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Combating Ageism and Creating Solutions

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Combating Ageism and Creating Solutions Global Future Council on Longevity COVID and Longer Lives: Combating ageism and creating solutions COMMUNITY PAPER OCTOBER 2020 Cover: Getty Images/Rawpixel Inside: Getty Images/Goodboy Picture Company; Getty Images/Flyparade; Getty Images/Shootdiem; Getty Images/Taikrixel; Getty Images/Hadynyah Contents 3 Foreword 4 Preface 5 1 Executive summary 7 2 Introduction 8 3 COVID and Ageing Society Virtual Dialogue Series 8 3.1 Ageism in the time of coronavirus 11 3.2 Converging pandemics: isolation and loneliness 13 3.3 Home and community-based care 15 3.4 Long-term care facilities 17 3.5 Impact of COVID-19 on older adults in low- and middle-income countries 20 Conclusion: themes define actions 21 Contributors 22 Appendix: Acknowledgements 25 Endnotes © 2020 World Economic Forum. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system. COVID and Longer Lives: Combating ageism and creating solutions 2 October 2020 COVID and Longer Lives: Combating ageism and creating solutions Foreword Arnaud Bernaert, Sofiat Akinola, Head of Shaping the Future of Lead, Shaping the Future of Health and Healthcare; Member Health and Healthcare; Council of Executive Committee, World Manager, GFC on Longevity, Economic Forum World Economic Forum Remarkable gains in life expectancy, declines in for and challenges to the acceleration, scaling up fertility and the progression of relatively large-sized or transfer of such responses; and offer a platform cohorts to the older ages have led to an ageing global where all key stakeholders can learn from and help population. Life expectancy has increased to 70 years strengthen the response for older adults. or more in many countries, while the total fertility rate has dropped from 5 to 2.5 in the past seven decades In seeking a Great Reset, however, we need to and, for the first time, individuals aged 60 or more acknowledge that population ageing brings with have outnumbered children under the age of five. it opportunities and challenges that must be understood and harnessed. Global populations are On 11 March 2020, Tedros Adhanom benefiting from increased longevity, presenting new Ghebreyesus, the Director-General of the World opportunities to capture unique skill sets, social Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 capital, knowledge and experiences that older a pandemic. Older adults with existing co- adults can offer to restart economies. Governments morbidities are recognized as a vulnerable group, and industries are urged to better understand the at high risk of severe outcomes and mortality. At opportunities and challenges of older adults in this the same time, concerns are intensifying about pandemic and harness their potential to contribute the further detrimental impacts on older adults’ as we restart economies. well-being caused by measures taken to mitigate the transmission of the virus. These developments As the COVID-19 pandemic has shown us, much underscore the critical importance of action to needs to be done to promote healthy ageing enable individuals to age in good health. and improve our response to the opportunities and challenges of ageing in today’s world. As The purpose of the COVID and Ageing Society the International Organization for Public-Private Virtual Dialogue Series was to bring together Cooperation, the World Economic Forum is putting key voices to address the challenges of the its full weight behind the topic of healthy ageing and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and longevity to create a world in which everyone can provide an enabling platform for stakeholders to live a longer and healthier life. The Forum, together discuss the short- and potentially longer-term with its Global Future Council on Longevity, effects of COVID-19 on older adults and their wider will continue to accelerate progress and drive implications; to share examples of promising efforts collective action towards promoting healthy ageing, to respond, support and protect older adults within combating ageism and developing communities the context of COVID-19; to explore opportunities that promote the abilities of older people. COVID and Longer Lives: Combating ageism and creating solutions 3 Preface Co-chairs, Global Future Debra B. Whitman, Victor Dzau, Council on Longevity Chief Public Policy Officer, President, US National AARP Academy of Medicine Soon after the first meeting of the Global Future COVID-19 has upended how we work, learn, Council on Longevity (GFC on Longevity) in Dubai, connect socially, receive care and participate in the the world changed. As we all know, a new threat, marketplace. COVID-19 has affected everyone, SARS-CoV-2, emerged and rapidly spread around yet this great disruption has been particularly the world, causing a global pandemic. devastating for older people, who have suffered economic hardship, become socially isolated and Early on, it was clear that older people, particularly faced the sting of ageism – a sting