Chrysoperla Extern a (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): Life History and Potential for Biological Control in Central and South America

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Chrysoperla Extern a (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): Life History and Potential for Biological Control in Central and South America BIOLOGICAL CONTROL 4,8-13 (1994) Chrysoperla extern a (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): Life History and Potential for Biological Control in Central and South America GILBERTO S. ALBUQUERQUE, CATHERINE A. TAUBER, AND MAURICE J. TAUBER Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornel/University, Ithaca, New York 14853-0901 Received February 22, 1993; accepted August 9, 1993 Lizarraga, 1988) reflect the growing interest in this spe­ The predacious insect Chrysoperia externa (Hagen) cies, especially in Central and South America. has a number of traits that make it amenable to mass­ Every stage of biological control-from choosing an rearing and use as a biological control agent. Develop­ appropriate natural enemy, to its rearing, release, and mental and reproductive rates were relatively high and evaluation-requires prior knowledge of specific life his­ directly related to temperature between 15.6 and tory and behavioral traits. This holds true for both na­ 26. 7°C. Survival also was high throughout this tempera­ tive and exotic natural enemies. With this in mind, we ture range. Lower thermal thresholds for development examined facets of the life history of C. externa that are (t) of all immature stages fell between 11 and 12.5°C, directly relevant for developing mass-rearing tech­ and the K value for total development was 320 heat de­ niques and for predicting development and activity in gree-days above 11.8°C. At 21.1°C, oviposition aver­ the field. Our study investigated the influence oftemper­ aged 284 eggs during the first 30 days. Variability in ature and photoperiod on developmental time and sur­ diapause induction occurred within and among popula­ vival of C. externa; we also initiated studies on its repro­ tions: a proportion of the Chilean and the Brazilian pop­ ductive rate and diapause induction. Furthermore, to ulations went into diapause under a short daylength , evaluate C. externa's potential as a biological control whereas no diapause occurred in the Honduran popula­ agent, we compared its life history traits with those of a tion. Chrysoperia externa appears well suited as a bio­ commercially produced and widely used species, Chry­ logical control agent for use in pest management pro­ grams in tropical and temperate regions of Central and soperla carnea (Stephens). South America. 'c, 1994 Academic Press, Inc. MATERIALS AND METHODS KEY WORDS: Chrysoperla externa; developmental time; survival; photoperiod; temperature; diapause; bio­ Rearing Methods logical control. All tests began with first-generation offspring of field-collected adults, unless otherwise mentioned. These adults came from three localities: Copan, Hon­ INTRODUCTION duras (14°52'N), Brasilia, DF, Brazil (15°45'S), and Ar­ ica, Tarapaca, Chile (18°30'S). Larvae were reared indi­ Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (C. lanata) is a widely vidually in vials. Each larva had a constant surplus of distributed predator that commonly occurs in open Angoumois grain moth [Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier)] grassland habitats from the southeastern United States eggs and green peach aphids [Myzus persicae (Sulzer)]. and the Antilles to southern South America (Adams, After emergence, adults were paired in cages and pro­ 1963,1983; Tauber, 1974; Agnew et ai., 1981; Adams and vided with distilled water, a protein-carbohydrate food Penny, 1985). Its broad distribution and habitat prefer­ mixture (1:1:1:1 volumetric mixture ofWheast®, protein ence make it suitable for increased use in biological con­ hydrolysate of yeast, sugar, and honey), and cabbage trol in many countries and in a variety of cropping sys­ leaves infested with green peach aphids that produced tems, such as field and row crops and citrus orchards honeydew. To maintain high humidity inside the cages, (Olazo, 1987; Tauber and Tauber, unpublished). Recent their organdy tops were covered with a moistened cot­ studies of its life cycle and tolerance to insecticides (Ru ton pad and a plastic lid. et at., 1975; de Crouzel and Botto, 1977; Nunez, 1988; Thermal Influence on Development, Reproduction, and Ribeiro et al., 1988; Passaro et al., 1993) and progress in Survival the development of artificial diets and adult food supple­ We examined responses of C. externa to temperature ments (Botto and de Crouzel, 1979; Canedo and in a population from Honduras. On the day of oviposi- 8 1049-9644/94 $6,00 Copyright © 1994 by Academic Press, Inc. All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. LIFE HISTORY OF Chrysoperla externa 9 tion, eggs were transferred to individual vials and dis~ for fertility, i.e., number of females that laid fertile eggs tributed among five temperature conditions (15.6, 18.3, (within a period of 30 days). 