Appendix B Documented Historic Communities

Appendix B documented historic communities

This appendix includes summary descriptions and maps within more than one of the county’s planning areas. For of 57 historic communities throughout Prince George’s example, Riverdale Park (68-004) and West Riverdale County. Thirty-two of these community descriptions (68-093) are counted individually even though they were included in the 1992 Historic Sites and Districts Plan. are within the same municipality, but the Clagett An additional 25 communities, subsequently identified, Agricultural Area (78-000, 79-000 & 82-000) is counted are included here. Two additional communities, although as a single community even though it includes properties surveyed as part of the same effort, are not included here. in three planning areas. All 57 communities have been As locally designated historic districts, the Broad Creek the subject of “windshield”surveys. The purpose of Historic District and the Old Town College Park Historic such surveys is to identify the general characteristics District are the subject of a separate chapter in the plan. of each area including topography, street patterns, The county’s seven National Register Historic Districts, historic architecture, the types of buildings and uses, Mount Rainier, North Brentwood, Hyattsville, Riverdale and the boundaries of the surveyed area. The complete Park, West Riverdale, University Park, and Calvert Hills, windshield survey forms, which include additional and the Greenbelt National Historic Landmark District analysis, maps and representative photographs are are included in the detailed descriptions below and are available for review at M-NCPPC/Prince George’s indicated with the symbol NRHD or NHL. County Planning Department’s Historic Preservation Section or on the M-NCPPC/Prince George’s County The number of these communities in this appendix, Planning Department website, www.pgplanning.org/ 57, reflects the assignment of an individual Maryland About-Planning/Our_Divisions/Countywide_Planning/ Inventory of Historic Properties number for a Historic_Preservation.htm. distinguishable community, but not the double- counting of that community if it happens to be located Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

. R D Rossville (62-023)

S TANM ORE D R . D O O W Legend G N O Rossville Survey L

Historic Resource Historic Site

OLD M U IR K IR K R OAD

R D .

IVE R D

0 180 360 720 1,080 Feet

242 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Rossville (62-023) largest lot on Old Muirkirk Road was purchased by the Rebecca Lodge #6 of the Benevolent Sons and Daughters Rossville is significant as an example of a small, late of Abraham, a fraternal organization whose purpose was nineteenth-century African-American rural settlement. to support its members in times of illness or emergency. Rossville was named for Augustus Ross, one of the On this lot they constructed a lodge now known as first landowners along Old Muirkirk Road. Rossville Abraham Hall (Historic Site/NR 62-023-07). Over the was formed by a group of freed African-Americans years, Abraham Hall has been used as a meeting place, who in 1868 established Queen’s Chapel, a Methodist church, and schoolhouse. congregation near Beltsville. Land for the church was purchased for five dollars from the Minnix family. The site The rural setting of Rossville remains largely intact, but was originally used as a burial ground for local African- subdivisions on the north and west of Rossville have Americans and a church was later built on the site. The begun to encroach on the landscape. The Muirkirk West chapel, a log structure, was also used as a schoolhouse Neighborhood Park, owned by M-NCPPC, is located for neighboring children. In 1886 individual members south of Old Muirkirk Road; it protects the viewshed of the congregation and other African-Americans of the neighborhood and provides a natural boundary. purchased 12 lots along the north side of Old Muirkirk Only a few late nineteenth-century buildings are extant; Road. By 1889 structures were erected on 11 of the lots. most have been replaced with twentieth-century In the late 1890s, Queen’s Chapel was destroyed by fire, construction. Most of the construction dates from the and a wood-frame building replaced the log structure. 1930s and 1940s. Architectural styles in Rossville reflect The congregation outgrew the second building and a range of popular styles from the 1890s to the 2000s constructed a larger brick church that was completed and include Colonial Revival, Craftsman, Dutch Colonial in 1956. For more than 100 years, Queen’s Chapel has Revival, and vernacular interpretations. Building forms served as a central gathering point for this small African- include I-houses, bungalows, Cape Cods, and ranch American community. houses. Many of the structures have been altered by rear and side additions. There are a variety of outbuildings in Residents of Rossville supported themselves by working Rossville, including garages, sheds, and trailers. at the nearby Muirkirk Iron Furnace and by farming. The

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 243 Appendix B•DocumentedE Historic Communities L

VI N SPR O O I T T A I N AU H H ST T G PL. T BLACKFOOT 9 8 H 4 ARD 4 T BOULEV 9 B 4 . Lakeland LA KFO PL C OT APACHE . T VE. L

H PL R

T D BE

. T M . S ET 8 ST.

