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Der Große Schatten Von RONEN BERGMAN Wappen Des Mossad

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Der Große Schatten Von RONEN BERGMAN Wappen Des Mossad KRIEGE UND FRIEDEN Zum Repertoire des Mossad gehören Mordanschläge ebenso wie Cyber- Attacken und klassische Spionage. Pannen, Skandale und ein veränderter Naher Osten haben den Geheimdienst in die Krise gebracht. Der große Schatten von RONEN BERGMAN Wappen des Mossad n der Welt der Geheimdienste sad noch mit Geringschätzung. Aber nun es, den Verräter notfalls zu töten. Da - kann es nicht schaden, einen gelang den Israelis ein Scoop: Sie be - mals legte er ein eisernes Prinzip fest, speziellen Ruf zu haben. Der is - schafften den vollständigen Text von das bis heute gilt: Der Mossad bringt kei - raelische Mossad hat nicht nur Chruschtschows Geheimrede. Dienste ne Juden und keine Israelis um. Harel Ieinen solchen Ruf, er ist eine Le - auf der ganzen Welt hatten vergebens befahl seinen Leuten, den Mann in Paris gende, ein Mythos, den die einen vereh - versucht, an das spektakuläre Dokument zu entführen, ihn zu betäuben und nach ren und die anderen fürchten und has - zu kommen. Israel zu bringen, wo ihm der Prozess sen: Die Israelis hoffen, dass ihre Leute Mossad-Chef Isser Harel wusste, wie gemacht werden sollte. besser sind als alle Feinde und ihr Land sich aus dem Erfolg seiner Beschaffer Doch durch eine Reihe von Fehlern, beschützen. Die Kritiker und Gegner Is - Kapital für seinen Apparat schlagen ließ: auch des Anästhesisten, starb der Ent - raels trauen dem Mossad Intrigen und Er leitete die Rede an die Kollegen von führte auf dem Flug nach Tel Aviv. Seine Verbrechen jeder Art zu. So oder so wirft der CIA weiter. Tatsächlich entwickelte Leiche warfen die Geheimdienstler ins der Auslandsgeheimdienst eines kleinen sich daraus eine enge Zusammenarbeit Meer. Niemand sollte etwas davon er - Landes einen großen Schatten. beider Dienste. Über die CIA gelangte fahren. In der Presse streute der Mossad Aber ehe der Mossad zum Mythos Chruschtschows Rede in die „New York Fehlinformationen, wonach Alexander werden konnte, musste er sich einen Ruf Times“, es war eine Weltsensation. Israel in Südamerika Zuflucht gefunden erarbeiten. Es war eine Rede, eine ganz Für den noch jungen jüdischen Staat habe. Mehr als 50 Jahre wurde der Skan - besondere Rede, mit der sich die israeli - war ein funktionierender und respek - dal geheim gehalten (erst 2006 brachte schen Agenten zum ersten Mal den Res - tierter Geheimdienst von größter Wich - ihn der Autor dieses Beitrags ans Licht). pekt ihrer Kollegen in der Geheimdienst - tigkeit. Die Israelis ahnten, dass Anfein - Bis heute weigert sich der Dienst, dem welt erworben haben. dungen, Terror und Krieg das Land auf Sohn des Entführten Unterlagen auszu - Februar 1956: Sowjetführer Nikita Jahre hinaus begleiten würden. Und händigen und Details mitzuteilen. Chruschtschow bittet ausgewählte Dele - diesmal wollten sie zu den Siegern der gierte des KPdSU-Parteitags zu einer Son - Geschichte gehören. Also mussten sie Es mangelt an demokratischer Kon - dersitzung. Unter Ausschluss der Öffent - schneller, klüger, härter und effektiver trolle des Mossad, und das geht auf Da - lichkeit prangert er den