Rolls of Arms
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Late-Medieval France
Late-Medieval France: A Nation under Construction A study of French national identity formation and the emerging of national consciousness, before and during the Hundred Years War, 1200-1453 Job van den Broek MA History of Politics and Society Dr. Christian Wicke Utrecht University 22 June 2020 Word count: 13.738 2 “Ah! Doulce France! Amie, je te lairay briefment”1 -Attributed to Bertrand du Guesclin, 1380 Images on front page: The kings of France, England, Navarre and the duke of Burgundy (as Count of Charolais), as depicted in the Grand Armorial Équestre de la Toison d’Or, 1435- 1438. 1 Cuvelier in Charrière, volume 2, pp 320. ”Ah, sweet France, my friend, I must leave you very soon.” Translation my own. 2 3 Abstract Whether nations and nationalism are ancient or more recent phenomena is one of the core debates of nationalism studies. Since the 1980’s, modernism, claiming that nations are distinctively modern, has been the dominant view. In this thesis, I challenge this dominant view by doing an extensive case-study into late-medieval France, applying modernist definitions and approaches to a pre-modern era. France has by many regarded as one of the ‘founding fathers’ of the club of nations and has a long and rich history and thus makes a case-study for such an endeavour. I start with mapping the field of French identity formation in the thirteenth century, which mostly revolved around the royal court in Paris. With that established, I move on to the Hundred Years War and the consequences of this war for French identity. -
02 Chapter 1 Stoessel
Prologue La harpe de melodie faite saunz mirancholie par plaisir doit bien cescun resjorr pour l'armonie orr, sonner et vei'r. J With the prior verses begins one of the most fascinating musical works in the ars subtilior style, composed by the master musician Jacob de Senleches. This composer, as his name suggests, was a native of northern France whose scant biographical details indicate he was a valued musician at courts in the south at Castile, Navarre and possibly Avignon.2 La harpe de melodie typifies several aspects of the present study. Firstly, its presence in a n1anuscripe copied in the city of Pavia in Lombardy indicates the cultivation of ostensibly French music in the ars subtilior style in northern Italy. Secondly, its musical notation contains novel, experimental notational devices and note shapes that parallel intellectual developments in other fields of culture in this period. I "The melodious harp made without melancholy to please, well may each person rejoice to hear, sing and hear its harmony." (All translations are mine, unless otherwise specified.) 2 The conclusion that Jacob de Senleches was a native of northern France is made on the premise that Senleches is the near-homophone of Senlecques, a village just south of Calais in the County of Artois. The only surviving archival evidence concerning Jacob de Senleches consists of a dispensation made at the Court of Navarre by Charles II of Navarre on 21 sl August, 1383 which speCifies: ... 100 libras a Jacomill de Sen/aches, juglar de harpe, para regresar a donde se encontraba el cardenal de Aragon, su maestro (" 100 libras for Jacob de Senleches, player of the harp, to return to where he was to meet the Cardinal of Aragon, his master."), Jlid. -
Nobility in Middle English Romance
Nobility in Middle English Romance Marianne A. Fisher A dissertation submitted for the degree of PhD Cardiff University 2013 Summary of Thesis: Postgraduate Research Degrees Student ID Number: 0542351 Title: Miss Surname: Fisher First Names: Marianne Alice School: ENCAP Title of Degree: PhD (English Literature) Full Title of Thesis Nobility in Middle English Romance Student ID Number: 0542351 Summary of Thesis Medieval nobility was a compound and fluid concept, the complexity of which is clearly reflected in the Middle English romances. This dissertation examines fourteen short verse romances, grouped by story-type into three categories. They are: type 1: romances of lost heirs (Degaré, Chevelere Assigne, Sir Perceval of Galles, Lybeaus Desconus, and Octavian); type 2: romances about winning a bride (Floris and Blancheflour, The Erle of Tolous, Sir Eglamour of Artois, Sir Degrevant, and the Amis– Belisaunt plot from Amis and Amiloun); type 3: romances of impoverished knights (Amiloun’s story from Amis and Amiloun, Sir Isumbras, Sir Amadace, Sir Cleges, and Sir Launfal). The analysis is based on contextualized close reading, drawing on the theories of Pierre Bourdieu. The results show that Middle English romance has no standard criteria for defining nobility, but draws on the full range on contemporary opinion; understandings of nobility conflict both between and within texts. Ideological consistency is seldom a priority, and the genre apparently serves neither a single socio-political agenda, nor a single socio-political group. The dominant conception of nobility in each romance is determined by the story-type. Romance type 1 presents nobility as inherent in the blood, type 2 emphasizes prowess and force of will, and type 3 concentrates on virtue. -
