KINGDOM of CAMBODIA Royal Goverment of Cambodia 4Th, 5Th

Translation

KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA NATION RELIGION KING 7

Royal Goverment of Cambodia

th th th 4 , 5 and 6 National Report On The implementation of Convention on the Rights of the Child in Cambodia

2008-2018

Prepaired by: Cambodia National Council for Children

Contents

Page I. Introduction ------1 A. Country Profile ------1 1. Demographic Characteristics ------1 B. Economic------1 C. Process of the report ------1 II. General Measure of Implementation ------2 A. Legal Framework ------2 B. Implementing Mechanism and Coordination ------2 C. Allocation of Resource ------3 D. National Action Plan ------4 E. International Assistance and Development Aid ------5 F. Independent Monitoring Institution ------6 G. Dissemination and Awareness Raising ------6 H. Training of Professionals ------7 I. Data Collection ------7 J. Collaboration with Civil Society ------8 III. Definition of the child ------9 IV. General Principles ------9 A. Non-discrimination ------9 B. Best Interest of the Child ------11 C. Right to life, Survival and Development ------12 D. Respect of Child View ------14 V. Civil Right and Freedom ------15 A. Birth Registration, Name and Nationality ------15 B. Protection of Identity ------15 C. Freedom of Expression------16 D. Freedom of Thought, Conscience and Religion ------16 E. Freedom of Association ------16 F. Protection of Privacy and Image ------17 G. Access to Information ------17 H. Roles of Media ------18

i VI. Violence against Children ------18 A. Abuse and Neglect ------18 B. Corporal Punishment ------20 C. Sexual Exploitation and Abuse ------21 D. Torture or other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading treatment or Punishment ------22 E. Measures to promote recovery and Social Reintegration of Child Victims ------24 F. Child Helplines ------25 VII. Family Environment and Alternative Care ------26 A. Family Environment and Parental Guidance, and Parents’ Responsibilities ------26 B. Separation from Parents------26 C. Family Reunification ------26 D. Recovery and Care for the child ------27 E. Children Deprived of a Family Environment ------27 F. Periodic Review of Placement ------28 G. Adoption ------28 H. Eviction of Children and their Families from their Land ------29 I. Children with Incarcerated mothers ------30 VIII. Disabilities, Basic health and Welfare ------31 Disability ------31 A. Data on Children with Disabilities ------32 B. Adoption of Policy for Early Screening, Identification, Early intervention and Prevention------32 C. Provision of Basic Services for Child with Disability with the Responsibilities of the State ------32 D. Health Specialist Training and Mobile Clinic ------33 E. Awareness Raising Programs with Assistance of the Media, Civil Society and Community Leaders ------33 F. Special Education, Non Formal Education and Teacher Training Adoption to Various Types of Disabilities ------33 G. Ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities ------34 H. Consideration of the Committee’s General Comment No.9 of 2006 on the Rights of Children with Disabilities ------34 Basic Health and Welfare ------34 A. Survival and Development ------34

ii B. Health and Health Services, In Particular Primary Health Care ------34 C. Efforts to address Health Challenges ------35 D. Adolescents’ Reproductive Health Rights ------36 Adolescent Friendly Services ------37 E. Detoxification, Treatment and Rehabilitation in Accordance with Human Rights Standards ------38 Recommendation No. 4 (2003): Adolescent Health and Development ------38 F. Measures to Protection Children from Substance abuse ------39 G. Social Security and Living Standards ------39 H. Standard of Living ------40 I. HIV/AIDS ------40 IX. Education, Leisure and Culture Activities ------41 Education ------41 Leisure ------41 Culture Rights of Indigenous and Minority Children ------42 Human and Political Rights ------42 Relaxation, Leisure, Recreation and Culture and Artistic Activities ------42 X. Special Protection Measures ------44 A. Refugees and Asylum Seekers ------44 B. Children of Vietnamese Origin ------44 C. Children Living in Street ------45 D. Children in Exploitation Situations ------46 D.1. Economic Exploitation, including Child Labor ------46 - Child Domestic Workers ------46 D.2. The Use of Children in the Illicit Production and Trafficking of Substance ------47 D.3. Sexual Exploitation and Abuse ------47 D.4. Sale, Trafficking and Abduction of Children ------47 D.5. Other Form of Exploitation ------48 E. Children in Conflict with the Law, Child Victim and Witnesses of Crime ------49 E.1. Child Justice ------49 E.2. Protection of Witnesses and Victims of Crime ------50 E.3. Children Deprived of their Liberty------51 E.4. Death Penalty of Children and Life Imprisonment ------51 E.5. Rehabilitation and Reintegration ------51

iii E.6. Dissemination and Training of the Juvenile Justice Law ------51 F. Children in Armed conflict, including Physical and Psychological Recovery and Social Reintegration ------51 XI. Follow up to the Implementation of the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Child Trafficking, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography ------52 A. Data Collection ------52 B. General Measures of Implementation ------52 B.1. National Action Plan ------52 B.2. Coordination ------52 B.3. Dissemination and Awareness raising ------52 C. Prevention of Child Trafficking, Prostitution and Pornography ------54 C.1. Measures Adoption to Prevent Offence Prohibition under the Protocol ------54 C.2. Child Sex Tourism ------55 D. Prohibition of Child Trafficking, Pornography and Child Prostitution and Related Issues ------55 D.1. Existing Criminal and Other Laws and Regulations ------55 D.2. Impunity ------55 D.3. Extraterritorial Jurisdiction and Extradition ------56 E. Protection of the Rights of Child Victims ------56 E.1.Measures Adopted to Protect the Rights and Interests of Child Victims of Offences Prohibition under the Optional Protocol ------56 E.2. Criminal Justice System and Protection Measure ------56 E.3. Recovery and Reintegration of Victims ------57 F. International Assistance and Cooperation ------57 F.1. Multilateral, Bilateral and Regional Agreement ------57 F.2. International Cooperation ------57 G. Ratification of the Optional on a Communication Procedures ------58 H. Follow up and Dissemination ------58 H.1. Follow Up ------58 H.2. Dissemination of the Concluding Observation ------58 XII. Follow Up to the Optional Protocol to the CRC on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict ------58 A. General Measures of Implementation ------58 A.1. Coordination ------58

iv A.2. Independent Monitoring ------58 A.3. Dissemination, Awareness Raising and Training ------95 B. Data ------59 C. Prevention ------59 C.1. Age Verification Procedure ------59 D. Prohibition and Related Issues ------59 D.1. Existing Criminal Legislation and Provisions ------59 D.2. Extraterritorial Jurisdiction and Extradition ------59 E. Protection, Recovery and Reintegration ------60 E.1. Measures Adoption to Protect the Rights of Child Victims ------60 E.2. Assistance for Physical and Psychological Recovery ------60 F. International Assistance and Cooperation ------60 G. Ratification of the Optional Protocol on Complaint Procedure ------60 H. Follow Up and Dissemination ------60 XIII. Ratification of International Human Rights Instruments ------61 XIV. Cooperation with Regional and International Bodies ------61

------

v INTRODUCTION

1. The Kingdom of Cambodia ratified to the CRC on 15 October 1992. In the Concluding Observation on the combined 2nd and 3rd Reports, the CRC Committee recommended Cambodia to submit its next combined 4th to 6th Reports covering the period from 2008 to 2018 not later than 13th May 2018.

A. Country Profile 1. Demographic Characteristics 2. Cambodia has a population of approximately 15,981,798 in 2018. 28.50% of the populations are 0-14 years old and 66.50% are 15-64 years old. The average density per km2 is 90 in 20181. The total number of families rose from 2,817,637 in 2008 to 3,163,226 in 20132.

From 2005 to 2014, the under-5 mortality rate declined from 83 deaths per 1,000 livebirths to 35, the infant mortality rate declined from 66 deaths to 283, while the mother mortality rate declined from 472 deaths per 100,000 live births to 1704, and the fertility rate from 3.4 to 2.75.

2. Economy 3. The last years, the GDP has been growing at an average of 7.7% per annum, and the annual per capita GDP is USD 1,579 in 20186. The poverty rate dropped from 53% in 2004 to 13.5% in 2014, this means that Cambodia has well achieved the CMDGs in reducing the percentage of people whose income is under the poverty line7. Around 53% of families have access to safe water in 2016, and 55% of population in the community receive rural sanitation services8. The rural electricity supply covers 13,803 villages out of the total of 14,364 villages all over the country (96%)9.

B. Process of the Report 4. In February 2017, the Cambodian National Council for Children (CNCC) established a Core Group10 composed of 18 members from the CNCC Secretariat, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and development partners (DPs) to work collaboratively with a group of consultants to draft this combined report. The draft report has been reviewed 10 times by the core group and twice by the Planning and Reporting Committee on Child Rights. It is further reviewed throught the Consultation Workshop with Children on 11 December 2017, the Sub-National Consultation on 23 February 2018, the

National Consultation on 28 March 2018, and the plenary session of the CNCC on 26 April 2018.

II- GENERAL MEASURES OF IMPLEMENTATION (Arts. 4, 42 and 44, para.6) 5. The long term vision of the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) is to move forwards, after moving up from low-income country status to that of lower-middle income in 2015, to reach the status of an upper-middle income country by 203011. The importance has been given to human resource development with quality, capacity and equity, which shall start with upholding child’s rights in all aspects, including the beginning of life and early childhood development, and especially the care for poor and disadvantaged children.

A. Legal Framwork CO No. 9 6. Numerous laws, regulations, policies, National Action Plans (NAPs) and mechanisms related to child protection have been adopted and enforced during the reporting period. The State competent authorities took decisions related to children based on the CRC and in accordance with facts or actual situations.

7. Cambodia was considering the possibility of adopting a separated law on child protection. The CNCC has conducted a thorough analysis of existing laws and dispositions related to child protection12; as a result, a Compendium of Child Protection Laws, Policies & Functions was printed in 2012. Base on this study, the Secretariat of the CNCC is now seeking support and resources to develop a separated law on child protection.

8. Since 2008, numerous Laws, Regulations and Policies have been adopted, especially the Law on Inter-Country Adoption (ICA Law) and the Law on Juvenile Justice (JJ Law).

For detailed information, please see Appendix I. Laws and Regulations related to Children adopted between 2008 and 2018.

B. Implementing Mechanism and Coordination CO No. 11

9. The structure of the CNCC, which is an inter-ministerial body with members from 27

ministries/institutions, has been revised in 200913 to have its structures down to the 25 Capital/provinces, and to create Working Groups (WGs) for Children in 9 ministries/ institutions. The number of staff has been increased accordingly, and the capacity of all staffs has been built.

The CNCC has established a National Child Protection Commission14, whose role is to coordinate and collaborate with ministries, institutions, local and international NGOs, DPs as well as with the private sector.

10. As a coordinating mechanism, the CNCC monitors children’s situation and makes the recommendations to the RGC. Serving as local mechanisms located closer to the children, the Capital/provincial structures coordinate and advise the CNCC at central level, while the WGs for Children in ministries/institutions have the role to coordinate and advice for the realization of child rights within their entities. The CNCC has no structure down to district/khan and commune/sangkat level; however, the RGC established in 2009 the Capital/Province/City/District/Khan Women and Children Consultative Committee (WCCC) and in 2010 the Sangkat/Commune Committee for Women and Children (CCWC), that play roles in social development related to mother and baby health, community preschool, hygiene, gender equality and especially child protection at Sub-National level.

Besides the CNCC, there are sectorial mechanisms to ensure effective coordination on CRC implementation.

Please see the Annex on point 3. Child Protection Coordinating Mechanism.

C. Allocation of Resources CO No. 17

11. Cambodia has successively increased the national budget in social sectors, especially education and health. Child rights based approach has not been used to elaborate national budget that visibly show the investment on children; the budget has been allocated in according to the requests of ministries/institutions, based on their program activities and on national budget possibilities.

The CNCC has a separate budget within the annual budget of MoSVY. It has the right to receive and manage any fund received from international collaboration and other resources for its works.

The budget of the communes/sangkats has been disbursed in accordance with the needs of each of them (please see point 19 below).

Please see Annex on point A1. Allocation of Resources to Social Sector.

D. National Action Plan

CO No. 13 12. The National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) 2014-2018 was formulated for the implementation of the Rectangular Strategy (RS) III of the government. To achieve the targets set out in this NSDP and the RS III, the RGC has adopted the Social Protection Policy Framework (SPPF) 2016-2025 that focuses on two main pillars, the Social Support System and the Social Security System.

13. To participate to the implementation of the 2014-2018 NSDP, the CNCC has developed the NAP on Child Development 2016-2018 that is the first plan with broad coordination, and serves as a master plan for all ministries, institutions, DPs and all those concerned for the preparation and implementation of their own plan focused on children, so as to contribute to the improvement of children’s living conditions and give them access to equal rights and opportunity for their development and progress in harmony.

The CNCC has also developed the Strategic Plan of the CNCC 2014-2018, whose strategic priorities include strengthening of monitoring system and child protection mechanism15.

14. There were several sectorial plans on children, especially in Education: - The NAP on Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) 2014-2018 - The Multilingual-Education National Action Plan (MENAP) 2015-201816.

15. The National Committee for Counter Trafficking (NCCT) has launched its NAP on the Suppression of Human Trafficking, Smuggling, Labour, and Sexual Exploitation 2011- 2013 as a roadmap for the implementation at national and sub-national level, as well as at international level, and then adopted the 2014-2018 NAP of the NCCT17.

16. The National Multi-sectorial Orphans and Vulnerable Children Task Force (NOVCTF) launched the National Strategic Plan on OVC 2013-2018 with the aiming at strengthening the care, support and protection for the OVC, and to address their root causes.

17. The Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training (MoLVT) had the 2008-2012 NAP to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour, and the 2016-2025 NAP on the Reduction of Child Labour and Elimination of Worst Forms of Child Labour. Please see point 127 below for details.

18. The Ministry of Women’s Affairs (MoWA) had plans on gender issues and led the development of the Action Plan to Prevent and Respond to Violence Against Children 2017-2021.

Please see points 59 and 77 below for details.

19. In March 2017, the Ministry of Interior (MoI) and the Ministry of Planning (MoP) issued a Technical Guidelines on the Preparation and Elaboration of the 3-Year Rolling Plan of the commune/sangkat, and the Technical Guidelines on the Preparation and Elaboration of the Commune/Sangkat Development Plan. Both guidelines state that the commune/sangkat council has the duty to develop the 3-Year Rolling Plan and the Development Plan, and ensure they are comprehensive and address the needs of the population, especially women, children, people with disabilities (PwD), youth and the vulnerable18.

20. In the elaboration of all NAP, the following concepts have been taken into consideration as mentioned in the General Comment No.5 2003 on the General Measures of Implementation of the CRC: 1) children are the subject of rights; 2) inclusion of child rights concepts in state authorities; 3) direct implementation of the CRC provisions; 4) duty of the private sector in the CRC implementation as raised in the General Comments No. 5 (2003) on General Measures of Implementation of the CRC.

The 2007 Decision of the Constitutional Council19 stipulated that, as principle at case trial, a judge shall not only rely on the “law..”, which refers here to the Constitution and domestic laws in force as well as the international conventions that Cambodia has ratified.

E. International Assistance and Development Aid

21. The RGC continues to receive the collaboration and cooperation especially from UN Agencies and DPs, such as UNICEF, UNDP, WHO, WFP, UNFPA, FAO, UNESCO, UNOHCHR, ILO, the EC and bilateral aids.

F. Independent Monitoring Institution

CO No. 15

22. The establishment of a National Human Rights Institution (NHRI) has been initiated since 2006, with the agreement of Samdech Akkak Mohasenabadei Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia.

The working groups from the RGC (represented by the Cambodian Human Rights Committee - CHRC) and from the Civil Society (CSO) met several times in 2009 to discuss the draft law on the Establishment of a NHRI, which was finished in February 2010. The CHRC is now urging the finalization of this draft law, and organized a workshop in 2017 on the subject “A National HR Institution”.

Despite an independent monitoring mechanism for children has not been created, Cambodia has considered, in the present context, to have specialized units within the Court of first instance as necessary, such as Child Chamber or Family Chamber20.

In 2009, the ASEAN Community established the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR) to be a driving force and to take note of the promotion and protection of HR in ASEAN. The Asian Human Rights Declaration (AHRD) was adopted in November 2012 in Phnom Penh, which shows the commitment of ASEAN members in the protection of HR and basic freedom of ASEAN population.

G. Dissemination and Awareness Raising

CO No. 21

23. The dissemination and awareness raising of the CRC were made through different activities such as the media, the incorporation into the school program, the training of professionals, and the organization of special events, with the cooperation between the state institutions, the local authorities, local and international NGOs, DPs and the Private Sector. The Ministry of Information disseminated CRC programs through national radios and TVs, at national level as well at sub-national level. MoEYS incorporated child rights into the school program from grade 4 upward. The CNCC collaborated with NGOs, such as Plan International, to disseminate the CRC to the provincial CNCC in Ratanakiri, Tbaung Khmum and Siem Reap.

24. The NGOs Coalition on the Rights of the Child (NGOCRC) provided the CRC training to representatives of Child Advocates Network (CAN) who cascaded the training to their branches in 12 Capital/ provinces. The Child Rights Foundation (CRF) provided CRC training to the representatives of Cambodia Children and Young People Movement for Child Rights (CCYMCR) who also cascade the training to their members in 13 cities and provinces. The members of both groups also disseminate the CRC to their parents and to the local authorities.

25. After reception of the CO. on the 2nd and 3rd combined Report on the implementation of the CRC, the RGC issued the Guidelines No. 0821 urging related ministries and institutions to effectively perform their duties. The CNCC then organized successive workshops to disseminate both the CO and the Guidelines.

Similarly for the CO. on the 1st and 2nd Report on the Implementation of both Optional Protocols to the CRC: the CNCC organized workshops to disseminate the RGC Circular No. 0422, and collaborated with the Ministry of Industry and Handicraft to disseminate the CRC and the two OPs to all officers of the Department of Industry and Handicraft and related private sectors in the 25 Capital/provinces.

H. Training of Professionals CO No. 23

26. So far, the training of professionals has not focused only on the CRC. Most of the CRC principles and provisions have been incorporated into the training of basic and special laws as well as into the new NAPs and Policies related to child rights. In all training, there are participants from different ministries/institutions, and also from the CSOs.

For detailed information, please see Annex on point 2. Information on training of professionals.

I. Data Collection CO No. 19

27. The establishment of a comprehensive database on children is not yet possible; only the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) of the Ministry of Planning (MoP) provides data related to children. Hence, the CNCC has collaborate with NIS on incorporation of 66 indicators on child rights, grouped in 4 clusters; namely, education, governance,

health and nutrition, and social welfare; which are available and can be found in CamInfo, in www.caminfo.gov.kh.

Besides this there were sectorial Databases such as the Health Information System (HIS), the database related to child health and nutrition, the Education Management Information System (EMIS), the Child Case Management Information System (OSCAR), and the database in judicial system.

J. Collaboration with Civil Society CO No. 25

28. The RGC considers CSOs as an important partner for national development, and encourages them to participate in the national socio-economic development, the improvement of democracy and Human Rights, and to monitor the implementation of policies and development strategies23. So far, CSOs have actively participated in the establishment, implementation and monitoring and evaluation of child rights related policies, plans and programs.

Local and International NGOs have been participating in the realization of child rights through several programs and activities, such as ECCD, child protection, nutrition, education and WASH24.

CHILD RIGHTS AND THE BUSINESS SECTOR

CO No. 27

29. MoLVT issued several Prakas to ensure that the business sector complies with national and international standards, please see Appendix I: List of Child Related new Laws and Regulations Adopted between 2008 and 2018.

At the present time, the general population as well as businessmen and merchants have better awareness on chid rights. The employers in rubber plantations, fishery, salt fields and agriculture have well collaborated during the removal of children from the worst forms of child labour. The Cambodian Federation of Employers and Business Associations (CAMFEBA) has launched a Plan of Action on the Elimination of Child Labor in Cambodia 2012-2016. The Micro-Finance Institutions have also collaborated in the enhancement of child rights, for instance, Kredit collaborated with commune councilors in 125 communes of 6 provinces from 2015 to 2017, and plan to expand this work to 100 more communes in 5 provinces from 2018 to 2019.

The Guide Book on Corporation Responsibilities in Respecting HR developed by the UN in 2012 has been translated in Khmer and disseminated free of charge.

As for the number of under-aged children removed from work, please see Annex on point I2. Economic exploitation of children, including child labor.

30. COMMITTEE’S GENERAL COMMENTS NO. 2 (2002), NO. 5 (2003) AND NO. 16 (2013) As underlined in point 22 above, Cambodia started the establishment of an independent national mechanism in according to the Paris Principle, as recommended in the Committee’s recommendation No. 2 (2002). Such task shall be made through the development of a law with broad participation which requires time, resources as well as coordination and harmonization to ensure its attainment and effectiveness. In between 2008 and 2018, Cambodia adopted main laws to ensure that children are provided all rights as stated in the CRC.

Child-friendly procedure is new for Cambodia, new laws have been adopted while there is lack of human resources, especially social workers. In practice, the provisions in domestic laws are used as the basis for court decisions, in spite of the CRC. So far, a comprehensive assessment and evaluation of the laws, policies and the application of business rules on children has not be conducted. Cambodia will seek the possibility to carry out such work.

III. DEFINITION OF THE CHILD (Art. 1) 31. The definition of “minor” refers in general to individual under 18.

For detailed information on percentage of the population under 18 years old, disaggregated by age, sex and location, please see Annex on point B. Definition of the Child.

IV. GENERAL PRINCIPLES (Art. 2, 3, 6 and 12) A. Non-discrimination CO No. 29

32. The State protects the rights of children without any discrimination25. Any discrimination related to refusal to supply goods or services, conditional supply of goods or services, refusal to hire, and termination of employment or removal from

office, and the denial of rights by public officials on discriminatory grounds shall be punished. 33. Although an evaluation on accessibility to rights by children has not been undertaken, the discrimination against girls, the gender-based attitude as well as the practices of low status of women and girls in the community have been much reduced through some measures, as following: a. the creation of state institutions and mechanisms like the Ministry of Women’s Affairs (MoWA) and the Cambodian National Council for Women (CNCW), b. the criminalization of denial of rights by public officials on gender-based discriminatory grounds26, c. the increasing number of girls enrolled in school and women in public and private positions, d. the dissemination of CEDAW by gender WGs of ministries/institutions to subordinated officials.

34. There is unequal development between the cities and the rural areas and between different geographical areas27. To respond to these, several measures have been taken which include the establishment of the National Committee for Sub-national Democratic Development (NCDD).

35. There are road repairing and construction everywhere. New schools were constructed so that there is almost a lower secondary school in every commune/sangkat, and the teachers have been encouraged to go and work in remote areas. For healthcare, there is a health centre for every one or two communes with the population between 8,000 to 12,000 people, and a referral hospital in each operational district with the population between 100,000 to 200,000 people. Where a health centre cannot be established due to there were less population, a health post is available in the area.

Besides the Social Protection Strategy for the Poor and the Vulnerable (NSPS) 2011- 2015 the RGC set out the 2016-2025 NSPPF to accelerate progress towards the CMDGs realization and to determine a long-term roadmap which based on 2 main pillars; namely, social support system and social security system28; it has also adopted the National Policy on Development of Indigenous Minorities in April 2009 to improve their living conditions, education and health care.

The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MoEYS) is implementing the inclusive education programs from pre-school to secondary schools, and has established the

multi-lingual education program for indigenous children in the North-East provinces to increase the school enrollment and reduce school drop-outs.

36. One of the strategic objectives of the RGC was to improve the status of women29. The RGC has increased the scholarship and dormitory for female students and improved healthcare and nutrition for women and children and thereby the gender gaps and mother and child mortality rate are reduced. In April 2017, within the framework of the national program to uphold the gender equality and to extend the woman’s courage, the NCDD Secretariat collaborated with MoWA, MoI and related ministries in developing a Strategic Plan to Increase number of women at sub-national Administration.

Additional information on the works of MoWA, please see point No. 58 below and Appendix II – Achievement of the CMDGs on Goals No.3.

B. Best Interest of the Child

CO No. 31

37. In all activities related to children, such as the development of plans, strategies, laws or regulations, the best interest of the child has always been taken into account, through the invition of children’s representative to express their views and concerns.

The principle on the best interest of the child has been incorporated in laws, regulations and policies related to children, especially the newly-adopted laws.

38. The JJ Law of 201630 aims at safeguarding the rights and best interests of alleged minors, supporting their rehabilitation and reintegration into society and community, and protecting society’s and community’s interest31. The basic principle of the law provides that all persons performing any minor-related function shall consider primarily on actions concerning to the best interest of minors. The court shall consider cases of minor as priorities, and shall consider applying diversion32.

39. The ICA Law of 2009 provides that in all decisions and actions concerning ICA, the best interests of the child shall be of paramount consideration.

40. The 2011 Law on Prison provides that juvenile detainees shall be separated from adult detainees. Children accompanying their mother shall be authorized to stay with the mother in prison until the age of 3. The accompanying children aged 3 and above, having no guardian to take care outside prison, shall be under the care of the Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation (MoSVY). Special attention shall

be paid to the particular needs of juvenile-convicted prisoners for education, vocational training, rehabilitation and reintegration33.

C. Right to Life, Survival and Development

41. The RGC has realized efforts to reduce the population poverty and hunger through economic, social and sectorial development, focusing mainly on the support given to the poor and creating the opportunity for the improvement of their livelihood and income generation in rural areas.

Please see Appendix II – Report on Achievement of the 2003-2015 MCDGs, Goal No.1.

The Ministry of Health (MoH) applied child’s health care in connection with the health care of women during pregnancy, before – during – and after delivery, and the care of the new born as well as toddlers until the child grows up. The ministry has increased the coverage of access to pre-natal care, safe delivery, post-natal care, the emergency services, the baby care with quality, and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission by providing 11 mandatory vaccines; the ministry also encourages breast feeding, the monitoring of child development, the provision of micro-nutrients and vitamins, the deworming and the treatment of children chronically under-nourished34.

The RGC has a program on identification of the poor households for social assistance through the support for the poor and vulnerable, including baby and children. Special attention has been paid on small children during the 1,000 days of their development35.

The Cambodian Red Cross has implemented a program on community health promotion in 25 city and provinces through the provision of hygienic latrines, hand washing facilities, community and school wells and ponds, and also the provision of nutrition and referral of pregnant women to appropriate services36.

CO. No. 33 42. Drowning The Law on Disaster Management was adopted in 2015. The reduction of disaster risks has been streamlined into the planning of education, health and agriculture. The Ministry of Economics and Finance (MoEF) has established a reserved food system to respond during time of disaster37.

There were incidences of drowning taken place due to the fact that Cambodian villages/communes are mostly surrounded by rivers, lakes and ponds, and flood each year during the rainy season.

In 2007, MoEYS has collaborated with MoH developing a Handbook on the Prevention and Rescue of Victims of Accidents and Injuries, which was streamlined into the school program from grade 1 to grade 9, and also trained to teachers and community authorities. Currently, some NGOs38 have volunteers who provide swimming lessons to children in the community and trainings on how to help rescuing drowned people.

The CNCC has collaborated with NIS conducting a study on the impacts of the flood in 2011 on children’s health, education and plays and on income generation activities. The study provided some recommendations, such as 1. Building of school and health centres on an highland areas, 2. Having special programs to assist victims of flood, 3. Cooperation among relevant partners, 4. Flood preparedness, and 5. Necessary assistance for continuation of education after flood.

The Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology (MoWRAM) implemented several projects related to vulnerability reduction such as the prevention of flash flood, setting up pumping stations, and the timely dissemination of information on wealther39.

43. Traffic Accidents The Handbook on the Prevention and Rescue of Victims of Accidents and Injuries also introduces measures on how to prevent the road accidents, especially to prevent head and bone injuries, first aid principles and the land traffic law.

The 2014 Land Traffic Law has been presented to students in education institutes to inform them about the traffic signs, how and when to use lighting and sound of vehicle, and what to do when there is a traffic accident. In 2015, the RGC has issued the Sub-Decree No. 86 on Vehicle Speed Limit to reduce traffic accidents.

