisted Flexion - Lie on your stomach and attempt to bend your injured leg into flexion as far as possible. Then, using the other leg, try to bend the knee further. Hold for an 8 to 10 count. Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions 5. Seated Flexion - Seated on a table with both knees bent, attempt to bend the injured leg as far into flexion as possible. Use the uninjured leg to assist in further flexion. Hold for a 6 count and repeat. Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions 6. Patellar Mobilization - Gently move the patella up, down, and side to side pain free. Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions STRETCHING 1. Wall Stretch (Gastroc) Stand with feet directly in a line, approximately 6 to 10 inches apart, and with both heels on the floor. Keeping the back leg straight, gently lean forward using a table or wall for balance. Keep all of your weight over your feet. Hold for a 6 count. Perform ___________ sets of ______________ repetitions 2. Wall Stretch (Soleous) - Same stretch as above, except bend back leg and lean back slightly. Perform_____________ sets of______________ repetitions 3. Quadriceps: A. Side-Lying - Lie on your side with your knees together. Grasp your hand around your ankle. Slowly bend the leg at the knee as far as possible using your hand to pull the leg further into flexion. Hold for a 6 count. Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions B. Standing Quadriceps/Hip Flexor - In standing position lunge the non-injured leg forward bending both knees and like you were going to kneel. Arch the back. Hold for a 6 count. Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions C. Table Hip Flexor Stretch - Lie on your back with your legs just barely on the edge of the table. Let one leg remain hanging off of the edge while you pull the other knee towards you until a stretch is felt. Hold for a count of 10 and relax. Perform sets of repetitions 4. Hamstring: A. Sitting--Seated with both feet out in front and pointed up, knees straight, and hands on the floor behind you, sit up straight and arch your back. Lean forward for a gentle stretch, hold 6 count. Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions B. Lying - Lie on your back with both legs straight. Place a belt, rope, or tie around the foot of the leg to be stretched. Grasp the belt with your hands until a nice gentle stretch is felt in the back of the leg. Hold for a 6 count. Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions C. Wall - Place both heels on a wall until a stretch is achieved that can be held for 10 to 15 minutes. Move closer to the wall to receive a more intense stretch. Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions 5. Groin A. Butterfly - Seated, place the soles of your feet together and pull them towards you. Then place pressure on the inside of your knees with your elbows until a gentle stretch is felt. Hold for 6 count. Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions B. Side Leans - Stand with feet wider then shoulders, point the toe of the leg not being stretched away from your body and the other foot straight ahead, keep the knee straight and slowly bend the knee on the opposite leg and lean out over the leg until a gentle stretch is felt. Hold for 6 count. Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions 6. Hip Extensors - Lying on your back, bend your knee and hip, grasp the leg under your knee, and pull the knee to your chest. Hold for a 6 count. Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions 7. IT Band: A. Side-wall Lean - Stand with affected side towards the wall and the opposite leg crossed over. Relax the hips towards the wall for a stretch down the outside of the upper leg. Hold for 6 count. Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions B. Seated - Sit with the affected leg bent to 90 degrees and crossed over the straight opposite leg. Use the opposite side elbow to apply pressure to the outside of the affected leg's knee. Hold for a 6 count. Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions STRENGTHENING 1. Quad Sets - Sit with knees straight and feet pointed straight up. Tighten the muscles on the front of the legs and hold for a 6 to 8 count. Remember these exercises can be performed anywhere as long as the knee is straight. Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions 2. Co-Contraction - Sit with feet straight, toes up, and the heel planted. Force the heel into the ground and tighten the muscles in the back of the leg and then tighten the muscles in the front of the leg. Hold both contractions for a 6 to 8 count. Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions 3. Straight Leg Raise (SLR) - Lie on your back. Bend the unaffected leg so the foot is equal to the knee of the affected leg. Tighten the quadriceps muscles of the affected leg and slowly raise the leg to the level of the knee of the bent leg. Hold for a 2 count and lower the leg to the floor. Add weight above the knee or around the ankle accordingly. (Your therapist may ask that you tighten the muscles in the back of your leg if there is involvement of the anterior cruciate ligament). Perform __________ sets of ___________ repetitions 4. 