DOCSLIB.ORG

Fsk and Bpsk Modulation and an Implementation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fsk and Bpsk Modulation and an Implementation ANALYSIS OF FREQUENCY HOPPING SYSTEM WITH 2-ARY FSK AND BPSK MODULATION AND AN IMPLEMENTATION OF A COHERENT 2-ARY FSK/FH MODEM : A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the College of Engineering and Technology Ohio University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science b Y Yaim B. Zaxawi March 1983 OHIO UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ATHENS, OHIO Acknowledgment I am indebted to my advisor, Dr. Joseph E. Essman, for his encouragement, valuable suggestions and guidance during the course of this work. Also the author wishes to express his thanks to Dr. M. Jameel for his help, particularly in the real time simulation. Special appreciation and affection is recorded to my parents for their support and understanding during the course of this work. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENT ......................... i LISTOFTABLES ........................ iv LISTOFFIGURES ........................ v Chapter INTRODUCTION ...................... 2 . SPECTRAL ANALYSIS ................... 4 Introduction 2.2 Analysis of Frequency Shift Keying/Frequency Hopping (FSK/FH) ................. 4 2.2.a Analysis of Frequency Hopping Signal Using a PN-Code Sequence .......... 4 2.2.b Analysis of Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) Signal ................... 8 2.2.c Spectrum Analysis ............. 11 2.3 Spectrum Analysis of Binary Phase Shift Keying/ Frequency Hopping (BPSK/FH) ............ 27 2.4 Summaryand Conclusions .............. 34 3 . PERFORMANCE OF THE FREQUENCY HOPPING SYSTEE.1 ...... 39 3.1 Introduction ................... 39 3.2.a Partial-Band Noise Jan?ming Model ...... 39 3.2.b Partial-Band kltitone Jaming Model .... 40 3.3 Probability of Error Calculations in the Presence of Partial-Band Noise Jamming ...... 40 3.3.a Detection of Yon-Coherent Binary Frequency Shift Keying in Frequency Hopping Environment (2-ary FSK/FH) ......... 40 i i 3.3.b Worst Case Jamming Strategy Against Non-Cherent FSK/FH . 43 3.3 .c Detection of Coherent Frequency Shift Keying in Frequency Hopping Environment (Coherent FSK/FH) . 46 3.3.d Binary Differential Phase Shift Keying in Frequency Hopping Environment (BDPSK/FH) . 49 3.4 Calculations of the Probability of Error in the Presence of Partial-Band Multitone Jamming . 52 3.4.a 2-ary Non-Coherent FSK/FH with Jam Tone Spacing Equal to the Bit Rate . 55 3.4.b 2-ary Non-Coherent FSK/FH with Jam Tone Spacing Equal to Twice Bit Rate . 57 3.4.c Probability of Error of the BDPSK/FH with Jam Tone Spacing Equal to the Bit Rate . 57 3.5 Conclusions. 60 4. REALTIMESIMULATION. 62 4.1 Introduction . 62 4.2 Design and Description of the Coherent FSK/FH Modem 62 4.3 Results andcomments . 72 4.3 Summary and Conclusions . 54 BIBLIOGRAPHY.... ..................... 91 APPENDIX A. COMPUTER LISTINGS LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 2.1 Spread Spectrum Frequency Hopping Model ......... 5 2.2 Carrier Frequency Versus Time for the FH Signal Using a PN-Code Sequence ................... 7 2.3 The Periodic Rectangular Function Used in the Expression of the FH Signal ............... 7 2 -4 Frequency Synthesizer's Waveforms with B = 2 ...... 