that, like the those with certain chronic conditions, were dying at virus itself, can be deadly. Older people belonging alarming rates. However, the priorities of governments, to certain racial and ethnic minority groups remain health systems and global institutions did not always especially at risk as a result of unaddressed focus on those who were in greatest danger. systemic inequities. And so, the Council rose to the challenge, quickly As countries start to reopen and rebuild, older pivoting its work and yet staying precisely on people must not be forgotten. They must be at course. Recognizing the urgent need to direct the centre of governments’ economic and social attention to the unique issues faced by older policy responses. Older people must also be part adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, the of the ongoing development of vaccines as well as Council organized a five-part dialogue series about prominent in plans for vaccine distribution. COVID-19 and ageing societies. It is hoped that the insights contained in this report We are pleased to present this summary report will spark ideas that lead to meaningful action. The of the COVID and Ageing Society Virtual Dialogue human rights, dignity and worth of older people Series, co-sponsored by the World Economic must underpin all efforts to reset and “re-normalize” Forum, AARP and the National Academy of the global community. Despite the unforeseen Medicine, USA. It has been our honour to serve as COVID-19 pandemic, our work, at its core, remains co-chairs. We thank the GFC members for their the same as it did at the beginning of 2020. commitment to achieving our mandate to “drive Standing together, we can ensure that no one is left action and impact on healthy longevity”. We would behind and that every individual has the chance for also like to thank everyone who contributed to the a better tomorrow. success of the dialogue series and the development of this report, especially Sofiat Akinola and her colleagues at the World Economic Forum. COVID and Longer Lives: Combating ageism and creating solutions 4 1 Executive summary The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed society; and challenge our everyday biases and long-standing challenges and inequalities in the way assumptions about older adults. we define and protect the rights of older people around the world. The COVID and Ageing Society 2. Converging pandemics: isolation and loneliness Virtual Dialogue Series focused on five thematic areas COVID-19 is not the only pandemic plaguing in which older people have been most significantly older people: isolation and loneliness are distinct affected by the pandemic and where there is potential phenomena. While social isolation refers to the to do more to improve their lives and well-being. What frequency of interactions, loneliness arises from follows is a look at those themes. a lack of meaningful and satisfying relationships. Loneliness affects people of all ages and has a 1. Ageism in the time of coronavirus significant negative impact on a person’s physical Ageist stereotypes that older people are frail, and cognitive health, increasing the risk of anxiety, helpless and a burden on society have led to depression and suicide. Discrimination and prejudice and discrimination in the way policies exclusion, for example, whether because of one’s and responses to COVID-19 have been designed age, ethnicity, gender or sexual orientation, can and operationalized. Meanwhile, COVID-19 has exacerbate loneliness and the impact of COVID-19. exacerbated perennial issues confronting older people. Undervaluing the economic and social The best solutions to loneliness and isolation contributions of the older population is a form discard ageist narratives, instead encouraging of ageism and does a disservice to struggling intergenerational solidarity, social participation, economies that can benefit from gains in health connectedness and a sense of belonging. and longevity. Employers can play a role by making Innovative and inclusive virtual solutions that workplaces more age-friendly and offering older repurpose “old” technologies such as the employees upskilling and training opportunities, job telephone, television and radio, in addition redesign and fair work practices. to enabling internet access for all, can also promote social participation and connectedness. As a result of COVID-19 lockdowns and physical Technological advancements are proving to be distancing regulations, older people, especially in critical tools in preventing isolation from turning lower- and middle-income countries, are facing a into loneliness. However, tapping into those tools loss of financial security and limited opportunities to to realize their full potential will mean addressing earn an income. Chronic disease care and health inequalities in accessing such technologies as screening services have been interrupted due to well as the need to train older people so they feel safe-distancing measures, so are not reaching the familiar with them. older people who most need them. 3.
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