7-Count SLR - Lie on your back with the opposite knee bent. Add weight to ankle as needed 1. Tighten muscles in front of leg 2. Tighten harder 3. Raise the leg to the level of the bent opposite leg 4. Tighten muscles in front harder 5. Tighten harder 6. Lower the leg 7. Tighten muscles in front harder Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions 5. Leg Curls: A. Prone Leg Curls - Lie on your stomach at a commercial leg machine or on a table or bed. Attempt to bend your knee and pull your heel to your buttocks. Hold for a 3 count and slowly lower. Add weight around the ankle accordingly or may also use Theraband. Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions B. Standing Leg Curl - Stand next to a table with an ankle weight around the injured lower leg. Using the table for balance, attempt to bend your knee toward your buttocks as far as possible. Perform sets of repetitions 6. Leg Extensions - Sit at a commercial leg extension machine or on a table or bed. Attempt to extend your leg as far as possible. Hold for a 3 count and lower to the floor. Add weight around the ankle accordingly. Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions 7. Leg Extensions in Pain Free Range - Same position as #5, except place a stool under your foot or the bar of the commercial extension machine that does not allow the knee to bend farther than 45 degrees. Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions 8. Hip Abduction - Lie on your unaffected side and bend the opposite leg slightly for balance. Keeping the body and affected leg in line, lift the leg off the table as far as possible. Hold for a 3 count and slowly lower. Add weight above the knee or around the ankle accordingly. Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions 9. Hip Adduction - Lie on your affected side. Place the unaffected leg in front of the involved leg so that the foot is flat on the floor. Keep the affected leg straight and in line with the body. Lift 8-10", hold for a 3 count, and lower slowly. Add weight above the knee or around the ankle accordingly. Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions 10. Hip Extensions - Lying on your stomach, raise your leg straight up as far as possible, hold for a 3 count and lower. Add weight to the leg accordingly. Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions 11. Step-up - Stand with injured leg on a stool from 2 inches to 10 inches off the ground (the height can be varied by using any step and building the floor up using books.) Start by bending your injured leg slowly lowering the heel of your uninjured leg to the floor touching down and slowly raising backup. The process is then repeated. Perform ____________ sets of ____________ repetitions 12. 1/4 Squats (Both legs)--Stand with legs at shoulder width apart with toes slightly turned out without knees over toes. Squat down 1/4 of the way and then rise back into extension.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Corporate Medical Policy Surgery for Groin Pain in Athletes
    Corporate Medical Policy Surgery for Groin Pain in Athletes File Name: surgery_for_groin_pain_in_athletes Origination: 8/2014 Last CAP Review: 6/2020 Next CAP Review: 6/2021 Last Review: 6/2020 Description of Procedure or Service Sports-related groin pain, commonly known as athletic pubalgia or sports hernia, is characterized by disabling activity-dependent lower abdominal and groin pain that is not attributable to any other cause. Athletic pubalgia is most frequently diagnosed in high-performance male athletes, particularly those who participate in sports that involve rapid twisting and turning such as soccer, hockey, and football. Alternative names include Gilmore’s groin, osteitis pubis, pubic inguinal pain syndrome, inguinal disruption, slap shot gut, sportsmen’s groin, footballers groin injury complex, hockey groin syndrome, athletic hernia, sports hernia and core muscle injury. For patients who fail conservative therapy, surgical repair of any defects identified in the muscles, tendons or nerves has been proposed. Groin pain in athletes is a poorly defined condition, for which there is not a consensus regarding the cause and/or treatment. Some believe the groin pain is an occult hernia process, a prehernia condition, or an incipient hernia, with the major abnormality being a defect in the transversalis fascia, which forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. Another theory is that injury to soft tissues that attach to or cross the pubic symphysis is the primary abnormality. The most common of these injuries is thought to be at the insertion of the rectus abdominis onto the pubis, with either primary or secondary pain arising from the adductor insertion sites onto the pubis.