9 a) Code Sequence b) Carrier Frequency Versus Time c) The Periodic Rectangular Function d) Output Waveform 2.5 The FSK Modulator Waveforms ...............10 a) Baseband Signal (Input) b) Output Waveform c) Frequency Versus Time 2.6 Frequency Versus Time Relationship for the FSK/FH Signal Assuming T~ = 2~~ for B = 2 ...............13 2.7 The General Periodic Gate Function Used in the FSK/FH Analysis ........................13 2.3 Frequency Versus Time for the FSK/FH Signal with B = 3 and T~ = ~,/3 .....................14 a) Code Sequence b) Rectangular Functions for the FSK and FH Signal c) Carrier Frequency Versus Time 2.9 Magnitude Line Spectra for the Plain FSK Signal Considering the Second Zero Crossing (Positive Frequencies Only) ....................20 2.10 Magnitude Line Spectra for the Plain FH Signal with B = 2 Considering the Second Zero Crossing (Positive Frequencies Only) ...............21 2.11 Magnitude Line Spectra for the Plain FH Sigcal with B = 3 Considering the First Zero Crossing (Positive Frequencies Only! ...............22 Figure Page Magnitude Line Spectra for the Plain FH Signal with B = 4 Considering the First Zero Crossing ........23 Magnitude Line Spectra for the FSK/FH Signal with B = 2 and rh = 2rm (urn = 4%) After Th Seconds, Considering the First Zero Crossing ...........24 Magnitude Line Spectrum for the FSK/FH Signal with B = 2 and -rh = 2r for the Special Case Where Awl m Magnitude Line Spectra for the FSK/FH Signal with B = 2 and rh = r,/4 (b+, = 2um) After 2Th Seconds, Considering the First Zero Crossing (Positive Frequencies Only) ....................26 BPSKWaveforms .....................28 a) Baseband Signal b) Output Signal Carrier Frequency Versus Time for the BPSK/FH Signal with B = 2 and rh = 2rm .............30 Magnitude Line Spectra for the BPSK Signal .......32 Magnitude Line Spectra for the BPSK/FH Signal with B = 2 and r = 2rm 33 h .............. Partial-Band Noise Jamming Model ............41 Partial-Band Multitone Jamming Model ..........41 Bit Probability of Error Versus Bit Energy to Jam Noise for the Non-Coherent FSK/FH in the Presence of Partial-Band Noise with a = 1.0 ...........44 The Product XPB(x) Versus E/NJ for the Coherent and Non-Coherent FSK/FH in the Presence of Partial- BandNoiseJa~ming ...................35 Bit Probability of Error Versus the Bit Energy of Jam Noise Density in the Presence of Partial-Sand Noise with a = 1.0 for the Coherent and Non- Coherent FSK/FH .....................47 Figure Page 3.6 The Jammed Fraction of the RF Bandwidth vs the Bit Energy to Jam Noise Density Ratio in the Presence of Partial Band Noise (Worst Case) for the FSK/FH (Coherent), FSK-FH (Non-Coherent) , and BDPSK/FH Waveforms .......................50 3.7 Maximum Bit Probability of Error vs Bit Energy to Jam Noise Density in the Presence of Partial-Band Noise for the Coherent and Non-Coherent FSK/FH Waveforms (Worst Case) . 51 3.8 The Product XPB(x) Versus (E/NJ) for the BPSK/FH Waveform in the Presence of Partial-Band Noise Jamming. ........................53 3.9 Bit Probability of Error vs the Bit Energy to Jam Noise in the Presence of Partial-Band Noise Jamming for the BFSK/FH and BDPSK/FH (Worst Case) . 54 3.10 Bit Probability of Error Versus the Bit Energy to Jam Noise Density in the Presence of Partial- Band Multitone Jamming (Worst Case) for the Non-Coherent FSK/FH and for the BPSK-FH Waveforms ....58 3.11 Bit Probability of Error Versus the Bit Energy to Jam Noise Density (Worst Case) for All the Different Waveforms Considered .............59 4.1 Block Diagram of the Implemented Coherent FSK/FH Modem. .........................63 4.2 Circuit Diagram Connection for the Coherent FSK/FH Modem. .........................64 a) Transmitter's Side b) Receiver's Side 4.3 Input Waveforms to the FSK/FH Modem ...........74 a) Input Data (A Stream of Square Wave Pulses with r = 15 msec and duty cycle = 50%) m b) The Spreading Frequency Hopping Signal with a Center Frequency = 150 KHz, Number of Output Frequencies = 11, and Hopping Step Size = 5 KHz 4.4 Output Waveforms from the FSK Modulator .........75 a) The Mark Frequency f M = 2 KHz b) The Space Frequency fS = 1 KHz c) The FSK Signal Figure Page Amplitude Response of the Receiver's 4-Pole Butterworth Band Pass Filter with Center Frequency f = 1.5 KHz and Quality Factor = C QBp=2........................ 