For additional information on percentage of children injured or died in accidents, please see Annex on point C1. Rights to life, Survival and Development.

44. Mines Cambodia has added an additional goal on the UN 8 MDGs goals: clearance of mine and ERW. The RGC issued the National Mine Action Strategy 2010-2019 to reduce

mine/ERW casualties and other negative impacts and promote stability and regional and international disarmament.

The RGC has also established a WG to manage, monitor and collect the data regarding access to services for mine/ERW victims so as to prepare a report in the name of state party to the Ottawa Convention40.

For more information, please see Appendix II – Report on Achievement of the CMDG 2003-2015, Goal No. 9.

D. Respect of Child View CO No. 35

45. Children are free to express their views in all issues related to them, including the legal procedures, alternative care, protection as well as the determination and implementation of a solution in an appropriate period of time. Children’s views are taken into consideration in according to their age, maturity, capacity, and their best interests. These were obvious examples, inter alia, in the case of divorce and adoption: despite the minor does not yet reach the age of 15 years old, when the minor can express intention, the court shall ask the child’s opinion before making the decision41.

Every year children and youth participate in all events related to them to express their opinions and needs to the RGC. Children representatives participated in social activities and meetings at national, sub-national, regional and international levels.

The CNCC developed a Guideline for the Implementation of Child Participation42 that provides key facilitating steps for those who are working with children43. Many NGOs also have their policy related to child participation.

A Children and Policy Makers Forum has been organized every year since 2014, with the participation of around 200 children’s representatives from all Capital/provinces. Children are allowed to raise their concerns and suggestions to the RGC for its consideration. With the children’s suggestion, the 1st June public holiday has been kept up by the RGC.

The WCCC in the Capital/Provincial and Khan/District Councils must invite the representatives of committees and departments working for women and children to participate in their meetings44. Some communes that are supported by NGOs have included children’s representative in their CCWC.

V. CIVIL RIGHTS AND FREEDOM A. Birth Registration, Name and Nationality CO No. 37

46. The RGC ensures that birth registration is free of charge for all children, without any restriction on their status and that of their parents or guardians. In 2016 the RGC adopted the National Strategic Plan on Identification 2017-2026 that is a long-term policy for strengthening individual identification works, and to ensure its sustainability.

To enhence the implementation of formality, procedures and standards related to civil registration45 and to strengthen the capacity of civil registrars at sub-national level, especially to support the National Strategic Plan on Identification, MoI has focused on the following tasks: - Assign civil registrars at national level in 2016, in the past, civil registrars only exist in the communes/sangkat, - Create monitoring system to report on the use of IT-based civil registration book and certificate in Kratie and Siem Reap, - Has implemented IT-based Civil registration in 5 provinces, - Build capacity of civil registrars at sub-national level on civil regration enforcement, - Disseminate on radios and TVs in order to raise the awareness on civil registration and effective civil registration enforcement.

From 2002 to August 2017, 16,722,827 people have their civil status registered (8,282,258 women and girls).

Please see detailed information on birth registration in Annex on point D.1. Birth Registration.

B. Protection of Identity 47. The Constitution and the Law on Nationality provide that Cambodian citizen including children shall not be deprived of their nationality in order to prevent the lost or absence of identity such as the name, nationality and family relations. The Civil Code requires that the child’s father or mother shall request to register their child’ birth within 30 days from the birth46.

The Khmer nationality shall not be automatically lost due to adoption. When reaching the majority, the adopted child has the rights to see the documents and records related

to her / his identity47. MoI is revising, amending and adding procedures related to naturalization and nationality claim and abandonment, to fully comply with the Law on Nationality.

A child may file a suit for acknowledgment (paternity) and file a suit seeking confirmation of maternity against the woman who gave birth to him/her48. Please also see point 121 below.

C. Freedom of Expression

48. The freedom of expression is guaranteed by the Constitution49. Children are given the opportunity to freely express their opinion, which will be considered and weighed according to their age, physical and mental development and their degree of understanding about their action50. All children’s opinions and suggestions were considered and included into different Action Plans.

The RGC has collaborated with DPs and NGOs in preparing the participation of children’s representatives in different meetings at sub-national level, national level as well as at the regional (ASEAN) and international, such as: - the ASEAN Forum every two years, 3 forums between 2010 and 2016, - the Geneva meeting to present report on “My life, My suggestions” - and many other meetings, conferences and workshops.

D. FREEDOM OF THOUGHT, CONSCIENCE AND RELIGION

49. Freedom of religious belief and worship is guaranteed by the State51. MoEYS allows Muslim girls to wear ijab in class. The 2011 Law on Prison provides that all prisons shall have facilities for detainees to practice their religion52.

Although Buddhism is determined by the Constitution as state religion, the citizens may widely practice other religions, such as Catholicism and Islam.

E. Freedom of Association

50. The RGC established the National Council for Youth Development to encourage youth to volunteer for works and to foster national unity and gender equality53.

Please see Annex on point 6. Data on children’s organization.

51. The RGC collaborated with NGOs on the establishment of children networks.

Please see Annex on point 6. Data on children’s organization.

52. The Law on Associations and NGOs was adopted in 2015. Although this law determines that founders of association or NGO shall be 18 years old or above, this law does not prevent or block child freedom of association54.

As of 2017, 2,117 associations and 3,117 NGOs have been registered by MoI.

F. Protection of Privacy and Image

53. Privacy has been protected by the Laws. Abuse of dwelling entering, intercepting and recording private conversation, and violation of person’s image are punishable with imprisonment and fine55.

The JJ Law provides that it is prohibited to release or broadcast the image and information that could reveal the identification of minor and effect the minor’s credential in education, labour, accommodation or safety56.

Besides the right to injunction and to demand the elimination of effect of infringing act, the victim also has the right to damages related to personal characteristics and in the accordance with the provisions on tortious acts57.

The media reporters are now more professional than ever and have participated in the protection of the identity of child victim as well of that of children in conflict with the law.

The RGC is now preparing a draft law on cyber crime.

G. Access to Information

54. Cambodian children have access to appropriate information in accordance with their needs through the media, social network and from different organizations, especially there are: - 14 TV stations whose broadcasts cover all municaplity/provinces. Each TV station has special programs on child education, especially the Cambodia’s National TV (TVK). - All stations are prohibited from broadcasting violent, brutal and obscene scenes58.

- 42 radio stations in the municipality and provinces, and some of them have programs specifically for children59. - Special campaign events on HIV/AIDS, WASH, Avian influenza, human trafficking, drug abuse, school enrollment, and other advertisements. - Besides these, children can increase their understanding through reading, as there are now more and more books written in Khmer for different ages of the children.

The advertisement of tobaco products through the media and other means or programs is prohibited, including the free distribution of the products to smokers60. MoH finalizes the draft Law on Alcohol Control that defines different measures to reduce alcohol impacts61.

55. Victims have the rights to receive detailed and specific information on their case, including the alternatives to legal procedure and trial, their medical status, their family and community, their vocation training and all other information62.

The Ministry of Information is developing a draft Law on Access to Information, which defines the duties of public institutions to provide and disseminate information publicly. The RGC is now urging all TV stations to broadcast more programs for children during prime time, and to modify inappropriate comic scenes.

H. Roles of the Media

56. The media has actively participated in the promotion of child rights and protection. The TVs and radios have several programs linked to the public education, including the children. These programs inclue child rights, child labour and exploitation.

The social media, especially Facebook, is now widely used to raise the awareness on and promote the CRC, through activities of government institutions such as the CNCC, and NGOs.

VI. VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN A. ABUSE AND NEGLECT CO No. 50 57. In 2013, Cambodia was the first country in the region that organized a research on Violence against Children (VAC).

Detailed information is mentioned in the Annex, point E1. Violence against Children.

In 2016, MoWA conducted a secondary data analysis on Women’s Experience of Domestic Violence and Other Violences.

Please see detailed information in Annex, point E3, Report on Data Analysis on Women Experiencing Domestic Violence and Other Violences 2016.

Although there is not yet a comprehensive research, drug has also been considered as a main cause of violence.

58. To respond to the above findings, the RGC introduced several measures against violence on women and children.

MoWA developed 2014-2018 Neary Ratanak IV to continue up-holding the gender equality and women’s empowerment.

In 2015, the RGC launched the 2014-2018 NAPVAW, which identified areas of priority for the responses and prevention strategies.

MoWA developed Guidelines on Legal Protection of Women’s and Children’s Rights in Cambodia for its judicial police agents and other stakeholders to use when providing support to victims.

MoWA also developed Referral Guidelines for Women and Girl Survivors of Gender based Violence to support to agents who provide related services, so as to improve the quality of services and to supplement to the 2005 Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence and the Protection of Victims and the 2007 Criminal Procedure Code. The guidelines are the practical tools for the implementation of domestic laws so as they are in line with CEDAW and international conventions on HR.

In 2016, MoWA cooperated with MoH in developing the Minimum Standards for Basic Counseling for Women and Girl Survivors of Gender based Violence aiming at providing guidances to all service providers on know how to use human rights process/approach in assisting the victims.

In 2017, MoWA developed 2017-2021 Positive Parenting Strategy, aiming at protecting and reducing VAC and creating a safe family environment with equity, gender and non-violent.

The production of video spots educating nonviolence to be used in the community is being discussed.

Please see also point No. 77 below related to the development of the Action Plan to Prevent and Respond to VAC 2017-2021 resulted from the study on VAC.

59. Please see point 9 para.3 above on the establishment of a National Child Protection Committee.

60. At sub-national levels, there are the Capital/provincial and district/khan WCCC and the Commune/Sangkat CWCC that play roles local coordinators and implementers with the main focuse on educating parents and guardians on education, hygiene, nutrition, childcare, child protection and enrolment in community pre-school.

According to a common study organized in 2016 by UNICEF, Plan International, SC, CCF, and WVI, most of the CCWCs have successfully performed their duties despite limited capacity and funds in child protection63.

61. MOH developed the “A Clinical Handbook for Managing Health Care for Women Subjected to Intimate Partner Violence or Sexual Violence” which was disseminated in 2017 and successively trained to relevant staffs in accordance with the instructions of the Ministry.

MoEYS disseminated the hotlines of MoI’s AHT-JP Department, Legal Aid of Cambodia, LICADHO, LSCW, CWCC and WEC in the library within factories. MoEYS also implemented programs such as ethics education to avoid violence and discrimination in Phnom Penh and Siem Reap, prevention of child labour trafficking, provision of simple vocational trainings in community education centres, and trainings for school principals on measures to reduce drop-out in six provinces64.

The Ministry of Tourism has collaborated with related ministries, institutions and DPs organizing 524 dissemination meetings on Child Safe Tourism with hotel owners and their staff in 25 capital/provinces, participated by 34,710 participants.

For the investigation using child friendly procedures, please see point No. 137 and 153 below.

B. Corporal Punishment CO. No. 41 62. The word “discipline” in article 1045 of the Civil Code does not mean punishment, but rather refers to teach and disciplineso as the child become a good citizen. This article was stimpulated with the view that the child’s understanding is still limited, if discipine

rights is not given to parents, the child may act wrongly, and the discipline shall only be to the extent necessary and for educating child at home.

In fact Art. 1045 applies only to situation where the child commits any activity deemed to be antisocial, such as the petty crime, and shall not be authorized to use as an excuse to practise abuse or violence. Any punishment that is physically or mentally harmful to the child shall not be allowed as such. In case a parental power holder punishes the child over “the extent necessary”, this shall be subject to the suspension or divestment of the parental authority65.

However, Strategy No. 4 of the Action Plan to Prevent and Respond to VAC 2017- 2021 has targeted formulating and amending laws and policies through advocacy for amendment of Art. 1045 and 1079 of the Civil Code that involves corporal punishment of children.

Based on the results of the meeting between children’s representatives and the representative of the National Assembly’s Legal and Judicial Commission on 21 July 2017, the representative of the Legal and Judicial Commission has promised to bring concerns regarding the interpretation and implementation of the above article to the Minister of Justice so as to prevent the misunderstanding the use of the provisions of the laws.

63. For the public education, awareness raising and social mobilization on dangerous impacts of corporal punishment, please see point No. 58 above.

64. MoWA has incorporated the NPA on Child Development into the Strategic Plan of Neary Ratanak IV to contribute to the child reights upholding and elimination of discrimination on children66.

The CNCC Secretariat has mainstreamed the NPA on Child Development 2016-2018 into 3 ministries; namely, MoSVY, MoH and MoWA and to 3 provinces, Tbaung Khmum, Siem Reap and Prey Veng.

C. Sexual Exploitation and Abuse CO. No. 72 65. According to the 2009 Criminal Code that defined the age for sexual majority at 15 years67, all acts of rape, prostitution, sexual abuse on minor below 15 shall be considered as severe crimes that shall be punished with imprisonment from 7 to 15

21 years68. Indecent acts on minor below 15 shall be punished with imprisonment from 1 to 3 years69.

The NCCT issued the Guidelines on Law Enforcement to Suppress Human Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation70 that defines the measures to be taken against each offense.

In addition to the Guidelines on the Use of Court Screen and TV-Linked Testimony from the Child/Vulnerable Victims or Witnesses71 to effectivelt enforce the 2008 Law on the Suppression of Human Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation, MoJ issued Guidelines No. 01/09 dated 23 February 2009 on the Implementation of Articles 42 and 43 of the Human Trafficking Law and the Explanatory Note for the Human Trafficking Law in 2013 that describe explicitly the general concepts and the principles of each article.

The RGC established the Cambodian COMMIT WG72 to coordinate all activities related to human trafficking and migration at national and regional level.

The 2009 Law on Tourism provides the shared responsibilities between the Ministry of Tourism and other ministries, institutions and relevant authorities in the prevention of sexual exploitation in tourism73. The manager of hotels or guesthouses should:

- Instantly complain or report to the competent authority, in case of having known or suspected human trafficking and confinement, child trafficking and sexual exploitation/prostitution, disseminations of pornographic pictures and materials;

- Register the identity and other information of all guests upon the beginning of their stay.

Minors are prohibited from the premises of an adult tourism entertainment centres, and the managers and licensees of adult entertainment centres must ban and take reasonable measures to ensure that no minors are present74.

MoSVY developed policies regarding the Protection of the Rights of Victims of Human Trafficking and the Minimum Standards on the Protection of the Rights of Victims of Human Trafficking as presented in item 139 of this report.

For detailed information on child exploitation, sexual abuse and trafficking please see Annex on Point I.3 Sexual Exploitation, Abuse and Trafficking.

D. Torture or other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment CO. No. 39

66. The law guarantees there shall be no physical abuse against any individual. The prosecution, arrest, or detention of any person shall not be done except in accordance with the law. Cambodia does not have criminal offense related to the status of individual.

Youth Rehabilitation Centres are open; residence is voluntarily. Social centres aim to solve the problems of street people through counselling, healthcare, and provision of vocational training so they can make income and do not go begging. Both centres are not detention centres, but where to find assistance. The RGC recognizes that those centres shall improve their services and need more resources to respond to the international standards.

Please see also points No. 135 and 136 below.

67. Minors who commit an offence shall be subject to supervision, education, protection, and assistance75. However, a court may impose a criminal penalty on a minor of 14 years and above if warranted by the circumstances of the offence or the character of the minor. A minor under 14 years old may not be the subject of criminal actions, and may not be temporarily detained. The investigating judge can decide to send the minor temporarily to his guardians or Rehabilitation Centre while waiting for the Court Decision76.

According to the legal principles, the court may take other possible options instead of punishment, such as community works, blame or experience.

68. The Sub-Decree on the Establishment and Functioning of the Youth Rehabilitation Centre was adopted on 29 September 201777. The inter-ministerial WG under the leadership of MoSVY for the development of regulations related to the J.J. Law implementation has developed Strategic and Executive Plan 2017-2019 for the effective implementation of the law.

However, the RGC always appreciates measures in the community rather than putting the child in a centre.

69. The 2006 Minimum Standards on Residential Care for Children and the 2008 Minimum Standards on Alternative Care for Children in the Community required that a complaint mechanism being established, and make sure that children are informed of their rights and the procedures.

70. Cambodia does not have a separate law on the protection of child victims, but existing laws and regulations can assist children to seek justice by filing complaints to competent authorities, as stated in Art. 6 para. 1 of the Criminal Procedure Code.

If a civil party does not receive any payment for damages or compensation from the convicted person or from the civil defendants, he may request the Prosecutor to impose imprisonment in lieu of payment78.

71. For the time being the Court is the sole mechanism where children can seek assistance on the investigation related to all rights abuse, as stated in the Optional Protocol.

As for the CHRC, it is a governmental institution that assists the RGC on HR issues.

Related to child abuses, CHCR does not receive the complaint; the victim shall file complainant to the court in accordance with the existing procedures.

Please see also point No. 22 above.

72. Cambodia adopted the Law on Drug Control in 2012, and has much reduced the issues through many activities, mainly by mainstreaming the awareness on drug dangers into the national education program, raising the awareness directly in the community and through the media, entertainment services, and the adoption of drug abusers treatment program in the community79.

73. In compliance with the OP to the Convention against Torture acceded in 2007, the RGC has created a National Mechanism80 to prevent torture, whose duties are to monitor all detention centres and their infrastructure nationwide. The Mechanism is now upgraded to a National Committee81. NGOs have also participated in this monitoring.

E. Measure to Promote Recovery and Social Reintegration of Child Victims

74. MoSVY’s Prakas No. 852 on Implementation of the Policy on Protection of the Rights of Victims of Human Trafficking and Prakas No. 857 on Minimum Standards for Protection of the Rights of Victims of Human Trafficking provided detailed intervention procedures to assist victims of human trafficking, starting from the identification, rescue, physical and psychological treatment, provision of vocational training and reintegration back to the family and community.

For additional information, please see Annex on points E. Violence against Children and H. Special Protection Measures.

F. Child Helpline

75. The General Commissariat of the National Police has 2 special hotline numbers 1288 and (023)997 919 that receive calls 24h per day on all abuses and take timely actions on investigation and suppression. All provincial Police Commissariats also have their own hotlines.

In 2017, the Phnom Penh Municipality announced its hotline number 1299 for all emergencies.

Some NGOs also have child helplines: Child Helpline Cambodia (CHC), AFESIP, Mith Samlanh and WV.

FOLLOW-UP OF THE UN STUDY ON VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN CO. No. 42 76. In 2013, Cambodia has conducted a research on violence against children and young adults. The results of the study underline urgent needs to solve VAC of all kinds, and to establish a NAP to effectively prevent and respond violence and uphold child rights.

Please see detailed information on the findings of the Study on VAC in Cambodian in 2013 in Annex, point E.1. Violence against Children.

In 2014, 13 ministries/institutions82 declared their commitment to respond to VAC so as to looking forwards to the development of a NPA on VAC; in 2015, MoWA led the development of the Action Plan to Prevent and Respond to Violence against Children 2017-2021 which was officially launched in December 2017. This plan is informed by principles and strategies of INSPIRE. Targets and goals are set for all key partners, clearly affirming the country’s commitment to child safety.

Responding to its commitment, the Ministry of Cult and Religion (MoCR) developed a Curriculum on “Buddhist Response to Violence against Children” to be included in the Bachelor Degree of Buddhism education academic programme all over the Kingdom83. Moreover, from 2010 to May 2018, MoCR has disseminated the concepts of Buddhism for Children 141 times, to 185,276 participants in 25 Capital/provinces.

Cambodia has organized a consultative meeting on the preparation of the Draft of the ASEAN Action Plan to Eliminate Violence against Children in 2015 to review, comment and give additional inputs to the draft. As a result, the plan was adopted by the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Social Welfare and Development (AMMSWD).

VII. FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND ALTERNATIVE CARE

A. Family Environment and Parental Guidance, and Parents’ Responsibilities

CO. No. 44

77. To promote the effective implementation of the 2010 National Policy on ECCD, the ECCD Committee has been established in April 201384.

On positive parenting, please see Annex on point F.1. Family Support.

78. In 2015, The RGC issued the Sub-Decree No. 119 on the Management of Residential Care Centre. MoSVY has been entrusted to review and evaluate the competency and possibility to transfer the centre management functions to the sub-national level and cases of children that can gradually be transferred to the sub-national administration, and oblige the centres to prepare and keep the file for each child, have family reunification and reintegration programs, and develop the internal regulations on the prevention and resolution child abuse cases, including also complaint procedures85.

B. Seperation from Parents

79. The laws provide that parents have the duty to take good care of their children. In case the parents abuse their rights or neglect their obligations while exercising their parental power, the court may order the suspension or divestment of the authority of the parental power holder86, and appoints new guardian. But the court may also dismiss a guardian of a minor who commits a wrongful act or other act rendering him or her unfit for the office of guardian87.

The government policy was that child placement in family or community is the best, and that the institutional care is only of last resort and temporary88.

C. Family Reunification 80. If the reasons for the suspension or divestment of the parental authority have finished, the court may revoke its decision89. The court shall dissolve an adoption in case there is severe abuse of the interest of the adoptee, and the natural parents being able to carry out suitable care and custody of the child. The child shall then have the same relationship with his/her natural parents and their blood relatives terminated as a result of the full adoption re-establihses after the date of dissolution90.

MoSVY’s 2011 Prakas No. 2280 on Procedures to Implement the Policy on Alternative Care provides that when there is a danger that a child will be separated from his/her family due to a situation of risk, it shall be a priority to prevent such separation through supportive services to the family. The 2006 Prakas on Minimum Standards on Residential Care stipulated that the centre shall evaluate the possibility of reintegration every year.

Please see also point No. 83 below.

D. Recovery and Care for the Child

81. Abused children without family care are taken care either by state or NGO centres. They are provided with psychological support, basic education and vocational training in accordand with their age and willingness. After they got stability/recovery from the trouble they have experienced, they are reintegrated back into their family or community.

Please see detailed information in Annex, point 11.b related to the Partnership Program for the Protection of Children (3PC).

E. Children Deprived of a Family Environment CO. No. 46 82. MoSVY Prakas No. 2280 provides the operating principles, procedures, formalities, roles and responsibilities of all actors involved.

In August 2011, MoSVY launched the Standards and Guidelines for the Care, Support and Protection of Orphan and Vulnerable Children that provides vital guidance on essential needs of the child as an individual.

83. According to the 2015 Sub-Decree No. 119 and its Strategic Plan 2014-2018, MoSVY has developed an Action Plan for Improving Child Care targeting Safe Returning of 30% of Children in Residential Care to their Families in between 2016 and 2018. In 2016, 267 out of 406 centres housing 11,788 children in 5 capital and provinces are considered as the priority for the reintegration of 30% of the children back to family and community from 2016 to 2018. The Ministry has already asked the 5 capital and provinces, especially to the WCCC, DoSVY Directors and DPs to collaborate in the development of Capital/Provincial Executive Plan to effectively support the above mention Action Plan91.

F. Periodic Review of Placement

84. MoSVY has a Child Care Inspection Office92 under the Department of Child Welfare, that is responsible for the development and implementation of policies and legal frameworks related to the inspection of child care services, and the residential care inspection programtwice a year, and extraordinary inspection as needed. In 2015, MoSVY issued an Instruction93 to assign Focal Points within Capital/provincial DoSVY to take charge of the inspecting of residential and community based care services. The Minimum Standards for AC in the Community provides that the NGOs that reintegrate the children shall regularly conduct home-visits to the children.

In 2016, the Inspection Forms have been inserted into Tablets and 66 tablets have been provided to City/District/Khan focal points in 5 provinces94.

85. The RGC has recently issued the Sub-Decree No. 34 dated 07 March 2017 on the Transfer of the management and monitoring of residential care centers to sub-national levels in order to move decision-making authorities and responsibilities to the sub- national administrations that are nearerst to child victims and vulnerable children. The financial and human resources as well as the assets related to child welfare shall also be transferred to the sub-national levels95.

G. Adoption

Co. No. 48 86. To push forwards the implementation of the ICA Law, MoSVY issued successively necessary regulations as mentioned in Appendix I - List of Child Related new Laws and Regulations Adopted between 2008 and 2018.

MoSVY and MoEF issued a joint Prakas96 to ensure transparency and prevent any illegal financial remuneration97.

MoSVY’s 2011Prakas No. 2280 provides detailed procedures on 1) identification of vulnerable children to be referred to related services at sub-national level and community, as well as the assessment of children and family situation for family preservation and reunification purpose, and 2) provision of AC services as a temporary solution, then prepare the permanent placement plan, including domestic adoption, ICA as well as case follow-up98.

MoSVY has provided trainings to 14 ICA Agencies99, Court Officials and Commune Chiefs in Banteay Meanchey and Battambang to build their capacity as ICA agency, decision makers on ICA and persons involved in ICA, and MoSVY is planning to conduct the same training in other 4 provinces. MoJ developed the Explanatory Note on Domestic Adoption and conducted workshops to disseminate this Explanatory Note in 2016.

The Guidebook Towards the Optimum Implementation and Application of the Hague Convention 1993 Related to ICA (Guidebook No, 1) has been translated into Khmer in 2010 then distributed to experts working on ICA.

Cambodia is reforming the Database of the ICA Administration, and has developed the country profile to be posted on the website of the Hague Permanent Office.

The ICA Central Authority has printed 1,200 flipcharts on ICA Procedures (2015) and went abroad many times for study visits and to exchange/discuss bilateral collaboration with diplomats, embassies, UN Agencies, ICA Agencies and experts who are interested in ICA in Cambodia.

So far, no adoption case has been processed under the ICA Law. From 2012 to 2017, the ICA Administration received the progress reports of 1,889 adopted children.

The domestic adoption (orphan), one of AC options prior to ICA, has not been functional.

H. Eviction of Children and their Family from their Land CO. No. 62

87. The expropriation of properties shall be exercised only in the public interest as provided for under the law, and shall require fair and just compensation in advance100. It shall serve the nation and public interest, and for the development of public physical infrastructures101.

Cambodia does not have a law or policy on eviction of citizens from their land or house, except in the case they illegally occupy the public land or the land belongs to others. Although there were some land disputes, the competent ministries, institutions and authorities constantly solve the problems based on the law and by mutual understanding.

In 2012, the RGC has temporarily stopped the concession of economic lands so as to take measures for the sustainable interest of the population102.

As of the end of 2017, the RGC has distributed over 122,211.62ha of social land concession to poor families, including 3,304 families of demobilized armed forces in Oddar Meanchey, Preah Vihear and Svay Rieng.

As of the end of 2017, the RGC has issued 4,881,582 land titles, of which 4,647,886 titles have bee distributed to the population (66.4% of the total of 7 million land plots). Among those title registrations, 3,626,158 land tites are registered with systematic land registration, and 519 land titles with collective land registration for 19 indigenous communities103.

Despite such efforts, Cambodia recognizes there are more to be done to alleviate land disputes.

I. Children with Incarcerated mothers CO. No. 64 88. Female prisoners shall be provided with maternal health care before and after child birth104. Children accompanying their mother shall be authorized to stay with their mother in prison until the age of 3 years and shall be provided with food, clothing and health care105. Custody of the accompanying children aged three years and above, shall be under MoSVY if they have no custodian outside the prison. Special attention has been paid to the particular needs of juvenile convicted prisoners for education, vocational training, rehabilitation and reintegration.Torture, acts of cruelty and other forms of abuse against a prisoner shall be punishable according to the Crominal Code of Cambodia106.

Some NGOs provide healthcare and education to children living with their convicted mother, like LICADHO and Prison Fellowship.

In 2015, the RGC established a WG to collect the statistics of pregnant convicted women and women having small children with them to request for forgiveness107.

As of September 2017, there were 121 children (63 girls) living with their mother in prison; there were 46 pregnant convicted women all over the country as of January 2017.

The RGC made all efforts to ensure that children accompanying their mother in prison are protected. The RGC recognizes that there are more to be done to take good care of

children accompanying their mother in prison and to minimize the impacts stemming from the situation in case it is inevitable.

VIII. DISBILITIES, BASIC HEALTH AND WELFARE

DISABILITY CO. No. 52 89. MoEYS adopted the NAP on Non-Formal Education 2008-2015 aiming at developing the human resource so as to contribute to the realization of the Education for All goals.