Personenkult sei - handeln als ihre Feinde. vid Ben-Gurion zurück. Auf sein Betrei - nes Vorgängers Josef Stalin an und ver - Die erste große, komplexe Operation ben wurde es verboten, auch nur die blo - urteilt den stalinistischen Terror. Für die des Mossad endete 1954 allerdings in ei - ße Existenz des Dienstes offenzulegen. Anwesenden ist es ein Schock. nem Fiasko. Ein Hauptmann der israe - Sogar die Erwähnung des Namens war Und dann begann in Ost und West das lischen Marine namens Alexander Israel bis in die Siebzigerjahre nicht erlaubt. Rätselraten: Was hat der Moskauer Par - war desertiert und nach Europa geflo - Ben-Gurion verhinderte jede gesetzli - teichef genau gesagt? Damals betrachte - hen, wo er seine militärischen Kennt - che Verankerung der Ziele, Aufgaben, ten die Spitzen der CIA und der westeu - nisse ägyptischen Diplomaten verkaufen Befugnisse und des Budgets des Mossad D L I ropäischen Nachrichtendienste den Mos- wollte. Dann tauchte er in Paris unter. und der anderen Geheimdienste. B N I E Natürlich wollte der Mossad ihn ha - Der vage gesetzliche Rahmen und die T S L Übersetzung: Nicholas Yantian. L ben. Geheimdienstchef Harel untersagte extreme Geheimhaltungspolitik öffne - U 76 SPIEGEL GESCHICHTE 2 | 2015 Harel, Mossad-Chef 1952 bis 1963 NS-Täter Eichmann beim Medizincheck vor seinem Prozess, 1961 ten den Raum für eine Parallelwelt. Im te, wanderte Harel als junger Zionist Dem Organisator der Judenvernich - Schattenreich des Mossad wurden Ak - 1930 nach Palästina aus, wo er sich im tung war die Flucht aus einem amerika - tionen geplant und ausgeführt, die ei - Krieg der jüdischen Untergrundarmee nischen Internierungslager gelungen; gentlich Straftaten sind. Das betrifft vor Hagana anschloss. Ben-Gurion wusste, von 1950 an lebte er unter falschem Na - allem die Praxis der gezielten Tötungen. er konnte sich auch bei heiklen Missio - men in dem südamerikanischen Land. Im Juni 1948 hatte Ben-Gurion den nen auf ihn verlassen. Um sicher zu sein, dass sie den richtigen Aufbau der israelischen Nachrichten - Der Mossad hatte von Anfang an Mann erwischten, beschatteten ihn die dienste beschlossen. Erst allmählich nicht nur die Aufgabe, geheime Infor - Mossad-Leute monatelang. kristallisierte sich die bis heute beste - mationen zu sammeln, sondern auch In der Abenddämmerung des 11. Mai hende Aufgabenverteilung heraus: Der Operationen außerhalb Israels durchzu - schlugen sie zu. Einen Motorschaden vor - militärische Nachrichtendienst Aman führen, zum Beispiel, um zu verhindern, täuschend, warteten sie mit zwei Fahr - zeugen nahe Eichmanns Haus in der Ga - ribaldi-Straße in Buenos Aires. Als er et - Die Entführung Eichmanns machte was später kam als erwartet, zerrten ihn Agenten in einen der Wagen. Dort lag der den Mossad berühmt. NS-Verbrecher, der eben noch laut ge - schrien hatte, nun reglos am Boden, wie beschafft Informationen für die Streit - dass feindliche Staaten in den Besitz von Harel in seinem Erinnerungsbuch „Das kräfte; der Shin Bet ist verantwortlich Atomwaffen gelangten. Das „Institut“ Haus in der Garibaldi-Straße“ festhielt. für Aufklärung und Terrorabwehr im In - pflegt auch Kontakte mit Ländern, die Da Israel und Argentinien damals land; der Mossad übernimmt die Ope - keine offenen Beziehungen zu Israel