    [Show full text]
  • Groin and Buttock Claudication Associated with Vascular Origin Due to Chronic Occlusion of Internal Iliac Artery -A Case Report
    Anesth Pain Med 2015; 10: 93-96 http://dx.doi.org/10.17085/apm.2015.10.2.93 ￭Case Report￭ Groin and buttock claudication associated with vascular origin due to chronic occlusion of internal iliac artery -A case report- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, *Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of † Medicine, Seoul, Ire Pain Clinic, Incheon, Korea Hyun Mo Chung, Sang-Soo Kang, Keun-Man Shin, Sang-hoon Lee, Sung Eun Kim*, and Hong-Seong Yoo† Neurogenic and vascular claudication is sometimes difficult to When concomitant symptoms such as radiating pain are distinguish from each other due to similarities in symptoms. present, a herniated disc could be considered first [3]. We Symptoms and physical examinations may not always match the report a rare case of severe groin pain of vascular origin, severity in both diseases, and when atypical symptoms, such as groin pain, are present, diagnosis can be more challenging. Proper associated with mild pain in the buttock and lower leg, differential diagnosis of the two is important because of the without the typical vascular symptoms due to well developed invasiveness of treatment in both diseases. We report a rare case collateral flow of abdominal wall vessels. of a patient with severe groin and buttock pain due to chronic occlusion of the internal iliac artery, along with a review of the relevant literature. (Anesth Pain Med 2015; 10: 93-96) CASE REPORT Key Words: Claudication, Groin, Internal iliac artery, Pain. A 70-year-old male with persistent bilateral groin pain, more severe on the left, visited our department of pain medicine.
    [Show full text]
  • Sportsmans Groin: the Inguinal Ligament and the Lloyd Technique
    Rennie, WJ and Lloyd, DM. Sportsmans Groin: The Inguinal Ligament and the Lloyd Technique. Journal of the Belgian Society of Radiology. 2017; 101(S2): 16, pp. 1–4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/jbr-btr.1404 OPINION ARTICLE Sportsmans Groin: The Inguinal Ligament and the Lloyd Technique WJ Rennie and DM Lloyd Groin pain is a catch all phrase used to define a common set of symptoms that affect many individuals. It is a common condition affecting sportsmen and women (1, 2) and is often referred to as the sportsman groin (SG). Multiple surgical operations have been developed to treat these symptoms yet no definitive imaging modalities exist to diagnose or predict prognosis. This article aims to discuss the anatomy of the groin, suggest a biomechanical pathophysiology and outline a logical surgical solution to treat the underlying pathology. A systematic clinical and imaging approach with inguinal ligament and pubic specific MRI assessment, can result in accurate selection for intervention. Close correlation with clinical examination and imaging in series is recommended to avoid misinterpretation of chronic changes in athletes. Keywords: Groin pain; Inguinal Ligament; MRI; Surgery; Lloyd release Introduction from SG is due to altered biomechanics, with specific pain Groin pain is a catch all phrase used to define a common symptoms that differ from those caused by inguinal or set of symptoms that affect many individuals. It is a com- femoral hernias. mon condition affecting sportsmen and women [1, 2] and is often referred to as the sportsman groin (SG). Multiple Anatomy of Sportsman’s Groin surgical operations have been developed to treat these The anatomical central structure in the groin is the pubic symptoms, yet no definitive imaging modalities exist to bone.
    [Show full text]
  • Femoral Injecting Guide
    FEMORAL INJECTING A GUIDE TO INJECTING IN THE GROIN USING THE FEMORAL VEIN (This is a restricted document NOT meant for general distribution) AUGUST 2006 1 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION This resource has been produced by some older intravenous drug users (IDU’s) who, having compromised the usual injecting sites, now inject into the femoral vein. We recognize that many IDU’s continue to use as they grow older, but unfortunately, easily accessible injecting sites often become unusable and viable sites become more dif- ficult to locate. Usually, as a last resort, committed IDU’s will try to locate one of the larger, deeper veins, especially when injecting large volumes such as methadone. ManyUnfortunately, of us have some had noof usalternat had noive alternative but to ‘hit butand to miss’ ‘hit andas we miss’ attempted as we attemptedto find veins to find that weveins couldn’t that we see, couldn’t but knew see, werebut knew there. were This there. was often This painful,was often frustrating, painful, frustrating, costly and, costly in someand, cases,in some resulted cases, inresulted permanent in permanent injuries such injuries as the such example as the exampleshown under shown the under the heading “A True Story” on pageheading 7. “A True Story” on page 7. CONTENTS CONTENTS 1) Introduction, Introduction, Contents contents, disclaimer 9) Rotating Injecting 9) Rotating Sites Injecting Sites 2) TheFemoral Femoral Injecting: Vein—Where Getting is Startedit? 10) Blood Clots 10) Blood Clots 3) FemoralThe Femoral Injecting: Vein— Getting Where