The Law on the Protection and the Promotion of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities was adopted in 2009 with the following objectives:

1- To protect the rights, freedoms and interests of persons with disabilities, 2- To prevent, reduce and eliminate discrimination against persons with disabilities, 3- To provide physical, mental and vocational rehabilitation in order to ensure that persons with disabilities are able to fully and equally participate in activities within society108.

The RGC established the National Disability Strategic Plan (NDSP) 2014-2018 to increase the attention on women and children with disabilities so as they receive equal and full rights and fundamental freedom.

The RGC Sub-Decree No. 108 dated 30 August 2010 on Determining the Rate and Formality of Recruitment of PwDs provides that:

- Ministries, State entities which employ from 50 upward of civil servants shall has person with disabilities with qualifications and task responsibilities according to the type of career in the rate of 2% of total of civil servants - Legal Entities which employs from 100 workers upward shall has person with disabilities with career qualifications and task responsibilities according to the type of career in the rate of 1% of total of workers. - Ministries, State entities and Legal entities which employ civil servants and workers less than the amount set above shall be encouragedto employ person with disabilities.

The Disability Action Council (DAC) is now implementing the Disability Rights Initiatives in Cambodia (DRIC) project with the long term goal to improve quality of life for persons with disabilities in Cambodia. The PwDs have more opportunities to

participate in social, economic, cultural and political life through effective implementation of the NDSP 2014-2018.

A. Data on Children with Disabilities 90. Cambodia is in the process to develop a database on Children with Disabilities (CwD) and Ministry of Planning (MoP) conducts regular census. The 2013 Cambodia inter- censal population survey of NIS, MoP found that 2.06% of Cambodians have disabilities (a total of 301,629 persons, of whom 52.05% are men); there are more PwDs in rural areas than in urban areas, mostly, in the Kampong Chhnang and Kampong Thom province. Of all PwDs, 10.63% are children under 15 years old, which equal to 29.4% of all children of that age109.

For detailed information on disability disaggregated by age, sex, kind of disability and education, please see Appendix IV– Disability.

B. Adoption of Policy for Early Screening, Identification, Early Intervention and Prevention

91. A interministerial Prakas between MoSVY and MoH defines Criteria and Degree of Disabilities110, and MoH NAP related to the early identification and prevention of disability have been created.

Please see also points No. 43, 44 and 100 of this report.

C. Provision of Basic Services for CwD with the Responsibilities of the State

92. Between 2012 and 2016, hundreds of deaf-mute, blind and low intellect children have learnt braille through learning programs of NGO partners111. MoI has printed Book on Guidelines on Inclusion of Disabilities into the Governance of the Sub-national Administration112.

MoSVY has been operating the National Centre for Enfant and Childrento receive abandoned babies and children referred from hospitals and DoSVY. Currently, there are 136 babies and children with disabilities, age between 1 to 18 years, residing in this centre. Care, recreation activities, physiotherapy and simple vocational trainings are provided in this centre.

D. Health Specialist Training and Mobile Clinic 93. So far, there is no mobile clinic for CwD. The Ministry of Rural Development has conducts the awareness raisings on community hygiene and public health to improve the welfare of the population.

E. Awareness-Raising Programs with Assistance of the Media, Civil Society and Community Leaders

94. Awareness-raising programs on the rights of CwD and combatting discrimination against CwD are conducted by national DAC, Capital/provincial DACs, Ministry/Institution WGs and NGOs working on disabilities.

After the launching of the 2014-2018 NDSP, DAC disseminated the Law on Disabilities, the Convention on the Rights of PwD, the 2012 Incheon Strategy and the 2014-2018 NDSP to members of DAC in 20 Capital/Provinces with 810 participants, and to 19 ministries /institutions with 650 participants. DAC has also raised the awareness on the rights of PwD and combatting the discrimination against PwD to 85 relevant officials in Kampot and Svay Rieng, Koh Kong, Siem Reap and Rattanakiri.

F. Special Education, Non Formal Education and Teacher Training Adopted to Various Types of Disabilities

95. The 2007 Law on Education provides that “the State shall encourage and promote the creation of special education for persons with disabilities”113: - CwDs have the right to study with other students in normal programs; - CwDs with special needs have the rights to receive additional teaching; - CwDs who are not able to learn with other studentss have the right to receive special education in separate special classes.

MoEYS has established a Department of Special Education to 1) develop policies and plans for special education, 2) develop the special education infrastructures, and 3) provide opportunities to talented learners with disabilities. MoEYS has also established the Special Education Institute to provide trainings to teachers for people with disabilities at all levels and develop training curriculums and in-service trainings according with capacity at all levels and labour market needs for people with disabilities.

The 2008 Policy on Education for CwD has been amended into the Policy on Inclusive Education to embrace expanded coverage from preschool to higher levels.

G. Ratification of the Convention on the rights of Persons with Disabilities 96. Cambodia ratified the Convention in 2012.

H. Considerations of the committee’s general comment No. 9 of 2006 on the rights of children with disabilities (CRC/C/GC/9) 97. There is no data on children crippled for the purpose of begging. Cambodia never recruits children into the armed forces, especially children with disabilities. There is no refugee child, unaccompany children or displaced child with disabilities to be noticed114.

BASIC HEALTH AND WELFARE A. Survival and Development 98. The political program of the RGC continues to give the priority to child welfare development to promote the implementation of the CRC, especially to guarantee children rights to life and survival, development and participation. The 4 clusters of rights have been streamlined into several programs of the 2014-2018 NSDP. The 2011- 2015 NSPS also sets out the support to children and youth.

For additional information on life, survival and development please see also points No. 99-102 below.

B. Health and Health Services, in Particular Primary Health Care Co. No. 54 99. Cambodia considers health promotion and nutrition of the population as the first priority in human resource capacity building and development, especially those of the children. The RGC adopted the 2008-2015 HSP2 in order to enhance sustainable development of the health sector for better health and well-being of all Cambodians, especially of the poor, women and children.

As of 2016 health facilities all over the country comprise 1,165 Health Centres, 83 Health Posts and 110 Hospitals (9 National Hospitals, 24 Capital/Provincial Hospitals and 77 Referral Hospitals in 98 Operational Districts (ODs) in the 25 Capital/Provinces115.

The equity funds program is now implemented in all the 25 Capital/Provinces, covering a total of 1,258 health facilities (1 National Hospital, 21 Provincial Hospitals, 98 Referral Hospitals, 1,069 Health Centres and 68 Health Posts) with a total population of around 2.6M116.

MoH is performing child healthcare in connection to women healthcare during pregnancy, before, during and after delivery, and the healthcare of the new born and toddlers until they grow up. The Ministry has increased the coverage and access to pre- natal care, safe delivery, post-natal care, maternal emergency and baby care with quality as well as the mother to child transmission prevention and the provision of 11 main vaccines, breastfeeding, monitoring of baby and child development, the provision of micro-nutrients and vitamins, deworming and treatment of severe mal-nutrition.

100. Please see achieved results on Annex on point G2. Health and Health Services.

101. MoH disseminated the Roadmap on Accelerating the Nutrition Improvement 2014- 2020 that focuses on some activities, such as counselling on nutrition to pregnant women, provision of additional micro-nutrients to children and women, treatment of wasting children, communication for behaviour change focusing on the first 1,000 days of life, elimination of financial and human resources obstacles in order to expand the nutrition intervention and push for inter-ministerial support and improvement of data on nutrition through existing system.

102. In the 2008-2015 HSP2, non-communicable diseases are considered as one of the 4 priorities to be addressed. To respond to this, MoH adopted the National Strategic Action Plan on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases 2013-2020.

The RGC has adopted the National Strategy for Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene 2011-2015 with the vision that everyone in rural communities has sustained access to safe water supply and sanitation services, and lives in a hygienic environment by 2025.

On rural development such as provision of safe water and community hygiene, please see Annex on point G.4.

C. Efforts to Address Health Challenges

103. The main health challenges include:

- The mother, baby and child mortality rates as well as mal-nutrition rates remain high; - Responses to communicable and chronic diseases as well as other public health issues are not effective; - The provision of health services has not yet responded to the needs of the population both in quantity and quality, because of lack of medical instruments and technology in the Health Centres and Referral Hospitals, lack of health personnel/MDs especially in Health Centres in rural areas, and of inconsistency in the application of professional ethics among health workers;

MoH has made the efforts to address all above challenges through: a. Giving incentives to the state midwives, spreading the midwives to all health centres, increasing numbers of delivery waiting rooms, strengthening referral system from health centres to referral hospitals, antenatal and postnatal cares, provision of preventive medicines, and prevention of mother to child contamination of HIV; b. Provision of micro-nutrients to children, pregnant women and women who have just delivered baby, children deworming, trainings of community teachers and provision of services on a management of wasting117. c. Mainstreaming the works related to combat against communicable diseases and seeking support from main partners118. Enforcement of laws and regulations related to tobacco and alcohol control, and TOT on food safety and hygiene119. d. Health service provision through equity funds to poor women and children and to PwDs.

D. Adolescents’Reproductive Health Rights

CO. No. 56 104. In 2016, there were 718 health facilities all over the country where staff were trained on reproductive health of adolescents (adolescent friendly services) and are capable to provide the information on reproductive health.

MoH’s Department of Mental Health and Drug Abuse is working to increase the access and coverage of primary and comprehensive services for mental health, detoxification and enhancement of understanding about mental health risks. In 2016,

the Departmentprovided trainings to health workers and launched mental health and drug abuse services in one health post, 194 health centres and 71 referral hospitals.

Please see further Annex on Point G2. Health and Health Services.

105. A study conducted by MoEYS in 2010 called “Most at Risk Young People Survey” found that there are three main factors influencing those adolescent behaviours: 1) self- confidence, 2) strong appreciation of peers and friends, and 3) Family and social atmosphere120.

In 2012, MoEYS conducted another study called “Examining life experiences of young workers in entertainment sector who are at high risks of HIV transmission in four Cambodian cities”, to analyse the situation of young workers in this sector.

In that year of 2012, the Royal University of Phnom Penh also conducted a study to get better understand about mental health problems, cognitive disorders, drug abuses, aggressive attitude, suicide, depression, and other effects on adolescent mental health121.

In 2013, NIS and MoH conducted a survey on Teenager Fertility, Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Risk Factors, to supplement the CDHS. It was found that there are several child related problems, such as aggressive attitude in family, abuses committed by boys, and suicide.

Please see Annex on point G3. Drug and Substance Abuse for more information on number of drug users treated in health facilities.

ADOLESCENT FRIENDLY SERVICES

106. To address the risks of reproductive health and other communicable diseases among youth and adolescents, MoH conducted the interventions focusing on individual behaviour through enhancement of sexual act control such as delaying in sexual intercourse among adolescents, avoiding multiple partners, avoiding early pregnancy and improving health care seeking behaviours. In 2016, 718 health facilities provided reproductive health to youth and adolescents122.

E. Detoxification, Treatment and Rehabilitation in Accordance with Human Rights Standards 107. The Sub-Decree No. 162 dated22 December 2010 on the Establishment of a National Centre for Treatment and Rehabilitation of Drug Dependents provides that the centre shall be under the management of MoSVY and aim at detoxify, treat, educate, rehabilitate, provide vocational training and reintegrate the recovered patients back into the community and family123.

The 2011 Law on Drug Control124 states that the State shall use all mechanisms to support the appropriate delivery of services for medical treatment and rehabilitation of all drug dependent users without any discrimination, and shall ensure that services for the reduction in harms caused by drug abuses, health services and national policies to mitigate health risks shall be in place and available. All expenses for medical treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts at public centres shall be covered by the State, and the State shall encourage private-owned centres to involve in this task125. The principles of treatment and rehabilitation include consent shall be obtained from the drug users or her/his guardian, scientifically medical and social services are aligh with national and international standards, no person under treatment and rehabilitation are subject to experiment, and confidentiality is protected126.

As of 2016, there were 10 detoxification centers, of which 7 are state centers and 3 are private centers. 21,298 drug dependents have received the treatment127.

Cambodia has not yet conducted a study on youth suicide due to lack of resources and techniques. -Comprehensive and systematic measures to prevent and improve youth mental health have not yet been in place.

RECOMMENDATION No. 4 (2003): ADOLESCENT HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT

108. Cambodia has paid attention on adolescents whose physical grow, thinking and social development change so quickly, including the fact that they are moving towards the age of reproductive and sexual health128. In general, the access to information and health services does not depend on the individual situations. The State has prevented the adolescent from the worst forms of labour through different measures as mentioned in points 125 to 128 (on child labour) below.

F. Measures to Protect Children from Sustance Abuse

109. Direct incitement of a minor to unlawfully and regularly consume large quantities of sustances shall be punishable by imprisonment and a fine129.

Please see point 107 above on the establishment of centers for the treatment and rehabilitation of drug users.

The purpose of the 2011 Law on Drug Control is to prevent and combat drug offences, control all legal activities related to drugs and to ensure the fulfillment Cambodia’s obligations as a party to the conventions and protocols of the United Nations pertaining to drugs.

The law punishes all acts of coercing minor aged 15 and above to illegally use narcotic substance by imprisonment and fine, and the punishment shall be doubled if the minor is under 15 and so as for the use of violence, threat or other actions that force someone to illicitly use substance. The act of facilitating illicit use of substance by minor shall be also be punished by imprisonment and a fine130.

MoEYS issued the Guideline No. 16 dated 04 April 2017 on Taking Measures on Education and Dissemination to prevent Drug Abuse in Public and Private Schools, which warned that: 1) all education institutes shall develop plans and timetable on drug education, 2) incorporate drug issues in the monthly and semesterly examination, and 3) report to the competent authorities in case there is drug issue in the institute.

The 2015 Law on Tobacco Control prohibits the sale and distribution of all kinds of tobacco products to persons under 18 and pregnant women. Persons under 18 shall not be allowed to bring tobacco products into the Kingdom of Cambodia. It is prohibited to sell and distribute all types of tobacco products in schools and children’s parks. The sale and distribution of all kinds of tobacco products to persons under 18 and pregnant women shall be punished by imprisonment and a fine131.

G. Social Security and Living Standards

Social Security and ChildCare Services 110. The 2011-2015 NSPS was developed as a priority inthe development and the safety net program for the poor and vulnerable with the provision of social welfare services, especially for children.

The RGC seeks “to continue to develop and to strengthen the social protection system in aunified, consistent and effective manner”. The 2016-2025 NSPPF that was adopted by the Council of Ministers on 24 March 2017 is a longterm roadmap for the social protection system development in Cambodia consists of two main pillars: social support and social security132.

The 2014-2018 NSDP strategies also strive to continue strengthening and developing the social support system in a unfied, consistent and effective manner133.

The Equity Fund has been implemented all over the country, covering 1,258 health facilities and a total of 2.6M people in 2016.

On childcare services, please see point 82 above.

H. Standard of Living CO. No. 60 111. Please see points No.2 and 3 above.

The vision of the 2011-2015 National Strategy for Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene is everyone in rural communities has sustained access to safe water supply and sanitation services, and lives in a hygienic environment by 2025.

I. HIV/AIDS Co. No. 58

112. Cambodia took control on the spread of HIV/AIDS in 2000, by reducing the prevalence of HIV infection among persons over 15 years old to 0.6% in 2016. By projection, this may drop to 0.5% in 2020134. Cambodia is “poised to become the first low-income country to achieve virtual elimination of HIV transmission by 2025135”. In order to reach this goal and besides the fourth Strategy to Combat AIDS (2015-2020), the RGC has established the National AIDS Authority to be the sole body tocoordinate and lead efforts related to AIDS under a unified strategic plan, with a unified monitoring and evaluation system.

Please see Appendix II – Achievement of the CMDG 2003-2015, on Goal No. 6.

Cambodia has paid attention on compliance with the Committee’s General Comment No. 3 (2003) on HIV/AIDS and the rights of the child, including the development of

national policies related to HIV/AIDS, law and regulations to prevent discrimination, and grant priority to children with HIV/AIDS.

IX. EDUCATION, LEISURE AND CULTURAL ACTIVITIES (Art. 28-31)

EDUCATION CO. No. 66 113. Cambodia has not yet been able to make basic education compulsory, but basic education has been guaranteed by the Constitution136: the State shall provide free primary and secondary education to all citizens in public schools. Citizens shall receive education for at least 9 years.

The RGC has reformed the education system since 2001, and adopted several laws, policies and NAP so as to expand the access to education with equity, strengthen the education quality, and eliminate/reduce gender gaps, inequality and discrimination, such as the adoption on Law on Education, Policy on Child Friendly School, Policy on Education of CwDs, National Policy on ECCD and the Education Strategic Plans137.

114. The 2014-2018 ESP which was developed within the context of the NSDP, underlined that MoEYS will: - continue to give a high priority to equitable access for high quality basic education services, - have an increasing focus on the expansion of Early Childhood Education, - expand access to quality secondary and post-secondary education, and - expand non-formal education, technical and vocational education, including the education for marginalized children and youth.

Several measures have been taken to reduce corruption in education, including the Anti-Corruption Law and the increase of teacher salary.

For more information, please see Appendix III – Education.

LEISURE

115. MoEYS adopted the National Policy on Development of Physical Education and Sports, the Physical Education Program at Secondary School, and disseminated the Book on Physical Education at Primary School. The Ministry has also trained 9 different kinds of sports participated by 172 athletes138.

For more information, please see points No. 50, and 118-119 below.

CULTURAL RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS AND MINORITY CHILDREN

116. The RGC recognizes the rights of indigenous minorities in maintaining their different cultures, costumes, traditions, beliefs and languages of their individual group. The RGC has established an inter-ministerial committee to work with UNDP to design the development programs for the indigenours people. The Ministry of Rural Development has created the Indigenous People Development Department to promote the living standard, and maintain cultures, costumes, traditions and beliefs of the indigenous people.

In 2009, the RGC adopted the National Policy on Development of Ethnic Minorities, based on its long term vision: to make Cambodia a country of social unity with advanced education and bright culture free from poverty or illiteracy, and healthy.

Between 2012 and 2016, 76 ethnic minorities in 5 provinces have registered their identity139, and between 2009 and 2013, there were 7 campaigns to disseminate the National Policy on Development of Ethnic Minorities140.

HUMAN AND POLITICAL RIGHTS 117. The contents related to child rights, human rights and political rights are integrated in the education program and handbooks, from grade 1 to grade 12, especially in lessons on social studies or morale and civics.

RELAXATION, LEISURE, RECREATION AND CULTURAL AND ARTISTIC ACTIVITIES 118. Cambodia pays attention on physical education and sports for the welfare of the population141. MoEYS has conducted annually the national and international sport competition between students on a number of sports.

The Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts has organized the following activities and special events:

- Nationwide Youth Festival under the subject of “Youth for National Culture”.

- The sixth Book Exhibition in 2017 under the subject of “More Reading increases Opportunities”.

- The Visual Arts Festival on drawing, cooking, kite, foods, poems, Khmer songs and cinema.

- 52 cultural videos have been produced for broadcasting in the cultural programs in TVK, 2 times per week142.

- The Fine Arts School has provided trainings on visual arts, music, dance, pays and circus, and has collaborated with Capital/Provincial Department of Culture and Fine Arts to provide trainings in schools and SCOs.

The CNCC Secretariat coordinated with the Phnom Penh International Institute of the Arts in organizing a drawing contest in 2016 and 2017 to greet the Children International and National Day on 1st June, and the International Day against Child Labor on 12th June. MoEYS organized a Youth Camp on the topic “Youth and Science” participated by 131 young people (39.7% female). MoEYS also organized an international camp participated by 1,800 students (55.55% female)143. The Ministry of Information disseminated the progams on the Music Festival and Children’s Song in 2016, consisted of 15 songs on nutrition, 20 Q&A intellectual games for preschool children, 58 weekly educational songs for children, an educational story on “Cool roof”, 2 educational programs on domestic violence, and 2 short educational stories on understanding the National Day againstHuman Trafficking on 12 December 2016 and 2 programs to Greet the National Day against Human Trafficking144.

Besides all above mentioned, the RGC has collaborated with the private sector in renovating and creating public playgrounds for children, playgrounds in school and Shopping Malls, special programs for children on TV, and education excursions and so on.

Committee’s general comments No. 1 (2001), No. 7 (2005), No. 9 (2006), No. 11 (2009) and No. 17 (2013)

119. The objectives of education in Cambodia is to develop the human resources of the nation by providing a lifelong education for the learners to acquire knowledge, skills, capacities, dignity and good moral behavior and characteristics, in order to push the learners to know, love and protect the national identification, cultures and language145. Education is directed toward the development of the child’s personality and dignity, and of the talents and mental and physical abilities to their fullest potential, and toward the development of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms as well as the respect of natural environment146.

On the implementation of the CRC at the first stage of infancy, please see points 41, 77 and 99 above. On the rights of children with disabilities, please see points 90 to 97; the rights of children of ethnic minorities, see point 116; the rights to relaxation, leisure, recreation and cultural and artistic activities please see point No. 118 above.

X. SPECIAL PROTECTION MEASURES

A. Refugees and Asylum Seekers CO. No. 75 120. A Refugee Bureau has been established in 2008 under MoI’s Department of Immigration to examine request for asylum submitted by foreigners147.

Then the RGC issued the Sub-Decree No. 224 dated 17 December 2009 on Procedures for Recognition as a Refugee or Providing Asylum Rights to Foreigners in Cambodia to ensure the respect of human rights and the rights of refugees in accordance with the 1951 Convention and its 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees that Cambodia acceded in 1992.

The asylum seeker may be refused or expelled from Cambodia only if s/he148:

a) poses a threat to the national security or public order; b) has committed a crime against peace c) has committed serious non-political crime outside Cambodia; or d) has been guilty of acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. If the request has been approved, the family members who are dependents of the Applicant for refugee status shall also be entitled to the same rights and be subject to the same obligations as the Applicant149.

However, Cambodia recognizes the incompleteness of existing laws and regulations, as mentioned in the Gap Analysis of Child Protection Legislation in the Kingdom of Cambodia150.

B. Children of Vietnamese Origin Co. No. 80 121. Cambodia does not have a discriminatory policy against other nationalities living legally in the country, including the Vietnamese. The immigrants and foreigners, who

are residing legally and give birth to babies in Cambodia, shall have to register their babies’ birth at the commune/sangkat of their permanent residence, or at their Embassy or Consulate in Cambodia. The nationality of the new born shall be determined in compliance with the Law on Nationality of Cambodia151.

The measures taken to prevent sexual exploitation and abuse of women and girls living in the Vietnamese communities are the same as those for all other children in Cambodia.

For additional information, please see point D below.

C. Children Living in Street CO. No. 70 122. Street children are considered as one of the 10 kinds of OVC that should be taken care of and supported. The RGC has established the National Committee on Street People since 2005 to prevent the flow of homeless people to the cities and to the neighboring countries. Subsequently, MoSVY established a Technical WG on Street People to support the National Committee to develop the strategic plans and find appropriate services for street people. There are vocational training centers for street people in the Capital and some provinces.

Many street children have received assistance from NGOs that provide a range of services such as accommodation, food, education, recreation and vocational training. The RGC has collaborated with NGOs to provide the services to street children by encouraging them to accept the services voluntarily, such as those of the 3PC.

Please see Annex on point F 11.b Childcare services.

123. In 2015, MoSVY organized a Conference on Street Children in Cambodia participatedby international and regional experts. The Conference has decided to establish a Multi- sectoral WG to implement the recommendations of the conference152.

124. MoSVY has transformed Poor Senchey (Prey Speu) Vocational Training Center into the DoSVY Transit Center153 and then issued the Prakas to revise the composition of the Technical WG154 in order to increase the effectiveness in addressingstreet people issues.

The Phnom Penh DoSVY has cooperated with the Phnom Penh City Hall on the improvement of the infrastructures in the Transit Center such as renovation of dormitory, office, kitchen, dining area, water system, electricity, toilets and roads

inside and around the centre, and equipment of food additional food supply and sleeping materials, ambulance and stand-by nurses as well as increase of food allowance to 4,000 Riels per day per person.

D. Children in Exploiting Situations

D.1. Economic Exploitation, Including Child Labour CO. No. 68 125. For information on new legislations related to child labour, please see Annex I, point 4.b.

126. Pursuing the 2008-2012 NAP on the Elimination the Worst Forms of Child Labour, the RGC launched the NAP on the Reduction of Child Labour and Elimination of Worst Forms of Child Labour 2016-2025 on 8 November 2016. The NAP highlights multi- sectoral intervention which requires collaboration from other ministries, institutions and related partners. Subsequently,the National Committee on Child Labour155 has been established by RGC to facilitate the effective implementation of the plan.

Please see Annex on point 23.b under point I.2. Economic Exploitation including Child Labour on the number of children rescued and provided with vocational trainings.

127. There are also other activities related to the prevention of economic exploitation and child labour:

- The Ministry of Commerce has established and implement the Program called Better Factory Cambodia. - The Ministry of Industry and Handicraft is attentive to the issues of children in industries and handicrafts under the ministry’s competency, and urges all enterprises and manufactures to carefully check the age of the job applicants prior to recruiting them, in accordance to the Labour Code and the RGC’s policies. - Since 2014, Garment Manufacturers of Cambodia (GMAC) has signed an agreement with ILO BFC toeliminate child labour in Cambodia. - The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries has implemented the policy and 2016-2020 strategic plan on child protection and development in agriculture.

CHILD DOMESTIC WORKERS

128. Child domestic workers are the main target of the campaign against CL in Cambodia. As the Labour Code does not cover this kind of work, MoLVT is conducting a study with partners to develop a child protection policy in this area. According to a study on child domestic workers in 2004, there were a total of 29,650 child domestic workers in Phnom Penh. The Inter-Census 2013 of the NIS showed that this number has decreased to only 6,890 in 2012.

MoI has issued regulations on the measures to be taken against abuse of child domestic workers. Following that, the Capital/Provincial authorities have issued its decisions to prevent child domestic workers, and have collaborated with the sub-national competent authorities rescuing the child victims of abuse.

D.2. The Use of Children in the Illicit Production and Trafficking of Substance 129. Direct incitement of a minor to unlawfully and regularly consume large quantities of substance shall be punishable with imprisonment from six months to two years and a fine from 1 to 4 million Riels156.

Please see point 107 para. 1 above on the establishment of Centers for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Drug Users.

Please see also point 109 above.

D.3. Sexual Exploitation and Abuse 130. Please see Section VI. Violence against Children on point C. Sexual Exploitation and Abuse.

D.4. Sale, Trafficking and Abduction of Children CO. No. 74 131. The 2008 Human Trafficking Law and the 2009 Criminal Code defined the sale, prostitution, pornographic materials and obscene acts as criminal offences that shall be punished with imprisonment from 10 to 20 years, if the victim is a minor.

The suppression of human trafficking between 2012 and 2016 is as follows157: Description 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Human trafficking and 135 93 94 94 49 Sexual Exploitation (cases)

Crimes (Times) 838 790 716 751 529 Misdemeanours (Times) 1,856 1,926 2,098 1,958 1,483

From 2009 to 2012, MoJ disseminated laws related to women and children to 9,200 judges and prosecutors, court clerks and judicial policemen in the Capital / provinces158.

On the number of children having received medical, mental and legal support, please see Annex on I. Special Protection Measures, point 24.b.

D.5. Other Forms of Exploitation 132. The laws prohibites media from publishing photo or picture that reveals the name or identity of the child involved in a civil or criminal litigation, except if authorized by the court159.

The Ministry of Information has issued the Guideline No. 37 warning all TV stations and cable TV to refrain from broadcasting rape scenes or pornographic pictures, cruel scenes, activities of children outside education system that have negative impacts on children, and commercial advertisement enticing children to smoke or drink.

The Human Trafficking Law provides the concealment of identity of victim that “newspapers and all other mass media shall be prohibited from publishing or broadcasting or disseminating any information which can lead to public knowledge of the identities of the victims of offenses stipulated in this law”. Other forms of exploitation shall include the exploitation of prostitution of others, pornographic pictures and materials, commercial sex act, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, debt bondage, involuntary servitude, child labour or the removal of organs, which shall be punished160.

MoSVY 2008 Prakas No. 198 provides that in all circumstances, the communication about and disclosure of child’s information shall respect and protect the best interest of the child161.

Besides all above mentioned acts, subjecting a minor to working conditions that are harmful to his or her health or physical development shall be considered as a form of exploitation, and punishable with imprisonment from 2 to 5 years, and to 15 years if it results in the death of the victim162.

