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Chapter Iii Analysis

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Chapter Iii Analysis library.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id69 CHAPTER III ANALYSIS Representation of reality in a documentary has been questioned by experts whether it is a truth or falsity. Documentary works with actual events, persons, and places and then takes those things as its raw material. Grierson (1946) says that the root of documentary is reality by considering that film maker can manipulate it through creativity (as cited in Debora, 2015). Therefore, the same as another film genre, documentary film is an art form. Documentary film is a construction and a manipulated work in which selection of topic, editing, and mixing sound are carried out within. Moreover, Beattie (2004) states that the construction of documentary is library.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id70 organized through arguments of film maker about truthfulness which is presented in the forms of essays, diaries, reports, or eulogies (as cited in Debora, 2015). Paris is Burning is a film documentary about self-affirmation, empowerment and life of Black and Latino gay and transgender in drag community. This film presents White subcultures; balls and life of gay and transgender in New York. The social issues reflected in Paris is Burning needs to be investigated by observing the elements of documentary including narrations, dialogues and mis-en-scene. Setting of place and setting of time define pictures which will appear on the screen. Through setting of place and time, audiences can see social condition in certain places and certain time. As I have mentioned, the story of Paris is Burning takes a place in New York. To show setting of places to audiences, film maker presents picture of high buildings on the screen. The high building refers to a metropolitan city that is well known for its freedom; New York (see figure 1&2). In this part of scene, the pictures are taken with extreme long shot that enables audiences to realize that it is New York. 54 Figure 1 Figure 2 library.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id71 Figure 3 Figure 4 Image of Black characters in Paris is Burning is not fully represented in stereotypical images of Black. They are not represented as violent and criminal. Since it takes a place in New York, characterization of Blacks in that documentary does not attach to Black traditional culture and religion belief. Moreover, the Blacks are represented to show the social issue that happens in drag community. However, the image cannot be trusted as an actual image because documentary is part of film maker imagination that is constructed within image and narration. Besides setting of place, setting of time also reflects the social condition. Through the cinematography, this documentary informs to audiences that social condition at that time is messy and it cannot be contained by a camera. The figures above (see figure 1, 2, 3 & 4) are taken by locked-down shot technique. This technique puts the camera in one fixed position while other actions continue to appear on the screen. The social condition that is meant refers to the existence of drag community that is considered as disintegration. The community presents to break the system of normalcy about sex and gender. This community opposes library.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id72 heteronormativity and produces commotion in society through their appearance. Drag makes society confused of their ambiguous identity. The identity of drag is neither masculine nor feminine. The identity cannot be defined as one fixed identity, because drag embodies both characteristic of man and woman that is materialized through appearance and performance at balls. Ball is the most inseparable culture of gay and transgender. Ball itself is organized by a “House” that functions as family for the members. Paris is Burning covers the problems within White subculture; balls through the representation of Black gay and transgender life. Figure1 Figure 2 Figure 3 To answer research question, I decide to focus on three main characters in the documentary; Kim Pendavis, Pepper Lebeija and Octavia Saint Laurent. Two of them; Pendavis and Lebeija are Black men who identify themselves as gay (see figure 1&2). Other character is Octavia who identifies as Black transgender MTF (see figure library.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id73 3). Through these three main characters, Paris is Burning presents the problem of race within balls and the problem of identity. In addition, by analyzing these three character performance at balls, I want to investigate ballroom as a space to empower Black drag queen. A. The Balls as The Strategy of Empowering Black Drag Queen “I remember my dad used to say that you have three strikes against you in this world and every black man has two that they’re just black and they’re male. But if you’re male and you’re gay, you gonna have a hard time. If you gonna do this, you have to be stronger than you ever imagined” (Paris is Burning). Within the cultural framework of America, typical masculinity is characterized by White male, thus the social status of Black male is subordinated by White patriarchy. It makes Black males have to negotiate their attitude and behavior in society. As the narrator says above, Black has two strikes that he is just a Black and he is a male. Moreover, a Black gay man has three strikes that he is just a Black, a male and a gay. Black is identified as masculine and heterosexual. Furthermore, Black community is highly homophobia. Therefore, Black gay male is excluded from Black community because his identity as queer is considered to jeopardize Black culture and religion belief (Benjamin, 2007, p.11). As a Black male and a gay, Black queer obtains rejection from Black community as well as heterosexual society. Confronting this situation, Black gay has to hide his identity as queer to avoid oppression. One of strategy to avoid the library.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id74 oppression is by being down low (DL). Down low is an African American slang that refers to describe the behavior of men who have sex with other men as well as women and do not identify as gay or bisexual (http://www.webmd.com/sex- relationships/what-is-down-low). This term means keep something private, refers to information or activity. One of Black character; Pepper Labeija chooses this strategy to avoid oppression from his family. Since he is a gay, he goes to balls in secret. He achieves trophies for his performance at balls, but he does not tell this to his family. Instead, he tells his mother that he achieves the trophies from basketball and running track. It is highly risky if he tells his family that he goes to gay bars. In an interview, Labeija shares his experiences when his family finds out that he is a gay. He states: 20:31 – 21:21 I was walking up 145th street with my girlfriends. I had on white hot pants, a chiffon blouse, and a pony tail. And my father was waiting for the light in his car. And he saw me. He recognized me. And he went straight to my house before I could get there and told my mom “your son is a woman”. She didn’t press it then. But like, maybe a few months later, when she noticed I had breast, everything started to come together. She really was devastated. How could you have breast bigger than me. You’re oman right before my very eyes. I growing nails. You’re becoming a w can’t hold me head up. But she still loves me. But about the nagging, oh my god, about this women’s clothes, and she found them, she destroyed it. I was, oh, devastated. Every individual has desire to live following his/her heart, including Black gay. Being DL means Black lives in falsity. He cannot live as his true identity as long as he still lives close to his family in suburban area. New York City is listed as the largest gay population in America. This metropolitan city is one of favorite library.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id75 destination for homosexual to live in because this county offers more liberation than other states in America. Rejection accepted from family and community as well as desire to live in true identity play important role to influence Black gay to move away from his hometown. In an interview, mother of Venus Xtravaganza shares her experiences about moving to New York City. She says: 22:39 – 23:02 I don’t feel that there is anything mannish about me except maybe what I might have between me down there, which is my little personal thing, so I guess that’s why I want my sex change to make myself complete. I was about 13, 14 year old and I used to do it behind my family’s back till finally they caught on with it and I didn’t want to embarrass them so that’s why I moved away. I moved to New York and continue to do it. The greater community of gay and transgender is in New York (Debora, 2015, p.24). This city is the center of “House” belongs to White and queer of color. Paris is Burning informs that “House” is a gay gang; a home; a community; a network of queer including gay, lesbian and transgender. House is like a family that consists of father, mother and children. This family is not a biological family. They became family because they share same identity and experience as minority in society.
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