A Visual Guide to Identifying Cats
A Visual Guide to Identifying Cats When cats have similar colors and patterns, like two gray tabbies, it can seem impossible to tell them apart! That is, until you take note of even the smallest details in their appearance. Knowledge is power, whether you’re an animal control officer or animal Coat Length shelter employee who needs to identify cats regularly, or you want to identify your own cat. This guide covers cats’ traits from their overall looks, like coat pattern, to their tiniest features, like whisker color. Let’s use our office cats as examples: • Oliver (left): neutered male, shorthair, solid black, pale green eyes, black Hairless whiskers, a black nose, and black Hairless cats have no fur. paw pads. • Charles (right): neutered male, shorthair, brown mackerel tabby with spots toward his rear, yellow-green eyes, white whiskers with some black at the roots, a pink-brown nose, and black paw pads. Shorthair Shorthair cats have short fur across As you go through this guide, remember that certain patterns and markings the entire body. originated with specific breeds. However, these traits now appear in many cats because of random mating. This guide covers the following features: Coat Length ...............................................................................................3 Medium hair Coat Color ...................................................................................................4 Medium hair cats have longer fur around the mane, tail, and/or rear. Coat Patterns ..............................................................................................6 -
Heraldic Terms
HERALDIC TERMS The following terms, and their definitions, are used in heraldry. Some terms and practices were used in period real-world heraldry only. Some terms and practices are used in modern real-world heraldry only. Other terms and practices are used in SCA heraldry only. Most are used in both real-world and SCA heraldry. All are presented here as an aid to heraldic research and education. A LA CUISSE, A LA QUISE - at the thigh ABAISED, ABAISSÉ, ABASED - a charge or element depicted lower than its normal position ABATEMENTS - marks of disgrace placed on the shield of an offender of the law. There are extreme few records of such being employed, and then only noted in rolls. (As who would display their device if it had an abatement on it?) ABISME - a minor charge in the center of the shield drawn smaller than usual ABOUTÉ - end to end ABOVE - an ambiguous term which should be avoided in blazon. Generally, two charges one of which is above the other on the field can be blazoned better as "in pale an X and a Y" or "an A and in chief a B". See atop, ensigned. ABYSS - a minor charge in the center of the shield drawn smaller than usual ACCOLLÉ - (1) two shields side-by-side, sometimes united by their bottom tips overlapping or being connected to each other by their sides; (2) an animal with a crown, collar or other item around its neck; (3) keys, weapons or other implements placed saltirewise behind the shield in a heraldic display. -
Imagereal Capture
113 The Law of Arms in New Zealand: A Response Gregor Macaulay* :Noel Cox has written that "Ifany laws of arms were inherited by New Zealand, it 'was the Law of Arms of England, in 1840",1 and that in England and l'Jew Zealand today "the Law of Arms is the same in each jurisdiction",2 The statements cannot both be true; each is individually mistaken; and the English la~N of arms is in any case unworkable in New Zealand. In England, the laws of arms may be defined as the law governing "the use of anms, crests, supporters and other armorial insignia [which] is to be found in the customs and usages of the [English] Court ofChivalry",3 "augmented either by rulings of the [English] kings of arms or by warrants from the Earl Marshal [of England]".4 There are several standard reference books in English heraldry, but not even one revised and edited by a herald may, in his own words, be considered "authoritative in any official sense",5 and a definitive volume detailing the law of arms of England has never been published. A basic difficulty exists, therefore, in knowing precisely what the content of the law is that is being discussed. Even in England there are some extraordinary lacunae. For instance, the English heralds seem not to know who may legally inherit heraldic badges.6 If the English law of arms of 1840 had been inherited by New Zealand it would have come within the ambit of the English Laws Act 1858 (succeeded by the English Laws Act 1908). -
Download the PDF Here