76 The Complete Transmitted FSK/FH Signal Waveform (Output of the Transmitter's Mixer) ...........77 Output Waveform of the Receiver's BPF ..........77 Output Data (Output of the FSK Demodulator) .......77 Frequency Spectrum for the FH Signal Coming from the Synthesizer with a Center Frequency = 150 KHz, Number of Output Frequencies = 11, Hopping Step Size = 5 KHz and Time/Hopping Step -rh = 30 msec ...................78 Frequency Spectrum for the FSK Signal with the Mark Frequency f = 2 KHz, Space Frequency fS = 1 KHz M and Pulse Width rm = 15 msec .............78 Frequency Spectrum for the Frequency Hopping Signal of Fig. 4.9 ...................79 a) When Mixed with the Mark Frequency Only b) When Mixed with the Space Frequency Only Frequency Spectrum for the FSK/FH Signal with a Center Frequency = 150 KHz, Number of Output Frequencies = 11, Hopping Step Size (Awi) = 5 KHz, ;h = 30 msec and -rm = 15 msec (Slow Frequency Hopping) ...................80 Frequency Spectrum for the De-spread Signal After Being Passed Through the BPF ...........80 Frequency Spectrum for the FH Signal with a Center Frequency = 500 KHz, Number of Output Frequencies = 101, Hopping Step Size = 5 KHz and Time/Step = 30 msec. ........................S1 Frequency Spectrum for the FH Signal (Whose Spectrum is Shown in Fig. 4.14) When Mixed with the FSK Signal with -rm= 15 msec ............81 Portion of the Spectrum of the Signal Whose Spectrum is Shown in Fig. 4.15. [Horizontal Scale is Set to 10 KHz/cm.] ...............82 Figure Page 4.17 Frequency Spectrum for the FSK/FH Signal with a Center Frequency = 150 KHz, Number of Output Frequencies = 11, Hopping Step Size = 0.5 KHz, T~ = 30 msec and T~ = 15 msec . 82 4.18 Frequency Spectrum for the FSK/FH Signal with a Center Frequency = 150 KHz, Number of Output Frequencies = 11, Hopping Step Size = 5 KHz and T~ = ~,/2 = 30 msec (Fast Frequency Hopping) . 83 a) After t < 3Th b) After t > 3Th Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Shannon's original work in 1948 in the field of statistical communication theory showed that the capacity of a channel to transfer error-free information is enhanced by increasing the bandwidth of the transmitted signal, and this was the basis of spread spectrum develop- ment. At the beginning, this new concept of communication did not draw much attention because it was very difficult to implement any such system with the circuit technology that was available at that time.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mixed Signals Nicholas Puckett
    The Oval Volume 11 | Issue 1 Article 19 4-15-2018 Mixed Signals Nicholas Puckett Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy . Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/oval Recommended Citation Puckett, Nicholas (2018) "Mixed Signals," The Oval: Vol. 11 : Iss. 1 , Article 19. Available at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/oval/vol11/iss1/19 This Prose is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Oval by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FICTION MIXED SIGNALS Nicholas Puckett No other pitcher in the minor leagues had a more unfortu- nate name than Homer Walker. It was Homer’s adopted father who named him after himself, and his father, and his father before him. The name was planned, as was Mrs. Walker’s pregnancy, but after numerous failed attempts at getting pregnant, which eventually left Mr. Walker finally conceding that it was, indeed, “his fault,” and numerous rejections from numerous adoption centers, they settled on the blonde-haired boy whom they named Homer. He was used to fans and teammates making fun of him for having such a perfectly ridiculous name, but their chiding was si- lenced once they saw him pitch. He could throw a fastball a hun- dred miles per hour and had a curveball that spun batters into the dirt like a corkscrew when they swung. Those were his high school days, at least. Then, he looked entirely different.
