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Authoritarianism and Political Party Reforms in Pakistan
AUTHORITARIANISM AND POLITICAL PARTY REFORM IN PAKISTAN Asia Report N°102 – 28 September 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. PARTIES BEFORE MUSHARRAF............................................................................. 2 A. AFTER INDEPENDENCE..........................................................................................................2 B. THE FIRST MILITARY GOVERNMENT.....................................................................................3 C. CIVILIAN RULE AND MILITARY INTERVENTION.....................................................................4 D. DISTORTED DEMOCRACY......................................................................................................5 III. POLITICAL PARTIES UNDER MUSHARRAF ...................................................... 6 A. CIVILIAN ALLIES...................................................................................................................6 B. MANIPULATING SEATS..........................................................................................................7 C. SETTING THE STAGE .............................................................................................................8 IV. A PARTY OVERVIEW ............................................................................................... 11 A. THE MAINSTREAM:.............................................................................................................11 -
Pakistan- Party System
SUBJECT: POLITICAL SCIENCE VI COURSE: BA LLB SEMESTER V (NON-CBCS) TEACHER: MS. DEEPIKA GAHATRAJ MODULE II, PAKISTAN PARTY SYSTEM (i). The Awami National Party (ANP) is a left-wing, secular, Pashtun nationalist party, drawing its strength mainly from the Pashtun-majority areas of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province. It is also active the urban areas of Sindh province and elsewhere. The party was officially formed in 1986 as a conglomeration of several left-leaning parties, but had existed in some form as far back as 1965, when Khan Abdul Wali Khan split from the existing National Awami Party. Khan was following in the political footsteps of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (Bacha Khan, popular known as the “Frontier Gandhi”), one of the most prominent nonviolent pro- independence figures under the British Raj. Today, the party is led by Asfandyar Wali Khan, Abdul Wali Khan's son. At the national level, the ANP has traditionally stood with the PPP, the only other major secular party operating across the country. 2008 was no different, and the ANP was one of the PPP's most stalwart allies in the previous government, with its 13 seats in the National Assembly backing the coalition throughout its five-year term in office. In the 2013 polls, however, the ANP will have to contend with high anti-incumbent sentiment in its stronghold of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, as a result of a lack of economic development and a deteriorating security situation. The ANP itself has borne the brunt of political violence in the province, with more than 750 ANP workers, activists and leaders killed by the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan in the last several years, according to the party's information secretary, Zahid Khan. -
A Political Biography of King Amanullah Khan
A POLITICAL BIOGRAPHY OF KING AMANULLAH KHAN DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF iJlajSttr of ^Ijiloioplip IN 3 *Kr HISTORY • I. BY MD. WASEEM RAJA UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF DR. R. K. TRIVEDI READER CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDU) 1996 J :^ ... \ . fiCC i^'-'-. DS3004 CENTRE OF ADVANCED STUDY r.u Ko„ „ S External ; 40 0 146 I Internal : 3 4 1 DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSTTY M.IGARH—202 002 fU.P.). INDIA 15 October, 1996 This is to certify that the dissertation on "A Political Biography of King Amanullah Khan", submitted by Mr. Waseem Raja is the original work of the candidate and is suitable for submission for the award of M.Phil, degree. 1 /• <^:. C^\ VVv K' DR. Rij KUMAR TRIVEDI Supervisor. DEDICATED TO MY DEAREST MOTHER CONTENTS CHAPTERS PAGE NO. Acknowledgement i - iii Introduction iv - viii I THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE 1-11 II HISTORICAL ANTECEDANTS 12 - 27 III AMANULLAH : EARLY DAYS AND FACTORS INFLUENCING HIS PERSONALITY 28-43 IV AMIR AMANULLAH'S ASSUMING OF POWER AND THE THIRD ANGLO-AFGHAN WAR 44-56 V AMIR AMANULLAH'S REFORM MOVEMENT : EVOLUTION AND CAUSES OF ITS FAILURES 57-76 VI THE KHOST REBELLION OF MARCH 1924 77 - 85 VII AMANULLAH'S GRAND TOUR 86 - 98 VIII THE LAST DAYS : REBELLION AND OUSTER OF AMANULLAH 99 - 118 IX GEOPOLITICS AND DIPLCMIATIC TIES OF AFGHANISTAN WITH THE GREAT BRITAIN, RUSSIA AND GERMANY A) Russio-Afghan Relations during Amanullah's Reign 119 - 129 B) Anglo-Afghan Relations during Amir Amanullah's Reign 130 - 143 C) Response to German interest in Afghanistan 144 - 151 AN ASSESSMENT 152 - 154 BIBLIOGRAPHY 155 - 174 APPENDICES 175 - 185 **** ** ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The successful completion of a work like this it is often difficult to ignore the valuable suggestions, advice and worthy guidance of teachers and scholars. -
