The Lake in Your Community
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Pond and Lake Ecosystems a Pond Or Lake Ecosystem Includes Biotic
Pond and Lake Ecosystems A pond or lake ecosystem includes biotic (living) plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic (nonliving) physical and chemical interactions. Pond and lake ecosystems are a prime example of lentic ecosystems. Lentic refers to stationary or relatively still water, from the Latin lentus, which means sluggish. A typical lake has distinct zones of biological communities linked to the physical structure of the lake. (Figure below) The littoral zone is the near shore area where sunlight penetrates all the way to the sediment and allows aquatic plants (macrophytes) to grow. Light levels of about 1% or less of surface values usually define this depth. The 1% light level also defines the euphotic zone of the lake, which is the layer from the surface down to the depth where light levels become too low for photosynthesizers. In most lakes, the sunlit euphotic zone occurs within the epilimnion. However, in unusually transparent lakes, photosynthesis may occur well below the thermocline into the perennially cold hypolimnion. For example, in western Lake Superior near Duluth, MN, summertime algal photosynthesis and growth can persist to depths of at least 25 meters, while the mixed layer, or epilimnion, only extends down to about 10 meters. Ultra-oligotrophic Lake Tahoe, CA/NV, is so transparent that algal growth historically extended to over 100 meters, though its mixed layer only extends to about 10 meters in summer. Unfortunately, inadequate management of the Lake Tahoe basin since about 1960 has led to a significant loss of transparency due to increased algal growth and increased sediment inputs from stream and shoreline erosion. -
Ecosystem Services Generated by Fish Populations
AR-211 Ecological Economics 29 (1999) 253 –268 ANALYSIS Ecosystem services generated by fish populations Cecilia M. Holmlund *, Monica Hammer Natural Resources Management, Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden Abstract In this paper, we review the role of fish populations in generating ecosystem services based on documented ecological functions and human demands of fish. The ongoing overexploitation of global fish resources concerns our societies, not only in terms of decreasing fish populations important for consumption and recreational activities. Rather, a number of ecosystem services generated by fish populations are also at risk, with consequences for biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and ultimately human welfare. Examples are provided from marine and freshwater ecosystems, in various parts of the world, and include all life-stages of fish. Ecosystem services are here defined as fundamental services for maintaining ecosystem functioning and resilience, or demand-derived services based on human values. To secure the generation of ecosystem services from fish populations, management approaches need to address the fact that fish are embedded in ecosystems and that substitutions for declining populations and habitat losses, such as fish stocking and nature reserves, rarely replace losses of all services. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Ecosystem services; Fish populations; Fisheries management; Biodiversity 1. Introduction 15 000 are marine and nearly 10 000 are freshwa ter (Nelson, 1994). Global capture fisheries har Fish constitute one of the major protein sources vested 101 million tonnes of fish including 27 for humans around the world. There are to date million tonnes of bycatch in 1995, and 11 million some 25 000 different known fish species of which tonnes were produced in aquaculture the same year (FAO, 1997). -
Florida Lakes and Ponds Guidebook
Florida Lakes and Ponds Guidebook Florida has thousands of lakes and ponds that provide opportunities for recreation and valuable habitat for a wide diversity of plants and animals. However, over the years, many citizens of Florida have observed a decline in the health of their lakes and ponds. By choosing to read this guide you are taking the first step towards protecting your lake or pond. This manual is a starting point for concerned citizens who wish to learn about lake ecology and ways they can protect the future of their lake or pond. Photography provided courtesy of Pinellas County Communications Department u The first two chapters will help you understand the basic concepts of watersheds and the ecology of lakes and ponds. It covers the importance of a watershed approach to lake and pond protection and the ecology and cycles within a lake system. The following chapters address the main causes of reduced water quality and outline ways that you, as a concerned citizen, can adopt a proactive role in preventing further degradation to our waterbodies. The last section provides guidance for people who wish to go one step further and begin or join a lake association, apply for a grant or obtain additional education publications. Words in italics are defined in the glossary in the back of the book. By taking action today, we can protect our lakes and ponds for tomorrow. 1 Table of Contents Introduction Chapter 1: Understanding Watersheds 1.1 Watershed Information Chapter 2: Lake Basics 2.1 The Hydrologic Cycle 2.2 Thermal Stratification -
