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Antibacterial Effect of the Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Four Iranian Medicinal Plants on Staphylococcus Aureus and Acinetobacte

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Antibacterial Effect of the Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Four Iranian Medicinal Plants on Staphylococcus Aureus and Acinetobacte See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317845322 Antibacterial Effect of The Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Four Iranian Medicinal Plants on Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacte.... Article · April 2017 CITATIONS READS 0 125 4 authors, including: Mansoor Khaledi Majid Asadi-Samani Shahrekord Medical University Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 2 PUBLICATIONS 2 CITATIONS 113 PUBLICATIONS 615 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Gholipour Abolfazl Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 37 PUBLICATIONS 68 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Anti-cancer activity of medicinal plants View project The effects of essential oils, extracts and powder of Satureja bachtiarica bung on the bacterial growth of Staphylococcus aureus in cream cheese View project All content following this page was uploaded by Majid Asadi-Samani on 24 June 2017. shahrekord university of medical scinces The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. provided by View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk CORE brought to you by International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research (eIJPPR) | April 2017 | Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Page 10-14 Gholipour A., Antibacterial Effect of Extracts of Four Iranian Medicinal Plants on Staphylococcus Aureus and Acinetobacter baumanii Antibacterial Effect of The Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Four Iranian Medicinal Plants on Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumanii Mansoor Khaledi1, Majid Asadi-Samani2, Ahmad Mahmoodi-Kouhi3, Abolfazl Gholipour4* 1Students Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran 2Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran 3Student Research Committee, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran 4Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Corresponding Author: Dr. Abolfazl Gholipour Mailing Address: Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Rahmatiyeh, Shahrekord, Iran e-mail [email protected] Relevant Conflicts of Interest/Financial Disclosures: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Received: 12 April 2017; Revised: 26 April 2017; Accepted: 27 April 2017; Published: 30 April 2017 Copyright © 2017 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). ABSTRACT Acquiring infectious diseases due to resistant infectious agents leads to serious problems such as taking higher 10 doses of antibiotics, additional treatments, lengthened hospital stay, and imposing additional costs. The aim of the current study is to study antibacterial effects of the hydroalcoholic extracts of four Iranian medicinal plants, occurring in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari, on Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumanii. In this experimental study, the hydroalcoholic extracts of the plants were prepared by maceration. To investigate the antibacterial effects, microdilution and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were used. DMSO and distilled water were used as solvent. The MIC and MBC of Dianthus orientalis, Ziziphora clinopodioides, Euphorbia sp., and Acanthophyllum glandulosum Bunge ex Boiss. for S. aureus were derived 4, 0.5, 2, and 2 mg/ml and 16, 8, 8, and 16 mg/ml, respectively. Also the MIC and MBC of plants for A. baumanii were derived 4, 1, 0.5, and 2 mg/ml and 16, 8, 8, and 32 mg/ml, respectively. The greatest antibacterial effect was displayed by Z. clinopodioides on S. aureus. The greatest bactericidal effect on A. baumanii was exerted by the recently identified species, Euphorbia sp. These plants can serve as suitable choices to produce antibiotics to fight treatment-resistant bacteria. Key Words: Minimum inhibitory concentration, Minimum bactericidal concentration, Medicinal plants, Drug resistance. DOI: 10.24896/eijppr.2017722 INTRODUCTION important bacterium of a group of bacteria consisting Different resistant rates have been reported for of Enterococcus faecium, S. aureus, Klebsiella Acenitobacter baumanii and Staphylococcus aureus pneumoniae, A. baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, worldwide. S. aureus resistance to penicillin was and Enterobacter spp., collectively referred to as reported for the first time in 1942. S. aureus can ESKAPE. A. baumanii is an opportunistic bacterium an acquire resistance to other antibiotics such as important cause of nosocomial infections