Biographies of Main Political Leaders of Pakistan
Biographies of main political leaders of Pakistan INCUMBENT POLITICAL LEADERS ASIF ALI ZARDARI President of Pakistan since 2008 Asif Ali Zardari is the eleventh and current President of Pa- kistan. He is the Co-Chairman of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), a role he took on following the demise of his wife, Benazir Bhutto. Zardari rose to prominence in 1987 after his marriage to Benazir Bhutto, holding cabinet positions in both the 1990s PPP governments, and quickly acquired a reputation for corrupt practices. He was arrested in 1996 after the dismissal of the second government of Bena- zir Bhutto, and remained incarcerated for eight years on various charges of corruption. Released in 2004 amid ru- mours of reconciliation between Pervez Musharraf and the PPP, Zardari went into self-imposed exile in Dubai. He re- turned in December 2007 following Bhutto’s assassination. In 2008, as Co-Chairman of PPP he led his party to victory in the general elections. He was elected as President on September 6, 2008, following the resignation of Pervez Musharraf. His early years in power were characterised by widespread unrest due to his perceived reluctance to reinstate the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (who had been dismissed during the Musharraf imposed emergency of 2007). However, he has also overseen the passage of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution which effectively www.presidentofpakistan.gov.pk reduced presidential powers to that of a ceremonial figure- Asif Ali Zardari, President head. He remains, however, a highly controversial figure and continues to be dogged by allegations of corruption. Mohmmad government as Minister of Housing and Public Works. -
The Nexus of Religious Extremism and Pakhtun Culture: Myths and Realities
TAKATOO Issue 4 Volume 7 July- December 2015 14 The Nexus of Religious Extremism and Pakhtun Culture: Myths and Realities Dr.Abdul Qadir Khan * Z Dr. Adil Zaman Kasi Y Syed Amir Shah Abstract : After the end of cold war, the ascendency of Taliban in Afghanistan, the rise of religious extremism in frontier regions of Pakistan and Pashtun nationalism has become one of the hotly debated issues. The Pashtun identity, its historical evolution and relationship with religion can be depicted from a statement of Khan Abdul Wali Khan which he gave during 1980s that whether he was a Pashtun first, a Pakistani or a muslim. His famous reply was that he had been a Pashtun for last three thousand years, a muslim for thirteen hundred years and a Pakistani for only twenty five years. This statement shows a complicated nature of Pashtun nationalism especially in wake of post 9/11 world, in which a rise of Taliban phenomenon has overshadowed many of its original foundations. Many scholars in the west and from within the country attribute the rise of talibanization in Pashtun society to the culture of pashtuns. To them, Pashtun culture has many aspects that help promote radical ideas. For examplethe overwhelming majority of Pashtun population adheres to deobandi school of thought unlike in Punjab which follows brelvi school of thought. Similarly, the rise of talibanization is also cited as an evidence for their claim that Pashtun culture is very conducive for promotion of radical ideas. Thus, these scholars draw close relationship between Pashtun nationalism and talibanization and make them appear as two faces of same coin. -
Baloch Resistance During Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's Era: Causes and Consequences
South Asian Studies A Research Journal of South Asian Studies Vol. 29, No. 1, January – July 2014, pp. 321-331 Baloch Resistance during Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's Era: Causes and Consequences Gulshan Majeed University of the Punjab. Lahore. Rehana Saeed Hashmi University of the Punjab. Lahore. Abstract Rising insurgency in Balochistan is one of the most serious threats to the federation of Pakistan. The Baloch tribal homeland is a vast area of desert and mountains. Geographically the province of Balochistan is considered the largest province of Pakistan while demographically it is smallest. Balochistan is the most underdeveloped province of Pakistan and this under-development reveals the alarming situation .Since 1947 Baloch have been facing different forms of deprivations and this sense of deprivation amongst Baloch has become one of the major reasons to give birth a number of uprisings against the federal government. Political arrangements under long military rules added doubts in the minds of Baloch people who had a scant representation in military and civil services of Pakistan. This situation has become a major source to strengthen sense of nationalism among the people of Balochistan. This study will highlight various causes of third Baloch insurgency during Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's era and its impacts on Pakistan. Key Words Insurgency, Nationalism, Deprivation, Coercive Means, Confidence building measures. Introduction In a federation powers are distributed among federal government and federating units according to the constitution. Bothe federal and provincial governments perform their functions within their prescribed limitations. A federal system can be more successful and stable when there is smooth functioning of federal government and federating units. -