    [Show full text]
  • Roots101art & Writing Activities
    Art & Writing Roots101Activities ART & WRITING ACTIVITIES 1 Roots-inspired mural by AIC students Speaker Box by Waring Elementary student "Annie's Tomorrow" by Annie Seng TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 2 Roots Trading Cards 3 Warm-ups 6 Activity #1: Also Known As 12 Activity #2: Phrenology Portrait 14 Activity #3: Album Cover Design 16 Activity #4: Musical Invention 18 Activity #5: Speaker Boxes 20 Activity #6: Self-Portrait on Vinyl 22 ART & WRITING ACTIVITIES 1 Through The Roots Mural Project, Mural Arts honors INTRODUCTION homegrown hip hop trailblazers, cultural icons, and GRAMMY® Award winners, The Roots. From founders Tariq “Black Thought” Trotter’s and Ahmir “?uestlove” Thompson’s humble beginnings at the Philadelphia High School for Creative and Performing Arts (CAPA), to their double digit recorded albums and EPs, to an endless overseas touring schedule, and their current position as house band on “Late Night with Jimmy Fallon” on NBC, The Roots have influenced generations of artists locally, nationally, and globally. As Mural Arts continues to redefine muralism in the 21st century, this project was one of its most ambitious and far-reaching yet, including elements such as audio and video, city-wide engagement through paint days, a talkback lecture series, and a pop-up studio. Working alongside SEFG Entertainment LLC and other arts and culture partners, Mural Arts produced a larger-than-life mural to showcase the breadth of The Roots’ musical accomplishments and their place in the pantheon of Philadelphia’s rich musical history. The mural is located at 512 S. Broad Street on the wall of World Communications Charter School, not far from CAPA, where The Roots were founded.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Download Mixed Signals Ebook
    MIXED SIGNALS PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Liz Curtis Higgs | 384 pages | 04 May 2005 | Multnomah Press | 9781590524381 | English | Sisters, United States Mixed Signals PDF Book When I was relatively young and still inexperienced with girls, I blew up at a girl for "playing games" like this with me. He goes out of his way to do things for you but shies away from talking about his feelings. Oldest Newest Most Voted. You also need to think about your actions and how they will be perceived. For more stories like this, sign up for our newsletter! I think we all sort of know it when we see it, but taking a minute to really flesh this concept out is important. Sometimes, you spend weeks chatting up a girl before you go on a date. They commented on that apple-picking pic you just posted with a fire emoji? Guys like to be in charge of the chase sometimes, so if he's the one making the moves toward you, it's safe to say that he's interested in you. Thank you! It can take many different forms across many different cultures. Sometimes, wires get crossed, triggering vulnerabilities and insecurities that can throw you for a loop, but this advice from relationship pros can help you move forward from these common mixed signals. Or they DM about your stories but rarely respond when you DM to theirs. It does so by requiring you to listen to a number, letter, color, or other piece of information while looking at a set of numbers, symbols, letters, words, or other information.
