Phonological Awareness Hierarchy

Birth to 2 years

PDF Created with deskPDF PDFWriter -Trial::http://www.docudesk.com LITERACY PHONOLOGICAL PRINT KNOWLEDGE READING WRITING SOCIALIZATION AWARENESS • Enjoys joint book reading • Rhyme awareness emerges • Learns to distinguish • May pretend to read • Learns to hold crayon, • Learns to hold book right- at 24-30 mo. print from pictures when others are reading scribble side up • Learns to turn pages • Answers questions about pictures

2 to 5 years

LITERACY PHONOLOGICAL PRINT KNOWLEDGE READING WRITING SOCIALIZATION AWARENESS • Interested in books • Segments sentences into • Learns alphabet song • Learns to recognize • Begins representational • Learns the need to turn words • Learns to recognize and name in print drawing page to get to next part • Segments words into name letters • May recognize • Learns to write name of story syllables (emerges at 48- • Knows some letter environmental print on • Distinguishes drawing • Learns print is stable; 60 mo) names, can identify 10 signs and labels (reads from writing anyone reading a book • Counts syllables (50% by (usually if it’s in their “Stop” sign) • Learns to write some reads the same words age four) name) • Knows to read from front letters • Recognizes familiar books, • Recognizes/produces • Learns letters “have” to back • May use invented spelling may know their titles rhymes (ability to produce sounds (i.e., grapheme- • Learns left-right to label drawings rhyme emerges at 30-36 phoneme relationship progression of print • Experiment by mo) awareness) writing/scribbling strings • Recognizes/produces • Knows that print is what of letters or numbers, or words with the same you read similar forms beginning sound • Learns clusters of letters • May write left to right, • Segments/blends words by separated by space, form right to left, or up, down, onset/rime (s+un=sun) OR words and backwards given sounds, can blend them into a word

Selected References: Johnson, K. L., & Roseman, B. A. (2003). The source for phonological awareness. East Moline, IL: Linguisystems, Inc.. Paul, R. (2007). Language disorders from infancy through adolescence : Assessment & intervention (3rd ed.). St. Louis: Mosby, Inc.

Simpson & Andreassen, 2008

5 to 7 years PDF Created with deskPDF PDFWriter -Trial::http://www.docudesk.com LITERACY PHONOLOGICAL PRINT KNOWLEDGE READING WRITING SOCIALIZATION AWARENESS • Reads picture books for • Identifies (names) first and • Learns alphabetic • Learns to decode by • Learns conventional pleasure, with assistance last letters and sounds in principle: Words are identifying sounds for spelling for some words (e.g., audiotaped book) words made up of sounds; printed letters and • Writes many uppercase • Reads picture books for • Lists words that start with sounds can be synthesizing sounds and lowercase letters pleasure, independently the same sound represented by letters across letters to form • Learns to spell by using • Knows parts of a book • Counts sounds in words • Learns all letter names, words phonemic awareness and and their functions (50% of children by age 5) letter sounds for • Learns some words by letter knowledge • Tells which of three words consonants sight • Makes errors based on have common sounds • Learns sounds for vowels • Starts to track print when phonetic correspondences (e.g., ball, bat, pen) • Matches letters to listening to a familiar • Writes most letters and • Tells which of three words sounds (grapheme- story some words from dictation is different (e.g., sit, sit, phoneme • May read a few short, • Writing is simpler than sat) correspondence) regularly spelled words speech • Blends 3-4 sounds to make • May recognize words by (e.g., their names or • Writing begins to be more a word (/h/ + /ae/ + /n/ + sight their classmates names) common than drawing /d/= hand) • Segments words into 3-4 phonemes ( hand= (/h/ + /ae/ + /n/ + /d/) • Manipulates syllables (e.g., delete, substitute, reverse) • Manipulates sounds in words (What’s hop without the /p/? [/ha/]) • Manipulates letters to make new words (can change h at to c at)

Simpson & Andreassen, 2008

PDF Created with deskPDF PDFWriter -Trial::http://www.docudesk.com 7 to 9 years

LITERACY PHONOLOGICAL PRINT KNOWLEDGE READING WRITING SOCIALIZATION AWARENESS • Reads “chapter books” for • Plays with sounds in • Begins to learn • Transitions from • Learns spelling patterns pleasure independently words, as in pig latin and conventions for emergent to “real” (e.g., -ight pattern words) • May read non-fiction for other secret codes punctuation, reader • Increases vocabulary of pleasure, as well • Uses phonological capitalization, other • Recognizes more words known spellings awareness skills when conventions of print by “sight” • Makes fewer spelling spelling • More phonic patterns are errors recognized to increase • Uses writing to send automaticity of decoding messages (e.g., “silent e rule”) • Begins school-sponsored • As reading becomes writing, such as book more automatic, more reports attention is focused on • Writing resembles level of comprehension complexity in speech • Reading moves toward • Oral and literate styles are fluency mixed in writing • Narrative writing predominates

Simpson & Andreassen, 2008 Hierarchy of Phonological Awareness Skills

PDF Created with deskPDF PDFWriter -Trial::http://www.docudesk.com Preparatory Activities o Develop listening habits – Preschool-Early Kindergarten o Tune into print - Preschool-Early Kindergarten Rhyme Awareness Activities o Identify words that rhyme - Preschool-Kindergarten o Produce words that rhyme - Preschool-Kindergarten Phoneme Awareness Activities o Identify the beginning sound of a word - Preschool-Kindergarten o Identify the ending sound of a word - Preschool-Kindergarten o Identify the middle sound of a word – Kindergarten-First Grade Segmenting Activities o Segments sentences into words - Preschool-Kindergarten o Segment words into syllables - Preschool-Kindergarten o Segment words into sounds – Kindergarten-First Grade Blending Activities o Blend syllables into words – Kindergarten-First Grade o Blend sounds into words – Kindergarten-First Grade Manipulation ActiActivitiesvities o Delete syllables from words – First Grade o Substitute syllables in words – First Grade o Delete sounds from words – First Grade o Substitute sounds in words – First Grade

Simpson & Andreassen, 2008