Please see the provisions of the Law on Tourism on points 65 and 149.

E. Children in Conflict with the Law, Child Victim and Witnesses of Crime E1. Child Justice CO. No.77 133. The JJ law helped increasing the protection of children from abuse when a Juvenile Court has not been in place. During the time when the JJ Law was not yet adopted, several activities have been done163:

- The adoption of the Criminal Code in 2009 that contains special provisions related to children, such as community works, measures on monitoring, education and protection, the no-implementation of recidivism on children;

- The development of anonymous complaint procedures for incarcerated children;

- The legal support for children involved with the laws by BARK and NGOs;

- The implementation of the pilot project on prevention and diversion in 3 provinces;

- Capacity building provided to 78 prison guards from 24 Capital/Provinces on child rights, child development and child justice, implemented by the Prison General Secretariat.

134. Cambodia continues to accelerate the Legal and Judicial Reform, to: - Strengthen the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms; - Enhance the quality of legal process and related services; - Enlarge alternative dispute resolution mechanisms; - Strengthen the Legal and Judicial sector institutions to fulfil their mandates164.

Cambodia is still facing challenges in justice, such as lack of expert judges for juvenile court, lack of officers working on new registration system (model court), lack of budget on penal cases, and lack of lawyer for minors165. As of 2016, there were only 278 judges, 184 prosecutors and 218 clerks all over the country andthere were a total of 1,203 lawyers166.

135. Although, there has not been a juvenile court, the existing laws in force ensure that children are not abused or wrongly punished when entering in conflict with the law, especially during arrest and investigation.

The Criminal Code provides that only the conduct that constituted an offence at the time its occurence occurred that may give rise to criminal conviction. A penalty may be imposed only if it was legally applicable at the time the offence was committed167.

On execution principle when working with children in conflict with the law, please see point No. 38 above.

The laws provide that detained minors shall be separated from detained adults. Arrested minors shall be separated from adults, and by sex. Buildings and cells shall have enough natural light, natural ventilation; toilets with installed water supply system and electricity. Prisons ahall have a health post, rooms for medical treatment of prisoners and a prison medical officier on a permanent basic.

Prisons shall have facilities for practicing religions, a library, education, vocational training, and exercise168.

136. To avoid abuse from adults, the JJ Law provides that the establishment of youth rehabilitation centres in the municipal/provinces to manage minors in conflict with the law under the supervision of MoSVY169. Please see also point No. 68 above.

For the number of arrested minor under 18, please see Annex on I.4. CICL and Administration of Juvenile Justice.

MoSVY is preparing a three-year NAP 2016-2018 on the Implementation of the JJ Law. Currently, a pilot project is implemented in 5 provinces.

E.2. Protection of Witnesses and Victims of Crime CO. No. 78 137. The principles and provisions on basic rights of minors in conflict with the law stipulated in the JJ Law also provide protection for the victims of crime and the witnesses170. The court shall organize non-public hearing, using child friendly procedures, and the lawyer, social worker or prosecutor may request to use the screen during the audience171.

MoJ has issued a Prakas172 on the Use of Court Screen and Courtroom TV-Linked Testimony from Child.

The MoSVY Policy on the Protection of the Rights of Victims of Human Trafficking No. 062 and the Prakas No. 857173 define the practical steps in assisting the child.

The RGC is currently preparing a draft law on the protection of witnesses and victims of the crime, which would cover all cases.

E.3. Children Deprived of their Liberty 138. Please see points No. 133 to 136 above.

E.4. Death penalty of children and life imprisonment

139. Cambodia does not have capital punishment174. Only the crime of genocide, the crime against humanity, the crime of war shall be punished by life imprisonment175. But life imprisonment has never been applied on children.

E.5. Rehabilitation and Reintegration 140. Please see point No. 131 above and Annex on point 25b under I4. CICL and Administration of Juvenile Justice.

E.6. Dissemination and Training of the JJ Law 141. After its promulgation, MoSVY and the CNCC disseminated the JJ Law 4 times in 2016 and 2017 (as of March), to 591 participants. In 2017, MoJ disseminated the law to judges, prosecutors, policemen, military policemen and local authorities in Siem Reap. However, the dissemination was done in a small scale and short period of time due to limited resources.

In 2017, the Military Police organized 2 training sessions in Siem Reap on skills to work with child victims to its 69 officers (12 women) from all provinces.

F. Chidren in Armed Conflict, Including Physical and Psychological Recovery and Reintegration 142. Except under the Democratic Kampuchea in the past, no single child is serving the armed forces. The age of military obligation is from 18 to 30 years old, and Cambodian female citizens shall fulfil on voluntary basis176.

For detailed information, please see Annex on I.6. Children in Armed Conflict.

XI. FOLLOW-UP TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE CRC ON CHILD TRAFFICKING, CHILD PROSTITUTION AND CHILD PORNOGRAPHY

A. Data Collection CO. No. 7 143. A comprehensive database on children has not been established beside separate databases in different ministries. In 2017, the database on criminal cases (including children cases) and gender related violence has been set up in 12 municipal and provincial courts for the first time. According to the plan, this system would be set up in all municipal and provincial courts.

Please see point 27 above.

B. General Measures of Implementation B.1. National Action Plan CO. No. 9

144. The 2014-2018 NAP of the NCCT has been adopted and is now under implementation. In addition to direct monitoring of the implementation, regular monitoring and evaluation of counter trafficking activities has been undertaken through reporting on month, quarter and semester basis to find out the strengths, points to be improved and challenges.

Please see also point No. 15 above.

B.2. Coordination CO. No. 11 145. Please see point No. 9 above.

B.3. Dissemination and Awareness raising Co. No. 13 146. In November 2015, the CNCC organized a discussion to share tasks to different ministries and institutions. The RGC then issued the Circular No. 4 dated 17 March 2017 toproviding the guidelines to all related ministries, institution and local authorities to pay attention on the implementation of Committee’s recommendations, in collaboration with national and international DPs, especially to the CNCC to well

52 disseminate the Circular along with the CO. The CNCC has organized a workshop in 2016 to disseminate the Circular and the CO. to 80 officials from ministries, institutions and NGOs.

In 2017, the CNCC Secretariat organized 2 National Consultative Workshops on the implementation of the Committee’s recommendations on optional protocol of the CRC to review the progress of the implementation.

MoEYS has instructed to all public and private schools to celebrate the National Day against Human Trafficking on 12th December, and has established structures on mainstreaming and reporting within the municipal and provincial DoEYS so as to strengthen the effectiveness in preventing human trafficking in the community.

During 2016, ministries, institutions and related DPs have organized 3,471 campaigns on the prevention of human trafficking with 253,094 participants. The Central Department of Border Police has participated in the dissemination of the Human Trafficking Law during 115 campaigns on the implementation of the Safe Commune/Village Policy to people living along the Cambodian-Thai borders. MoWA organized forums along the Cambodian-Vietnamese borders in Kandal province, with 300 participants.

The contents on the prevention of human trafficking, safe migration and the offenders’ tricks have been integrated into 27,140 campaigns on education and dissemination of the Safe Commune/Village Policy in 23 municipality and provinces.

Other activities include:

- The production and distribution of posters and leaflets on human trafficking, especially child trafficking and under-15 child labour, with participation from NGOs such as WVI, Winrock International, Terre des Hommes Holland and Chab Dai.

- The production and distribution / dissemination of awareness-raising materials such as T-shirts, Information bags, agenda, banners, slogans, art performances, reporting, films and short Videos.

- The dissemination by the NCCT through the media such as Twitter, Facebook, telegram, Messenger. MoEYS has launched an incidental information system through social communication/media within schools, DoEYS and MoEYS, and among the inter-ministerial WG members and institutions to release the

information of prevention works. The Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts has recommended inserting the messages on the impacts of trafficking, CL and sexual exploitation in the production of cinema and songs.

CO. No. 15 147. There is not yet a special budget allocations for the trainings of this Optional Protocol. However, several trainings of professionals working with children, such as judges, prosecutor, judicial policemen and local authorities have been organized.

For more details on trainings, please see Annex on point 2.

C. Prevention of Child Trafficking, Prostitution and Pornography C.1. Measures Adopted to Prevent Offences Prohibited under the Protocol CO. No. 17 148. On point a and e of recommendation No. 17, please see point 65 above.

For point b of recommendation No. 17, please see point 46 above.

For point c of recommendation No. 17, please see points 127 to 130 above.

For point d of recommendation No. 17, please see point 87 above.

Mechanism to monitor and prevent child domestic worker has not yet been in place.

NCCT is an important mechanism of the state that leads, coordinates and urges the prevention of human trafficking. A total of 30,199 mass education and awareness raising campaigns have been conducted through public forums, meetings, workshops, the media and social network to the públics and all state oficials at all levels down to the communities in 2016. The prevention educations have been done through:

- the distribution of key chains with contact numbers for emergency services; - billboards and posters on safe migration and reduction of human trafficking in libràries; - the dissemination of hotline numbers of MoI’s AHT-JP Department and NGOs (LSCW, LICADO, CWCC, WEC) in factories; - MoEYS’ scholarship to 7,308 students of public lower secondary schools and 2,600 students of upper secondary schools in 2016. 1,883 drop-outs students were encouraged to enrol in school in 2016;

- morale education on avoidance of violence and discrimination in collaboration with CWCC; - child labour prevention program in collabortion with WV by providing means of transportation, school uniforms and so on; and - the Cambodian Red Cross’s food and cash assistance to victims, from 2017 to April 2018, assistance has been provided to 83,246 victims, of whom 2,587 were mothers and babies and 5,910 were orphans).

Another measure to combat human trafficking is the management of the flow of migrants, including children.

Surrogacy, as a part of scientific pregnancy, is firmly prohibited, and the embryonic development for commercial purpose or other purpose besides helping a married couple to have a baby is also prohibited. Cambodia recognizes that there is gaps in the laws on pregnancy177.

C.2. Child Sex Tourism Co. No. 19

149. Please see point 65 above.

D. Prohibition of Child Trafficking, Pornography and Child Prostitution and Related Issues D.1. Existing Criminal and Other Laws and Regulations

CO. No. 21

150. The Human Trafficking Law has not been amended.

D.2. Impunity

CO. No. 23 151. In criminal matters, Cambodia’s law is applicable to any person who instigates or is an accomplice to a felony or misdemeanor178. The Criminal Code provides on the exclusion of criminal responsibility in cases, but the law never allows impunity.

The Law on Anti-Corruption and the Anti-Corruption Unit are special mechanisms to prevent corruption.

In 2017, MoJ conducted a 100-Day Campaign on Law Enforcement. The law on Witness Protection is being drafted.

D.3. Extraterritorial Jurisdiction and Extradition

CO. No.25 152. Please see in the 1st and 2nd Report on the Implementation of the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Child Trafficking, Prostitution and Pornography 2002-2010 under point No. 46. The extradition of a foreign resident who has been arrested in the territory of the Kingdom of Cambodia shall be governed by the provisions of international conventions and treaties ratified by the Kingdom of Cambodia179. So Article 5 of the Optional Protocol can also be considered as a basis of law.

Besides the agreements as stated in point 175 of this report, Cambodia has signed the treaties with different countries, such as England and Peru on transfer of the convicted.

E. Protection of the Rights of Child Victims

E.1. Measures Adopted to Protect the Rights and Interests of Child Victims of Offences Prohibited under the Optional Protocol

CO. No. 27

153. Please see in the 1st and 2nd Report on the Implementation of the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Child Trafficking, Prostitution and Pornography 2002-2010 under points No. 53 to 61. In general, there are good collaborations between the CNCC and the Civil Society working for and with Children. More efforts are required to enhence legal support and understanding on the Optional Protocol among local authorities.

E.2. Criminal Justice System and Protection Measures CO. No. 29 154. Please in see the 1st and 2nd Report on the Implementation of the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Child Trafficking, Prostitution and Pornography 2002-2010 under points No. 53 and 54. Cambodia recognizes that although the RGC has adopted a Law against human trafficking, an explanatory note on the implementation of Criminal Code, Sub- law standards on child friendly procedures and child protection mechanism, and conducted several trainings, there are still more to be done to ensure the presence of the effective criminal justice system.

E.3. Recovery and Reintegration of Victims CO. No. 31 155. Please see Annex on point 24b under I.3. Sexual Exploitation, Abuse and Trafficking.

See also point No. 131 above.

F. International Assistance and Cooperation

F.1. Multilateral, Bilateral and Regional Agreement CO. No. 32

156. Please see point No. 176 below (Regional and International Cooperation).

F.2. International Cooperation CO. No. 33 157. Please see point No. 21 above (International Development Agencies’ Aid). Cambodia has signed bilateral and multilateral agreements related to legislative and justice sector as follows:

- Extradition Treaty between Cambodia and Thailand in 1998, and Agreement on the Transfer Referral of the Convicts and Collaboration in the Implementation of Criminal Conviction between Cambodia and Thailand in 2009;

- Extradition Treaty between Cambodia and Vietnam in 2013, and the 2016 Treaty on Mutual Criminal Assistance in 2016;

- Extradition Treaty between Cambodia and Laosin 1999, and the signin of a Treaty on Mutusal Criminal Assistance is is the process;

- MOU on Legal and Judicial Collaboration against Human Trafficking between Ministry of Justice of Cambodia and Vietnam in 2009;

- Agreement on Collaboration to Combat Human Trafficking between Cambodia and China in 2016;

- Agreement on Extradition between Cambodia and the Korean Replublic in 2011;

- Extradition Treaty between Cambodia and France in 2015; and 180 - Extradition Treaty between Cambodia and Russia in 2017 . Currently, Cambodia is discussing with Russia, France and South Korea on mutual criminal assistance, and with India on Extradition Treaty.

Besides these, the COMMIT Cambodia has signed the MOU against Human Trafficking between Cambodia, China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam181.

G. Ratification of the Optional Protocol on a Communication Procedures CO. No. 34

158. Two consultative Workshops have been organized on the Optional Protocol on a communication Procedure. The Optional Protocol has been translated into Khmer and disseminated. Cambodia is now studying on situations and appropriate time to become the party to the Optional Protocol.

H. Follow Up and Dissemination H.1. Follow-Up CO. No. 35

159. Please see points 25 and 146 above.

H.2. Dissemination of the CO CO. No. 36 160. The public, civil society, professisonals, youth and children can easily find the Report responding to Questions and Concluding Observation in tow main websites: - the CNCC’s website: http://www.cncc.gov.kh/mcncc - UNICEF’s website: https://www.unicef.org/cambodia/results_for_children_ 20436.html.

XII. FOLLOW-UP TO THE OPTIONAL PROTOCOL TO THE CRC ON THE INVOLVEMENT OF CHILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICT A. General Measures of Implementation A.1. Coordination CO. No. 7 161. Please see points 9 and 10 above (Implementation and Coordination Mechanism).

A.2. Independent Monitoring CO. No. 9 162. Please see point 22 above (Independent Monitoring).

A.3. Dissemination, Awareness Raising and Training

CO. No. 11 163. Please see point 146 above (Disseminations and Awareness Raising).

B. Data CO. No. 13 164. Please see point 27 above (Data Collection).

C. Prevention

C.1. Age Verification Procedures

CO. No. 15

165. Please see point No. 46 on birth registration above and Annex on point B. The procudures for the recruitment of soldiers, armed force cadets, police officers and police cadets do not allow for minors. The requirements for birth certificate at school enrollment and job application to encourage birth registration and prevent child labour.

For more information, please see Annex on I.6. Children in Armed Conflict including their Rehabilitation and Social Reintegration.

D. Prohibition and Related Issues D.1. Existing Criminal Legistation and Provisions CO. No. 17 166. Please see point No. 38 (Other Legal Provisions) of the 2002-2010 Cambodia’s Report on the Implementation of the Optional Protocol to the CRC related to the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict. In the situation of complete peace, the amendment of the Criminal Code related to children in Armed Conflict shall be considered along with other regulations or special provisions shall be included in the separate law on child protection.

D.2. Extraterritorial Jurisdiction and Extradition CO. No. 19 167. In principle, an extradition may be made only if the prosecuted facts against the wanted person constitute an offense under the laws of both the requesting State and the

Kingdom of Cambodia182. The deletion of conditions of extradition that requires that the fact is an offence in the requesting state and in Cambodia (double crime) needs a deep analysis of the law and the determination of impacts on other provisions of the Criminal Procedures Code.

E. Protection, Recovery and Reintegration E.1. Measures Adopted to Protect the Rights of Child Victims CO. No. 21 168. Cambodia does not have such a situation, as there is no child in the armed forces.

For more information, please see Annex on I.6. Children in Armed Conflicts, including physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration.

CO. No. 23 169. Please see point No. 74 above (Measures to Promote the Physical and Psychological Recovery and Social Reintegration of Child Victims).

E.2. Assistance for Physical and Psychological Recovery

CO. No. 25 170. Please see point No. 44 above (Victim of Mine).

F. International Assistance and Cooperation CO. No. 26

171. Cambodia has had good collaboration with UN Agencies, Embassies and Foreign Country Permanent Representatives in the realization of child rights in general, and in the implementation of the Optional Protocol.

G. Ratification of the Optional Protocol on Complaint Proedures CO. No. 27 172. Please see point No. 158 above (Ratification of the Optional Protocol on Complaint Procedures).

H. Follow up and Dissemination CO. No. 28

173. Please see point No. 146 above (Dissemination and Awareness Raising).

CO. No. 29 174. Please see point No. 160 above (Dissemination of CO).

XIII. RATIFICATION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUMENTS CO. No. 177

175. Cambodia ratified the Convention on the Right of Persons with Disabilities in 2012, and the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance in 2013. Cambodia has already signed the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families183. Besides these, Cambodia has also signed other international instruments, especially the Optional Protocol to the CEDAW184 in 2009, and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change in 2016.

The RGC is considering the possibilities to accede the International Convention N0. 189 on Decent Work for Domestic Workers185.

XIV. COOPERATION WITH REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL BODIES

CO. No. 82 176. As a member of ASEAN, Cambodia has actively collaborated with regional and international bodies, including:

st - Hosted the 21 ASEAN Meeting in 2012 and has arranged the launch of the ASEAN Declaration on Human Rights and the Phnom Penh Statement.

- Organized a Consultative Meeting on the Draft ASEAN Action Plan on the Elimination of Violence against Children in 2015. As the result, the Action Plan has finally been adopted by the AMMSWD. Besides these, Cambodia has ratified several ASEAN instruments, especially:

- The ASEAN Charter in 2008;

- The Treaty on Mutual Criminal Assistance in 2010; 186 - The ASEAN Convention against Terrorism in 2010 ;

- The Hanoi Declaration on Welfare Improvement and Women and Children Development in ASEAN, in 2010;

- The ASEAN Declaration on Zero HIV Transmission, Discrimination and Dead in 2011;

- The Bali Declaration on the Enhancement of the Role and Participation of Persons with Disabilities in ASEAN, in 2011; and

- The ASEAN Convention against Human Trafficking, especially Women and Children, in 2016187.

1 2013 Inter-Censal Survey and Summary Report on Main Realizations of the Royal Government of Cambodia 2012-2016, p.1

2 Inter-Census 2013 and Summary Report on Main Realizations of the Royal Government of Cambodia 2012-2016, p.1 3 CDHS 2014 - Key Indicator Report, p. 17 4 Summary Report on Main Realizations of the Royal Government of Cambodia 2012-2016, p. 81 5 CDHS 2014 Key Indicator Report, p. 9 6 CDHS 2014 Key Indicator Report, p. 9 7 2016-2025 NSPPF, p.3 8 Summary Report on Main Realizations of the Royal Government of Cambodia 2012-2016, p. 43 9 lbid. p. 50 10 Through the Decision No. 027 dated 28 February 2017 11 Rectangular Strategy Phase III, p. 9 12 Gap Analysis of Child Protection Legislations in the Kingdom of Cambodia, 2014 13 Through the Royal Decree No. ns/rkt/1209/1201 dated 21 December 2009 on the Establishment of the CNCC, and through the Sub-Decree No. 02 dated 05 January 2010 on the Organization and Functioning of the CNCC Secretariat. 14 Decision No. 105 dated 01 September 2015 on the Establishment of a National Child Protection Commission 15 2014-2018 Strategic Plan of the CNCC, p. 12 - 20 16 Cambodia’s Multilingual Education National Action Plan Fact Sheet, p. 1 17 2014-2018 NPA of the National Committee for Counter Trafficking, p. 2 18 Technical Guidelines on the Preparation of the 3-Years Rolling Plan of Commune/Sangkat, point No.3, and Technical Guidelines on the Preparation of the Commune/Sangkat Development Plan, point No. 3 19 Decision No. 092/003/2007 dated 10 July 2007 20 2014 Law on Organization and Functioning of the Court Art. 14 21 Circular No. 08 dated 13 July 2012 on the “Implementation of the Recommendations of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child”. 22 Circular No. 04 dated 17 March 2016 on the “Implementation of the Recommendations of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child”. 23 Updated 2009-2013 NSDP, p. 200 24 FY17 annual report, PLAN International Cambodia, 30 August 2017 25 Constitution, Art. 45, 46 and 48 26 Criminal Code, Art. 265 and 270 27 2016-2018 National Population Policy, Point 3.1.1. Spatial and Regional Disparities, of Part 3 - Demographic Consequences on Development, p.11 28 2016-2023 National Social Protection Framework p. xii 29 Rectangular Strategy Phase III, p. 56 30 Promulgated by the Royal Kram No ns/rkm/0716/009 dated 14 July 2016. 31 Law on Juvenile Justice, Art. 1 32 Law on Juvenile Justice, Art. 45 and 63 33 Law on Prison, Art. 41 and 67 34 Source: MoH 35 CNCC Report on Children Situation in 2016 and Target for 2017, p. 8 36 2015 Annual Report of the Cambodian Red Cross 37 Summary Report of the RGC Realizations 2012-2016, p. 84 38 Such as Safety When It Matters (SWIM) Cambodia and St. John Brigade Singapore 39 2014-2018 NSDP, p. 76-77 40 Decision No. 100 dated 27 May 14 on the Establishment of a Working Group to manage, monitor and collect data on services provided to victims of mine and ERW, Art.1 41 Civil Code, Art. 1024 42 Decision No. 018 dated 24 February 2014 on Guideline for the Implementation of Child Participation 43 Please also see Art. 41 of the Constitution, and Art. 12 and 13 of the CRC 44 Prakas No.4275 on the Organization and Functioning of the WCCC (2009), Art. 4 and 6 45 Sub-Decree No. 103 dated 29 June 2000 and Guideline No. 049 on Campaign on Mobile Birth Registration Nationwide dated 30 June 2004

46 Please see also Art. 33 of the Constitution, Art.2 of the Law on Nationality and Art.19 of Sub-Decree 103 and Art. 985 of Civil Code 47 ICA Law, Art. 46 and Civil Code, Art.1019 48 Civil Code, Art.1001 and 1004 49 Constitution, Art. 41 50 JJ Law, Art. 5 51 Constitution, Art. 43 52 2011 Law on Prison, Art. 13 53 Sub-Decree No. 66 dated 18 February 13 on Organization and Functioning of the YCC Secretariat, Art. 8 54 Law on Association and NGOs, Art. 1, 3 and 5 55 Criminal Code, Art.299, 301 and 302 56 JJ Law, Art. 5 57 Civil Code, Art. 10-13 58 http://www.asiawaves.net/cambodia-tv.html 59 http://phnom-penh/restonet/pp/annuaire.nsf/webpages/liste_radios_gb.html!opendocument&l=gb 60 Law on Control of Tobacco Products, Art. 11 61 Draft Law on Alcohol Control, Art. 8 62 2009 Policy and Minimum Standards on the Protection of the Rights of Victims of Human Trafficking. 63 Protecting Cambodian Children? The Role of Commune Committees for Women and Children, and Informal Community-based Child Protection Mechanism in Cambodia, p.5-7 64 CNCC, Report of Children Situation in 2016 and Targets for 2017 65 Explanatory Note on Article 1045 of Civil Code 66 Source: CNCW 67 Criminal Code, Art. 239 68 2008 Human Trafficking Law, Art. 28, 34, 41 and 42 and Criminal Code, Art. 241 69 2008 Human Trafficking Law, Art. 43 and Criminal Code Art. 340 70 Guidelines No. 001 dated 20 October 2008 on the Implementation of the Human Trafficking Law 71 Prakas No. 62/08 dated 06 October 2008 72 Decision No. 71 dated 20 November 2009 on the Establishment of the Cambodian Working Group against Human Trafficking in the Great Sub-Mekong Region, called the Cambodian COMMIT Working Group 73 Law on Tourism, Art. 11 74 Law on Tourism, Art. 56 and 57 75 Criminal Code, Art. 39 76 Criminal Code, Art. 96 and 212 77 Sub-Decree No. 155 dated 29 September 2017 on Organization and Functioning of the Youth Rehabilitation Centre 78 Criminal Procedures Code, Art. 533 79 2014-2018 NSDP, p. 29-30 80 By Sub-Decree 122 dated 07 August 2009 On the Establishment of National Torture Prevention Mechanism 81 By Royal Kret N0. ns/rkt/0817/619 dated 22 August 2017 on the Establishment of National Committee against Torture or Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 82 MoWA, MoSVY, MoEYS, MoH, MoI, MoJ, MoLVT, Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of Information, Ministry of Cult and Religion, NIS of Ministry of Planning, the CNCC and National AIDS Authority 83 MoCR Prakas No. 162/17 dated 09 October 2017 on The Launch of the book on Buddhist Responses to VAC for Bachelor Degree of Buddhist Education 84 By Royal Kret No. ns/rkt/0412/317 dated 04 April 2013 and Sub-Decree No. 190 on the Establishment and Functioning of the General Secretariat of the National Committee 85 Sub-Decree No. 119 (2015) on Residential Care Management, Art. 4 and 9 86 Civil Code, Art. 1048 87 Civil Code, Art. 1073 88 2006 Policy on Alternative Care 89 Civil Code, Art. 1049 90 Civil Code, Art. 1016 and 1017 91 Report on Residential Care Institution Mapping in 25 municipality and provinces in Cambodia 92 Established by Prakas No. 257 dated 21 March 2008, then revised by Prakas No. 225 dated 10 October 2011on Establishment and Functioning of Offices and Centres under Child Welfare Department 93 Letter No. 008 MoSVY dated 25 March 2015 94 MoSVY: 2016 Annual Report and Targets for 2017, p.4