    [Show full text]
  • Standard Resolution 19MB
    The e-journal of analog and digital sound. no.24 2009 NOTHING BUT ANALOG! MoMA’s New York Clearaudio, Lyra, Air Tight and More NEW Punk Exhibit Grateful Dead Book By Ben Fong-Torres STYLE: We Ride Ducati’s Newest Supermotard At Indy! Box Sets: AC/DC and Thelonius Monk Perreaux Returns to the US Bob Gendron Goes To NYC to View Punk’s Past at MoMA TONE A 1 NO.24 2 0 0 9 PUBLISHER Jeff Dorgay EDITOR Bob Golfen ART DIRECTOR Jean Dorgay r MUSIC EDITOR Ben Fong-Torres ASSISTANT Bob Gendron MUSIC EDITOR M USIC VISIONARY Terry Currier STYLE EDITOR Scott Tetzlaff C O N T R I B U T I N G Tom Caselli WRITERS Kurt Doslu Anne Farnsworth Joe Golfen Jesse Hamlin Rich Kent Ken Kessler Hood McTiernan Rick Moore Jerold O’Brien Michele Rundgren Todd Sageser Richard Simmons Jaan Uhelszki Randy Wells UBER CARTOONIST Liza Donnelly ADVERTISING Jeff Dorgay WEBSITE bloodymonster.com Cover Photo: Blondie, CBGB’s. 1977. Photograph by Godlis, Courtesy Museum of Modern Art Library tonepublications.com Editor Questions and Comments: [email protected] 800.432.4569 © 2009 Tone MAGAZIne, LLC All rights reserved. TONE A 2 NO.24 2 0 0 9 55 (on the cover) MoMA’s Punk Exhibit features Old School: 1 0 The Audio Research SP-9 By Kurt Doslu Journeyman Audiophile: 1 4 Moving Up The Cartridge Food Chain By Jeff Dorgay The Grateful Dead: 29 The Sound & The Songs By Ben Fong-Torres A BLE Home Is Where The TURNta 49 FOR Record Player Is EVERYONE By Jeff Dorgay Here Today, Gone Tomorrow: 55 MoMA’s New York Punk Exhibit By Bob Gendron Budget Gear: 89 How Much Analog Magic Can You Get for Under $100? By Jerold O’Brien by Ben Fong-Torres, published by Chronicle Books 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Richie Havens Mixed Bag Rar
    1 / 2 Richie Havens Mixed Bag Rar Hermes Birkin Bag and Vintage Scarf- Hermes handbags collection ... "Richie Havens was singing Lady Madonna and the room was a dark and hazy abyss ... .com/files/179093644/1991_-_The_Whole_Of_The_Moon__CD_Single_.rar THE ... mixed with live performances, fellow musicians, friends and impassioned fans .... ... Brooks played bass also on the Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, on the Bob Dylan album Highway 61 Revisited and on the Richie Havens album Mixed Bag.. prax - 62 - 60 - let - vzdoru - 3 - díl - Woodstock - Vojtěch - Lindaur.rar ... RICHIE HAVENS - 1967 - Mixed Bag USA Folk Rock Folkrock Woodstock s.a. USA Folk .... Aug 27, 2014 — court, receiving mixed messages from the judges, and ... Najatt Ajarar's creation, “Dad,” incorporated sandals ... free brooms, rakes, and trash bags to area residents if they ... Richie Havens, The Who, The Band,. Jimi Hendrix .... Sep 22, 2020 — A jiffy bag modern man testosterone review One is probably the fussiest shopper I know. ... Bright Princeton college student Richie (Justin Timberlake) gambles away ... over a possible government shutdown in Washington and mixed signals on U.S. ... course these kind of plant havens must be full of. Oct 31, 1975 — featuring “Mandy Raggs,” mixed ... bag as he could be The difference ... Richie Havens-Bijou Cafe ex ... part, Havens act had been sfot and.. Jun 30, 2007 — Download It Here : http://rapidshare.com/Poets_-_Scottland's_no.1.rar ... Richie Unterberger. Song Titles: MUST I ... with the original. The songs, while often strong, remain a mixed bag. ... From The Green Havens 4. Here On .... Download file Free Book PDF rar alexandr vladimir putin nemec kremle Pdf at Complete ..