Part IV: Physical Processes
Part IV: Physical Processes IFS DOCUMENTATION { Cy45r1 Operational implementation 5 June 2018 PART IV: PHYSICAL PROCESSES Table of contents Chapter 1 Overview Chapter 2 Radiation Chapter 3 Turbulent transport and interactions with the surface Chapter 4 Subgrid-scale orographic drag Chapter 5 Non-orographic gravity wave drag Chapter 6 Convection Chapter 7 Clouds and large-scale precipitation Chapter 8 Surface parametrization Chapter 9 Methane oxidation Chapter 10 Ozone chemistry parametrization Chapter 11 Climatological data Chapter 12 Basic physical constants and thermodynamic functions References c Copyright 2018 European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Shinfield Park, Reading, RG2 9AX, England Literary and scientific copyrights belong to ECMWF and are reserved in all countries. This publication is not to be reprinted or translated in whole or in part without the written permission of the Director. Appropriate non-commercial use will normally be granted under the condition that reference is made to ECMWF. The information within this publication is given in good faith and considered to be true, but ECMWF accepts no liability for error, omission and for loss or damage arising from its use. IFS Documentation { Cy45r1 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS REVISION HISTORY Changes since CY43R3 • Chapter 6. Updates to parcel perturbations, phase of shallow clouds, positiveness of CAPE closure denominator, typos in previous versions. Added description of lightning parametrization. • Chapter 8. Updates for HRES now being coupled to NEMO. Changes since CY43R1 • Chapter 2. Aerosol climatological revision. • Chapter 6. Updates to sections on Large-scale budget equations, Freezing in convective updraughts, Generation of precipitation, Fallout of precipitation, Melting and freezing of precipitation, Link to the cloud scheme. -
Outline for Capitol Lake Faunal Analysis
FINAL REPORT Implications of Capitol Lake Management for Fish and Wildlife Prepared by: The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Marc P. Hayes Timothy Quinn Tiffany L. Hicks Prepared for: Capital Lake Adaptive Management Program Steering Committee 11 September 2008 Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ iii 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Historical Background and Physical Setting of Capitol Lake ................................... 1 1.2 Prior Faunal Surveys and Research ...................................................................... 7 1.3 Objectives .................................................................................................................. 7 2 Methods ......................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Species Assessment ................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Ecosystem Assessment ............................................................................................. 9 3 Results and Discussion ............................................................................................... 10 3.1 Species Present and Their Response .......................................................................... 10 3.1.1 Vertebrates ........................................................................................................... -
Ecological Features and Processes of Lakes and Wetlands
Ecological features and processes of lakes and wetlands Lakes are complex ecosystems defined by all system components affecting surface and ground water gains and losses. This includes the atmosphere, precipitation, geomorphology, soils, plants, and animals within the entire watershed, including the uplands, tributaries, wetlands, and other lakes. Management from a whole watershed perspective is necessary to protect and maintain healthy lake systems. This concept is important for managing the Great Lakes as well as small inland lakes, even those without tributary streams. A good example of the need to manage from a whole watershed perspective is the significant ecological changes that have occurred in the Great Lakes. The Great Lakes are vast in size, and it is hard to imagine that building a small farm or home, digging a channel for shipping, fishing, or building a small dam could affect the entire system. However, the accumulation of numerous human development activities throughout the entire Great Lakes watershed resulted in significant changes to one of the largest freshwater lake systems in the world. The historic organic contamination problems, nutrient problems, and dramatic fisheries changes in our Great Lakes are examples of how cumulative factors within a watershed affect a lake. Habitat refers to an area that provides the necessary resources and conditions for an organism to survive. Because organisms often require different habitat components during various life stages (reproduction, maturation, migration), habitat for a particular species may encompass several cover types, plant communities, or water-depth zones during the organism's life cycle. Moreover, most species of fish and wildlife are part of a complex web of interactions that result in successful feeding, reproduction, and predator avoidance. -