95 Sub-Decree No. 34 dated 07 March 2017, Art. 1 and 2 96 Prakas No. 448 dated 10 April 2013 on ICA Fees and Contributions 97 ICA Law, Art. 5 and 25 98 2011 Prakas on Procedures to Implement the Policy on Alternative Care 99 1. Amici dei Bambini, AIBI, 2. Cambodia International Family Apple (CIFA), 3. SOCIETE FORMONS UNE FAMILIE INC., 4. Cammenita Di Sant egidio, 5. CREIXER JUNTS, 6. NAAA Onlus, 7. CIAI, 8. Ariete Office in Phnom Penh, 9. Lo Scoiattolo ONLUS (LOSO), 10. Christian World Adoption, 11. Agence Francaise de I' Adoption, 12. Children's Hope International, 13. Adoption Associates, Inc and 14. Adopt Abroad. 100 Constitution, Art. 44 101 Law on Expropriation, Art.2 102 Order No. 01 dated 07 May 2012, 2014-2018 NSDP, p.52 103 Summary Report on Main Realizations of the Royal Government of Cambodia 2012-2016, p. 27-28 104 Law on Prison, Art. 40 105 Law on Prison, Art. 41 and 67 106 Law on Prison, Art. 81 107 Decision No. 09 dated 17 February 2015 108 Law on Protection and Promotion of the Rights of People with Disabilities, Art. 2 109 2013 Inter-Census Survey, Report No. 5 on Disabilities, p.23 110 Summary Report on Main Realizations of the Royal Government of Cambodia 2012-2016, p. 76 111 MoI’s 2016 Annual Report and Targets for 2017, p. 5 112 2007 Law on Education, Art. 38-39 113 Items 76, 78 and 79, General Comment No. 9 (2006) The Rights of Children with Disabilities. 114 Summary Report on Main Realizations of the Royal Government of Cambodia 2012-2016, p. 78 115 lbid. p. 81 116 2014-2018 NSDP, p. 119-121 117 lbid. p. 122 118 lbid. p. 125 119 2010 Most at Risk Young People Survey, p. 10 120 2012 Cambodian Mental Health Survey 2012 121 MoH’s 2016 Annual Report 122 Sub-Decree No. 162 dated 22 December 2010 on the Establishment of Center for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Drug Users, Art.1 and 3 123 Law on Drug Control, Chapter 6 on Treatment and Rehabilitation 124 Law on Drug Control, Art 100 125 Law on Drug Control, Art. 101-103 126 Summary Report on Main Realizations of the Royal Government of Cambodia 2012-2016, p. 3 127 Item 2, General Comment No. 4 (2003) Adolescent Health and Development in the Context of the CRC. 128 Criminal Code, Art. 343 129 Law on Drug Control, Art. 42-44 and 50-52 130 Dated 4 April 2017 131 Law on Control of Tobacco Products, Art. 1, 15-17, 44 and 46 132 2016-2025 NSPPF, p. xii-xiii 133 Point 19 of CNCC 2016 Report on Children Situation and Targets for 2017 134 MoH’s 2016 Annual Report 135 The United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, 2016 Cambodia Operational Plan, p.6 136 Constitution, Art. 65-67 137 Rectangular Strategy Phase p.48 138 Summary Report on Main Realizations of the Royal Government of Cambodia 2012-2016, p. 77 139 Summary Report on Main Realizations of the Royal Government of Cambodia 2012-2016, p. 44 140 2014-2018 NSDP, p.69 141 2014-2018 NSDP, p.69 142 Source: Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts 143 MoEYS’s 2014-2015 Report and Targets for 2015-2016 144 Source: Ministry of Information 145 2007 Law on Education, Art. 2 146 CRC, Art. 29. Cambodia is a State Party, so Cambodia agrees that child education shall strive towards the objective. 147 UNHCR, Cambodia on track to become refugee model for Southeast Asia, 20 October 2008 148 Dated 17 December 2009Sub-Decree No. 224, Art. 7

149 Sub-Decree No. 224, Art. 7 on Procedures for Recognition as Refugee or Providing Asylum Rights to Foreigners in the Kingdom of Cambodia 150 Sub-Decree No. 224, Art. 9 and 13 151 Gap Analysis of Child Protection Legislation in the Kingdom of Cambodia, p. 66 152 2000 Sub-Decree No. 103 on Civil Registration, Art. 27 153 OHCHR’s Report: A/HRC/33/39 dated 26 August 2016, page 16 154 Prakas No. 482 MoSVY dated 29 February 2016 on The Transformation of the Por Senchey Vocational Training Center into the DoSVY Transit Centre 155 Decision No. 863 dated 24 March 2016 on Rearrangement of the Technical Working Group 156 By Royal Decree No. ns/rkt/1116/1044 dated 17 November 2016 157 Criminal Code, Art. 343 158 Summary Report on Main Realizations of the Royal Government of Cambodia 2012-2016, p. 2 159 Law on Press Regime 1995, Art. 15 160 Law on the Suppression of Human Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation, Art. 10 and 49 161 2008 Prakas No. 198 on Minimum Standards of Alternative Care for Children in the Community, Art. 10 162 Criminal Code, Art. 339 and 340 163 CNCC’s Report on Access to Justice, October 2013, points 1, 18 and 28 164 2014-2018 NSDP, p 14 165 2014-2018 NSDP, p 19 166 Summary Report on Main Realizations of the Royal Government of Cambodia 2012-2016, p. 12 167 Criminal Code, Art. 3 168 Law on Prison, Art. 5, 26, 28, 38 and 52 and JJ Law, Art. 11-14, 23 and 26 169 JJ Law, Art. 76 170 JJ Law, Art. 5 and 6 171 JJ Law, Art. 47 and 48 172 Prakas No. 62/08 dated 06 October 2008 on the Use of Court Screen and Courtroom TV-Linked Testimony from Child 173 Prakas No. 857 dated 03 September 2009 on Minimum Standards of Protection of Victims of Human Trafficking 174 Constitution, Art. 32 175 Criminal Code, Art. 184, 189 and 195 176 2006 Law on Military Obligation, Art. 2 177 Prakas No. 679 dated 24 October 2016 on Management of Blood, Sperm, Bone Marrow and Human Stem Cells, Art. 12 and 17 178 Criminal Code, Art. 17 and 31-33, 179 Criminal Procedures Code, Art. 567 180 2014-2018 NSDP, p. 17 181 Summary Report on Main Realizations of the Royal Government of Cambodia 2012-2016, p. 91 182 Criminal Procedures Code, Art. 569 183 http://cambodia.ohchr.org/en/rule-of-law/overview 184 http://www.national-assembly.org/group-law 185 Guidelines No. 01 dated 05 July 2013 on Management of the Labour Force and the Flow of Cambodian Migrant Workers 186 http://www.national-assembly.org/group-law 187 ASEAN Human Rights Timeline, https://humanrightsinasean.info/asean-background/asean-and-human- rights.html

------

ANNEX

A. GENERAL MEASURES OF IMPLEMENTATION (ARTS. 4, 42 AND 44, PARA. 6) 1. Allocation of resources for social services in comparison to total expenditure during the reporting period  The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) has successively increased the budget for the social sector. There has been an increase of 19.72% in 2016 compared to 2015, which equals to 5.24% of the GDP. In 2017, it represents 37.1% of the national expenditure, equals to 5.43% of the GDP, and increases by 12.7% compared to 2016. For 2018, the budget planned for the social sector is 7,014,100 Million Riels, which equals to 7.08% of the GDP, and with an increase of 21.9% compared to 2017.

As for the Cambodian National Council for Children (CNCC), its budget has increased from 145 Million Riels in 2016 to 175 Million Riels in 2017.

Table compares the national budget plan of the social sector in 2017, 2016 and 2015 Budget per 20171 20162 20153 Year 2,383,673 Million Riels for 2,029,897 17.07% of 5 programs: Million Riels national - Development of formal, for the 5 current Ministry of non-formal and non-official programs expenditure Education, Youth education and Sports - Development of Higher (MoEYS) Education and Research - Development of Physical Education And Sports - Development of Soft Skills for Youth - Support to Educational. Services and Good Governance.

1 2017 Budget Summary, Department of Budgeting, MoEF p. 15-22 2 2016 Budget Summary, Department of Budgeting, MoEF p. 16-21 3 2015 Budget Summary, Department of Budgeting, MoEF (no mention of budget of MoSVY’s activities).

1,201,855 Million Riels for 1,110,791 11.03% 4 programs: Million Riels - Youth reproductive health, for the 4 Ministry of mother’s, infant’s and programs Health (MoH) child’s health, and nutrition - Prevention of infectious diseases - Non-infectious diseases and other public health issues - Strengthening Health System 749,763 Million Riels for 3 programs: Ministry of - Increase of effectiveness in Social Affairs, social welfare No info. No info. Veterans and - Strengthening and widening Youth of social security system, Rehabilitation and rehabilitation services (MoSVY) for people with disabilities - Strengthening general support services 189,759 Million Riels for 5 171,300 Million 1.27% programs: Riels for the 5 - Work conditions programs development and Ministry of harmonization of Labour and professional relationship Vocational - Job and labour development Training to enhance the provision of (MoLVT) services and information regarding labour market in Cambodia with quality & effectiveness - Social security development

- Strengthening general support services 42,741 Million Riels for 4 40,674 Million 0.38% programs: Riels for the 4 - Improvement of woman’ programs Ministry of economic status Women’s Affairs - Legal protection of women (MoWA) and girls - Gender mainstreaming into national policies and by sector - Institution management and development 116,750 Million Riels for 3 94,239 Million 0.72% Ministry of programs: Riels for the 3 Justice (MoJ) - Legal affairs programs - Court affairs - General support services

 For child labour, the Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training (MoLVT) received a national budget allocation of 400 million Riels in 2017 for the withdrawal and protection of children through prevention measures, education and vocational trainings (1 million

Riels per child, for a total of 400 children4).

 In 2016, the budget of the commune/sangkat funds is 2.8% of the state income which is equivalent to USD77,102,500, an increase of 12% compared to 2015.

2. Information on training on the Convention for professionals working with and for children  To facilitate the training on the CRC, in 2012, the CNCC developed a Manual on the Rights of the Child with support of UNICEF, the manual was to be used as the basis for a common trainings all over the country. Subsequently, a ToT was conducted for 28 trainers (10 female) from ministries and institutions who would roll out the training in

their respective ministry and institution.

4 Report from ministry of Labour and Vocational Training dated 5 October 2017, Page 1

The CNCC has issued a Decision on Guidelines on Child Participation, then provided 2 training sessions in 2016 to officials from the MoI’s Department of Administration and some of MoEYS’ Departments, School Heads and Deputies, and Commune/Sangkat Chiefs, with a total of 70 participants. A ToT was conducted for 26 CNCC staff and 37 NGOs staff from 2015 to 2017.

In 2016, the CNCC provided trainings and awareness raisings on the CRC its Optional Protocol and Child Participation Guidelines to CNCC staff and relevant officials at national and sub-national level: - The training on Mainstreaming the CRC into the Plan of ministries and institutions to MoWA, MoH and MoSVY staff (42 participants of whom 29 were females), and to the Siem Reap Provincial Council for Children (38 participants of whom 15 were females). - The training on the CRC, Child Protection, Child Participation, Strengthening of the Roles and Responsibilities of the Provincial Council for Children in Svay Rieng, Kratie and Tbaung Khmum (122 participants of whom 57 were females).

 The Ministry of Tourism has taken several measures to prevent child sex tourism, especially through trainings on Child Safe Tourism to Tour Employees, Operators and Guides in the Tourism Industry. In 2016, the Capital / Provincial WCCC conducted 3,471 campaigns on the subject with a total of 253,094 participants (133,414 females)5.

 Besides the production of short video spots on offenses broadcasted through the radios and TVs, MoJ provided educations and awareness raisings on basic laws and laws related to women and children to 9,200 judges, prosecutors, court clerks and judicial policemen between 2009 and 2012. MoJ has distributed 156,164 legislative books to the legislative, executive and judicial institutions as well as to the judicial policemen of the Capital, provinces and districts, lawyers, universities and institutes to be used as basis for works and researches6. Moreover, in 2009, MoJ produced a video spot entitle “Following children’s Eyesight” to educate child victims, witnesses and offenders about the roles of main actors in the criminal justice.

 Since 2015, MoEYS has raised the awareness on impacts of human trafficking, formalities and procedures of marriage between Cambodians and foreigners, the national and international legal frameworks on combatting human trafficking, the

5 2016 Children situation and Targets for 2017, CNCC p.31 6 NSDP 2014-2018, p.16

procedures of filing complaint to the court, the identification of offenders, and mechanism to combat human trafficking in education, youth and sport sector to MoEYS officers in 7 provinces with around 100 participants in each province7.

 MoWA has provided:

- The training on the process of legal resolution, victim counseling and community dialogue coordination to 106 CCWC (92 women);

- The training of trainers (ToT) on measures to prevent rape of women and girls to 144 provincial and district focal points who act as judicial policemen (135 women) in 24 provinces;

- The training on laws and procedures of operation of judicial police agents to 120 district Governors and Deputy Governors, district police Chiefs and Deputy Chiefs, Directors and Deputy Directors of provincial Department of Women’s Affairs, commune policemen and military policemen (100 women) in 24 provinces to increase their understanding and timely promote victim assistance

- 16 training sessions on 7 different subjects, such as laws and procedures on the operation of judicial police agents, guidelines on legal protection of women’s and children’s rights, development of healthy and happy relationship for adolescents and young caregivers, understanding violence and providing protection in the collaboration to help woman victims. The 684 participants (579 women) were judicial police officers, CCWCs, village volunteers, women with disabilities and relevant officials at the district level of 13 provinces.

- Trainings on laws and procedures on operation of MoWA’s municipal and provincial judicial police agents have been conducted since 2009-2012. In 2013-2014 and 2015-2016, trainings were provided in region, three regions per year in which one region consisted of 8 provinces. Participants in the trainings included provincial Department of Women’s Affairs, competent authorities and military police.

- ToTs were conducted and awareness raising campaigns were conducted twice in two regions covering 16 provinces on prevention of domestic violence and victim assistance using posters and videos. These campaigns reached 1,715 participants (1,268 women).

- Mainstreaming the messages on prevention of human trafficking, safe migration and tricks of offenders into 27,140 public forums which were part of the implementation of safe village/commune policy and reached 3,486,870 participants

(1,544,933 women) 8.

- Dissemination of measures to prevent domestic violence, management of anger, how to make a happy family and behavior change through the radio and direct campaigns to1,382 students and people (672 women).

Besides the above-mentioned trainings, there were also several trainings that contribute to the realization of child rights, such as the training on social work skills, social support skills, social policy and so on provided by the National Institute of Social Affairs. As of 2016, 441 students (157 females) have been trained9.

3. Child Protection Mechanisms  Besides the CNCC, there are several sectorial mechanisms to ensure effective coordination in the implementation of the CRC. Those mechanisms can be a committee,

commission or working group/task force10:

National Sub- Committee/Commission/Working group/Task Force level national level Cambodian National Council for Children (CNCC)   Sub-Committee on Child Labour and Other Forms of Child   Exploitation National Task Force for Orphan and Vulnerable Children (NOVCTF)   Disability Action Council (DAC)   National Committee for Counter Trafficking (NCCT) and its 6   Working Groups Livelihood Enhancement & Association of the Poor (LEAP)  National Committee for Sub-National Democratic  Development (NCDD)

8 Annual Report 2016 and Targets for 2017 of NCCT 9 Summary Report on Main Realizations of the Royal Government of Cambodia 2012-2016, p. 76 10 Mapping of RGC Committees, WGs and Structures working for Children, CNCC, 2013

National Committee against Torture and Other Cruel /Inhuman or  Degrading Treatment Council for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD)  Cambodian National Council for Women (CNCW)  Gender Technical Working Group of the Sub-Committee on Gender  related Violence Technical Committee on Education  Technical Committee on Health  Technical Working Group on HIV/AIDS  Working Group on Juvenile Justice  Child Safe Tourism Committee  Cambodian Human Right Committee  Commune Committee for Women and Children (CCWC) and  Provincial and District /Khan Women and Children Consultative Committee (WCCC)

B. DEFINITION OF THE CHILD (ART. 1)  Cambodian laws do not provide the definition of the child, but define instead the word “minor”, that refers in general to individual under 18. However, different laws define minor according to its objective:

- The JJ Law provides that minor refers to any person whose is less than 18 when having committed an offense. The age of minor’s criminal liability is determined at the time at which the alleged offense was committed. The proof of age of a minor shall be furnished by a birth certificate or a document certifying birth.

- The Law on Prison provides that juvenile refers to a person who is more than fourteen years of age but below 18 years of age.

- The Criminal Code states that the age of criminal responsibility shall be 18 and over; however, a court may impose a criminal penalty on a minor of 14 years and over if warranted by the circumstances of the offense or the character of the minor”.

11 - The Civil Code defines minors as persons under the age of eighteen . The minimum age for the a child to be entitled to right is since being a fetus in the womb12.

11 Civil Code, Art. 17 12 Civil Code, Art. 9

13 - The age of criminal responsibility shall be eighteen and over . Neither men nor women may marry until they have reached the age of 18. However, if one of the parties has attained the age of majority and the other party is a minor at least 16 years of age, the parties may marry with the consent of the parental power holders or guardian of the minor14.

- The Law on Suppression of Human Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation defines a minor as a person under 18 years old, and the age of legal sex consent is 15.

4. Number and proportion of children under 18 years old  According to the CDHS 2014, 43% of the Cambodian population are ≤ 19 years old; there are more men than women, and more in rural than urban.

15 Percentage of population under 19 years old by age group, sex and residence ៖ Age Urban Rural Nationwide group M F Total M F Total M F Total Under 5 10.2 8.9 9.5 12.2 10.8 11.5 11.8 10.5 11.2 5-9 10.2 8.7 9.4 13.4 11.6 12.5 12.9 11.2 12.0 10-14 9.5 9.1 9.3 12.3 11.2 11.7 11.9 10.9 11.4 15-19 9.5 8.9 9.2 9.2 7.8 8.4 9.2 7.9 8.6 Total 39.4 35.6 37.4 47.1 41.4 44.1 45.8 40.5 43.2

C. GENERAL PRINCIPLES (ARTS. 2, 3, 6 AND 12) C1. Right to Life, Survival and Development (art. 6) 5. Death of children under 18 years of age (a) As a result of extradition, summary or arbitrary executions; Not relevant. (b) As a result of capital punishment; There is no capital punishment in Cambodia. (c) Due to diseases; No information. (d) As a result of traffic or other accidents;  Among all the people injured and death of accidents (around 2% of the total population), children less than 9 years old are the less injured, and girls are less injured than boys by half.

13 Penal Code, Art. 38 14 Civil Code, Art.948 15 CDHS 2014 p. 12, Table 2.1 Household population by age, sex and residence

Percentage of children injured or dead in different accidents16:

Injured Dead Both Age 0 – 9 y 0.7 0.2 0.9 10 – 19 y 1.6 0.1 1.6 Sex boy 2.4 0.0 2.5 girl 1.1 0.1 1.1 Residence Urban 1.7 0.0 1.7 Rural 1.7 0.1 1.8

(d) As the result of crime and other forms of violence; No information. (f) Due to suicide. No information.

C2. Respect for the Views of the Child (art. 12) 6. Number of Child and youth organizations or associations

 Data on children’s organizations: Types of organization Parental organization Quantity Out of school children’s Child Advocate Network - Networks in 12 capital / organization CAN provinces Cambodia Children and Networks in 13 capital / Young People’s Movement for provinces Child Rights - CCYMCR Children’s Councils in MoEYS There are 7,931 Children’s School Councils, divided into 39,578 branches and 231,908 sub-branches, with a total 1,471,542 members17

16 CDHS 2014 p. 30, Table 3.1 Injury or death in an accident

Scouts MoEYS 130,988 scouts (43.74% female) all over the Capital/Provinces18 Cambodian Red Cross Cambodian Red Cross CRC Youth: 21,710 Youth (F:13,173) CRC Youth Advisers: 1,058 (F: 251) In 456 education facilities of 23 Capital/provinces19.

 1,165 children (51 girls) have been heard in judicial and administrative proceedings20:

- Arrested by judicial police: 576 (24 girls)

- Temporary detained: 497 (17 girls)

- Convicted: 36 (0 girl)

- Diverted, recovered and reintegrated: 142 (10 girls)

- Suspended: 1 (0 girl)

- Recidivist: 3 (0 girl)

D. Civil Rights and Freedoms (Arts. 7, 8 and 13–17) D1. Birth Registration (art. 7) 7. Number and percentage of children who have their birth registered  Around 64% of all children have a birth certificate, and around 73% of children younger than 5 have been registered.

Percentage of children under 5 having their birth registered, by age, sex and residence21:

Age Under 2 y 67.2 2 to 4 y 77.4 Sex male 73.7 female 72.9

21 CDHS 2014 p. 25, Table 2.12 Birth Registration of children under age 5

Residence Urban 84.4 Rural 71.6

Number of population having their birth registered and certified since 200822: Year Birth registration Birth certification Total Female Total Female 2008 45,130 22,267 87,724 42,396 2009 98,722 47,567 195,911 95, 942 2010 69,537 34,205 156,037 71,209 2011 71,688 32,918 137,421 66,223 2012 90,744 44,378 206,319 99,238 2013 134,882 65,163 268,043 131,907 2014 145,236 71,152 265,328 127,248 2015 169,951 82,147 385,151 188,242 2016 180,048 88,557 392,162 186,747 As of Q3 2017 40,638 19,771 63,099 31,082

D2. Access to Appropriate Information (art. 17) 8. Number of libraries accessible to children, including mobile libraries, and the number of schools equipped with information technology.  3,552 schools have a library: 673 as separated building, 2,326 in a room, 764 as a school office, 175 in corner of a classes and 80 as mobile library. MoEYS has established an

electronic library in 10 schools23.

E. Violence against Children (Arts. 19, 24, para. 3, 28, para. 2, 34, 37 (a) and 39) E1. Abuse and Neglect (Art. 19), including Physical and Psychological Recovery and Social Reintegration (Art. 39) 9. Data on: (a) Number and percentage of children reported as victims of abuse and/or neglect by parents or other relatives/caregivers;

22 Report of the Civil Registration Department of the General Department of Identification, MoI

 Findings of the 2013 Violence against Children Survey show the prevalence of physical,

mental and sexual violence in infancy as follows24:

The Prevalence of Childhood Physical Violence Over half of both female and male respondents, aged 18 to24 years (52.7% and 54.2%, respectively), reported at least one experience of physical violence prior to age of 18. Similar rates of physical violence were reported by both female and male respondents aged 13-17 years (61.1% females and 58.2% males). More than three fourths of females and males aged 18 to24 years (81.9% and 85.6%, respectively) who experienced physical violence prior to age 18 experienced multiple incidents of physical violence.

The Prevalence of Childhood Emotional Violence Almost 2 in 10 females and a quarter of males aged 18 to 24, experienced emotional violence committed by a parent or caregiver prior to age 18. All most 3 of 10 boys and girls aged 13 to 17, experienced emotional violence committed by a parent or caregiver. Approximately, 8 in 10 females and males aged 18 to 24 who experienced emotional violence prior to age 18 reported multiple instances of emotional violence.

The Prevalence of Childhood Sexual Abuse More than 4% of females and 5% of males aged 18 to 24 reported at least one incident of sexual abuse before the age of 18. More than 6% of girls and 5% of boys aged 13 to 17 reported at least one experience of sexual abuse prior to the age of 18. Among those aged 18 to 24 years who experienced sexual abuse prior to age 18, almost 7 in 10 females and 9 in 10 males experienced multiple incidents of sexual abuse.

Among group aged 18 to 24, the average age of first experiencing sexual abuse is 15 for females and 10 for males.

Overlapped Types of Childhood Violence Approximately, 6 in 10 females and males aged 18 to 24 experienced at least one form of violence during their childhood. % of respondents have 13 to 17 years old 18 to 24 years old received physical violence M F M F At least once before 18 y 58.2% 61.1% 54.2% 52.7% Several times 85.6% 81.9%

24 Findings from 2013 Cambodia’s Violence Against Children Survey (Summary Report prepared by MoWA), p.19

Proportion of respondents 13 to 17 years old 18 to 24 years old have received mental M F M F violence At least once before 18 y 3/10 3/10 1/4 2/10 Several times 8/10 8/10

% of respondents have 13 to 17 years old 18 to 24 years old received sexual violence M F M F At least once before 18 y 5% 6% 5% 4% Several times 9/10 7/10

 Key findings from the data analysis on women’s experience of domestic violence and other forms of violence in 201625 are as follow:

- Over 30% of Cambodian women had experienced physical, sexual, emotional or economic committed by intimate partner in their lifetime.

- There was a high degree of overlap in physical and sexual intimate partner violence experience. The majority of women who experienced sexual intimate partner violence experienced both physical and sexual intimate partner violence.

- Key factors associated with Cambodian women’s experience of intimate partner violence included: a) Her intimate partner often got drunk, b) Her intimate partner displayed a higher number of marital controlling behaviors, c) She was fearful of her intimate partner, d) Low education for both the woman and her intimate partner, e) The woman reported that she had seen her father beat her mother when she was young; f) They have many children.

- Divorced /separated women were more likely to report violence experiences that are reason for the divorce/separation, or that they had more freedom to talk about the experiences that are reason for divorce/separation.

- Female respondents in the survey mostly sought help from family members, friends and neighbors when there was violence.

- The women who experienced intimate partner violence in the previous 12 months as a proportion of those who had ever experienced intimate partner violence, had

25 Report on the 2016 Data Analysis on Women’s Experience of Domestic Violence and Other Form of Violence

reduced over time, it was suggested that the violence was either more likely to cease or the women became more able to leave their violent partner.

(b) Number and percentage of reported cases that resulted in sanctions or other forms of follow-up for perpetrators; No information.

(c) Number and percentage of children who received special care in terms of recovery and social reintegration. No information.

E2. The rights not to be subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (Arts. 37 (a) and 28, para. 2)) 10. Data on: (a) Number of children reported as victims of torture; No information.

(b) Number of children reported as victims of other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or other forms of punishment, including forced marriage and female genital mutilation; No information.

(c) Number of incidents of corporal punishment in all settings (childcare facilities, schools, family, foster homes, institutions and other places providing services to children), and the number of incidents of mobbing and bullying;  There is no corporal punishment in school and residential centres.

(d) Number and percentage of reported violations under (a), (b) and (c) above which have resulted in either a court decision or other types of follow-up;  86 cases of violence on children were reported, of which 46 cases sentenced by the courts26.

(e) Number and percentage of children who received special care in terms of recovery and social reintegration; No information.

(f) Number of programmes implemented for the prevention of institutional violence and the amount of trainings provided to staff of institutions on this issue. No information.

F. Family Environment and Alternative Care (Arts. 5, 9–11, 18, paras. 1 and 2, 20, 21, 25 and 27, para. 4) F1. Family Support (Arts. 5 and 18, paras. 1 and 2) 11. Data on:

(a) Number of services and programmes aimed at providing appropriate assistance to parents and legal guardians in the performance of their child-caring responsibilities and the number and percentage of children and families that benefit from these services and programmes;

 Since 2015, with support from UNICEF and Save the Children, MoWA has developed the Strategy on Positive Parenting with the participation of 7 ministries and institutions, namely, MoSVY, MoI, Ministry of Information, MoEYS, MoH, Ministry of Cults and Religion, MoLVT and Royal University of Phnom Penh. There were 3 level training manual to be developed. The first level training manual has been completed and was disseminated along with the above-mentioned Strategy. The second and third level training manual will be developed after the dissemination of the strategy and the first level training manual. After the dissemination, MoWA planned to implement the Strategy in Siem Reap, Battambang, Phnom Penh, Kandal and Sihanouk Ville in 2018 and possibly the next years.

The objectives of the Strategy on Positive Parenting are to promote the knowledge of parents and caregivers so as they change their attitude and practice from using violence to a positive approach. It is expected that the positive parenting shall help preventing VAC and unnecessary family separation27.

 In addition to the collaboration with UNICEF and Save the Children, MoWA has also collaborated with UNFPA, UN Women and UNV in Partnership for the Prevention (P4P) Program Phase II, implementing a 12-month primary prevention of Violence against Women and Girls (VAWG) in Phnom Penh and Kompong Cham, focusing mainly on adolescent aged 12 to 14 and their caregivers. This program has developed 2 handbooks entitled “We are ready: Supporting teenager’s development in healthy and happy relationship” for young caregivers, and “Towards our future: Developing healthy and happy relationships” for adolescent facilitators28. Both books were developed based on the strategic area in of the National Action Plane on Primary Prevention of Violence against Women (NAPVAW) 2014-2018.

The handbooks have been mainstreamed into different projects/programs in community by Government Institutions and NGOs to raise the understanding of parents and caregivers on positive parenting. Apart from the follow-up by those who disseminate

28 Adolescent Manual and Caregiver Manual, MoWA, 2015

the handbooks, the CCWC who are closer to children shall have the duty to conduct the situation assessment, then prepare a plan on the provision of services and find out external interventions through the Commune/Sangkat Council, the District Office of Social Affairs and NGOs.

 MoEYS has similar program as a component of the ECCD. It has developed 5 parenting handbooks on: o Child Rights o General Diseases and Prevention o Play and Child Development o Communication and Child Development o Children with Disabilities and Early Intervention

(b) Number of childcare services and facilities available and the percentage of children and families that have access to those services.

 The project on Primary Prevention “We are ready: Supporting teenager’s development in healthy and happy relationship” was implemented in September 2016 participated by 300 teenagers aged 12 to 14 and their caregivers in 5 communes of the Prey Chhor district, Kompong Cham province. The aim of the project was to make changes in the cultural and social norms related to gender inequity and promote positive parenting. The project was implemented by Officials of Department of Women’s Affairs in Kampong Cham Province, managed by MoWA officials and supported by UNFPA and P4P partners29.