(We Would Like to Share) Our Blazon: Some Thoughts on a Possible School Badge (party) per bend sinister “The oblique stroke appears at first sight to be the signal that the binary opposition between categories (speech/ translated to English means: writing or love/hate) won’t hold — that neither of the words in opposition to each other is good for the fight. a blank shield with a single diagonal line running The stroke, like an over-vigilant referee, must keep them from the bottom left edge to the top right hand corner apart and yet still oversee the match.” —Steve Rushton The badge we would like to wear is two-faced — both founded on, and breaking from, established guidelines. Stripped to its Heraldry is a graphic language evolved from around 1130 ad to fundamentals, and described in heraldic vocabulary, it is UN- identify families, states and other social groups. Specific visual CHARGED. It is a schizophrenic frame, a paradox, a forward forms yield specific meanings, and these forms may be combined slash making a temporary alliance between categories, simultane- in an intricate syntax of meaning and representation. Any heraldic ously generic and/or specific. device is described by both a written description and its corre- sponding graphic form. The set of a priori written instructions is D/S called a Blazon — to give it form is to Emblazon. In order to ensure that the pictures drawn from the descriptions are accurate and reasonably alike, Blazons follow a strict set of rules and share a unique vocabulary. Objects, such as animals and shapes, are called Charges; colors are renamed, such as Argent for Silver or Or for Gold; and divisions are described in terms such as Dexter (“right” in Latin) and Sinister (“left”). -
Arms and the (Tax-)Man: the Use and Taxation of Armorial Bearings in Britain, 1798–1944
Arms and the (tax-)man: The use and taxation of armorial bearings in Britain, 1798–1944. Philip Daniel Allfrey BA, BSc, MSc(Hons), DPhil. Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MLitt in Family and Local History at the University of Dundee. October 2016 Abstract From 1798 to 1944 the display of coats of arms in Great Britain was taxed. Since there were major changes to the role of heraldry in society in the same period, it is surprising that the records of the tax have gone unstudied. This dissertation evaluates whether the records of the tax can say something useful about heraldry in this period. The surviving records include information about individual taxpayers, statistics at national and local levels, and administrative papers. To properly interpret these records, it was necessary to develop a detailed understanding of the workings of the tax; the last history of the tax was published in 1885 and did not discuss in detail how the tax was collected. A preliminary analysis of the records of the armorial bearings tax leads to five conclusions: the financial or social elite were more likely to pay the tax; the people who paid the tax were concentrated in fashionable areas; there were differences between the types of people who paid the tax in rural and urban areas; women and clergy were present in greater numbers than one might expect; and the number of taxpayers grew rapidly in the middle of the nineteenth century, but dropped off after 1914. However, several questions have to be answered before -
Tom Watson's Article
Joanna of Navarre, the “invisible” Queen of England by Natalia Rodríguez-Salcedo and Tom Watson Above the Cathedral’s north aisle and close to the crossing, is the window celebrating the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in 1936. Look higher up the window and you will see two other figures. (Fig 1) On the left is Henry IV and to the right is his second wife and queen-consort, Joan of Navarre, whom he married in 1403 at the Cathedral. The historical novelist Anne O’Brien recently called Joan (or Joanna) of Navarre (Juana de Navarra) a queen who was “more invisible than most” [1], but Joan was not only long-lived but a highly successful consort in two realms and once a regent. Fig 1 Images of Henry IV and Joan of Navarre in the Coronation Window designed by Hugh Easton Photos: Simon Newman Joan was probably born at Evreux in northern France on 10 July 1370, and died on 9 July 1437 at Havering-atte-Bower, Essex. [2] She was Duchess consort of Brittany and Queen consort of England. Joan was the regent of Brittany from 1399 until 1403 during the minority of her son John. 1 A member of the Evreux family, she was a daughter of King Charles II of Navarre (later called Charles the Bad) and Joan of Valois, daughter of Jean II of France. Aged sixteen she first married the nearly thirty-years-older Duke John IV of Brittany (Jean de Montfort), who had two English wives before her, at Saillé-près- Guérande on 2 September 1386. -
Introduction