    [Show full text]
  • Mixed Signals: Central Bank Independence, Coordinated Wage Bargaining, and European Monetary Union
    WISSENSCHAFTSZENTRUM BERLIN discussion paper FÜR SOZIALFORSCHUNG SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH CENTER BERLIN FS I 97 - 307 Mixed Signals: Central Bank Independence, Coordinated Wage Bargaining, and European Monetary Union Peter A. Hall Robert J. Franzese, Jr. November 1997 ISSN Nr. 1011-9523 Research Area: Forschungsschwerpunkt: Labour Market and Arbeitsmarkt und Employment Beschäftigung Research Unit: Abteilung: Economic Change and Wirtschaftswandel und Employment Beschäftigung ZITIERWEISE / CITATION Peter A. Hall Robert J. Franzese, Jr. Mixed Signals: Central Bank Independence, Coordinated Wage Bargaining, and European Monetary Union Discussion Paper FS I 97 - 307 Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung 1997 Forschungsschwerpunkt: Research Area: Arbeitsmarkt und Labour Market and Beschäftigung Employment Abteilung: Research Unit: Wirtschaftswandel und Economic Change and Beschäftigung Employment Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung Reichpietschufer 50 D-10785 Berlin Abstract Plans for European Monetary Union are based on the conventional postulate that increasing the independence of the central bank can reduce inflation without any real economic effects. However, the theoretical and empirical bases for this claim rest on models of the economy that make unrealistic information assumptions and omit institutional variables other than the central bank. When the signaling problems between the central bank and other actors in the political economy are considered, we find that the character of wage bargaining conditions the impact
    [Show full text]
  • Jeon (KR); Jang Hong Choi, Daejeon (KR): Ik Soo Eo, Daejeon (56) References Cited (KR); Hyun Kyu Yu, Daejeon (KR) U.S
    US009276800B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.276,800 B2 B00 et al. (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 1, 2016 (54) SINGLE FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER BASED (58) Field of Classification Search FDDTRANSCEIVER CPC ............................ H04L27/3836; H04L27/06 USPC ............................... 370/280, 281, 29; 455/73 (75) Inventors: Hyun Ho Boo, Incheon (KR); Seon-Ho See application file for complete search history. Han, Daejeon (KR); Jang Hong Choi, Daejeon (KR): Ik Soo Eo, Daejeon (56) References Cited (KR); Hyun Kyu Yu, Daejeon (KR) U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (73) Assignee: ELECTRONICS AND 4,061,973 A * 12/1977 Reimers et al. ................. 455/76 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 4.231,116 A * 10/1980 Sekiguchi et al. .............. 455/87 RESEARCH INSTITUTE, Daejeon 4,246,539 A * 1/1981 Haruki et al. ................... 455/76 5,465,409 A * 1 1/1995 Borras et al. ... ... 455,260 (KR) 5,475,677 A * 12/1995 Arnold et al. ... 370,280 5,648,985 A * 7/1997 Bjerede et al. ... ... 375,219 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 5,852,603 A * 12/1998 Lehtinen et al. .............. 370,280 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 517 days. (Continued) (21) Appl. No.: 13/608,677 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS KR 20040065021 A T 2004 (22) Filed: Sep. 10, 2012 WO WO 2009066866 A1 * 5, 2009 ............. HO4B 7,155 (65) Prior Publication Data OTHER PUBLICATIONS US 2013/0064148A1 Mar. 14, 2013 Michiel Steyaert et al., “TP3.3: A Single-Chip CMOS Transceiver for DCS-1800 Wireless Communications'. Digest of Technical (30) Foreign Application Priority Data Papers, Feb.