 In 2011, with support from UNICEF, MoSVY has collaborated with Friends International implementing the Partnership Program for the Protection of Children – 3PC. There are 10 NGO direct implementers with 40 network partners in Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, Battambang, Sihanouk Ville and Poipet, working on the protection, care and education of OVC, especially street children, to finally reintegrate them back into the community. 3PC has 3 main objectives: 1). Coordinate collaboration for social service provision in Cambodia, 2). Build capacity of partners on child protection service provision, and 3). Establish a Child Protection Network in Cambodia. The program are carrying out four main activities includes: a). Child care in the family, b). Reintegration, c). Community Participation in Child Protection, and d). Emergency services.

29 P4P is UNFPA, UNV, UN Women and regional joint programme for the prevention of violence against women and girls in Asia and the Pacific.

In 2015, a total of 5,618 children (2,488 girls), 2,225 adolescents and 3,379 families received services from the program. From 2011 up to 2016, more than 35,000 children received the protection services and responses to VAC30.

F2. Children without Parental Aare (Arts. 9, paras. 1-4, 21 and 25) 12. Data on: (a) Number of children without parental care disaggregated by cause (i.e. armed conflict, poverty, abandonment as a result of discrimination, etc.);  There are now 8,906 children (4,184 girls) staying in 236 residential care institutions

(22 run by the state and 232 by NGO partners)31. According to the Director of the Child

Welfare Department, around 78% of those children have one or both parents, but they are not under the care of their parents due to poverty.

(b) Number of children separated from their parents as a result of court decisions (inter alia, in relation to situations of parental abuse or neglect, detention, imprisonment, labour migration, exile or deportation); No information. (c) Number of institutions for such children disaggregated by region, the number of places available in the institutions, the ratio of caregivers to children and the number of foster homes;  236 childcare centers (22 run by the state and 232 by NGO partner)

(d) Number and percentage of children separated from their parents who are living in institutions or in foster homes, as well as the duration of placement and frequency of its review; No information. (e) Number and percentage of children reunited with their parents after a placement;  In 2016, 500 children residing in residential care institutions were reintegrated back to

their families32.

(f) Number of children in domestic, intercountry and kafala adoption programmes disaggregated by age and, where relevant, information on the country of origin and country of adoption of the children concerned.

30 UNICEF - Output ratings with Latest Progress as of 8 July 2017, p.14 31 2016 Alternative Care Inspection Report of Child Welfare Department, MoSVY

 There is no adoption since the ICA Law comes into force in 2009. Between 1998 and 2011, 3,696 children (1,865 girls) have been adopted by foreigners. The main countries of adopters are USA, Canada, German, Switzerland, Holland, Italia, England and Belgium.

F3. Family Reunification (Art. 10) 13. Number of children who entered or left the country for the purpose of family reunification, including the number of unaccompanied refugee and asylum-seeking children.  No information.

F4. Illicit Transfer and Non-Return (Art. 11) 14. Data on: (a) Number of children abducted from and into the State party; No information. (b) Number of perpetrators arrested and the percentage of those sanctioned in (criminal) courts.  50 perpetrators were sanctioned (no data on sex) 33.

F5. Children with Incarcerated Parents 15. Number of children with incarcerated parents  As of 15 August 2017, there were 121 children (63 girls) living with their mother in prison34.

G. Disability, Basic Health and Welfare (Arts. 6, 18, para. 3, 23, 24, 26, 27, paras. 1-3, and 33) G1. Children with Disabilities (Art. 23) 16. Number and percentage of children with disabilities: (a) Whose parents receive special material, psychosocial or other assistance; No information.

(b) Who are living in institutions, including institutions for children with mental disabilities, or outside their families, such as in foster care; No information. (c) Who are regularly attending schools;  There were projects on sight measurement, treatment and referral in 12 districts of 3 municipality/provinces. The Projects have examined 2,500 Grade 6 students (54% girls), of whom 383 students were provided spectacles (68% girls), and 25 students

(60% girls) having optical problems. The projects were implemented in collaboration with DPs.  In the project on improvement of learning related health, 1.244 students (39% girls) received optical examination, of whom 72 students (45.8%girls) received spectacles and 18 (61% girls) were referred to hospitals.  Inclusive education has been implemented in 98 schools in 12 districts of 6 provinces

for 105 students with disabilities (35% girls)35.

(d) Who are attending special schools;  The NGO, Krousar Thmey, has special schools for students with visual and hearing impairments in Phnom Penh, Battambang, Siem Reap and Kompong Cham province. There are 116 special teachers (44.8% female) and 688 students (26.3% girls).  In collaboration with Partnership for Educating Disadvantaged Children in Cambodia Project, MoEYS has provided the education to 1,737 children with intellectual impairment (39.6% girls) in 165 schools in Phnom Penh, Kandal, Kompong Speu, Kratie, Pailin, Siem Reap and Pursat province, consisting of 750 special teachers (48.7% female)36.

(e) Who are not attending schools or comparable facilities.  The assistance provided to students with disabilities is still limited, as many teachers did not receive the trainings on inclusive education and the schools could not afford the student-support materials. The expansion of the inclusive education for children with

severe disabilities relies mainly on DPs37.

G2. Health and Health Services (Art. 24) 17. Data on: (a) Rates of infant and under-5 child mortality;  The under-5 child mortality for 1,000 life-births has dropped significantly since 2000, but the rate differs according to the place of birth, the baby’s sex, the education and age

of the mother, and the living condition of the family38.

Chronological rate 2000 124

38 2014 CDHS, pp. 129-131

2010 54 2014 35 Differences by location Urban areas 18 Rural areas 52 Differences by provinces Phnom Penh 23 Kratie, Mondulkiri, Ratanakiri 80 Differences by sex Male 54 Female 41 Differences by mother’s education No schooling 79 Primary education 46 Secondary education 30 Differences by mother’s age < 20 44 20-19 38 30-19 64 Differences by living conditions Low 76 Medium 41 High 19

(b) Proportion of children with low birth weight;  Around 8% of newly born are less than 2.5kg. This case is found especially for the first baby (10%), the sixth baby up (13%), and baby born from mothers who smoke (11%).

The proportion also differs from province to province39.

39 2014 CDHS, p. 151

 23.9% of children under-5 are considered as underweight, of whom 9.6% are wasting

and 32.4% are stunting, due to under-nourishment40.

(d) Rate of child mortality due to suicide; No information.

(e) Percentage of households without access to hygienic sanitation facilities and access to safe drinking water;  Of all the population, 46% of families have own hygiene facilities, and 65% have access to safe water in dry season and 84% in rainy season. 67% of families have appropriate

means to produce safe water, of which 55% through boiling41.

(f) Percentage of one-year-old children who are fully immunized for tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio and measles;

 98.85% of one-year-old children are fully immunized42.

(g) Rates of maternal mortality, including its main causes;

 The maternal mortality has abruptly decreased these last years43:

2005 472 2006 206 2007 170

Pregnancy complications are the main causes of maternal mortality44.

(h) Proportion of pregnant women who have access to, and benefit from, prenatal and postnatal health care;

 Proportion of pregnant women having access to45:

- Once pre-natal care: 95.3% - 4-time pre-natal cares: 75.6% - 2-time post-natal cares: 87.9%

(i) Proportion of children born in hospitals;

40 2014 CDHS, p. 151 41 2014 CDHS, p.11 42 Summary Report on Main Realizations of the Royal Government of Cambodia 2012-2016, p. 81-82 43 2014 CDHS, p. 125, Figure 11.1 Confidence intervals for maternal mortality rates Cambodia 2005, 2010 and 2014 44 Maternal Mortality a Leading Cause of Death in Cambodia, Department of Planning and Health Information, Ministry of Health, January 2003

 Proportion of children born in health premises (Health Centre, Public Hospital, and

Private Maternity: 83.2%46.

(j) Proportion of personnel trained in hospital on care and delivery;

 1,197 personnel were trained on maternal emergency and baby care from 2010 to 201647.

(k) Proportion of mothers who practise exclusive breastfeeding and for how long.  65% of mothers practise exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months, and some until 18.4

months48.

18. Data on: (a) Number/percentage of children infected and affected by HIV/AIDS;  In 2016, all over the country, 604 HIV positive pregnant women received care and ARV treatment to prevent transmission to baby as instructed by the National Guidelines. All 604 women delivered 609 babies in public referral hospitals that were

providing mother to child transmission prevention services49.

(b) Number/percentage of such children who receive assistance, including medical treatment, counselling, care and support;  In 2016, all the 609 babies potentially receiving HIV from their mother were tested, taken care of and treated with ARV treatment and supplement medicines in accordance with the executive norms of the National Strategic Plan to Prevent Mother to Child HIV

Transmission50.

(c) Number/percentage of such children living with relatives, in foster care, in institutions or on the streets; No information.

(d) Number of child-headed households as a result of HIV/AIDS. No information.

19. Data relating to adolescent health on: (a) Number of adolescents affected by early pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, mental health problems, and drug and alcohol abuse: No information.

(b) Number of programmes and services that aimed at the prevention and treatment of adolescent health concerns.  MoH has continuously expanded the health premises that could provide youth reproductive health services (Adolescent friendly health services) and information on sexual health. In 2016, 718 public health premises all over the counties had staff who had received training sand were capable of providing the services (there were only 12

health centres in 2005) 51.

G3. Drug and Substance Abuse (Art. 33) 20. Number of child victims of drug and substance abuse and Number of assistance programmes available.  As of 2016, there were 10 centers (7 state centers and 3 private centers). 21,296 drug

addicted people had received care and treatment52.

According to MoH’s Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, as of September 2017, the number of drug addicted people receiving treatment in health premises are as follows: Heroin and Amphetamine Total No. Drug addicted Opium M F M F M F Total P.Penh 70 2 0 0 70 2 72 Newly Other 1 74 3 0 0 74 3 77 admitted provinces Total 144 5 0 0 144 5 149 P.Penh 80 0 70 13 150 13 163 Other 2 Old patient 112 1 0 0 112 1 113 provinces Total 192 1 70 13 162 14 276 P.Penh 150 2 70 13 120 15 235 Other Total 185 4 0 0 186 4 190 provinces Total 336 6 70 13 406 19 425

51 lbid.p.2 52 1 Summary Report on Main Realizations of the Royal Government of Cambodia 2012-2016, p. 3

342 (80%) 83 (20%) 96% 4% 100% MoH – Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse: Report on treatment of illicit drug addicted in health premises from 1st to 30th September 2017.

H. Education, Leisure and Cultural Activities (Arts. 28–31) 21. Data on: (a) Child and adult literacy rates;

 In 2014, 78.10% of people over 15 years old are literate53.

(b) Gross and net enrolment and attendance rates for primary and secondary schools and vocational training centres;

Enrolment: 2016-1754 Gross rate Net rate Absence rate Primary 108.9% (Girls 93.5% (Girls 108%) 93.9%) Secondary 55.7% (Girls59.6%)

 Children withdrawn from child labour and provided with education and vocational training55: Department of Labour and Withdrawn in 2017(400) No. Vocational Training < 15-Y(300) < 18-Y(100) 1 Siem Reap 70 20 2 Banteay Meanchey 70 20 3 Tbaung Khmum 80 30 4 Kep 80 30

(c) Retention, completion and transition rates, and the percentage of dropout from primary and secondary schools and vocational training centres;

 Retention, completion and transition rates and percentage of drop from primary and secondary schools :

2015-1656 Retention Completion Transition Drop-out Primary 4.86% 79.8% 85.5% 4% Secondary 2.5% 42.6% 74.5% 17%

(d) Average teacher-pupil ratio, disaggregated by significant regional or rural/urban disparities, as well as the percentage of trained teachers;

 Average teacher-pupil ratio: 2016-1757 Pupil/Teacher Rate Urban Area Rural Area Primary 43.8 33.9 46.5 Secondary 29.9 16.5 22.8

(e) Number of indigenous and minority children who receive State-funded education in their own language;  The multi-lingual education for indigenous children was implemented in 80 primary schools (from grade 1 to grade 3) with 216 teachers (36.1% female) and 4,818 pupils (47.4% girls), in 15 target districts of Ratanakiri, Mondulkiri, Stung Treng and Kratie. It is a bridge from mother tongue (4 languages: Kreoung, Tumpuon, Pnong and Kavet) to

the national language58.

(f) Percentage of children in the Non-Formal Education (NFE) system;  12,582 students (45.5% girls) attended NFE, and 5,164 others (50.56% girls) attended

NFE that is equivalent to primary classes59.

(g) Percentage of children who attend preschool and other early childhood development education facilities;  Percentage of children who attend preschool and other early childhood development education facilities; 2016-1760 Number % Girls % 0 – 5 Y 426,025 21.79% 214,249 50.3% 3 Y 63,509 20.3% 32,800 51.6%

4 Y 113,010 37.37% 57,709 51.1% 5 Y 19 6669 66.3% 97,127 49.4%

(h) Number/percentage of children in after-school programmes; No information. (i) Number of public playgrounds in communities disaggregated by rural or urban area;  All the schools all over the country have playground with an average size equivalent to 8.2% of the total school area, a little less in urban areas (1.9%) and more in rural areas

(29.8%)61.

(j) Number/percentage of children participating in organized leisure, sports, cultural and artistic activities disaggregated by rural or urban areas.  Of all schools, 1,442 schools have football court, 3,075 have volleyball court and 328 have basketball court. 581 schools have artistic teachers, 1,938 have housekeeping

teachers, and 2,536 have sport teachers62.

I. Special Protection Measures (Arts. 22, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37 (b)–(d), and 38–40) I1. Children seeking refugee protection (art. 22) and internally displaced children 22. Data on: (a) Number of internally displaced, asylum-seeking and refugee children;

(b) Number and percentage of such children attending primary and secondary school, vocational training and having access to health and other services;  (a) and (b): In 2017, 400 internally displaced children are withdrawn from child labour and provided education and vocational training (Please see point No. 21.b above.

I2. Economic exploitation of children, including child labour (Art. 32) 23. Data on: (a) Number and percentage of children below the minimum legal age of employment who are involved in child labour, as defined by International Labour Organization Minimum

Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) and Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182), disaggregated by type of employment;

 According to the 2013 Report on Child Labour of the NIS (Table 5.3), there were 429,380 children involved in child labour, of whom 236,498 children in worst forms of child labour. Subsequently, in 2014, MoLVT established special team to conduct inspection within factories, industries and enterprises that were allowed to engage with children aged 15 to below 18 years old in accordance with the Labour Law and there

were a total of 3,249 children (3,191 girls) working legally in those industries63.

(b) Number and percentage of such children with access to recovery and reintegration assistance, including free basic education and/or vocational training; - 2008 – 2011: a total of 32,265 children (17,679 girls) were withdrawn and protected under the ILO/IPEC and Winrock Project, - 2012 – 2016: a total of 28,000 children (16,800 girls) were withdrawn and protected under the Excel Project, and - 2017: 400 children received free basic education and vocational training with State

support64.

 MoLVT organized training on labour inspection twice a year with the main focus on Child Labour, while the plan to eliminate Child Labour also focused on rescuing children from all forms of Child Labour and providing education and family economic empowerment, especially gender issues for girls. MoLVT established an Inspection 65 Team for special inspection. According to the Labour Law , those who unlawfully engage child labour shall be punished.

So far, the trainings of Labour Inspectors related to the legal framework on Child Labour are as follows: Description Unit 2015 2016 2017 Training of trainers Session 3 3 13 Trainees 172 137 1,275 Women 47 25 547 Awareness raisings Session 12

65 Labour Law, Art. 363 and 368

Trainees 1,240 Women 530

 In collaboration with related ministries who are members of the NCCT, especially MoI, MoFAIC, foreign representatives and the local authorities, MoLVT strictly controls the companies that sending workers abroad in order to protect the rights and interests of the workers, and enhance the enforcement of laws and regulations so as to promote the safety of people migrating abroad for work.

Child Labour Inspection and Data on Factories and Enterprises using Young Workers and Employees Description Unit 2015 2016 2017

Inspection of factories requesting to Times 14 26 22 employ young employees Times 7 4 2 Child Labour Inspection with ILO Enterprise 7 4 2 Person 15 7 2 Female 15 7 2 Enterprise 14 26 22 Enterprises requesting to employ Person 559 1,466 729 young workers Female 216 1,466 647 Enterprise 19 57 22 Factories and Enterprises lawfully Person 401 645 387 employ young workers Female 376 619 371 MoLVT approving the factories and Enterprise - 21 25 enterprises to employ young workers Person - 1,550 1,063 Female - 1,550 1,063 Results of the Prevention of Child Labour in Economical Activities Description Unit 2016 2016 Change 2016/2015 Children withdrawn Total (person) 946 1,198 26.6% F 461 839 82.0% Children prevented Total (person) 1,762 2,223 26.2% F 878 1,556 77.2%

Trainings of Trainers Session 3 3 0% Total (person) 172 137 - 20.3% F 47 25 - 46.8% Source: Department of Child Work 2016

I3. Sexual Exploitation, Abuse and Trafficking (Arts. 34 and 35) 24. Data on: (a) Number of children involved in sexual exploitation, including prostitution, pornography and trafficking; No information.

(b) Number of such children who have been provided with access to rehabilitation programmes;  In 2016, 1,362 victims of whom 759 were children were provided healthcare, counselling, legal assistance, emergency assistance, shelter, food, vocational training, life skills and reintegration.

In the same year, 652 children were rescued, provided with temporary shelter and reintegrated into their family with assistance from state-run centres and centres of partners, such as CWCC, Goutte d’Eau, Krousar Thmey, IOM, Hagar, Agape International Mission, Kalep Cambodia and International Metrey Organization for Asia Phnom Penh66.

(c) Number of reported cases of sexual exploitation, sexual abuse and child trafficking and abduction, and violence against children during the reporting period; No information.

(d) Number and percentage of such cases that have resulted in sanctions, with information on the country of origin of the perpetrator and the nature of the penalties imposed;  Please see point 14b above.

(e) Number of children trafficked for other purposes, including labour; No information.

(f) Number of border and law enforcement officials who have received trainings for preventive child trafficking and ensuring respect for their dignity.No information.

66 2016 Annual Report on Results of Activities against Human Trafficking, NCCT, p. 26-27

I4. Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL), and Administration of Juvenile Justice (Art. 40) 25. Data on: (a) Number of persons under 18 years old who have been arrested by the police due to an alleged conflict with the law;  Number of persons under 18 years old arrested by the police: 576 (24 girls)67.

(b) Percentage of cases where legal or other assistance has been provided;

 Number of minors receiving legal and other assistance68:

2014 2015 2016 2017 (as of 30.09.17) CICL receiving legal support from BARK 99 266 399 558 Cases represented by BARK 61 179 276 382

69  Referred to diversion: 142 (10 girls) .

(ii) Been found guilty of an offence by a court and have received suspended sentences or have received punishment other than deprivation of liberty;

70  Suspended: 1 (no sex data) .

(iii) Received alternative sanctions based on a restorative approach; (iv) Participated in probation programmes; No information. (d) The percentage of recidivism cases.

71  Recidivist cases: 3 (no data by sex) .

I5. Children deprived of their liberty, including any form of detention, imprisonment or placement in custodial settings (art. 37 (b)–(d))

26. Data on children in conflict with the law in respect of:

71 lbid.p 4

(a) Number of persons under 18 years old held in police stations or pre-trial detention after having been accused of committing a crime reported to the police, and the average length of their detention;

 As of 15 August 2017, there were 1,328 persons under 18 years old (95 girls) detained in the same centres with adults, but in separated buildings. The Correctional Centres

No.1, 3 and 4 did not have detained minors72.

Number of minors detained in Rehabilitation Centres in Phnom Penh and Provinces For August 2017 No. Centre Total F Charged Accused Non- Convicted Convicted T F T F T F T F 1 ECCC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Rehab. No. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Rehab. No.2 450 39 172 19 89 8 182 12 7 0 4 Rehab. No.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Rehab. No. 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 P. Penh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 Kandal 85 6 32 2 34 3 16 0 3 1 8 Takeo 48 5 27 3 15 1 5 1 1 0 9 Kampot 27 0 10 0 11 0 6 0 0 0 10 Kg. Speu 44 6 27 6 7 0 6 0 4 0 11 Sihanouk Ville 34 1 11 1 15 0 4 0 4 0

12 Prey veng 17 0 6 0 10 0 1 0 0 0 13 Svay Rieng 17 1 7 1 6 0 2 0 2 0 14 Kg. Cham 21 1 15 1 0 0 1 0 5 0 15 Kg. Thom 32 4 3 0 7 0 22 4 0 0 16 Kg. Chhnang 21 0 6 0 11 0 3 0 1 0 17 Pursat 8 0 5 0 3 0 0 0 ០ 0 18 Battambang 48 2 28 2 8 0 10 0 2 0 19 Banteay M.Chey 96 2 37 0 30 1 29 1 0 0 20 Siem Reap 280 23 171 18 30 2 60 2 19 1

21 Koh Kong 20 1 6 0 10 1 2 0 2 0 22 Preah Vihear 10 0 6 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 23 Ratanakiri 17 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 24 Mondulkiri 4 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 25 Kratie 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 26 Stung Treng 12 0 2 0 3 0 2 0 5 0 27 Pailin 8 1 4 1 3 0 1 0 0 0 28 Oddor M.Chey 10 2 2 0 4 1 2 0 2 1 29 Tbaung Khmum 16 0 2 0 6 0 7 0 1 0 Total 1,328 95 597 55 309 17 362 20 60 3

(b) Number of institutions specifically for persons under 18 years old alleged or accused of or recognized as having infringed the penal law;  No information. (c) Number of persons under 18 years old in such institutions and the average length of stay;  No information. (d) Number of persons under 18 years old detained in institutions where they are not separated from adults;  No information. (e) Number and percentage of persons under 18 years old who have been found guilty of an offence by a court and have been sentenced to detention, and the average length of their detention;

73  Sentenced to imprisonment: 36 (0 girls) .

(f) Number of reported cases of abuse and maltreatment of persons under 18 years old during their arrest and detention/imprisonment.  No information.

I6. Children in Armed Conflicts (Art. 38), including physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration (art. 39) 27. Data on:

(a) Number and percentage of persons under 18 years old who are recruited or voluntarily enlist in the armed forces, and the proportion of those who participate in hostilities;  There is no person under 18 years old in the Cambodian Armed Forces. Cambodia applies the legal standards on the recruitment for and volunteering to the armed forces only for those over 18 years old; no person under 18 years old involved in hostility.

(b) Number and percentage of children who have been demobilized from armed groups or forces and reintegrated into their communities, including the proportion of such children who have returned to school and been reunified with their families;  Since there is no person under 18 years old serves the Royal Cambodia Armed Forces, there are no children to be demobilized and reintegrate into the community. (c) Number and percentage of child casualties due to armed conflict;  There are no number and percentage of child casualties due to armed conflict. (d) Number of children who receive humanitarian assistance;  No children who were demobilized from the Royal Cambodia Armed Forces or victims of armed conflict who received humanitarian assistance. (e) Number of children who receive assistance for their physical and psychological recovery following their involvement in armed conflict.  No children who received assistance for their physical and psychological recovery following their involvement in armed conflict74.

I7. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on child trafficking, prostitution and pornography 28. Data on: (a) Number of reported cases of the child trafficking, prostitution and pornography and child sex tourism; (b) Number of such cases that have been investigated, prosecuted and sanctioned; (c) Number of child victims of such crimes who have been provided with recovery assistance or compensation, in accordance with the provisions of article 9, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Optional Protocol.  No information.

74 Answer from ministry of National Defend No.196/2017

I8. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict 29. Data on: (a) Number of students attending military schools and the minimum age of admission;  The minimum age of admission to military school is 18 years old. (b) Number of asylum-seeking and refugee children entering the State party from areas where children may have been recruited or used in hostilities;  No recruitment of asylum-seeking and refugee children to the Cambodian Armed Forces. (c) Number of children who benefit from physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration measures.  No children who benefit from physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration measures75.

------

75 Answer from ministry of National Defend No.196/2017

APPENDIX I List of Child Related new Laws and Regulations Adopted between 2008 and 2018

1 1. Laws - Law on Tourism promulgated by Royal Kram No. 0609/007 dated 10 June 2009, - Law on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities promulgated by Royal Kram No. 0709/010 dated 03 July 2009, - Criminal Code promulgated by Royal Kram No. 1109/022 dated 30 November 2009, - Law on Inter-country Adoption promulgated by Royal Kram No. 1209/024 dated 03 December 2009 - Law on Anti-Corruption promulgated by Royal Kram No. 0410/004 dated 17 April 2010, - Law on Non-Suit Civil Case Procedures promulgated by Royal Kram No. 0710/013 dated 10 July 2010, - Law on Procedures related to Individual Status promulgated by Royal Kram No. 0610/008 dated 08 June 2010, - Law on the Implementation of the Civil Code promulgated by Royal Kram No. 0511/007 dated 31 May 2011, - Law on the Regulation of Concentrated Acid promulgated by Royal Kram No. 1211/020 dated 21 December 2011, - Law on Prison promulgated by Royal Kram No. 1211/021 dated 21 December 2011, - Law on Drug Control promulgated by Royal Kram No. 0112/001 dated 2 January 2011, - Law on Organization and Functioning of the Supreme Council of Judges promulgated by Royal Kram No. 0714/017 dated 16 July 2014, - Law on Organization and Functioning of the Court promulgated by Royal Kram No. 0714/015 dated 16 July 2014, - Law on Statute of Judges and Prosecutors promulgated by Royal Kram No. 0714/015 dated 16 July 2014, - Law on Road Traffic promulgated by Royal Kram No. 0115/001 dated 1 January 2015, - Law on Tobacco Control promulgated by Royal Kram No. 0515/004 dated 18 May 2015, - Law on Associations and Non-governmental Organizations promulgated by Royal Kram No. 0815/010 dated 12 August 2015 - Law on Juvenile Justice promulgated by Royal Kram No. 0716/009 dated 14 July 2016 - Law on Management of Healthcare Professionals promulgated by Royal Kram No. 1116/014 dated 19 November 2016,

2. Royal Decrees - Royal Decree No. 1209/1201 dated 21 December 2009 on the Establishment of the Cambodian National Council for Children, - Royal Decree No. 0412/317 dated 4 April 2013 on the Organization and Functioning of the National Committee on ECCD, - Royal Decree No. 0817/619 dated 22 August 2017 on the Establishment of the National Committee against Torture, Cruel or Inhuman Treatment, Ill-treatment or Punishment,

1 Web side national assembly: http://www.national-assembly.org.kh/group-law 1

- Royal Decree No. 1117/1073 dated 22nd November 2017 on Appointment of Members of the National Committee against Torture, Cruel, Inhuman Treatment, Ill-treatment or Punishment.