    [Show full text]
  • Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Classification of Groin and Ventral Abdominal Wall Hernias
    Symposium Sir Ganga Ram Hospital classification of groin and ventral abdominal wall hernias Pradeep K Chowbey, Rajesh Khullar, Magan Mehrotra, Anil Sharma, Vandana Soni, Manish Baijal Minimal Access and Bariatric Surgery Centre, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi - 110 060, India Address for correspondence: Pradeep K. Chowbey, Minimal Access and Bariatric Surgery Centre, Room No. 200 (2nd floor), Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi - 110 060, India. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract of all ventral hernias of the abdomen. The system proposed by us includes all abdominal wall hernias and Background: Numerous classifications for groin is a final classification that predicts the expected level and ventral hernias have been proposed over the of difficulty for an endoscopic hernia repair. past five to six decades. The old, simple classification of groin hernia in to direct, inguinal Key words: Total extraperitoneal repair, SGRH classification, and femoral components is no longer adequate to laparoscopic ventral hernia repair understand the complex pathophysiology and management of these hernias.The most commonly followed classification for ventral hernias divide CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR GROIN HERNIA them into congenital, acquired, incisional and traumatic, which also does not convey any Numerous classifications for groin hernia have been information regarding the predicted level of difficulty. proposed over the past five to six decades. The old Aim: All the previous classification systems were based on open hernia repairs and have their own simple classification of groin hernia into indirect and fallacies particularly for uncommon hernias that direct, inguinal and femoral components is no longer cannot be classified in these systems. With the adequate to understand the complex advent of laparoscopic/ endoscopic approach, pathophysiology and management of these hernias.[1] surgical access to the hernia as well as the In the 1950s and 1960s, many surgical classifications functional anatomy viewed by the surgeon changed.
    [Show full text]
  • DEPARTMENT of ANATOMY IGMC SHIMLA Competency Based Under
    DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY IGMC SHIMLA Competency Based Under Graduate Curriculum - 2019 Number COMPETENCY Objective The student should be able to At the end of the session student should know AN1.1 Demonstrate normal anatomical position, various a) Define and demonstrate various positions and planes planes, relation, comparison, laterality & b) Anatomical terms used for lower trunk, limbs, joint movement in our body movements, bony features, blood vessels, nerves, fascia, muscles and clinical anatomy AN1.2 Describe composition of bone and bone marrow a) Various classifications of bones b) Structure of bone AN2.1 Describe parts, blood and nerve supply of a long bone a) Parts of young bone b) Types of epiphysis c) Blood supply of bone d) Nerve supply of bone AN2.2 Enumerate laws of ossification a) Development and ossification of bones with laws of ossification b) Medico legal and anthropological aspects of bones AN2.3 Enumerate special features of a sesamoid bone a) Enumerate various sesamoid bones with their features and functions AN2.4 Describe various types of cartilage with its structure & a) Differences between bones and cartilage distribution in body b) Characteristics features of cartilage c) Types of cartilage and their distribution in body AN2.5 Describe various joints with subtypes and examples a) Various classification of joints b) Features and different types of fibrous joints with examples c) Features of primary and secondary cartilaginous joints d) Different types of synovial joints e) Structure and function of typical synovial
    [Show full text]
  • Groin Injuries in Athletes