Aquatic Ecosystems Bibliography Compiled by Robert C. Worrest
Aquatic Ecosystems Bibliography Compiled by Robert C. Worrest Abboudi, M., Jeffrey, W. H., Ghiglione, J. F., Pujo-Pay, M., Oriol, L., Sempéré, R., . Joux, F. (2008). Effects of photochemical transformations of dissolved organic matter on bacterial metabolism and diversity in three contrasting coastal sites in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea during summer. Microbial Ecology, 55(2), 344-357. Abboudi, M., Surget, S. M., Rontani, J. F., Sempéré, R., & Joux, F. (2008). Physiological alteration of the marine bacterium Vibrio angustum S14 exposed to simulated sunlight during growth. Current Microbiology, 57(5), 412-417. doi: 10.1007/s00284-008-9214-9 Abernathy, J. W., Xu, P., Xu, D. H., Kucuktas, H., Klesius, P., Arias, C., & Liu, Z. (2007). Generation and analysis of expressed sequence tags from the ciliate protozoan parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis BMC Genomics, 8, 176. Abseck, S., Andrady, A. L., Arnold, F., Björn, L. O., Bomman, J. F., Calamari, D., . Zepp, R. G. (1998). Environmental effects of ozone depletion: 1998 assessment. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 46(1-3), 1-108. doi: Doi: 10.1016/s1011-1344(98)00195-x Adachi, K., Kato, K., Wakamatsu, K., Ito, S., Ishimaru, K., Hirata, T., . Kumai, H. (2005). The histological analysis, colorimetric evaluation, and chemical quantification of melanin content in 'suntanned' fish. Pigment Cell Research, 18, 465-468. Adams, M. J., Hossaek, B. R., Knapp, R. A., Corn, P. S., Diamond, S. A., Trenham, P. C., & Fagre, D. B. (2005). Distribution Patterns of Lentic-Breeding Amphibians in Relation to Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure in Western North America. Ecosystems, 8(5), 488-500. Adams, N. -
Aquatic Ecosystem Part 1 a SHORT NOTE for B.SC ZOOLOGY
2020 Aquatic ecosystem part 1 A SHORT NOTE FOR B.SC ZOOLOGY WRITTEN BY DR.MOTI LAL GUPTA ,H.O.D ,DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY,B.N.COLLEGE,PATNA UNIVERSITY [Type the author name] DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY,B.N COLLEGE, P.U 4/16/2020 Aquatic ecosystem part 1 2 1 Department of zoology,B.N College,P.U Page 2 Aquatic ecosystem part 1 3 Contents 1. Learning Objectives 2. Introduction 3. The Lentic Aquatic System Zonation in Lentic Systems Characteristics of Lentic Ecosystem Lentic Community Communities of the littoral zone Communities of Limnetic Zone Communities of Profundal Zone 4. Lake Ecosystem Thermal Properties of Lake Seasonal Cycle in Temperate Lakes Biological Oxygen Demand Eutrophy and Oligotrophy Langmuir Circulation and the Descent of the Thermocline Types of Lakes 5. State of Freshwater Ecosystems in Present Scenario Causes of Change in the properties of freshwater bodies Climate Change Change in Water Flow Land-Use Change Changing Chemical Inputs Aquatic Invasive Species Harvest Impact of Change on Freshwater Bodies Physical Transformations 6. Summary 2 Department of zoology,B.N College,P.U Page 3 Aquatic ecosystem part 1 4 1. Learning Objectives After the end of this module you will be able to 1. Understand the concept of fresh water ecosystem. 2. Understand the characteristics of the Lentic ecosystems. 3. Know the communities of lentic ecosystems and their ecological adaptations. 4. Know properties of Lake Ecosystems and their types. 5. Understand the major changes that are causing the threats to freshwaters ecosystems. 2. Introduction Freshwater ecology can be interpreted as interrelationship between freshwater organism and their natural environments. -
“Lake Ecosystems”. In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences
Lake Ecosystems Advanced article Nelson G Hairston Jr, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA Article Contents . Introduction Gregor F Fussmann, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada . Lake Thermal Structure . Lake Habitats, Processes and Food Chains . The Role of Nutrients . Trophic Control of the Food Chain Online posting date: 15th May 2014 Lakes are bodies of nonmarine standing water connected ecological and biogeochemical processes and their study by water flow and aerial inputs to their surrounding falls within the discipline of ‘limnology.’ Lakes are superb landscapes (watersheds). As relatively discrete ecosys- habitats for the study of ecosystem dynamics: interactions tems, the interplay between physical, biogeochemical among biological, chemical and physical processes are frequently either quantitatively or qualitatively distinct and organismal processes in them is especially clear, and from those on land or in air. As the boundaries between can be studied, understood and put to use in effective water and land, and water and air are distinct, there is tight management. Sunlight penetrating from the lake surface coupling among many ecosystem components. See also: provides energy that warms the surface water, energy for Ecosystem Boundaries; Evolutionary Responses to Cli- photosynthesis and an environment suitable for pre- mate Change; Invasion of Introduced Species dators that hunt by sight. The depth to which light Although lakes contain 50.01% of all the water on the penetrates is determined by the amount of suspended earth’s surface, they hold 498% of the liquid surface fresh particles (phytoplankton, organic and inorganic sedi- water. Many organisms depend on fresh water for survival, ments) and coloured organic chemical compounds dis- and humans frequently depend on lakes for a great many solved in the water. -