21.1, 23.9, and 26.7°C), all at ±1 "C and LD 16:8. The tests began with 25 eggs/temperature condition. Daily RESULTS observations were made on the development of each im~ mature life stage, adult emergence, and reproduction. Thermal Influence on Development, Reproduction, and We refer to the prepupal stage as the period from the Survival spinning of the cocoon to the larval-pupal ecdysis, and The developmental time of all immature stages of C. the pupal stage as the period from the larval-pupal ec­ externa decreased with an increase in temperature (Ta­ dysis to the adult emergence. The preoviposition period ble 1). Total developmental time ranged from =22 days was recorded and the oviposition rate was noted daily at 26.7°C to =83 days at 15.6°C. Between 15.6 and for the first 10 days of oviposition. In addition, eggs 26.7°C, the rate of development (l/developmental time) from seven pairs of C. externa from our Honduran popu­ of each life stage, the total development, and the preovi­ lation were counted daily during the first 30 days after position period had a linear relationship with tempera­ emergence to obtain an estimate of fecundity at 21.1 "C ture (see Tables 1 and 2). No mortality occurred in the (LD 16:8). immature stages at any temperature. At the beginning The influence of temperature on C. externa's develop­ of reproduction, the oviposition rate also was directly ment was expressed by regressing the reciprocals of the related to temperature (between 18.3 and 26.7°C), and number of days for development (rates of development) most of the eggs were fertile. At 15.6°C, the oviposition of the various stages against temperature and calculat­ rate was low, and the eggs were infertile and mostly ing the regression coefficients. Linear regression lines unstalked (Table 2). At all temperature conditions, were generated with the least-squares method. A 0.01 adults cannibalized their eggs. level of significance was used in all regression tests for The theoretical threshold for development (t) for all linearity. We calculated t and K values for each stage, life stages of C. externa, including total development, for total development (oviposition to adult emergence), fell between 11 and 12.5°C (Table 1). However, the and for the preoviposition period. The lower thermal preoviposition period had a lower t value (=9°C) (Table threshold, t, was estimated by extrapolating the regres­ 2), falling below the low range obtained for other life sion lines through the x axis (temperature). The ther­ stages, The thermal requirements (K) for total develop­ mal constant, K, was derived by the equation K = (11 ment (oviposition to adult emergence) and preoviposi­ y)(x - t), where y mean developmental rate, and x tion period were 320.1 heat degree-days above 11.8°C temperature (OC). (Table 1) and 123.5 heat degree-days above 9.4°C (Ta­ ble 2), respectively. Diapause Induction Over the first 30 days of an adult female's life, ovipo­ sition at 21.1°C averaged 284.1 ± 8.7 eggs (range 251 to We attempted to induce diapause in C. externa by ex­ 310). There was no oviposition during the first 10 days. posing individuals from three widespread localities to a Subsequently the daily rate of oviposition increased rap­ variety of photoperiodic and thermal conditions, as fol­ idly, and it stabilized at about 16 eggs/day until the 30th lows: day, at which time the studies ended (Fig. 1). (a) Copan, Honduras (second-generation offspring Diapause Induction of field-collected adults )-six combinations of two pho­ toperiods (LD 10:14 and LD 14:10) and three tempera­ Photoperiod influenced the incidence of reproductive ture conditions (constant 21.1 "C, 21.1 °C during the day diapause in the Chilean population; the percentage of and 18.3°C during the night, and a decrease from 21.1 °C oviposition was inversely related to daylength (Table 3). to 18.3°C at the pupal stage). Fertility was not evaluated in this population but the (b) Brasilia, Brazil-two regimens: short-day (LD eggs were stalked-an indication that they were fertile. 10:14) with 21.1 °C during the day and 18.3°C during the In contrast, the populations from Honduras and Brazil night and a long-day (LD 16:8) with a constant 23.9°C. that we studied showed a high percentage of oviposition (e) Arica, Chile-five constant daylengths ranging without diapause under all photoperiodic and tempera­ from LD 10:14 to 14:10, all at 23.9°C. ture conditions. Nevertheless, under a short daylength, symptoms of diapause occurred in three females and In all tests, adults were paired immediately after three males from Brazil. These adults developed the emergence and provided with distilled water and the plump, waxy appearance that is typical of diapause in protein-carbohydrate diet; sibling pairings were Chrysoperla, and oviposition was delayed for 51 to 63 avoided. Cages were checked daily for oviposition and, days postemergence. Fertility in these two populations except for the population from Chile, we also checked varied with the rearing conditions: relatively high fertil- 10 ALBUQUERQUE, TAUBER, AND TAUBER TABLE 1 Stage-Specific Thermal Requirements for Development of C.