    [Show full text]
  • Parsing Mixed Signals What the Exit Polls and Election Results Signal About the Prospects for Deal-Making on the Other Side of the Fiscal Cliff ISTOCKPHOTO
    OutlookTHE AGENDA AHEAD Parsing Mixed Signals What the exit polls and election results signal about the prospects for deal-making on the other side of the fiscal cliff ISTOCKPHOTO www.cq.com | DECEMBER 10, 2012 | CQ WEEKLY 2459 46outlook-agenda-cover layout.indd 2459 12/7/2012 5:30:52 PM Outlook Obama’s Position Of Advantage Despite some mixed messages from voters, he starts his second term with the policy playing field tilted his way By DaviD Hawkings odern American history is replete with misunderstood or mismanaged re-election mandates. MRichard Nixon carried 49 states in 1972, but he was forced to resign less than two years afterward. Bill Clinton, by contrast, won his second term with less than half the popular vote, but rebounded from his own impeachment scandal to win 55 percent of the congressional roll calls he cared about during his final year in office. And after George W. Bush got 12 million more votes the sec- ond time than the first, he declared, “I have political capital, and I intend to spend it.” Yet he never got so much as a committee vote for the Social Security private accounts proposal that he labeled as his prin- cipal second-term domestic priority. Myriad tangible and not so measurable factors REACHING OUT: Boehner, at the White House to open budget talks after the election, says the results were as much a mandate for the House GOP as for the president. Obama doesn’t plan to see it that way. played into what each of those presidents focused on after they were returned to office, and how much of their second of this month — almost all the political coin the voters gave him in administration agendas ended up in the law books.
    [Show full text]
  • Music: the Quintessential American Sound
    Music: The Quintessential American Sound By Tim Smith The early years of the 21st century have yet to provide a clear-cut sense of where music in America is heading, but through the mixed signals, it's possible to draw some promising conclusions. Despite premature reports of its demise, the classical genre is still very much alive and kicking. American composers continue to create rewarding experiences for performers and listeners alike; most orchestras sound better than ever; most opera companies are enjoying increasingly sizable audiences, with particularly strong growth in the desirable 18- to-24-year-old category. Singer Norah Jones and her album "Come The pop music field -- from the cutting- Away With Me" captured eight Grammy Awards in 2003. edge to the mainstream to the retro -- is (Robert Mora, © 2002 Getty Images) still spreading its stylistic influences around a world that has never lost its appetite for the latest American sounds and stars. The Advent of Cyber Technology Technological advances continue to influence the whole spectrum of America's music in mostly positive ways. Composer Tod Machover has pioneered computer-generated "hyperinstruments" that electronically augment the properties of conventional instruments and expand a performer's options of controlling pitch, tempo, and all the other elements of music-making. Listeners are downloading not just the latest hit recordings, but also live classical concerts and opera performances via the Internet. Music organizations have been quick to add Web sites, giving regular and prospective patrons new opportunities to learn about works being performed and even to take music courses, not just buy tickets.
    [Show full text]
  • The Magnificent Interior
    The Magnificent Interior Emotion, Gender, and Household in the Life of Lorenzo de’ Medici Karen J. Burch Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Royal Holloway, University of London Department of History September 2019 1 Declaration of Authorship I, Karen Burch, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, it is clearly stated. Signed: Dated: 2 Abstract Though Lorenzo de’ Medici (1449-1492) is one of the most well- studied Florentine figures in history, previous studies have almost exclusively focused on his political life and his contributions as an art patron. Few historians have given time to his emotional life, his relationships with the members of his household, or the ways in which he understood himself as a Medici man. The neglect of this crucial facet of the human experience fails to challenge previous understandings of Lorenzo’s life. This thesis is meant to be a corrective to earlier work in Laurentian history. I approach Lorenzo’s life from a standpoint which incorporates the methodologies of emotions history, gender history, household history, and the history of sexuality. By making a close study of a variety of sources, including letters, poetry, and artwork, I will seek to create a new portrait of Lorenzo which explores his internal life. This, I believe, will give greater context to the decisions and behaviours which shaped his political and artistic career. Additionally, by exploring Lorenzo’s inner life, we will come to a deeper understanding of the ways in which masculinity, sexuality, and household relationships shaped the lives of Florentine men.