The Fringing Halophytic Vegetation of Lake Austin: a Study of Mining Impacts and Vegetation Dynamics
Edith Cowan University Research Online Theses : Honours Theses 2002 The fringing halophytic vegetation of Lake Austin: A study of mining impacts and vegetation dynamics Simone Vellekoop Edith Cowan University Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses_hons Part of the Environmental Monitoring Commons, and the Horticulture Commons Recommended Citation Vellekoop, S. (2002). The fringing halophytic vegetation of Lake Austin: A study of mining impacts and vegetation dynamics. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses_hons/580 This Thesis is posted at Research Online. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses_hons/580 Edith Cowan University Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorize you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. Where the reproduction of such material is done without attribution of authorship, with false attribution of authorship or the authorship is treated in a derogatory manner, this may be a breach of the author’s moral rights contained in Part IX of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). Courts have the power to impose a wide range of civil and criminal sanctions for infringement of copyright, infringement of moral rights and other offences under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. -
Aquatic Plants and Their Role in Lake Ecology
WD-BB-44 2019 Aquatic Plants and Their Role in Lake Ecology Aquatic plants are a common sight in New Hampshire’s waterbodies. Many lake residents, as well as visitors to New Hampshire’s numerous waterbodies, may question the importance and role of aquatic vegetation, particularly if plants are increasing or already high in abundance. One may ask whether these plants are beneficial or detrimental to the health of a lake ecosystem. This fact sheet will seek to address the most commonly asked questions and concerns regarding aquatic vegetation and their role in lake ecology. What Types of Aquatic Plants Live in My Lake? There are three common categories of aquatic vegetation: emergent, submergent and floating. The first category is often the first one encountered as you approach a lake or pond, and is called the “emergent” vegetation. Emergent vegetation is one of the most common types of aquatic vegetation and it grows with its roots down in the sediment and the majority of the shoots stick up out of the water. Submergent plants are those that are wholly underwater and may be rooted or unrooted. They are usually in depths of 2-10 or more feet. Floating leaved plants are those that have leaves that float on the surface of the water and can be rooted or unrooted. Smaller plants called phytoplankton, commonly known as algae, are also present in our waterbodies and, though present in the shallows near shore, are the primary plants found in off-shore, open water areas of lakes, where it is too deep for other vegetation to root. -
The Development of a Planktonic Index of Biotic Integrity
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PLANKTONIC INDEX OF BIOTIC INTEGRITY FOR LAKE ERIE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Douglas D. Kane, B.S., M.S. ***** The Ohio State University 2004 Dissertation Committee: Dr. David A. Culver, Adviser Dr. Paul C. Baumann Approved by Dr. Steven I. Gordon Dr. Michael A. Hoggarth _______________________________ Dr. Jeffrey M. Reutter Adviser Dr. Roy A. Stein Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology ABSTRACT Herein, I provide a water quality monitoring tool for the offshore waters of Lake Erie. The Planktonic Index of Biotic Integrity (P-IBI) was developed using Lake Erie zooplankton and phytoplankton data. I reviewed literature related to Indices of Biotic Integrity and plankton ecology (Chapter 1). To construct a valid IBI, I conducted temporal and spatial analyses for different parameters of Lake Erie plankton and plankton sampling regimens (Chapter 2). Using this information, I then determined appropriate temporal and spatial sampling frequency needed for the P-IBI. Further, using Lake Erie monitoring data I provide information on the invasive predatory cladoceran, Cercopagis pengoi (Chapter 3), and on the temporal and spatial distribution of Limnocalanus macrurus (Chapter 4), a pollution intolerant calanoid copepod. The P-IBI was developed using phytoplankton and zooplankton data from 1970 and 1996, validated with respect to total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations, and applied to approximately 10 years of Lake Erie plankton data (Chapter 5). P-IBI candidate zooplankton metrics included an abundance ratio of calanoid copepods to cladocerans and cyclopoid copepods, percentage density of large Daphnia, rotifer composition, density of the calanoid copepod Limnocalanus macrurus, percentage biomass of the predatory invasive zooplankters Bythotrephes and Cercopagis, biomass of crustacean zooplankton/ biomass of phytoplankton, and biomass of crustacean zooplankton.