Recommended publications
  • Effect of Different Host Plants of Normal Wheat Aphid (Sitobion Avenae) on the Feeding and Longevity of Green Lacewing (Chrysoperla Carnea)
    2011 International Conference on Asia Agriculture and Animal IPCBEE vol.13 (2011) © (2011)IACSIT Press, Singapoore Effect of different host plants of normal wheat aphid (Sitobion avenae) on the feeding and longevity of green lacewing (Chrysoperla carnea) Shahram Hesami 1, Sara Farahi 1 and Mehdi Gheibi 1 1 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Sciences, Shiraz branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran Abstract. The role of two different hosts of normal wheat aphid (Sitobion avenae) on feeding and longevity of larvae of green lacewing (Chrysoperla carnea), were conducted in laboratory conditions (50 ± 1 ˚C 70 ± 5 % RH and photoperiod of L16: D8). In this study wheat aphid had fed on wheat (main host) and oleander (compulsory host) for twenty days. For the experiments we used 3rd and 4th instars of aphids and 2nd instar larvae of green lacewing. The results were compared by each other and oleander aphid (Aphis nerii). Significant effects of host plant and aphid species on feeding rate and longevity of green lacewing were observed. The average feeding rate of 2nd instar larvae of C. carnea on wheat aphid fed on wheat, oleander aphid and wheat aphid fed on oleander were 40.3, 19.5, 30.6 aphids respectively. Also the longevity of 2nd instar larvae of green lacewing which fed on different aphids was recorded as 3.7, 7.8 and 6 days respectively. The results showed that biological characteristics of larvae of C. carnea are influenced by the quality of food which they fed on. Keywords: host plant effect, Biological control, Chrysoperla carnea, Sitobion avenae, Aphis nerri 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Heteroptera: Miridae) and a Green Lacewing Chrysoperla Rufilabris (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), Two Predators of the Azalea Lace Bug (Heteroptera: Tingidae)
    BIOLOGICAL CONTROL Functional Response of the Azalea Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae) and a Green Lacewing Chrysoperla rufilabris (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), Two Predators of the Azalea Lace Bug (Heteroptera: Tingidae) 1 2 COLIN D. STEWART, S. KRISTINE BRAMAN, AND ANDREW F. PENDLEY University of Georgia Department of Entomology, 1109Experiment Street, GrifÞn, GA 30223Ð1797 Environ. Entomol. 31(6): 1184Ð1190 (2002) ABSTRACT Azalea plant bug (Rhinocapsus vanduzeei Uhler) Þfth instars and a commercially obtained green lacewing (Chrysoperla rufilabris Burmeister) Þrst and second instars exhibited a type II functional response when caged with varying densities of fourth or Þfth instar azalea lace bug, Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott), prey. Attack coefÞcients for combined fourth and Þfth instar prey were statistically similar for R. vanduzeei and C. rufilabris (0.052 and 0.057, respectively). The handling time was signiÞcantly greater for R. vanduzeei (3.96 h) than C. rufilabris (2.41 h). Search efÞciency generally declined for both predators as initial azalea lace bug density increased. C. rufilabris killed signiÞcantly more fourth and Þfth instar prey than R. vanduzeei (8.0 and 6.0, respectively) in 24 h. Results indicate that C. rufilabris is a more suitable candidate for augmentative, not inoculative, release for azalea lace bug control than R. vanduzeei. However, R. vanduzeei can effect reductions in azalea lace bug populations in the landscape as a component of the guild of lace bugÕs natural enemies and should be considered in conservation efforts. KEY WORDS Augmentative release, Chrysoperla rufilabris, functional response, Stephanitis pyri- oides, Rhinocapsus vanduzeei, urban landscape AZALEAS ARE ONE of the most common landscape shrubs Uhler (Braman and Beshear 1994), and Stethoconus in the eastern United States.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Green Lacewings from the Late Eocene Baltic Amber