3. Sub-Decrees - Sub-Decree No. 122 on the Establishment of National Mechanism to Prevent Torture, Cruel, Inhuman Treatment, Ill-treatment or Punishment dated 07 August 2009, - Sub-Decree No. 162 on the Establishment of Committee to Lead the Suppression of Human Trafficking, Smuggling, Labour Exploitation and Sexual Exploitation of Women and Girls dated 25 September 2009, - Sub-Decree No. 224 on Procedures for Recognition as Refugee or Providing Asylum Seeking Rights for Foreigner in the Kingdom of Cambodia dated 17 December 2009, - Sub-Decree No. 59 on the Composition and Functioning of the Disability Action Council dated 21 June 2010, - Sub-Decree No. 108 on Determining the Rate and Formality for the Recruitment of People with Disabilities dated 30 August 2010, - Sub-Decree No. 162 on the Establishment of Centres for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Drug Addicts dated 22 December 2010, - Sub-Decree No. 27 on the Adoption of the 21st February Every Year as the National Day of Mother’s, Baby’s and Child’s Health dated 14 February 2011, - Sub-Decree No. 190 on the Management of the Sending of Cambodian Workers Abroad through Private Recruitment Agencies dated 17 August 2011, - Sub-Decree No. 24 on Midwife Code of Ethics dated 18 January 2013, - Sub-Decree No. 66 on the Organization and Functioning of the Secretariat of the Youth Development Council dated 18 February 2013, - Sub-Decree No. 190 the Organization and Functioning of the Secretariat of the National Committee on ECCD, dated 18 April 2013 - Sub-Decree No. 59 on Nurse Code of Ethics dated 11 February 2014, - Sub-Decree No. 191 on the Management of Adult Entertainment Centres dated 29 May 2014, - Sub-Decree No. 34 on the Provision of Scholarship to Poor Student at Primary and Secondary Schools dated 17 March 2015, - Sub-Decree No. 49 on Organization and Functioning of the Committee in Charge of Treatment and Rehabilitation of Drug Addicts dated 9 April 2015 - Sub-Decree No. 84 on the Establishment and Organization of National Committee on Safe Road Traffic dated 8 July 2015, - Sub-Decree No. 85 on Transitional Fine on Offense related to the Road Traffic Law dated 8 July 2015, - Sub-Decree No. 86 on Speed Limits of Vehicles dated 8 July 2015, - Sub-Decree No. 119 on Management of Residential Care Centres dated 11 September 2015, - Sub-Decree No. 33 on the Organization and Functioning of the National Funds to Combat Drug dated 3 March 2016, - Sub-Decree No. 191 on Delegation of Functions related to the Management of ECCD, Primary Education and Non-Formal Education to the City / District Administration dated 14 September 2016, - Sub-Decree No. 34 dated 07 March 2017 on Transfer of: o The Function of the Management of State Residential Care Centers to the Capital/Provincial Administration,

o The Function of the Monitoring of NGOs’ Residential Care Centers to the Capital/City/District Administration, and o The Function of the Management of Services for Victims and Vulnerable Children in the Community to the Capital/City/Commune Administration.

- Sub-Decree No. 117 on Establishment of the Institute for Special Education dated 25 July 2017, - Sub-Decree No. 155 on the Organization and Functioning of the Youth Rehabilitation Centre dated 29 September 2017,

- Sub-Decree No. 29 on the Creation of Fund for Kuntha Bopha Hospital dated 2 March 2018, - Circular No. 08 on the Implementation of the Recommendations of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child dated 13 September 2012, and - Circular No. 04 on the Implementation of the Recommendations of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child dated 17 March 2016.

4. Sub-Laws in the Form of Prakas, Guidelines or Circulars A) Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation:

- Prakas No. 852 on the Implementation of the Policy on the Rights of Victim of Human Trafficking, 2009,

- Prakas No. 857 on Minimum Standards for the Protection of the Rights of Victim of Human Trafficking, 2009,

- Prakas No. 1501 on Qualifications for Child Safe Organization, 2011, - Prakas No. 1857 on Procedure on Accreditation of ICA Agencies, 2011, - Prakas No. 1980 on the Organization and Functioning of the Central Authority and the ICA Administration, 2011,

- Prakas No. 1981 on the Appointment of the ICA Central Authority Composition, 2011, - Prakas No. 2280 on Procedures to Implement of the Policy on Alternative Care for Children, 2011, - Standards and Guidelines on the Care, Support and Protection for OVC, 2011, - Prakas No. 937 on the Establishment of Por Senchey Vocational Training Centre, 2012, - Prakas No. 249 on the Organization and Functioning of the ICA Central Authority of the Kingdom of Cambodia, 2013,

- Prakas No. 250 on the Organization and Functioning of the ICA Administration, 2013, - Prakas No. 138 on Procedures on ICA by Relatives, 2014, - Prakas No. 139 on Procedures on ICA of children of Special Care and Needs, 2014, - Prakas No. 308 on Criteria and Formalities on the Establishment of Residential Care Centres 2016, - Prakas No. 482 on the Transformation of the Por Senchey Vocational Training Centre into the Phnom Penh Transit Centre, 2016, and

- Prakas No. 1749 on the Organization and Functioning of the Poipet Transit Centre, 2016.

B) Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training: The regulations related to Child Labour include:

- National Policy on Employments and Jobs, 2015-2015, - National Policy on Education and Vocational Training, 2017-2015 - National Action Plan on the Elimination the Worst Forms of Child Labour, 2008-2012, - National Action Plan on the Reduction of Child Labor and Elimination of Worst Forms of Child Labour, 2016-2025.

- Serveral Prakases including: o Prakas No. 002 on Determination of Light Works Allowable for the Employment of Children aged 12 to 15 years old to work (2008) of MoLVT. o Prakas No. 240 on Working Conditions for Children in Cassava Production dated 14 November 2011, o Prakas No. 241 on Working Conditions for Children in Fishery dated 14 November 2011, o Prakas No. 242 on Working Conditions for Children in Agriculture dated 14 November 2011, o Prakas No. 243 on Working Conditions for Children in Tobacco production dated 14 November 2011,

- Prakas No. 467 on Procedure of Recruitment of Under-aged Workers and Employees in Enterprises and Institutions dated 20 November 2015,

- Joint Prakas MoLVT-MoEF No. 659 on Fines on Offenders of the Labour Law dated 6 June 2016. The Prakas provided

C) Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport:

- National Policy on Cambodian Youth Development, 2011, - Prakas No. 48 on Determination of Language for Khmer Learners of Minority Origin, 2013, - National Policy on Development of Physical Education and Sports, 2015, - Policy on New Generation School, 2016, - Policy on Decentralization and De-concentration in Education, 2016, - Guidelines on the Implementation of the Minimum Standards on Safe Water and Hygiene in School, 2016,

- Policy on Child Protection in School, 2016, - Guidelines on Measures on Dissemination to Prevent Drug Use in Public and Private Schools, 2017, - Education 2030 Incheon Declaration and Framework for Action Towards Inclusive and Equitable Quality Education and Lifelong Learning for All.

D) Ministry of Justice:

- Guideline No. 1 on the Implementation of Articles 42 and 43 of the Law on Suppression of Human Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation, 2009,

- Explanatory Notes on the Law on Suppression of Human Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation, 2013, - Explanatory Notes on Domestic Adoption. 2016.

E) Ministry of Tourism - Prakas No. 160 dated 25 October 2017 on Implementation of the Code of Profession and Code of Ethics of Tour Operators and Travel Agencies.

The National Committee for Counter Trafficking has issued the Prakas No. 133/12 on Implementation of the 2015 MoSVY Guideline on Forms and Procedures for Identification of Victims of Human Trafficking for Appropriate Service Provision.

Besides these, there have been several Laws, regulations, policies, strategies and action Plans related to children issued and adopted as of 2012. These were compiled in the Compendium of Child Protection Laws, Policies and Functions prepared by the CNCC.

------

Appendix II

Achievements of CMDG 2003 - 20151

Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty & Hunger

Indicators Unit 2000 2005 2010 2015 2015 Data Actual Target sources 1.1 Decrease the proportion 39.5 - 21.1 14.7 ≤19.5 CSES of people living in % (1993) (2014) poverty 1.2 Decrease the proportion 20 - 4.1 0 ≤ 10 CSES of people living in hunger % (1993) (2014) 1.3 Increase the share of 7.4 - 8.34 8.6 ≥ 11 CSES poorest quintile in % (1993) (2014) national consumption by 20% of the total population 1.4 Decrease prevalence of % 45.2 28 28 23 ≤ 19 CSES underweight children (2014) under 5 1.5 Decrease prevalence of % 44.6 43 40 32 ≤ 25 CDHS stunted children (2014) 1.6 Decrease prevalence of % 15 8 11 10 ≤ 65 CDHS wasted children (2014) 1.7 Decrease prevalence of % - 62 55 56 42 CDHS anaemia among children (2014) aged 6-9 months old 1.8 Decrease prevalence of % - 47 44 45 42 CDHS anaemia among women (2014) aged 15-49 years old 1.9 Increase the proportion of % 14 73 83 - 90 CDHS households using iodized salt 1.10 Decrease prevalence of % 16.5 - 16.8 19.3 ≤ 8 CSES working children (≤ 17 (1999) (2014) years old) of the total children in this age group

Goal 2: Achieve universal literacy and primary education

Indicators Unit 2000 2005 2010 2015 2015 Data Actual Target sources 2.1 Increase literacy rate of - 80.4 89.1 93 94.5 MoEYS the population aged 15– % (2013) 24 years old 2.2 Improve net enrolment ratio at primary education Total % 88.9 91.9 94.8 97.9 99 MoEYS Female % 86.8 90.7 94.6 98.4 MoEYS 2.3 Improve gross enrolment

1 Report on Achievement of CMDGs 2003-2015, p.79-80 1

ratio at lower-secondary education Total % 36.5 45.8 58.1 55.1 74 MoEYS Female % 29.5 40.3 57.1 56.2 MoEYS 2.4 Increase primary education completion rate Total % - 46.8 83.2 84.1 100 MoEYS Female % - 45.7 83.6 86.6 MoEYS 2.5 Increase lower-secondary education completion rate Total % - 19.7 48.7 40.63 57 MoEYS Female % - 18.5 47.2 41.8 MoEYS 2.6 Achieve gender equity in In 0.95 0.97 1 1 - MoEYS primary education dex 2.7 Achieve gender equity in In 0.69 0.79 0.97 1.1 - MoEYS lower- secondary dex education

Goal 3: Promote Gender Equity and Empower Women

Indicators Unit 2000 2005 2010 2015 2015 Data Actual Target sources 3.1 Improve the ratio of girls % 48 60 82 100 100 MoEYS to boys in upper- (2001) secondary education 3.2 Improve the ratio of girls % 38 45.6 86.7 85 85 CSES to boys in tertiary (2001) education 3.3 Improve the ratio of % 87 90 98.3 100 100 CSES literate females to males (1998) 15-24 years old 3.4 Improve the ratio of % 78 80 99 100 100 MoWA literate females to males (1998) 25-44 years old 3.5 Increase the female share % 35 52.5 53 45.7 50 MoWA in wage employment in (1998) (2013) agriculture 3.6 Increase the female share % 44 53.5 73.7 45.4 50 MoWA in wage employment in (1998) (2013) industry 3.7 Increase the female share % 21 27 27.4 32 50 MoWA in wage employment in (1998) (2013) services 3.8 Increase the proportion of % 12.3 19.5 21 20.32 30 MoWA seats held by women in (1998) the National Assembly 3.9 Increase the proportion of % 14.75 14.75 14.75 14.75 30 MoWA seats held by women in (1999) (2006) (2012) (2013) Senate 3.10 Increase the proportion of % 7.4 7.1 7.1 10.7 15 MoWA female ministers (1998) (2003) (2008) (2013) 3.11 Increase the proportion of % 6 6.6 8 20.54 18 MoWA female secretary of state (1998) (2003) (2008) (2013) 3.12 Increase the proportion of % 4 7.5 15.1 17.6 20 MoWA

female under-secretary of (1998) (2003) (2008) (2013) state 3.13 Increase the proportion of % 0 0 0 0 10 MoWA female provincial governor 3.14 Increase the proportion of % 0 1 20 17 15 MoWA female deputy provincial (2003) (2011) (2014) governor 3.15 Increase the proportion of % - 9.4 15.1 17.8 25 MoWA seats held by women in (2002) (2007) (2012) commune councils

Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality

Indicators Unit 2000 2005 2010 2015 2015 Data Actual Target sources 4.1 Reduce infant mortality 95 66 45 28 50 CDHS rate to 50 by 2015 % (1998) (2014) 4.2 Reduce the under 5 year 124 83 54 35 65 CDHS mortality rate % (1998) (2014) 4.3 Increasing the proportion 71 79 92 98 >90 CDHS of children under % (1998) immunized up to 90% 4.4 Increasing the proportion 11.4 - 74 93 70 CDHS of infants exclusively % breastfed up to the age of 6 months old to 70%

Goal 5: Improve maternal health

Indicators Unit 2000 2005 2010 2015 2015 Data Actual Target sources 5.1 Maternal mortality ratio ratio 437 472 206 170 250 CDHS (mortality per 100,000 (1998) (2014) live birth) 5.2 Proportion of birth % 22.1 40.57 69.6 85 87 CDHS attended by skilled health (2002 (2014) personnel 5.3 Total fertility rate - 4 3.4 3 2.7 3 CDHS 5.4 Proportion of married % 19 21 24.82 35 60 CDHS women using modern (2008) (2014) birth spacing methods 5.5 Proportion of pregnant % 25.4 52.2 72 90.5 90 CDHS women with 2 or more (2014) ANC consultations from skilled health personnel 5.6 Proportion of pregnant % 1.12 1.18 2.56 5.37 4 CDHS women who delivered by (2014) Caesarean Section

Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases

Indicators Unit 2000 2005 2010 2015 2015 Data Actual Target sources

6.1 Reduce HIV prevalence % 1.9 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.4 CDHS rate (Adults 15 – 49 years (2014) old)

Goal 9: Demining, removing Explosive Remnants of war (ERW) and Victim Assistance

Indicators Unit 2000 2005 2010 2015 2015 Data Actual Target sources 9.1 Number of casualties caused by landmines and ERW (killed and injured) Target Nber 432 357 220 130 - CMAA Result Nber 772 875 286 74 - CMAA 9.2 Landmine and ERW contaminated land cleared (Annual target) Target ha 4,209 4,466 5,374 5,909 - CMAA Result ha 4,209 4,065 11,950 16,104 - CMAA

For further information about mine/ERW casualties, see Item 44 (Mines) of report.

------

APPENDIX III – Education

EARLY CHILHOOD EDUCATION1

1- In 2016-2017, there were 7,241 pre-school facilities of all types (an increase of 2.74 times compared to 2006-2007 when there were only 2,641), among those 4,014 were state pre-schools (1,524 in 2006-2007) and 393 were private preschools (100 in 2006-2007), and 2,834 community pre-schools (1,017 in 2006-2007) operated in 1,021 out of the total of 1,646 communes/sangkats. A total of 373,188 children aged 3 to 5 years old (187,626 girls) attended pre-schools (in 2006-2007, there were only 130,288 children of who 65,768 were girls).

There were 11,151 educational staff for early childhood education (91.17% female), of whom 5,084 were state-preschool staff (95.65% female), 3,014 were community-preschool staff (95.71% female), and 3,053 were private pre-school staff (79.23% female).

In 2016, the RGC has decided to step-by-step hand over the management of the early childhood education, the primary education and the non-formal education to the administration of city/district, starting with the city and districts of Battambang province2.

Home-Based Program

2- Besides preschool education, there are also home-based programs for 0 to 5 years old children, implemented in 3,114 out of 14,119 villages in 896 out of 1,633 communes in 170 out of 197 districts, with active participation of the children’s parents.

Multi-Lingual Education Program

3- Multi-lingual education program for indigenous children was implemented in 19 cities/districts in 5 target provinces; namely, Ratanakiri, Stung Treng, Mondulkiri, Preah Vihear and Kratie provinces. This program was implemented in 3 state pre-schools attended by 94 students (51 girls) and 80 community pre-schools attended by 1,474 students (784 girls). Languages used include Tumpoun, Kroeng, Ponorng, Kouy, Kroal, Kavet, Kachok, Brao, etc.

4- Mobile pre-school program was provided for children between 3 and 5 years old in indigenous areas, where their families regularly moved around and lived far away from state pre-schools or community pre-schools. This vehicle-based mobile program covered 2 villages in Koh Peak commune, Voeun Sai district and in Taveng Kroam commune, Taveng district; and the seasonal mobile program covered 3 villages in Ta Lao commune, Andoung Meas district and in Taveng Leur commune, Taveng district, Ratanakiri province.

1 Annual Review of MoEYS 2015-2016 and direction 2016-2017, Page 35-40 2 Annual Report 2016 and Plan of Action 2017, Ministry of Interior, Page 2 1

Inclusive Education Program

5- Inclusive Education Program for children with disabilities was implemented in Siem Reap, Battambang, Kampong Thom, Prey Veng, Ratanakiri, Kratie and Phnom Penh. This program was implemented in 176 state pre-schools attended by 165 children (49 girls). There were 235 state- preschool teachers trained on inclusive education, of whom 223 were female teachers.

Inclusive education program was also implemented in 41 community pre-schools attended by 35 children (21 girls). There were 41 community preschool teachers trained on inclusive education (37 female teachers).

Learning Outcomes

6- There were 172,067 five-year-old children (85,575 girls) completed advanced level of pre-school education. The rate of grade 1 students enrolled in primary schools who experienced pre-school program is 64.01%.

Improving School Environment and Learning Materials

7- MoEYS conducted an assessment of school and classroom environment and learning materials of 50 state pre-schools and 100 community pre-schools as a sample representing pre-schools across the country. The assessment criteria include 1) Premise and furniture; 2) Language and critical thinking; 3) Interaction between teachers and children; 4) Curriculum structure and 5) Parents and teachers.

Teacher Capacity Development

8- MoEYS:

- Organized graduation examination for 249 pre-school teacher trainees of the 28th generation and 96.36% of all the them were female;

- Is providing 2-year training to 199 pre-school teacher trainees of the 29th generation and 94.97% of them were female;

- Organized examination to select 200 pre-school teacher trainees of the 30th generation and 95% of them were female;

- Provided capacity buildings on pre-school management based on standards of quality to 4,342 principals (22.57% female), of pre-schools, primary schools with pre-school classes;

- Trained 125 state pre-school teachers (81.6% female) on inclusive education;

- Trained 52 state pre-school and community pre-school teachers (82.69% female) on multi-lingual program;

- Provided standardized trainings to 277 community pre-school teachers (95.30% female) and 245 core parents of whom 218 were women; and

- Trained 1,482 community pre-school teachers (97.97% female) on monthly meetings for pre-school program.

PRIMARY EDUCATION3

9. In 2016-2017, there were 7,144 public primary schools (an increase by 779 schools compared with 2006-2007 when there were only 6,365), of which 598 were incomplete schools, 5,196 child friendly schools (intermediate and advance levels), and 417 private primary schools in all Capital/provinces. There were 61,255 classes in public primary schools and 42,712 classrooms in public primary school. There were 2,022,061 public primary school students (974,231 girls equivalent to 48.18%) and 89,570 private primary schools students (44,095 girls equivalent to 49.3%). The total net admission rate was 95.1% (94.0% for girls): 91.0% (90.1% for girls) in public primary schools, and 4.1% (3.9% for girls) in private primary schools.

There were 57,844 primary education staff (29,007 females equivalent to 50.2%) of whom 46,149 were teaching staff (25,713 females equivalent to 56%). The number of two-shift teachers was 11,413 (5,087 females) and there were 2,654 multi-grade teachers (901 females).

School Operational Budget (SOB) and School Improvement Grant funds (SIG)

10. SOB and SIG funds were provided to schools through bank system. Each school developed their annual development plans with participation from School Support Committees. Information on revenue and expenditure was transparently disclosed. Some schools in 300 communes of 51 districts implemented social accountability program.

Multi-Lingual Education Program

11. MoEYS implemented multi-lingual education program for indigenous children in 80 schools, with 216 teachers (36.1% females) and 4,818 students (47.4% girls), in 15 target districts in Ratanakiri, Mondulkiri, Stung Treng and Kratie. This program is the bridge between mother tongue and national language from grade 1 to grade 3, and covered four languages including Kroeung, Tumpuon, Pnorng and Kavet;

MoEYS launched the National Action Plan on Multi-Lingual Education 2015-2018 with inclusion of 50 community schools as public schools, and provided technical trainings to multi-lingual teachers every year with support from UNICEF and partners and technical cooperation with CARE, in order to offer opportunities to disadvantaged children in Cambodia.

3 Annual Review of MoEYS 2015-2016 and direction 2016-2017, Page 40-56

Accelerated Learning Program

12. Accelerated Learning Program was implemented in 7 city/districts in Kampot, Kratie and Preah Vihear provinces, covering 16 schools, 500 students (48.2% girls), in collaboration with UNICEF, and in other 141 schools, with 6,733 students (46.56% girls) in 30 district/khans of Phnom Penh, Kampong Speu, Prey Veng, Preah Sihanouk and Siem Reap provinces.

1,641 classes of remedial program were provided for slow learners and re-learning program for dropouts and students falling under the average grades in 1,000 primary schools in Siem Reap, Kratie, Tbong Khmum, Ratanakiri, Koh Kong and Kampong Thom provinces, covering 10,962 students (50% girls), in cooperation with Development Partners.

Bridging program was operated for grade 6 and grade 7 students with focus on Khmer Language, Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry to prepare them for grade 7, covering 806 students (40% girls), in 27 schools in 4 districts in Siem Reap and Tbong Khmum provinces; and bridging program to prepare pre-school students for grade 1, covering 772 students (45.5% girls), in 29 primary schools in Tbong Khmum province.

Reading program was operated with for 4,431 slow learners (40% girls), in 650 primary schools in 9 provinces. The ministry also organized National Reading Day with participation of 35,392 students (45% girls) in 43 districts; and provided WASH facilities to 20 schools in cooperation with World Vision Cambodia.

Inclusive Education Program

13. Inclusive Education Program was implemented in 98 schools in 12 districts, 6 provinces, covering 105 Students (35% girls) and provided education to children with visual and hearing impairments in 5 special schools in Phnom Penh, Battambang, Siem Reap and Kampong Cham provinces with 116 teachers (44.8% female) and 688 students with disabilities (26.3% girls). Education program for children with intellectual impairment was implemented in Phnom Penh, Kandal, Kampong Speu, Kampot, Kratie, Pailin, Siem Reap and Pursat provinces, covering 165 schools and 1,737 students (39.6% girls).

Scholarship Programs and School Feeding

14. MoEYS provided:

- Scholarship to poor students in 3,253 primary schools, which accounts for 45.9% primary schools across the country, with a total number of 77,654 students (55% girls),by using the Program funding.

- Cash scholarship in 1,251 primary schools, which accounts for 17.7% primary schools across the country, with a total number of 24,600 students (54.9% girls), and food scholarship to 762

primary schools, which accounts for 10.8% of primary schools across the country, with a total number of 15,844 students (56.6% girls), in cooperation with World Food Program.

- Scholarship for 2,325 poor and vulnerable students (50% girls), in cooperation with Child Fund Cambodia, KAPE, Easy Learn Project and New Generation School.

- Scholarship to 287,130 students (49.3% girls) in 1,138 schools, who were given breakfast; and 12,632 students (50% girls) in 59 schools were given breakfast cooked with agricultural product in the community in cooperation with World Food Program;

- Scholarship in cash and learning materials to 22,878 students (48% girls), who were over-aged children, children from poor households, children with disabilities, children from indigenous communities, street children in Phnom Penh and 21 provinces in cooperation with Partnership for Educating Disadvantaged Children in Cambodia Project, under the coordination of Aide et Action, which aimed to reach 50,000 students (35% female).

- Daily refreshments for 73 schools in Kampong Chhnang province, covering 20,000 students and Teachers (46% female), and food scholarship to 2,474 students (55% girls). Beside these, food incentives were provided to all teachers living in teacher accommodation (for teachers who live far away) and teachers who had taught regularly in cooperation with Food for Education Program of the International Relief and Development with support from USDA through school feeding program.

Student Flow Rate and Completion Rate

15. Promotion rate in primary schools increased to 88.7%, 91.1% for girls and 86.4% for boys. Repetition rate decreased to 6.6%, 5.1% for girls and 8.1% for boys. Dropout rate decreased to 4.6%, 3.8% for girls and 5.5% for boys. Completion rate in primary education decreased to 79.87%, 83.22% for girls and 76.71% for boys. Decreasing patterns of completion rate in primary education are identical for national level, both in rural and urban areas.

SECONDARY EDUCATION4

16. There were 585,971 students (51.81% girls) in public lower secondary schools, and 22,984 students in private lower secondary schools (49.47% girls). Gross enrolment rate (GER) at lower secondary education was 57.6%, in which GER of public lower secondary schools was 55.7% (59.6% for girls) and GER of private lower secondary schools was 1.9% (1.9% for girls). Transition rate at lower secondary education level was 85.5% and transition rate at upper secondary education level was 74.5%. Scholarship Program for Poor Students in Lower Secondary Education covered 809 schools with 69,514 scholarship students (60.0% girls).

4 Annual Review of MoEYS 2015-2016 and direction 2016-2017, Page 59-63 5

There were 279,480 students (51.33% girls) in public upper secondary schools, and 17,244 students in private upper secondary schools (48.26% girls). Gross enrolment rate at upper secondary education was 26.5% (28.1% for girls), in which GER of public upper secondary schools was 25.1% (26.7% for girls) and GER of private upper secondary schools was 1.4% (1.4% for girls).

NON-FORMAL EDUCATION5

17. To provide vocational training to youth and out-of-school children, MoEYS had the following programs:

Functional Literacy Program

18. There were 1,108 functional literacy classes in 25 capital/provinces (987 managed by MOEYS, and 121 classes supported by 10 development partners). Functional literacy classes were conducted in 963 villages in 633 communes/sangkats in 181municipalities/ districts/khans in the 25 capital/provinces. There were 1,125 functional literacy teachers (37.77% female), 987 of these functional literacy teachers managed by MOEYS (36.06% female), and 138 functional literacy teachers supported by development partners, (50% female). There were 22,652 functional literacy learners (69.38% female): 20,080 learners (69.64% female) supported by MOEYS, and 2,572 (67.34% female) supported by development partners. Furthermore, MoEYS organized the International Literacy Day every year on 8th September to raise the public awareness and enhance livelihood.

Post-Literacy Program

19. There were 37 libraries throughout the country (28 supported by MOEYS and 9 libraries supported by development partners) and 147 reading centers (125 supported by MoEYS). This program helps increase the knowledge and prevent lost remembrance among new literates.

Re-Entry Program

20. The number of primary school dropouts was 92,490 (39.9% girls), which required expansion of re- entry Program to give the opportunity for re-schooling in which this program was implemented by MoEYS.

Community Learning Centre-based Income Generation Program

21. To encourage the community development and give the opportunities of whole life learning, MoEYS created the Community Learning Centers in 20156. Public or private morale persons as well as individuals are free to establish CLC, but must comply with the criteria and standards defined by MoEYS Prakas No. 2429 dated 30 July 2015.

5 Annual Review of MoEYS 2015-2016 and direction 2016-2017, Page 88-95 6 Prakas No. 2429 MoEYS of July 30, 2015 6

MoEYS-managed CLCs operated 510 skill classes for 31 skills, of which 207 classes were sewing classes with 3,483 students or 39.76% (94.65% female).