Resettlement Plan: Torkham
Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Regional Improving Border Services Project (RRP PAK 46378) Resettlement Plan May 2015 PAK: Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Regional Improving Border Services Project —Torkham Border Prepared by the Federal Board of Revenue, Government of Pakistan for the Asian Development Bank. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................................... i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................... iv SECTION 1: PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................. 1 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................................................ 2 1.3 NEED FOR LARP ....................................................................................................................................... 5 1.4 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED ......................................................................................... 5 1.5 SCREENING OF IMPACT SIGNIFICANCE................................................................................................. 6 1.6 PHYSICAL DISPLACEMENT ..................................................................................................................... -
Mulla Marwat; Life and Career in the Politics of British N.W.F.P
Muhammad Tariq* Mulla Marwat; Life And Career In The Politics Of British N.W.F.P. Abstract The religio-political progress in the British North West Frontier Province (NWFP now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) is influenced by two types of scholars. In the first category there were scholars who were traditionalists and on the other side those thinkers who revolutionized the society and responded in the tendency of time. The society confronted with these two types of scholars/ulama in socio and religio-spheres. Mulla Marwat(1879-1940) is one of the very important and prominent figure in the province who played an active some time dubbed as controversial role in the Socio-political cross-currents in the NWFP. He remained active mobiliser of JUH/S and Khaksars in the first half of the twentieth century. He associated to JUH/S as well as a devoted leader of Khaksar movement in the 1940s. His life representing both sides and he was labeled as close to British during world war ll. This paper deals with the career, services and contributions of Mulla Marwat as well as touching some of the controversial issues surrounded his personality. The N.W.F.P. history molded by different kinds of Ulama who played a role according to their own perception as sometimes pro and sometimes anti-British. Mulla Marwat was among those who were considered to have played a part in linking Jmiat ul Ulama Sarhad to the British Indian administration. The work is based on the Political and Secret files of British Library London, Cunningham Diaries, India Office Record of the British Library, Peshawar archives, personal collections of Ulama and interviews of the learned people and followers of Mulla Marwat. -
Trial of Pakistani Christian Nation”
1 1 2 Compliments With love and thanks to my Mother who believed in human liberty and peace 2 3 Dedicated To Martyr Feroz Masih and all Christian martyrs who sacrificed their precious lives for rights of oppressed Christian nation in Pakistan. 3 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My true appreciation for all Christian leaders who raised slogan of “TAKISTAN” or “CHRISTLAND” for Pakistani Christian nation through any medium with peaceful movement Copyrights@ 2008 by Nazir S Bhatti, author of "Trial of PakistaniChristian Nation". All rights reserved. No reproduction or publication without permission of author. 4 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION……………………………………………...7 Part 1 FACTS 1. The Roots of Christian Nation…………………………….11 2. The Church and State……………………………………..15 3. The Christians Population………………………………...23 4. The Two-Nation Theory…………………………………...29 5. The Christians and their involvement in the genesis of Pakistan…………………………………………...42 6. The Creation of Pakistan and Israel……………………..49 7. The Christian representation and Constitutional History of Pakistan………………………………………………………..60 8. The Separate Electorate and Formation of Pakistan………………………………………………………..70 9. The Christians are second-class citizens in Islamic Republic of Pakistan………………………………………….81 10. The Constitution of Pakistan…………………………….89 PART 11 MOVEMENTS 11. The Blasphemy Laws…………………………………96 12. My Lawsuit against Blasphemy Laws………………..102 13. Our Christian Martyrs……………………………….. 119 14. Leaders of Pakistan Christian Congress……………..122 15. The Christian Political Parties…………………………127 16. May 13, 1997 and Shanti Nagar………………………137 17. My Lawsuit in Lahore High Courts about Shanti Nagar…………………………………………………………143 5 6 18. Pakistani Christian Leaders in Western Countries……………………………………………………..156 19. My speeches in International Conferences and UN…………………………………………………………….159 20. The Pakistan Secret Services and Me……………….163 21. -
The Dawn of New Era in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Abdul Qaiyum Khan Chief Ministership 1947-53