    Groin Injuries in Athletes VINCENT MORELLI, M.D., Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana VICTORIA SMITH, M.D., Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Kenner, Louisiana Groin injuries comprise 2 to 5 percent of all sports injuries. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are important to prevent these injuries from becoming chronic and poten- tially career-limiting. Adductor strains and osteitis pubis are the most common muscu- loskeletal causes of groin pain in athletes. These two conditions are often difficult to distinguish. Other etiologies of groin pain include sports hernia, groin disruption, ilio- psoas bursitis, stress fractures, avulsion fractures, nerve compression and snapping hip syndrome. (Am Fam Physician 2001;64:1405-14.) he diagnosis of groin pain in unclear in approximately 30 percent of cases.4 athletes is difficult because the Factors that complicate the diagnosis include anatomy of the region is com- the complex anatomy of the region and the plex and because two or more frequent coexistence of two or more disor- injuries often coexist. Intra- ders. In one study5 of 21 patients with groin Tabdominal pathology, genitourinary abnor- pain, 19 patients were found to have two or malities, referred lumbosacral pain and hip more disorders. The investigators concluded joint disorders (e.g., arthritis, synovitis, avas- that groin pain in athletes is complex and can cular necrosis) must first be excluded. Once be difficult to evaluate even by experienced these conditions are ruled out, other muscu- physicians. loskeletal conditions involving the groin may The ability to visualize the anatomy of the be pursued (Table 1). groin area is important for both the physical Between 2 and 5 percent of all sports examination and the differential diagnosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 21: the Thigh, Hip, Groin, and Pelvis
    Chapter 17: The Thigh, Hip, Groin, and Pelvis Anatomy of the Pelvis, Thigh, and Hip Bony Anatomy • Pelvic Girdle –Ilium • Iliac crest • Anterior superior iliac spine • Posterior superior iliac spine • Anterior inferior iliac spine • Ischium –Ischial tuberosity –Hamstring or bursa problems –Should sit on this area of pelvis • Pubis –Pubic symphysis • Acetabulum • Femur –Head –Neck –Greater trochanter –Lesser trochanter –Shaft –Medial condyle –Lateral condyle Ligaments - Major source of strength –Ligamentum teres-head of femur –Iliofemoral ligament • Y ligament • Strongest in the body • Prevents hyperextension, external rotation, abduction • Pubofemoral ligament –Prevents abduction • Ischiofemoral ligament –Prevents medial rotation Bursa • 18 in hip • Ischial bursa • Greater trochanteric bursa –Found at attachment of gluteus maximus and IT band • Iliopsoas Muscles • Flexors –Iliopsoas –Rectus femoris (quad) –Sartorius • Anterior thigh (quads) –Vastus medialis –Vastus lateralis –Vastus intermedialis • Extensors –Gluteus maximus –Semitendonosis (hamstring) –Semimembranosis (hamstring) –Biceps femoris (hamstring) • Abductors –Gluteus medius –Gluteus minimus –Tensor fascia latae (Iliotibial band) • Adductors –Adductor magnus –Adductor brevis –Adductor longus –Pectineus –Gracilis • External Rotators –Oburator externus –Obturator internus –Quadratus femoris –Piriformis – sciatic nerve goes through it. –Gamellus superior –Gamellus inferior –Gluteus maximus • Internal Rotators –Gluteus minimus –Tensor fascia Latae –Gluteus medius Assessment of the
    [Show full text]
  • Adductor Release for Athletic Groin Pain
    40 Allied Drive Dedham, MA 02026 781-251-3535 (office) www.bostonsportsmedicine.com ADDUCTOR RELEASE FOR ATHLETIC GROIN PAIN THE INJURY The adductor muscles of the thigh connect the lower rim of the pelvic bone (pubis) to the thigh-bone (femur). These muscles exert high forces during activities such as soccer, hockey and football when powerful and explosive movements take place. High stresses are concentrated especially at the tendon of the adductor longus tendon where it attaches to the bone. This tendon can become irritated and inflamed and be the source of unrelenting pain in the groin area. Pain can also be felt in the lower abdomen. THE OPERATION Athletic groin pain due to chronic injury to the adductor longus muscle-tendon complex usually can be relieved by releasing the tendon where it attaches to the pubic bone. A small incision is made over the tendon attachment and the tendon is cut, or released from its attachment to the bone. The tendon retracts distally and heals to the surrounding tissues. The groin pain is usually relieved since the injured tendon is no longer anchored to the bone. It takes several weeks for the area to heal. Athletes can often return to full competition after a period of 8-12 weeks of rehabilitation, but it may take a longer period of time to regain full strength and function. RISKS OF SURGERY AND RESULTS As with any operation, there are potential risks and possible complications. These are rare, and precautions are taken to avoid problems. The spermatic cord (in males) is close to the operative area, but it is rarely at risk.