that lead to a erythromycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, and high rate of mortality according to Infectious Diseases methicillin [1]. Besides that, A. baumanii has recently Society of America [3]. been reported to develop multidrug resistance (MDR). A. baumanii is responsible for 2-10% of nosocomial While carbapenem was previously used to treat A. infections due to gram-negative bacteria. A. baumanii baumanii infection, the emergence of carbapenem- is an important cause of pneumonia, bacteremia, resistant strains has increased concerns worldwide meningitis, and urinary tract infections [4]. [2]. A. baumanii is a gram-negative cocobacillus and an ISSN (Online) 2249-6084 (Print) 2250-1029 www.eijppr.com International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research (eIJPPR) | April 2017 | Volume 7 | Issue 2 | Page 10-14 Gholipour A., Antibacterial Effect of Extracts of Four Iranian Medicinal Plants on Staphylococcus Aureus and Acinetobacter baumanii S. aureus is an important human pathogen. This gram- Investigating antimicrobial activity using well positive bacterium is a main cause of bacteremia, microplate method endocarditis, and respiratory tract infections [5]. The After conducting bacterial culture and preparing prevalence of bacteremia due to S. aureus has been microbial suspension, broth microdilution in a sterile reported 5015 people per 1000-individual population 96-well plate according to 0.5 McFarland standard in hemodialysis patients in the USA [6]. A 34% (105 CFU/ml) was used to determine the antimicrobial increase in infection with S. aureus in Europe caused effects of the extracts. much concern [7]. Indeed, acquisition of infectious diseases due to Table 1. The bactericidal effects of the studied plants resistant infectious agents can lead to serious MBC (mg/ml) MIC (mg/ml) Extracts A. S. A. S. problems such as taking higher doses of antibiotics, bumani aureus bumani aureus additional treatments, lengthened hospital stay, and Dianthus orientalis 16 16 4 4 Ziziphora imposing additional costs [8]. These issues alongside 8 8 1 0.5 ineffectiveness of chemical drugs to fight these clinopodioides Euphorbia sp. 8 8 0.5 2 pathogens have necessitated development of new Acanthophyllum antibiotics. The use of medicinal plants and their glandulosum Bung. ex 32 16 2 2 derivatives is an approach to fight such various Boiss pathogens [9-11]. Also medicinal plants' effects have Acenitobacter baumanii: A. bumani; Staphylococcus aureus: S. aureus. been investigated and confirmed on several diseases [12-18]. In this regard, researchers are seeking to In this method, the first well was considered negative identify medicinal plants and their derivatives to control (containing the culture medium and the develop effective antibacterial drugs. The current extract) and the second well considered to be positive study was conducted to study antibacterial effects of control (containing the culture medium and the the hydroalcoholic extracts of four Iranian medicinal bacterium). After the culture medium (95 µl) and the plants occurring in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari extracts (100 µl) were introduced into the microplate province, Dianthus orientalis, Ziziphora clinopodioides, wells, 5 µl bacterium was added, and after dilution, the Euphorbia sp., and Acanthophyllum glandulosum Bunge ex resulting samples incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The Boiss., on S. aureus and A. baumanii in vitro. These concentration of the final (most diluted) well in which plants or some of their species have been reported, in no turbidity developed was considered to represent traditional medicine, to display antibacterial effects. minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). To determine minimum bactericidal concentration 11 MATERIALS AND METHODS (MBC), all wells without turbidity were separately The collection of the plants cultured on the blood agar medium and incubated at The plant samples were collected from different 37°C for 24 hours. The minimum concentrations of the regions of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province extract in which the bacteria were not able to grow including Saman county between March 2016 and were considered to represent MBC. The tests to September 2016 and then confirmed by the botanist of determine the MIC and MBC were conducted in Research Center of the Construction Crusade of the triplicate [19]. province (Dr. Shirmardi). D. orientalis, A. glandulosum RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Bunge ex Boiss., Z. clinopodioides, and Euphorbia sp. 4 mg/ml D. orientalis extract could inhibit S. aureus were studied in this study. and A. baumanii, and 16 mg/ml of this extract could Extraction destroy these bacteria. To prepare hydro alcoholic extracts, maceration was Z. clinopodioides
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