    [Show full text]
  • Mixed Signals: Rational-Choice Theories of Social Norms and the Pragmatics of Explanation
    Indiana Law Journal Volume 77 Issue 1 Article 1 Winter 2002 Mixed Signals: Rational-Choice Theories of Social Norms and the Pragmatics of Explanation W. Bradley Wendel Washington and Lee University School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj Part of the Law and Society Commons Recommended Citation Wendel, W. Bradley (2002) "Mixed Signals: Rational-Choice Theories of Social Norms and the Pragmatics of Explanation," Indiana Law Journal: Vol. 77 : Iss. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj/vol77/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School Journals at Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Indiana Law Journal by an authorized editor of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Mixed Signals: Rational-Choice Theories of Social Norms and the Pragmatics of Explanation W. BRADLEY WENDEL! TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ............................................... 2 II. THE "PROBLEM" OF SOCIALNORMS ............................... 8 III. "To SEEM RATHER THAN To BE": RATIONAL-CHOICE MODELS OF SOCIAL NORMS ..................... 12 A. Eclecticism- Elster ....................................... 12 B. Sanctioning-McAdams .................................. 14 C. Signaling-Posner ....................................... 19 IV. "THE CROOKED TIMBER OF HUMANITY": INTERNAL CRITIQUES ......................................... 26 A. The Normativity of Norms
    [Show full text]
  • Selected Papers from the International Mixed Signals Testing and Ghz/Gbps Test Workshop
    VLSI Design Selected Papers from the International Mixed Signals Testing and GHz/Gbps Test Workshop Guest Editors: Bozena Kaminska, Marcelo Lubaszewski, and José Machado da Silva Selected Papers from the International Mixed Signals Testing and GHz/Gbps Test Workshop VLSI Design Selected Papers from the International Mixed Signals Testing and GHz/Gbps Test Workshop Guest Editors: Bozena Kaminska, Marcelo Lubaszewski, and Jose´ Machado da Silva Copyright © 2008 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in volume 2008 of “VLSI Design.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editor-in-Chief Saeid Nooshabadi, University of New South Wales, Australia Associate Editors Mohab H. Anis, Canada Wolfgang Kunz, Germany Matteo Sonza Reorda, Italy Soo-Ik Chae, Korea Wieslaw Kuzmicz, Poland Yvon Savaria, Canada Kiyoung Choi, Korea Chang-Ho Lee, USA Peter Schwarz, Germany Ayman Fayed, USA Marcelo Lubaszewski, Brazil Jose Silva-Martinez, USA Pascal Fouillat, France Pol Marchal, Belgium Luis Miguel Silveira, Portugal Amit Kumar Gupta, Australia Mohamed Masmoudi, Tunisia Sheldon Tan, USA David Hernandez, USA A. Mondragon-Torres, USA Rached Tourki, Tunisia Xian-Long Hong, China Maurizio Palesi, Italy Spyros Tragoudas, USA Masaharu Imai, Japan Rubin A. Parekhji, India Alberto Valdes-Garcia, USA Yong-Bin Kim, USA Zebo Peng, Sweden Chua-Chin Wang, Taiwan Israel Koren, USA Adam Postula, Australia Sungjoo Yoo, Korea David S. Kung, USA Michel Renovell, France Avi Ziv, Israel Contents Selected Papers from the International Mixed Signals Testing and GHz/Gbps Test Workshop, Bozena Kaminska, Marcelo Lubaszewski, and Jose´ Machado da Silva Volume 2008, Article ID 165673, 2 pages ADC Production Test Technique Using Low-Resolution Arbitrary Waveform Generator, V.
    [Show full text]