    [Show full text]
  • Hand Foot Mouth
    n Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Related Infections n Enterovirus infection may also involve the lungs, eyes, Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is a distinctive heart, and nervous system, but these conditions are less rash caused by a family of viruses called entero- common. viruses, which spread easily. The viruses can cause a blistering rash in the throat, hands, and Enteroviruses can spread easily to people your child feet. Your child’s rash may not appear in all of comes into contact with at home or school. The infection these areas. The infection is rarely serious and is most contagious during the early stages. usually clears up without treatment. What are some possible complications of hand-foot- What is hand-foot-and-mouth and-mouth disease? disease? Serious complications are uncommon. The infection usu- ally clears up in a week or so, without further problems. Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is a common childhood infection causing a distinctive rash and other symptoms. It Some enteroviruses cause more severe infection than others. is unrelated to “foot-and-mouth disease” in farm animals. On occasion, enterovirus infection can spread to the ner- The illness is usually mild, although the rash forming in vous system. These conditions, such as meningitis or the throat, hands, feet, and other areas may look alarming. encephalitis, are more serious and require medical evalu- Your child should recover in a week or so. Serious compli- ation, but children usually recover without problems. cations are rare. Call our office if your child develops any nervous sys- ! What does it look like? tem symptoms, such as headache, stiff neck, or back pain.
    [Show full text]
  • Foundational Concepts of Myology and Kinesiology LWBK788-Ch1 01-11 LWBK788-Ch1 1/11/11 10:03 PM Page 3 1 Anatomical Terminology and Body Movements
    LWBK788-Ch1_01-11_LWBK788-Ch1 1/11/11 10:02 PM Page 1 PART ONE Foundational Concepts of Myology and Kinesiology LWBK788-Ch1_01-11_LWBK788-Ch1 1/11/11 10:03 PM Page 3 1 Anatomical Terminology and Body Movements CHAPTER OUTLINE ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY Lateral Inversion of the Foot Anatomical Position Superficial Eversion of the Foot Body Regions Deep Elevation Planes of Reference MOVEMENTS Depression Protraction Directional Terms Flexion Retraction Anterior Extension Upward Rotation Posterior Rotation Downward Rotation Superior Abduction Chapter Summary Inferior Adduction Workbook Proximal Circumduction Palpation Exercises Distal Horizontal Abduction Review Exercises Medial Horizontal Adduction KEY TERMS Anatomical position: a standard body position that is used to provide Medial: closer to the midline consistent orientation to the body from which directional terms are Lateral: farther from the midline referenced. Body is standing erect while head, feet, and palms face forward. Ipsilateral: pertaining to the same side Cephalic region: region of the head Contralateral: pertaining to the opposite side Cranium: includes top and back of the head Unilateral: one-sided, typically either right- or left-sided Thorax: region of the body between the neck and abdomen Bilateral: two-sided, typically right- and left-sided Sagittal plane: plane that divides the body into left and right sections Superficial: closer to the surface Frontal (coronal) plane: plane that divides the body into front and back Deep: sections farther from the surface Flexion: Transverse plane: plane that divides the body into upper and lower sections bending movement that occurs at a joint Dorsiflexion: Anterior: front or toward the front ankle movement, in which the top of the foot moves toward the front of the leg Posterior: back or toward the back Plantarflexion: ankle movement, in which the sole of the foot moves Superior: above downward, toward the back of the leg, or causes us to rise up on our toes.
    [Show full text]
  • A Complete Approach to Groin Pain
    The Physician and Sportsmedicine ISSN: 0091-3847 (Print) 2326-3660 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ipsm20 A Complete Approach to Groin Pain Vincent J. Lacroix MD To cite this article: Vincent J. Lacroix MD (2000) A Complete Approach to Groin Pain, The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 28:1, 66-86 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3810/psm.2000.01.626 Published online: 19 Jun 2015. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 2 View related articles Citing articles: 2 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ipsm20 Download by: [University of Sheffield] Date: 05 November 2015, At: 17:45 AComplete Approach to Groin Pain Vincent J. Lacroix, MD IN BRIEF: Focused history questions and physical exam maneuvers are especially impor­ tant with groin pain because symptoms can arise from any of numerous causes, sports related or not. Questions for the patient should attempt to rule out systemic symptoms and clarify the pain pattern. Some of the most possible causes ofgroin pain include stress fracture of the femoral neck or pubic ramus, ~-Calve-Perthes disease, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, acetabular labral tears, iliopectineal bursitis, awlsion fracture, os­ teitis pubis, strain of the thigh muscles or rectus abdominis, inguinal hernia, ilioinguinal neuralgia, and the 'sports hernia.' Depending on the diagnosis, conservative treatment is often effective. min injuries are a diagnostic and as in "I think I pulled my groin." It may refer to therapeutic challenge, even to the genitalia, as in "Doc, I got kicked in the the most skilled clinician.
    [Show full text]