    The first green lacewings from the late Eocene Baltic amber VLADIMIR N. MAKARKIN, SONJA WEDMANN, and THOMAS WEITERSCHAN Makarkin, V.N., Wedmann, S., and Weiterschan, T. 2018. The first green lacewings from the late Eocene Baltic amber. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 63 (3): 527–537. Pseudosencera baltica gen. et sp. nov. of Chrysopinae (Chrysopidae, Neuroptera) is described from Baltic amber. Additionally, another species, Nothochrysa? sp. (Nothochrysinae), is left in the open nomenclature. Pseudosencera bal- tica gen. et sp. nov. represents the oldest confident record of Chrysopinae. The new genus lacks the apparent forewing intramedian cell, and possesses three character states not found in other Chrysopinae: the simple AA1, the short basal crossvein between M and Cu, and 5‒6 rings of setae on the antennal flagellomeres. This genus is probably a special- ised form in a basal branch of Chrysopinae, that could not be attributed to any of the known tribes. The specimen of Nothochrysa? sp. consists only of fragments of the forewings. The late Eocene Baltic amber represents the oldest horizon where Chrysopinae and Nothochrysinae are found to coexist. It is highly likely that Chrysopidae were extremely rare in these forests. Key words: Neuroptera, Chrysopinae, Nothochrysinae, Cenozoic, Baltic amber. Vladimir N. Makarkin [[email protected]], Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. Sonja Wedmann [[email protected]], Senckenberg Forschungsstation Grube Messel, Markstrasse 35, D-64409 Messel, Germany. Thomas Weiterschan [[email protected]], Forsteler Strasse 1, 64739 Höchst Odw., Germany. Received 16 May 2018, accepted 5 July 2018, available online 23 July 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
    Zootaxa 3351: 1–14 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) A new genus of Neotropical Chrysopini (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) FRANCISCO SOSA1 & SERGIO DE FREITAS2 1 Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado”, Museo Entomológico “Dr. José Manuel Osorio” (UCOB), Barquisimeto, Lara, . E-mail: [email protected] 2 Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil (deceased) Abstract Titanochrysa Sosa & Freitas is a new genus of Neotropical Chrysopini (Chrysopidae: Chrysopinae) recorded from Costa Rica, Venezuela and Brazil. Titanochrysa gen. nov. shares several external and genitalic characters with Ceraeochrysa Adams, 1982; Chrysopodes Navás, 1913; Cryptochrysa Freitas & Penny, 2000; Parachrysopiella Brooks & Barnard, 1990 and Ungla Navás 1914. It may be distinguished from those genera by its very long sternite 8+9, sternites 2–8 usually with microtholi, male geni- talia with the dorsal surface of the arcessus striated, gonosaccus well-developed, bearing elongate gonosetae and microsetae, and a spoon-like gonapsis. Herein, Titanochrysa circumfusa (Burmeister, 1939) [= Chrysopodes circumfusa (Burmeister)] comb. nov. and Titanochrysa pseudovaricosa (Penny) [= Ceraeochrysa pseudovaricosa Penny, 1998] comb. nov. were identi- fied; Titanochrysa ferreirai Sosa & Freitas sp. nov. and Titanochrysa trespuntensis Sosa & Freitas sp. nov. were described. The external morphology, and male and female genitalia of all these species
    [Show full text]
  • Identified Difficulties and Conditions for Field Success of Biocontrol
    Identified difficulties and conditions for field success of biocontrol. 4. Socio-economic aspects: market analysis and outlook Bernard Blum, Philippe C. Nicot, Jürgen Köhl, Michelina Ruocco To cite this version: Bernard Blum, Philippe C. Nicot, Jürgen Köhl, Michelina Ruocco. Identified difficulties and conditions for field success of biocontrol. 4. Socio-economic aspects: market analysis and outlook. Classical and augmentative biological control against diseases and pests: critical status analysis and review of factors influencing their success, IOBC - International Organisation for Biological and Integrated Controlof Noxious Animals and Plants, 2011, 978-92-9067-243-2. hal-02809583 HAL Id: hal-02809583 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02809583 Submitted on 6 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. WPRS International Organisation for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious IOBC Animals and Plants: West Palaearctic Regional Section SROP Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique et Integrée contre les Animaux et les OILB Plantes Nuisibles:
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.First Record of Chrysoperla Asoralis and C. Argentina
    Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina ISSN: 0373-5680 [email protected] Sociedad Entomológica Argentina Argentina HARAMBOURE, Marina; REGUILÓN, Carmen; ALZOGARAY, Raúl A.; SCHNEIDER, Marcela Inés First record of Chrysoperla asoralis and C. argentina (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in horticultural fields of La Plata associated with the sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, vol. 73, núm. 3-4, diciembre, 2014, pp. 187-190 Sociedad Entomológica Argentina Buenos Aires, Argentina Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=322032818013 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Nota Científica Scientific Note ISSN 0373-5680 (impresa), ISSN 1851-7471 (en línea) Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina 73 (3-4): 187-190, 2014 First record of Chrysoperla asoralis and C. argentina (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in horticultural fields of La Plata associated with the sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) HARAMBOURE, Marina¹, Carmen REGUILÓN², Raúl A. ALZOGARAY³, 4 & Marcela Inés SCHNEIDER¹, 5 ¹ Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología: Plaguicidas y Control Biológico. Centro de Estudios Parasito- lógicos y de Vectores [CEPAVE (CONICET LA PLATA-UNLP)], Bv. 120 s/n e/61 y 62, La Plata CP 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail: [email protected] ² Instituto de Entomología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina. ³ Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CIPEIN-UNIDEF/CONICET), Villa Mar- telli, Bs. As., Argentina. 4 Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (3IA – UNSAM).
    [Show full text]
  • Gut Content Metabarcoding Unveils the Diet of a Flower‐Associated Coastal
    ECOSPHERE NATURALIST No guts, no glory: Gut content metabarcoding unveils the diet of a flower-associated coastal sage scrub predator PAUL MASONICK , MADISON HERNANDEZ, AND CHRISTIANE WEIRAUCH Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521 USA Citation: Masonick, P., M. Hernandez, and C. Weirauch. 2019. No guts, no glory: Gut content metabarcoding unveils the diet of a flower-associated coastal sage scrub predator. Ecosphere 10(5):e02712. 10.1002/ecs2.2712 Abstract. Invertebrate generalist predators are ubiquitous and play a major role in food-web dynamics. Molecular gut content analysis (MGCA) has become a popular means to assess prey ranges and specificity of cryptic arthropods in the absence of direct observation. While this approach has been widely used to study predation on economically important taxa (i.e., pests) in agroecosystems, it is less frequently used to study the broader trophic interactions involving generalist predators in natural communities such as the diverse and threatened coastal sage scrub communities of Southern California. Here, we employ DNA metabarcoding-based MGCA and survey the taxonomically and ecologically diverse prey range of Phymata pacifica Evans, a generalist flower-associated ambush bug (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). We detected predation on a wide array of taxa including beneficial pollinators, potential pests, and other predatory arthropods. The success of this study demonstrates the utility of MGCA in natural ecosystems and can serve as a model for future diet investigations into other cryptic and underrepresented communities. Key words: biodiversity; blocking primers; DNA detectability half-life; Eriogonum fasciculatum; food webs; intraguild predation; natural enemies. Received 24 January 2019; accepted 11 February 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Consequences of Linguistic Uncertainty for Insect Management