Notes Introduction 1. 'Elizabeth R·. BBC (1992). 2. D. Cannadine. 'The Context. Perfonnance and Meaning of Ritual: The British Monarchy and the "Invention of Tradition". c. 1820-1977'. in The Inven tion of Tradition. E. Hobsbawm and T. Ranger (eds) (Cambridge. 1983) 101-64. Also see his 'Introduction: divine rights of kings'. in Rituals of Royalty. Cannadine and S. Price (eds) (Cambridge. 1987) 1-19. 3. 'Tradition. Continuity. Stability. Soap Opera'. The Economist. 22 Oct. 1994. 32. 4. E. Hobsbawm. 'Mass Producing Traditions: Europe. 1870-1914'. Invention of Tradition. 263-307. 5. Ibid .• 282. 6. 'The Not So Ancient Traditions of Monarchy'. New Society. 2 Jun. 1977. 438. This was a preliminary version of the essay that appeared in the Hobsbawm collection. 7. 'British Monarchy and the "Invention of Tradition"'. Invention of Tradition. 122. 8. Ibid .• 124. 9. Cannadine quoting Lady Longford. ibid .• 141. 10. Ibid .• 161. 11. D. Cannadine. The Pleasures of the Past (London. 1989) 30. 12. Ibid. 13. Ibid .• 259. 14. L. Colley. Britons, Forging the Nation 1707-1837 (New Haven and Lon don. 1992) ch. 5; idem. 'The Apotheosis of George ill: Loyalty. Royalty and the British Nation 1760-1820'. Past and Present. no. 102 (Feb. 1984) 94-129. See also M. A. Morris. 'Monarchy as an Issue in English Political Argument during the French Revolutionary Era'. PhD thesis. University of London. 1988. esp. ch. 7. 'Royalist Ritual and the Support of the State'. 15. L. Colley. 'Whose Nation? Class and National Consciousness in Britain 1750-1830'. Past and Present. no. 113 (November 1986) 117. 16. -
Flags and Banners
Flags and Banners A Wikipedia Compilation by Michael A. Linton Contents 1 Flag 1 1.1 History ................................................. 2 1.2 National flags ............................................. 4 1.2.1 Civil flags ........................................... 8 1.2.2 War flags ........................................... 8 1.2.3 International flags ....................................... 8 1.3 At sea ................................................. 8 1.4 Shapes and designs .......................................... 9 1.4.1 Vertical flags ......................................... 12 1.5 Religious flags ............................................. 13 1.6 Linguistic flags ............................................. 13 1.7 In sports ................................................ 16 1.8 Diplomatic flags ............................................ 18 1.9 In politics ............................................... 18 1.10 Vehicle flags .............................................. 18 1.11 Swimming flags ............................................ 19 1.12 Railway flags .............................................. 20 1.13 Flagpoles ............................................... 21 1.13.1 Record heights ........................................ 21 1.13.2 Design ............................................. 21 1.14 Hoisting the flag ............................................ 21 1.15 Flags and communication ....................................... 21 1.16 Flapping ................................................ 23 1.17 See also ............................................... -
Order of the British Empire (Obe)
OFFICER - ORDER OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE (OBE) X - OBE - 2019 Updated: 27 December 2020 Current to: 26 December 2020 CG PAGES: 78 Prepared by Surgeon Captain(N) John Blatherwick, CM CStJ OBC CD MD FRCP(C)LLD Governor General’s Foot Guards Royal Canadian Air Force / 107 University Squadron / 418 Squadron Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps HMCS Discovery / HMCS York / HMCS Protecteur 12 (Vancouver) Field Ambulance 1 OBE (military) awarded to the CANADIAN ARMY in WW1 (OBE) LG+ / CG NAME RANK UNIT DECORATIONS / 05/07/19 ACHESON, Thomas Stuart Hon Capt 7th Bn Manitoba Rifles OBE 08/02/19 ALDERSON, William Frederick Major CASC OBE 05/07/19 ALEXANDER, Kay Major Cdn Railway Troops OBE 05/07/19 ALLEN, Jesse Captain Canadian Infantry OBE 10/05/19 ALLEY, Herbert Rutton Major 1st Central Ontario Reg OBE 31/05/19 ANDERSON, Charles Harrison M. Major Canadian Forces OBE 29/03/19 ANDERSON, Frederick Walter Gale LCol Cdn Forestry Corps OBE 08/02/19 ARCHIBALD, George Grassie Major 1st Cent Ontario Reg OBE 05/07/19 ARMOUR, John Douglas Major Canadian Artillery OBE 08/02/19 ARMSTRONG, Nevill Alexander D. Captain 16th Bn Manitoba Reg OBE 09/02/18 ARMSTRONG, Francis Logie LCol In Charge of Cdn Forces OBE 05/07/19 BALL, John Clements Major Canadian Artillery DSO OBE 12/07/19 BAXTER, David Lionel MacKenzie Major CASC OBE 10/05/19 BELL, James MacKintosh Major Quebec Reg - for North Russia OBE 05/07/19 BENNETT, Allan Edward Kingston LCol CAMC OBE 12/05/19 BENTLEY, William Joseph LCol CADC OBE (MBE) 08/02/19 BIRCH, George Russell A/Major Cdn Ordnance Corps OBE 09/02/18 BIRKS, Gerald Walker LCol Canadian Forces OBE 05/07/19 BISSETT, James Captain CASC OBE 17/01/20 BLACKSTOCK, George Gooderham A/LCol Cdn Field Artillery OBE MC 05/07/19 BOVEY, Wilfred T/LCol 42nd Bn Cdn Infantry OBE 20/07/18 BROTHERS, Orlando Frank LCol British Columbia Regiment OBE 12/05/19 BROWN, Claude LCol CADC OBE 08/02/19 BROWN, Percy Gordon LCol CAMC OBE 08/02/19 BURGESS, John Frederick Major CAMC OBE 05/07/19 BURKE, Edmund Albert Captain Quebec Regiment OBE 29/03/19 BURTON, Robert Bruce Stalker Major Man.