un - kein Auslieferungsabkommen hatten, rationen im Ausland und wurde noch terhalten. Ein weiteres Ziel ist, Juden in sah der Plan vor, eine israelische Regie - durch Ben-Gurion direkt dem Premier - anderen Ländern zu beschützen oder sie rungsmaschine zu nutzen, mit der eine minister unterstellt. Seit 1963 heißt er nach Israel zu bringen. Allein durch die Delegation zur 150-Jahr-Feier der argen - mit vollem Namen „Institut für Nach - Vielfalt der Aufgaben unterscheidet sich tinischen Unabhängigkeit angereist war. ) . R richtendienst und Sonderaufgaben“. Der der Mossad von den meisten anderen Beim Rückflug setzten die Agenten Eich - ( S E Mossad, das ist: das Institut. Nachrichtendiensten. mann in die Maschine und gaben ihn als G A M I Isser Harel, der bereits den Inlands - erkrankten Angestellten der Fluggesell - Y T T dienst leitete, wurde 1952 Mossad-Chef. mit Chruscht - schaft aus. Dafür hatten sie einen Pass E Nachdem der Scoop G ; ) . Fortan war er der starke und geheimnis - schows Geheimrede dem Dienst bereits und sogar ein ärztliches Attest gefälscht. L ( S I umwitterte Mann im israelischen Regie - Respekt eingetragen hatte, wurde er Der Gefangene war geschminkt worden B R O C rungsapparat. Harel stammte aus einer durch eine andere Aktion schlagartig be - und hatte ein Betäubungsmittel bekom - / R E wohlhabenden Fabrikantenfamilie in rühmt – und gefürchtet. Im Mai 1960 men, obwohl er erklärt hatte, er werde G N I Wizebsk, einem der jüdischen Zentren entführten israelische Agenten den ehe - keinen Widerstand leisten. B U R Weißrusslands. Nachdem die Familie in maligen SS-Obersturmbannführer Adolf Eichmann war bereits in Israel, als D I V A D der Revolution ihren Besitz verloren hat - Eichmann aus Argentinien. Premier Ben-Gurion am 23. Mai das Par - SPIEGEL GESCHICHTE 2 | 2015 77 Amit, Mossad-Chef 1963 bis 1968 KRIEGE UND FRIEDEN Der ägyptische - Milliardär Marwan, genannt „der En - gel“ (hier bei der Hochzeit mit Nas - sers Tochter Mona, 1966) Die MiG-21 der irakischen Ar - mee gelangte durch eine Mossad-Aktion in israelische Hände. lament informierte: „Ich habe der Knes - tenprojekt verschlafen zu haben, errich - kostete Harel das Amt und führte set bekannt zu geben, dass vor Kurzem tete eine geheime Tötungseinheit mit schließlich sogar zum Rücktritt Ben-Gu - einer der größten Naziverbrecher von dem Namen „Mifraz“. Seine Agenten ka - rions. Ihm warf die Knesset vor, geheim - den israelischen Sicherheitsdiensten auf - men aus den extremen und gewalttäti - dienstliche Erkenntnisse zurückgehal - gespürt worden ist: Adolf Eichmann.“ gen Untergrundorganisationen, die ge - ten zu haben. Dem neuen Mossad-Chef Der Architekt der „Endlösung der Ju - gen die Briten gekämpft hatten, ihr An - Meir Amit gelang es, Agenten aus dem denfrage“ wurde zum Tode verurteilt führer: Yitzhak Shamir, der spätere Mi - Kreis der ägyptischen Raketenbauer an - und in Jerusalem gehängt. nisterpräsident. Sie hatten den Befehl, zuwerben und das Projekt so von innen So spektakulär die Eichmann-Entfüh - die deutschen Wissenschaftler zu töten. aufzulösen. rung war, so stand doch meistens die mi - Doch die Operationen, unterstützt litärische Sicherheit im Mittelpunkt der von einem deutsch-israelischen Agenten
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