THE DAWN OF NEW ERA IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA: ABDUL QAIYUM KHAN CHIEF MINISTERSHIP 1947-53 SYED MINHAJ UL HASSAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE, QUAID-I-AZAM UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD - 2015 THE DAWN OF NEW ERA IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA: ABDUL QAIYUM KHAN CHIEF MINISTERSHIP 1947-53 NIHCR Publication No.170 Copyright 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication can be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing from the Director, National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research, Centre of Excellence, Quaid-i-Azam University. Enquiries concerning reproduction should be sent to NIHCR at the address below: National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research Centre of Excellence, New Campus, Quaid-i-Azam University P.O. Box 1230, Islamabad-44000. Email: [email protected] or [email protected] Website: www.nihcr.edu.pk Published by Muhammad Munir Khawar, Publication Officer Printed at M/s. Roohani Art Press, Blue Area, Islamabad. Price Pak: Rs.600/- SAARC Countries: Rs.800/- ISBN: 978-969-415-111-3 US$ 15/- Dedicated to My Parents, Wife and Children Aitezaz, Sania, and Ahmad LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN ENDNOTES FGGEO: N-W.F.P. Governor-General Extra Ordinary GOPG: Government of Pakistan Gazette LAD: N-W.F.P. Legislative Assembly Debates, Peshawar NA: National Archives Islamabad NDC: National Documentation Centre, Islamabad PA: North-West Frontier Province Archives, Peshawar PAGG: N-W.F.P. Archives, Government Gazette PGG: N-W.F.P. Government Gazette PGGED: N-W.F.P. -
Gulawar KHAN 2014.Pdf
WestminsterResearch http://www.westminster.ac.uk/research/westminsterresearch Politics of nationalism, federalism, and separatism: The case of Balochistan in Pakistan Gulawar Khan Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities This is an electronic version of a PhD thesis awarded by the University of Westminster. © The Author, 2014. This is an exact reproduction of the paper copy held by the University of Westminster library. The WestminsterResearch online digital archive at the University of Westminster aims to make the research output of the University available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the authors and/or copyright owners. Users are permitted to download and/or print one copy for non-commercial private study or research. Further distribution and any use of material from within this archive for profit-making enterprises or for commercial gain is strictly forbidden. Whilst further distribution of specific materials from within this archive is forbidden, you may freely distribute the URL of WestminsterResearch: (http://westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk/). In case of abuse or copyright appearing without permission e-mail [email protected] POLITICS OF NATIONALISM, FEDERALISM, AND SEPARATISM: THE CASE OF BALOCHISTAN IN PAKISTAN GULAWAR KHAN A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Westminster for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2014 Author’s declaration This thesis is carried out as per the guidelines and regulations of the University of Westminster. I hereby declare that the materials contained in this thesis have not been previously submitted for a degree in any other university, including the University of Westminster. -
The People of Khyber and the Partition of India
Controversies Regarding the Accession of Tribal Areas to Pakistan: A Case Study of Khyber Agency Javed Iqbal∗ Abstract The partition of Indo-Pak Subcontinent in 1947 was surrounded by many controversies, some of which preceded the partition while others were the product of partition itself. One such controversy was about the accession of the tribal areas of the North West Frontier Province to Pakistan. It initially started between India and Pakistan but in the course of time the players changed and it ended up being a dispute between Afghanistan and Pakistan. Introduction The Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan or FATA consists of seven contiguous Agencies out of which four were created during the British rule while three were carved out of them after the birth of Pakistan. These seven Agencies include Bajaur, Khyber, Kurram, Mohmand, Orakzai, North Waziristan, and South Waziristan. Apart from these seven Political Agencies, there are also five tribal areas attached to settled districts and known as “Frontier Regions” of Peshawar, Kohat, Bannu, Tank and Dera Ismail Khan. The Tribal Agencies in FATA stretch from North to South on the Durand Line and all have a common and contiguous border with Afghanistan, except the Orakzai Agency. The question of the accession of these tribal areas ∗ Assistant Professor, Department of History, University of Peshawar. 92 Pakistan Journal of History and Culture, Vol. XXXIII, No. 2 (2012) to Pakistan at the time of partition of Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent in 1947 is important in two respects: in respect of the legitimacy of Pakistani authority in the eyes of the tribesmen; and in respect of the claims of Afghanistan’s Government over certain territories to the East of the Durand Line, the boundary between Afghanistan and British India inherited by the independent state of Pakistan as international boundary between Pakistan and Afghanistan.