    WATCH YOUR LANGUAGE Consequences of Linguistic Uncertainty for Insect Management THERESA M. CIRA, KATHY QUICK, AND ROBERT C. VENETTE JA'CRISPY/ISTOCK 258 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGIST | WINTER 2019 his is a call to entomologists to consider the un- certainty introduced into our works through the language we use. Albert Einstein remarked, “Every- thing depends on the degree to which words and word-combinations correspond to the world of im- Tpression,” which makes language a “dangerous source of error and deception” (Hawking 2007). Scientists usually research and deliberately choose the language they use to propose new concepts or terminology. Often, however, terms slip into the lexicon through less systematic means. Words may seem to have meanings so obvious that broad understanding of the term may be taken for granted, but individual contexts are diverse, and to assume that a word’s meaning is unchanging across time and space is to overlook the uncertainties of lan- guage. Thus, communication through even the most common entomological vocabulary can fail. Language is a mutable, un- certain, and imperfect way of representing the world. Because language is integral to science and yet inherently imprecise, it is important for scientists to recognize and address uncertain- ty in the language of our works. Uncertainty, as defined by the Society a phenomenon is repeatedly observed and for Risk Analysis (2015), is “not knowing the individuals agree that measurements con- true value of a quantity or the future con- verge, to some degree, on a specific point, sequences of an activity,” or “imperfect or more certainty about the true nature of the incomplete information/knowledge about phenomenon can be asserted.
    [Show full text]
  • The Maryland Entomologist
    THE MARYLAND ENTOMOLOGIST Insect and related-arthropod studies in the Mid-Atlantic region Volume 6, Number 2 September 2014 September 2014 The Maryland Entomologist Volume 6, Number 2 MARYLAND ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY www.mdentsoc.org Executive Committee: Co-Presidents Timothy Foard and Frederick Paras Vice President Philip J. Kean Secretary Richard H. Smith, Jr. Treasurer Edgar A. Cohen, Jr. Historian (vacant) Publications Editor Eugene J. Scarpulla The Maryland Entomological Society (MES) was founded in November 1971, to promote the science of entomology in all its sub-disciplines; to provide a common meeting venue for professional and amateur entomologists residing in Maryland, the District of Columbia, and nearby areas; to issue a periodical and other publications dealing with entomology; and to facilitate the exchange of ideas and information through its meetings and publications. The MES was incorporated in April 1982 and is a 501(c)(3) non-profit, scientific organization. The MES logo features an illustration of Euphydryas phaëton (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), the Baltimore Checkerspot, with its generic name above and its specific epithet below (both in capital letters), all on a pale green field; all these are within a yellow ring double-bordered by red, bearing the message “● Maryland Entomological Society ● 1971 ●”. All of this is positioned above the Shield of the State of Maryland. In 1973, the Baltimore Checkerspot was named the official insect of the State of Maryland through the efforts of many MES members. Membership in the MES is open to all persons interested in the study of entomology. All members receive the annual journal, The Maryland Entomologist, and the monthly e-newsletter, Phaëton.