------

Appendix IV Disability

Percent Distribution of Disabled by Five Years Age Group, Cambodia 2013 Age Group Percentage of Disabled Population Both Sexes Males Females No. % No. % No. % (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Total 41649 100 21886 100 19763 100 0 – 4 844 2.03 0 0.00 844 4.27 5 – 9 1590 3.82 1193 5.45 398 2.01 10 - 14 1567 3.76 1155 5.28 412 2.08 15 - 19 3511 8.43 2064 9.43 1447 7.32 20 - 24 3295 7.91 1745 7.97 1551 7.85 25 - 29 2396 5.75 1571 7.18 824 4.17 30 - 34 2500 6.00 1553 7.10 946 4.79 35– 34 2905 6.97 1224 5.59 1681 8.51 40– 44 2625 6.30 1282 5.86 1343 6.80 45– 49 2807 6.74 1192 5.45 1615 8.17 50– 54 2282 5.48 1054 4.82 1229 6.22 55– 59 2954 7.09 1614 7.37 1341 6.79 60– 64 3166 7.60 1396 6.38 1770 8.96 65 - 69 3490 8.38 1649 7.53 1840 9.31 70 - 74 2299 5.52 1208 5.52 1091 5.52 75+ 3417 8.20 1985 9.07 1432 7.25 Appendix IV Disability

Percent Distribution of Disabled by Five Years Age Group, Cambodia Rural 2013

Age Group Percentage of Disabled Population Both Sexes Males Females No. % No. % No. % (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Total 259,980 100 135,122 100 124,859 100 0 – 4 6,175 2.38 2,897 2.14 3,277 2.62 5 – 9 9,121 3.51 3,493 2.59 5,628 4.51 10 - 14 12,760 4.91 6,964 5.15 5,796 4.64 15 - 19 16,673 6.41 9,656 7.15 7,017 5.62 20 - 24 24,500 9.42 11,365 8.41 13,135 10.52 25 - 29 15,706 6.04 8,425 6.24 7,282 5.83 30 - 34 14,665 5.64 7,013 5.19 7,651 6.13 35– 34 11,157 4.29 7,293 5.40 3,863 3.09 40– 44 15,265 5.87 9,770 7.23 5,494 4.40 45– 49 20,746 7.98 13,079 9.68 7,667 6.14 50– 54 20,450 7.87 11,903 8.81 8,547 6.85 55– 59 20,851 8.02 13,222 9.79 7,629 6.11 60– 64 16,663 6.41 8,040 5.95 8,623 6.91 65 - 69 15,821 6.09 6,845 5.07 8,977 7.19 70 - 74 15,126 5.82 6,347 4.70 8,779 7.03 75+ 24,302 9.35 8,808 6.52 15,494 12.41 Appendix IV Disability

Percent Distribution of Disabled by Five Years Age Group, Cambodia 2013

Age Percentage of Disabled Population Group Both Sexes Males Females No. % No. % No. % (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Total 301,629 100 157,008 100 144,622 100 0 – 4 7,018 2.33 2,898 1.85 4,121 2.85 5 – 9 10,712 3.55 4,685 2.98 6,026 4.17 10 - 14 14,326 4.75 8,122 5.17 6,208 4.29 15 - 19 20,184 6.69 11,719 7.46 8,465 5.85 20 - 24 27,794 9.21 13,110 8.35 14,685 10.15 25 - 29 18,101 6.00 9,995 6.37 8,105 5.60 30 - 34 17,164 5.69 8,567 5.46 8,597 5.94 35– 34 14,063 4.66 8,518 5.43 5,544 3.83 40– 44 17,891 5.93 11,051 7.04 6,837 4.73 45– 49 23,553 7.81 14,271 9.09 9,281 6.42 50– 54 22,731 7.54 12,957 8.25 9,777 6.76 55– 59 23,805 7.89 14,835 9.45 8,970 6.20 60– 64 19,828 6.57 9,438 6.01 10,392 7.19 65 - 69 19,311 6.40 8,494 5.41 10,817 7.48 70 - 74 17,425 5.78 7,555 4.81 9,871 6.83 75+ 27,718 9.19 10,794 6.87 16,926 11.70 Appendix IV Disability Table E1. Physically/Mentally Disabled Persons by 5-year Age Group and Sex.

Age Total In In In Mental Mental Multiple None In Seeing Other Group Population Speech Hearing Movement Retardation Illness Disabilities Both Sexes 14,676,591 14,374,962 105,059 16,237 27,260 100,819 15,613 21,122 10,620 4,899 0 - 4 1,303,588 1,296,569 2,856 855 151 1,794 - 557 545 260 5-9 1,474,650 1,463,939 4,568 1,520 654 1,946 662 384 438 540 10-14 1,543,160 1,528,833 4,475 1,486 793 3,310 2,121 1,662 479 - 15 - 19 1,558,004 1,537,820 4,790 1,608 1,662 6,258 1,660 2,687 1,468 51 20 - 24 1,613,940 1,586,145 8,528 4,086 1,786 6,144 2,438 3,656 810 346 25 - 29 1,342,919 1,324,817 5,298 2,017 1,247 6,274 1,247 1,570 448 - 30 - 34 1,210,936 1,193,772 6,217 717 1,765 4,794 1,338 1,888 191 254 35 - 39 734,970 720,908 6,383 252 745 4,394 750 877 321 341 40 - 44 844,823 826,934 5,057 158 535 8,722 1,859 676 569 315 45 - 49 772,599 749,046 6,492 1,158 935 11,513 626 1,553 946 330 50 - 54 661,350 638,617 8,163 278 1,539 10,471 775 950 513 42 55 - 59 498,504 474,698 8,537 879 1,870 9,397 833 1,242 893 154 60 - 64 390,619 370,790 7,074 505 1,992 6,696 387 1,286 1,201 687 65 - 69 272,657 253,346 7,870 15 2,607 7,362 - 722 371 364 70 - 74 201,989 184,564 7,788 430 1,869 5,369 527 926 348 168 75 + 251,881 224,161 10,961 273 7,108 6,377 390 485 1,078 1,046

Male 7,121,508 6,964,501 49,216 6,898 11,621 65,059 5,717 9,710 6,124 2,663 0 - 4 674,274 671,377 1,119 324 - 1,092 - 139 224 - 5-9 748,334 743,648 2,179 642 142 260 323 269 340 530 10-14 797,569 789,449 3,212 914 480 1,409 955 963 189 - 15 - 19 788,186 776,467 2,350 821 660 4,473 959 1,790 615 51 20 - 24 811,231 798,121 3,188 1,459 593 3,946 726 2,112 810 276 25 - 29 666,403 656,407 2,780 728 304 4,218 762 780 423 - 30 - 34 580,996 572,429 3,171 383 834 3,057 442 360 66 254 35 - 39 361,176 352,659 3,836 195 424 3,364 230 13 158 298 40 - 44 388,882 377,830 2,413 158 170 6,685 604 425 560 36 45 - 49 366,219 351,947 3,018 201 499 8,751 135 629 815 223 50 - 54 292,251 279,294 3,607 33 642 7,783 126 329 395 42 55 - 59 198,455 183,619 5,086 338 1,345 6,931 239 490 406 - 60 - 64 156,355 146,919 3,083 254 823 3,490 18 754 537 479 65 - 69 111,775 103,281 3,051 15 1,097 3,855 - 112 - 364 70 - 74 80,798 73,243 3,187 417 605 2,790 - 353 203 - 75 + 98,606 87,812 3,936 14 3,002 2,959 197 193 383 110

Female 7,555,083 7,410,461 55,843 9,339 15,639 35,760 9,896 11,412 4,497 2,236 0 - 4 629,314 625,193 1,738 530 151 703 - 418 321 260 5-9 726,316 720,291 2,389 878 512 1,686 338 115 98 10 10-14 745,592 739,384 1,264 573 314 1,901 1,167 699 290 - 15 - 19 769,818 761,354 2,440 787 1,002 1,785 701 897 853 - 20 - 24 802,710 788,024 5,340 2,627 1,194 2,198 1,711 1,545 - 70 25 - 29 676,517 668,411 2,518 1,289 943 2,056 485 790 24 - 30 - 34 629,941 621,343 3,046 333 931 1,737 896 1,528 126 - 35 - 39 373,794 368,249 2,547 57 321 1,030 519 864 163 43 40 - 44 455,941 449,104 2,644 - 364 2,036 1,255 250 9 279 45 - 49 406,380 397,099 3,474 956 435 2,762 491 924 132 107 50 - 54 369,099 359,323 4,556 246 898 2,688 649 621 119 - 55 - 59 300,049 291,079 3,451 541 525 2,467 594 752 486 154 60 - 64 234,264 223,871 3,991 252 1,169 3,206 370 532 664 208 65 - 69 160,882 150,065 4,819 - 1,510 3,507 - 610 371 - 70 - 74 121,192 111,322 4,601 13 1,264 2,579 527 574 145 168 75 + 153,275 136,349 7,025 259 4,106 3,418 193 293 696 936 Urban Table E1. Physically/Mentally Disabled Persons by 5-year Age Group and Sex.

Age Total In In In Mental Mental Multiple None In Seeing Other Group Population Speech Hearing Movement Retardation Illness Disabilities

Both Sexes 3,146,212 3,104,563 17,365 1,959 4,243 10,854 2,870 2,197 1,309 852 0 - 4 237,741 236,897 556 - - - - 288 - - 5-9 272,096 270,505 1,050 183 - - - - - 358 10-14 276,132 274,565 785 173 - 24 399 185 - - 15 - 19 305,578 302,067 1,481 45 260 639 600 278 208 - 20 - 24 361,381 358,085 1,122 404 255 707 280 514 12 - 25 - 29 324,283 321,887 1,141 208 - 771 218 33 24 - 30 - 34 317,697 315,197 1,017 - 919 329 235 - - - 35 - 39 170,974 168,069 1,876 83 - 630 - 317 - - 40 - 44 202,275 199,651 355 - 52 1,315 606 - 18 279 45 - 49 170,134 167,326 816 727 70 1,194 - - - - 50 - 54 154,221 151,939 803 - - 896 333 - 250 - 55 - 59 124,337 121,383 1,141 14 353 784 199 - 464 - 60 - 64 88,548 85,382 1,060 109 342 740 - 582 333 - 65 - 69 56,170 52,680 1,461 - 639 1,206 - - - 184 70 - 74 39,426 37,127 1,620 - - 679 - - - - 75 + 45,220 41,803 1,081 14 1,352 940 - - - 31

Male 1,527,479 1,505,593 8,360 506 2,815 6,303 1,460 1,379 521 542 0 - 4 116,593 116,593 ------5-9 138,417 137,225 689 146 - - - - - 358 10-14 148,527 147,372 785 - - - 185 185 - - 15 - 19 154,236 152,172 737 - 260 254 535 278 - - 20 - 24 181,108 179,364 306 63 255 314 280 514 12 - 25 - 29 155,359 153,788 464 187 - 669 218 33 - - 30 - 34 151,097 149,544 738 - 580 236 - - - - 35 - 39 88,165 86,941 818 83 - 310 - 13 - - 40 - 44 92,274 90,992 317 - - 713 242 - 9 - 45 - 49 84,312 83,120 395 - 14 784 - - - - 50 - 54 69,980 68,926 294 - - 510 - - 250 - 55 - 59 53,599 51,986 453 14 353 545 - - 250 - 60 - 64 37,955 36,559 576 - 342 122 - 356 - - 65 - 69 22,563 20,913 508 - 303 654 - - - 184 70 - 74 16,561 15,353 775 - - 433 - - - - 75 + 16,733 14,747 506 14 708 758 - - - - Female 1,618,734 1,598,970 9,005 1,453 1,429 4,551 1,410 819 788 310 0 - 4 121,149 120,305 556 - - - - 288 - - 5-9 133,678 133,281 361 37 ------10-14 127,604 127,193 - 173 - 24 214 - - - 15 - 19 151,342 149,895 745 45 - 385 66 - 208 - 20 - 24 180,272 178,721 816 341 - 394 - - - - 25 - 29 168,924 168,100 677 21 - 101 - - 24 - 30 - 34 166,600 165,653 279 - 340 94 235 - - - 35 - 39 82,809 81,128 1,058 - - 319 - 304 - - 40 - 44 110,002 108,659 38 - 52 602 363 - 9 279 45 - 49 85,822 84,207 421 727 57 410 - - - - 50 - 54 84,241 83,013 509 - - 386 333 - - - 55 - 59 70,738 69,397 688 - - 239 199 - 214 - 60 - 64 50,593 48,823 484 109 - 617 - 226 333 - 65 - 69 33,607 31,767 953 - 336 551 - - - - 70 - 74 22,865 21,774 845 - - 246 - - - - 75 + 28,487 27,055 576 - 644 182 - - - 31 Rural Table E1. Physically/Mentally Disabled Persons by 5-year Age Group and Sex.

Age Total In In In Mental Mental Multiple None In Seeing Other Group Population Speech Hearing Movement Retardation Illness Disabilities

Both Sexes 11,530,378 11,270,398 87,694 14,279 23,016 89,965 12,743 18,925 9,312 4,047 0 - 4 1,065,847 1,059,672 2,300 855 151 1,794 - 269 545 260 5-9 1,202,554 1,193,434 3,518 1,337 654 1,946 662 384 438 182 10-14 1,267,028 1,254,269 3,690 1,313 793 3,286 1,722 1,477 479 - 15 - 19 1,252,427 1,235,754 3,309 1,563 1,402 5,619 1,060 2,409 1,260 51 20 - 24 1,252,560 1,228,060 7,406 3,682 1,531 5,437 2,158 3,142 798 346 25 - 29 1,018,636 1,002,930 4,157 1,809 1,247 5,503 1,029 1,537 423 - 30 - 34 893,240 878,575 5,200 717 846 4,465 1,103 1,888 191 254 35 - 39 563,996 552,839 4,507 169 745 3,764 750 560 321 341 40 - 44 642,548 627,283 4,702 158 483 7,406 1,253 676 551 36 45 - 49 602,465 581,720 5,676 431 864 10,318 626 1,553 946 330 50 - 54 507,128 486,678 7,360 278 1,539 9,574 442 950 264 42 55 - 59 374,167 353,315 7,396 866 1,517 8,614 634 1,242 429 154 60 - 64 302,071 285,408 6,014 396 1,650 5,956 387 704 868 687 65 - 69 216,487 200,666 6,409 15 1,968 6,157 - 722 371 180 70 - 74 162,563 147,437 6,168 430 1,869 4,690 527 926 348 168 75 + 206,661 182,358 9,880 259 5,757 5,437 390 485 1,078 1,015

Male 5,594,029 5,458,908 40,856 6,392 8,806 58,756 4,257 8,332 5,603 2,121 0 - 4 557,681 554,784 1,119 324 - 1,092 - 139 224 - 5-9 609,916 606,424 1,489 496 142 260 323 269 340 173 10-14 649,041 642,077 2,427 914 480 1,409 769 778 189 - 15 - 19 633,951 624,295 1,614 821 400 4,219 425 1,512 615 51 20 - 24 630,122 618,757 2,882 1,396 337 3,632 446 1,598 798 276 25 - 29 511,044 502,619 2,316 541 304 3,548 544 747 423 - 30 - 34 429,899 422,885 2,433 383 254 2,821 442 360 66 254 35 - 39 273,011 265,717 3,018 112 424 3,053 230 - 158 298 40 - 44 296,609 286,838 2,096 158 170 5,972 362 425 551 36 45 - 49 281,907 268,828 2,624 201 486 7,967 135 629 815 223 50 - 54 222,271 210,368 3,314 33 642 7,273 126 329 145 42 55 - 59 144,856 131,633 4,634 325 992 6,386 239 490 157 - 60 - 64 118,400 110,360 2,507 254 481 3,367 18 398 537 479 65 - 69 89,212 82,368 2,542 15 794 3,201 - 112 - 180 70 - 74 64,236 57,889 2,412 417 605 2,356 - 353 203 - 75 + 81,873 73,064 3,430 - 2,295 2,201 197 193 383 110

Female 5,936,349 5,811,491 46,838 7,887 14,210 31,209 8,486 10,593 3,709 1,926 0 - 4 508,165 504,888 1,182 530 151 703 - 130 321 260 5-9 592,638 587,010 2,029 841 512 1,686 338 115 98 10 10-14 617,987 612,192 1,264 399 314 1,877 952 699 290 - 15 - 19 618,476 611,459 1,695 742 1,002 1,400 635 897 646 - 20 - 24 622,437 609,303 4,524 2,286 1,194 1,805 1,711 1,545 - 70 25 - 29 507,593 500,311 1,841 1,268 943 1,955 485 790 - - 30 - 34 463,341 455,690 2,767 333 591 1,643 662 1,528 126 - 35 - 39 290,985 287,122 1,489 57 321 711 519 560 163 43 40 - 44 345,939 340,445 2,606 - 312 1,434 891 250 - - 45 - 49 320,559 312,892 3,053 230 379 2,352 491 924 132 107 50 - 54 284,857 276,310 4,046 246 898 2,301 316 621 119 - 55 - 59 229,311 221,682 2,763 541 525 2,228 394 752 272 154 60 - 64 183,671 175,048 3,507 142 1,169 2,589 370 306 331 208 65 - 69 127,275 118,298 3,867 - 1,174 2,956 - 610 371 - 70 - 74 98,327 89,548 3,756 13 1,264 2,333 527 574 145 168 75 + 124,788 109,294 6,449 259 3,462 3,237 193 293 696 905 Appendix IV Disability Table E3. Physically/Mentally Disabled Persons by Literacy in any languge, Level of Education, 5-year Age Group and Sex. Literacy Education Level of Literate

Technical / Technical / Age and Primary Secondary Master's Total Primary Lower Vocational Vocational Bachelor's Not Sex Literate Illiterate None not school/Bac Degree/ Other Population Complted Secondary Pre- Post- Degree Reported completed calaurate PhD secondary secondary

Both Sexes 301,629 168,233 133,396 10,601 82,769 41,995 28,595 2,273 72 268 1,442 156 61 - 0 - 4 7,019 - 7,019 ------5-9 10,711 3,312 7,399 870 2,442 ------10-14 14,327 8,812 5,515 230 6,945 1,638 ------15 - 19 20,184 14,921 5,263 896 5,400 5,007 3,105 513 ------20 - 24 27,795 17,437 10,359 962 5,943 4,855 5,023 643 - 9 - - - - 25 - 29 18,102 10,727 7,376 647 3,851 3,487 1,938 45 - 188 571 - - - 30 - 34 17,164 10,336 6,829 243 5,502 2,082 1,912 309 - 10 278 - - - 35 - 39 14,062 9,252 4,810 515 3,516 3,562 1,278 - - - 380 - - - 40 - 44 17,889 11,803 6,086 657 6,559 2,977 1,102 302 - - 206 - - - 45 - 49 23,553 14,690 8,863 636 7,664 3,753 2,557 - 72 - 8 - - - 50 - 54 22,732 14,399 8,333 565 8,580 2,822 2,248 122 - - - - 61 - 55 - 59 23,806 14,298 9,508 895 6,882 3,286 2,988 125 - 61 - 61 - - 60 - 64 19,829 12,593 7,235 1,233 6,917 2,420 1,942 - - - - 82 - - 65 - 69 19,311 10,179 9,132 423 4,683 2,232 2,626 215 ------70 - 74 17,425 6,407 11,018 694 3,409 1,187 1,116 ------75 + 27,720 9,069 18,651 1,134 4,476 2,686 760 - - - - 14 - -

Male 157,007 104,813 52,194 3,674 47,493 28,560 21,814 1,542 - 268 1,244 156 61 - 0 - 4 2,897 - 2,897 ------5-9 4,686 1,678 3,007 425 1,253 ------10-14 8,120 5,435 2,685 106 4,149 1,180 ------15 - 19 11,720 8,798 2,922 100 3,692 3,082 1,863 62 ------20 - 24 13,110 9,015 4,095 171 2,941 2,174 3,250 470 - 9 - - - - 25 - 29 9,996 6,814 3,182 450 2,058 2,169 1,532 45 - 188 372 - - - 30 - 34 8,567 5,422 3,145 9 1,694 1,350 1,773 309 - 10 278 - - - 35 - 39 8,517 5,899 2,618 - 1,680 2,711 1,128 - - - 380 - - - 40 - 44 11,052 7,970 3,082 456 4,339 2,063 651 256 - - 206 - - - 45 - 49 14,271 9,858 4,413 - 4,683 2,729 2,439 - - - 8 - - - 50 - 54 12,957 9,138 3,819 67 5,022 2,009 1,917 61 - - - - 61 - 55 - 59 14,836 10,181 4,656 396 4,646 2,618 2,273 125 - 61 - 61 - - 60 - 64 9,436 7,744 1,692 309 4,453 1,475 1,426 - - - - 82 - - 65 - 69 8,494 6,014 2,480 151 2,191 1,611 1,845 215 ------70 - 74 7,555 4,361 3,194 271 2,156 863 1,072 ------75 + 10,794 6,487 4,307 763 2,538 2,527 645 - - - - 14 - -

Female 144,622 63,420 81,202 6,927 35,276 13,435 6,781 731 72 - 198 - - - 0 - 4 4,121 - 4,121 ------5-9 6,026 1,634 4,391 445 1,189 ------10-14 6,207 3,377 2,830 123 2,796 458 ------15 - 19 8,464 6,123 2,341 796 1,708 1,926 1,242 451 ------20 - 24 14,685 8,421 6,264 791 3,002 2,681 1,773 174 ------25 - 29 8,106 3,912 4,194 197 1,793 1,319 405 - - - 198 - - - 30 - 34 8,598 4,914 3,684 234 3,808 732 139 ------35 - 39 5,545 3,353 2,192 515 1,836 851 150 ------40 - 44 6,837 3,833 3,005 201 2,220 915 451 45 ------45 - 49 9,282 4,832 4,450 636 2,982 1,024 118 - 72 - - - - - 50 - 54 9,775 5,261 4,514 498 3,558 813 331 61 ------55 - 59 8,970 4,118 4,852 499 2,235 668 715 ------60 - 64 10,392 4,850 5,543 924 2,465 945 516 ------65 - 69 10,817 4,165 6,652 272 2,492 620 780 ------70 - 74 9,870 2,046 7,824 423 1,254 324 45 ------75 + 16,926 2,582 14,343 371 1,938 159 115 ------Urban Table E3. Physically/Mentally Disabled Persons by Literacy in any languge, Level of Education, 5-year Age Group and Sex. Literacy Education Level of Literate

Both Sexes 41649 28861 12788 3010 11313 5386 6134 1748 - 248 866 156 - - 0 - 4 844 - 844 ------5-9 1590 333 1257 333 ------10-14 1567 1166 402 - 446 720 ------15 - 19 3511 3038 473 357 1020 260 888 513 ------20 - 24 3295 2860 435 63 827 452 1065 453 ------25 - 29 2396 1912 483 208 629 187 554 - - 188 147 - - - 30 - 34 2500 1788 711 - 580 - 622 309 - - 278 - - - 35 - 39 2905 1962 943 304 532 505 241 - - - 380 - - - 40 - 44 2625 1313 1312 - 673 279 288 12 - - 61 - - - 45 - 49 2807 2324 484 464 1087 357 416 ------50 - 54 2282 1771 511 265 863 263 258 122 ------55 - 59 2954 2115 840 32 887 515 433 125 - 61 - 61 - - 60 - 64 3166 2625 541 584 1182 562 214 - - - - 82 - - 65 - 69 3490 2234 1256 - 801 301 916 215 ------70 - 74 2299 1390 909 61 925 167 237 ------75 + 3417 2031 1386 339 860 818 - - - - - 14 - -

Male 21886 15806 6080 878 5272 3702 3683 1063 - 248 804 156 - - 0 - 4 ------5-9 1193 333 860 333 ------10-14 1155 1117 38 - 397 720 ------15 - 19 2064 1717 347 - 1009 260 386 62 ------20 - 24 1745 1460 285 63 130 241 745 280 ------25 - 29 1571 1144 428 208 14 187 462 - - 188 85 - - - 30 - 34 1553 1104 449 - 35 - 483 309 - - 278 - - - 35 - 39 1224 600 624 - 56 73 91 - - - 380 - - - 40 - 44 1282 783 499 - 432 279 - 12 - - 61 - - - 45 - 49 1192 1178 14 - 670 153 355 ------50 - 54 1054 569 485 - 61 250 197 61 ------55 - 59 1614 1261 353 - 669 270 75 125 - 61 - 61 - - 60 - 64 1396 1041 356 - 552 254 153 - - - - 82 - - 65 - 69 1649 1025 624 - 281 31 498 215 ------70 - 74 1208 851 357 - 447 167 237 ------75 + 1985 1623 362 273 518 818 - - - - - 14 - -

Female 19763 13056 6708 2132 6041 1684 2450 686 - - 62 - - - 0 - 4 844 - 844 ------5-9 398 - 398 ------10-14 412 49 363 - 49 ------15 - 19 1447 1321 126 357 11 - 501 451 ------20 - 24 1551 1401 150 - 697 210 320 174 ------25 - 29 824 769 56 - 615 - 91 - - - 62 - - - 30 - 34 946 684 262 - 545 - 139 ------35 - 39 1681 1362 319 304 476 432 150 ------40 - 44 1343 530 813 - 242 - 288 ------45 - 49 1615 1145 470 464 417 204 61 ------50 - 54 1229 1202 26 265 802 14 61 61 ------55 - 59 1341 854 487 32 218 246 359 ------60 - 64 1770 1584 185 584 630 308 61 ------65 - 69 1840 1209 632 - 520 271 418 ------70 - 74 1091 539 552 61 478 ------75 + 1432 408 1024 66 342 ------Rural Table E3. Physically/Mentally Disabled Persons by Literacy in any languge, Level of Education, 5-year Age Group and Sex. Literacy Education Level of Literate Technical / Technical / Age and Primary Secondary Master's Total Primary Lower Vocational Vocational Bachelor's Not Sex Literate Illiterate None not school/Bac Degree/ Other Population Complted Secondary Pre- Post- Degree Reported completed calaurate PhD secondary secondary Both Sexes 259,980 139,372 120,608 7,591 71,456 36,609 22,461 525 72 20 576 - 61 - 0 - 4 6,175 - 6,175 ------5-9 9,121 2,979 6,141 537 2,442 ------10-14 12,760 7,647 5,113 230 6,499 918 ------15 - 19 16,673 11,883 4,790 538 4,380 4,747 2,217 ------20 - 24 24,500 14,576 9,924 899 5,116 4,403 3,958 190 - 9 - - - - 25 - 29 15,706 8,814 6,892 439 3,222 3,300 1,384 45 - - 424 - - - 30 - 34 14,665 8,547 6,117 243 4,922 2,082 1,290 - - 10 - - - - 35 - 39 11,157 7,289 3,867 211 2,984 3,057 1,037 ------40 - 44 15,265 10,490 4,774 657 5,886 2,698 814 290 - - 145 - - - 45 - 49 20,746 12,366 8,379 173 6,577 3,397 2,140 - 72 - 8 - - - 50 - 54 20,450 12,627 7,822 300 7,717 2,559 1,990 - - - - - 61 - 55 - 59 20,851 12,183 8,668 863 5,994 2,771 2,555 ------60 - 64 16,663 9,969 6,694 649 5,735 1,857 1,727 ------65 - 69 15,821 7,945 7,877 423 3,882 1,930 1,709 ------70 - 74 15,126 5,017 10,109 633 2,485 1,020 879 ------75 + 24,302 7,038 17,264 795 3,615 1,868 760 ------

Male 135,122 89,007 46,114 2,796 42,221 24,859 18,131 480 - 20 440 - 61 - 0 - 4 2,897 - 2,897 ------5-9 3,493 1,345 2,148 92 1,253 ------10-14 6,964 4,318 2,646 106 3,752 460 ------15 - 19 9,656 7,081 2,575 100 2,683 2,822 1,476 ------20 - 24 11,365 7,556 3,810 108 2,811 1,932 2,505 190 - 9 - - - - 25 - 29 8,425 5,671 2,754 242 2,044 1,982 1,070 45 - - 288 - - - 30 - 34 7,013 4,318 2,695 9 1,659 1,350 1,290 - - 10 - - - - 35 - 39 7,293 5,299 1,995 - 1,623 2,638 1,037 ------40 - 44 9,770 7,187 2,583 456 3,907 1,784 651 245 - - 145 - - - 45 - 49 13,079 8,680 4,399 - 4,013 2,576 2,083 - - - 8 - - - 50 - 54 11,903 8,569 3,334 67 4,960 1,760 1,721 - - - - - 61 - 55 - 59 13,222 8,919 4,303 396 3,977 2,348 2,199 ------60 - 64 8,040 6,703 1,337 309 3,901 1,221 1,273 ------65 - 69 6,845 4,988 1,856 151 1,910 1,581 1,347 ------70 - 74 6,347 3,510 2,837 271 1,709 696 834 ------75 + 8,808 4,864 3,945 490 2,020 1,709 645 ------

Female 124,859 50,365 74,494 4,795 29,235 11,751 4,331 45 72 - 136 - - - 0 - 4 3,277 - 3,277 ------5-9 5,628 1,634 3,994 445 1,189 ------10-14 5,796 3,329 2,467 123 2,747 458 ------15 - 19 7,017 4,802 2,215 439 1,697 1,926 741 ------20 - 24 13,135 7,021 6,114 791 2,305 2,471 1,453 ------25 - 29 7,282 3,144 4,138 197 1,178 1,319 314 - - - 136 - - - 30 - 34 7,651 4,229 3,422 234 3,263 732 ------35 - 39 3,863 1,991 1,872 211 1,361 419 ------40 - 44 5,494 3,303 2,191 201 1,979 915 163 45 ------45 - 49 7,667 3,686 3,980 173 2,565 820 57 - 72 - - - - - 50 - 54 8,547 4,059 4,488 233 2,756 799 270 ------55 - 59 7,629 3,264 4,365 467 2,018 423 356 ------60 - 64 8,623 3,265 5,357 340 1,835 636 454 ------65 - 69 8,977 2,956 6,021 272 1,972 349 362 ------70 - 74 8,779 1,507 7,272 362 776 324 45 ------75 + 15,494 2,175 13,319 305 1,595 159 115 ------