    [Show full text]
  • The Neotropical Genus Titanochrysa (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae): Larval Descriptions, Biological Notes, a New Species, and Taxonomic Changes
    Zootaxa 3514: 1–26 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2ADED4C5-8F16-4AE4-989D-0F8688DBDC1D The Neotropical genus Titanochrysa (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae): larval descriptions, biological notes, a new species, and taxonomic changes CATHERINE A. TAUBER1, GILBERTO S. ALBUQUERQUE2 & MAURICE J. TAUBER1 1Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2601 & Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA. E-mail: [email protected] 2Laboratório de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, CCTA, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 28013-602. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This report provides new information on three facets of a recently described Neotropical genus of chrysopine lacewings, Titanochrysa Sosa & Freitas 2012. First, because the current taxonomic understanding of the genus is based entirely on the adult stage, we describe the larvae and aspects of the biology of Titanochrysa trespuntensis Sosa & Freitas. We show that although T. trespuntensis larvae share many morphological and behavioral characteristics with other Neotropical gen- era of Chrysopini, they also differ significantly in many generic-level characters. Their unique suite of larval features pro- vides strong support for the designation of this group of lacewings as a genus. Second, Titanochrysa is known to contain four species; this report describes the adult of a fifth species—Titanochrysa simpliciala New Species, from Costa Rica. Third, the report presents new locality records for three of the original four Titanochrysa species and deals with several taxonomic issues. Specifically, (a) Chrysopa annotaria Banks is transferred to the genus; thus the valid name for the spe- cies becomes Titanochrysa annotaria (Banks), New Combination.
    [Show full text]
  • Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Chrysopinae, Chrysopini) with Markedly Divergent Adult and Larval Features
    Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, 44(2), pp. 69–85, May 22, 2018 Kuwayamachrysa, a New Genus of Lacewings (Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Chrysopinae, Chrysopini) with Markedly Divergent Adult and Larval Features Shigehiko Tsukaguchi1 and Toshihiro Tago2 1 10–10–203 Kanbara, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 662–0021, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 1–29–13–101 Motogou, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332–0011, Japan E-mail: [email protected] (Received 22 March 2018; accepted 28 March 2018) Abstract The authors describe Kuwayamachrysa gen. nov. from northeastern Asia–Japan, Korea and Russian Far East. This new genus is characterized by a number of extraordinary features in the male and female genitalia, and also in the pattern of larval setation. In the male genitalia, there is a uniquely asymmetrical and intersecting gonapsis; in the female genitalia, a bursa-vela connector, vaginal frame and laminate link are present; and in the first instar, secondary setae occur on both thoracic and abdominal segments. The type species of the monotypic genus is Chrysopa kichijoi Kuwayama, 1936. It is redescribed with emphasis on the adult abdominal hypodermal coloration, female terminalia, and larval morphology (first and third instars), all of which were previously unknown. Several features of the new genus are compared with those of other genera: (i) the mor- phology of the gonapsis in relation to the dorsal membrane of the 9th sternite (ii) the morphology of newly described features (bursa-vela connector, vaginal frame and laminate link), and (iii) the first and third instar patterns of setation. Key words: Chrysopini, genitalia, Japan, kichijoi, Korea, Kuwayamachrysa, larval setation, new combination, new genus, Russian Far East.
    [Show full text]
  • Fauna Europaea: Neuropterida (Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera)
    Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4830 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.3.e4830 Data Paper Fauna Europaea: Neuropterida (Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) Ulrike Aspöck‡§, Horst Aspöck , Agostino Letardi|, Yde de Jong ¶,# ‡ Natural History Museum Vienna, 2nd Zoological Department, Burgring 7, 1010, Vienna, Austria § Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical Parasitology, Medical University (MUW), Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria | ENEA, Technical Unit for Sustainable Development and Agro-industrial innovation, Sustainable Management of Agricultural Ecosystems Laboratory, Rome, Italy ¶ University of Amsterdam - Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands # University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland Corresponding author: Ulrike Aspöck ([email protected]), Horst Aspöck (horst.aspoeck@meduni wien.ac.at), Agostino Letardi ([email protected]), Yde de Jong ([email protected]) Academic editor: Benjamin Price Received: 06 Mar 2015 | Accepted: 24 Mar 2015 | Published: 17 Apr 2015 Citation: Aspöck U, Aspöck H, Letardi A, de Jong Y (2015) Fauna Europaea: Neuropterida (Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera). Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4830. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.3.e4830 Abstract Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names of all living European land and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at country level (up to the Urals, excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project covers about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. This represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many users in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education.
    [Show full text]