Z 1

4 H L (66-000) ER P O 5 ST TT T 1 R EEN BR 0 D. ANCHVILLE RD. 5 R 5 G BRANCHVILLE RD.

VE. VE.

A GREENBELT RD. A TEC UMSE H ST. D

R H U . A H T H SL AN T I T T 8 PL 8 9 4 4 4 SEM ST. I NOL VE. BERWYN E A Legend ST . VE.

A R OAN H OKE T H ST 5 T INOLE Lakeland Survey QU . 5 6 SEM EBEC ST. 5 RD. QUEBE Historic Resource C BER AN AT PO ST. WYN U NTIAC TIAC R N 4 Historic Site PO 9 ST. T VE R EW H A D CAMPU . S VI A O . VE ST VE. SA A N T G AV ERR. E E AH D O T SAG ST O O E ST . E XEN H . U C T ST R A DE ME PA M TROIT AVE. LB . O O R U T 5 P R I 7 N VER L. E VE. PO T A . ST VE. H A H A T SI VE. 8 C D 4 OE INC LAKEL AH VE. INA E AN V A TI D NA VE. A AVE. ORE R SYCAM D.

PA ST H IN AVE. 1 T 5 5 T PI 4 ER C 5 8 BAL E T H TI AVE. E M N O EV A BR AD R R A VE. E O

AN M I ST T .

H H BAL T EN VE 4 D A N 5 LI . PL RTMOU P DA TH K W Y. AVE.

VE. VE A VE. A VE A A N C OR OL VE WIC L A H EGE RD.

KN S OX N N N A O VE. D

PKI ET SO O R AN C D. VE. H N A A I SL I C R KER O D. BI LL C EG PR I M E D U L R VE EH D L I AVE. . A GH CALVERT O VE C KN A VE. H OX A R T D D. 0 R GUIL VE. D FORD R 5 . A A AVE. V R A N R H I D. ROAD O FORDHAM VE. D D RD RD. A . W ST N CA 1 2 LVER . 5 5 BO T R DR EXEL D D RD. L

T O

K E CLEMSO A N R R H D W O T E . F U RD. U O

0 400 800 1,600 2,400 M T BEECHW VEN O A FeetOD RD. R A

244 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Lakeland (66-000) Park, Lakeland, Hollywood, Daniels Park, Oak Springs, and Sunnyside were incorporated as part of the City Lakeland was developed as a late nineteenth-century of College Park in 1945. Lakeland remained a small resort community in northwest Prince George’s County. community in the 1950s and 1960s and saw little new The small neighborhood is located in the City of College development. Due to repeated flooding, in 1969 an Park directly east of the University of Maryland, College urban renewal project was begun. The plan included Park campus, north of Old Town College Park, and south building earthenwork dikes along Indian Creek, Paint of Berwyn. Lakeland is bounded by Baltimore Avenue Branch Creek, and Lake Artemesia to prohibit future (US 1) on the west and the CSX railroad tracks (formerly flooding and demolishing existing houses that were in the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad tracks) on the east. the floodplain. The issue divided the small community. Edwin A. Newman, a real estate developer based in Many feared the redevelopment would result in the Washington D.C., platted the community in 1890. displacement of families who had lived in Lakeland for Newman designed the community as an exclusive resort years. Over a 15-year period, the $5.7 million dollar area conveniently located near Lake Artemesia and project resulted in the demolition of 87 houses and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Newman called the resulted in the construction of 40 units of low-income community Lakeland, “on account of the beautiful lake housing, 86 townhouses, 7 single-family houses, and 2 which is to form a delightful feature of its landscape. This mid-rise apartment buildings, one for senior citizens, lake will cover an area of seven acres, will be fifteen feet and the other for students and faculty at the University deep, and is to be named Lake Artemesia in honor of Mrs. of Maryland. [Clara Artemesia] Newman.” The lake was originally dug Lakeland is improved by buildings that date from circa as a gravel extraction pit in the 1860s by the Baltimore 1900 to the present. The majority of buildings date and Ohio Railroad Company. Newman created a park from the 1940s through the 1970s. Although few in around the lake, stocked the lake with fish, and provided number, the earliest houses in the neighborhood date residents with “pleasure boats.” By April 1891, more from the first decade of the twentieth century and are than 72 people purchased property in Lakeland and had typically two-story, front-gabled, wood-frame dwellings. made over $135,000 in improvements. Newman quickly The majority of these houses have a one-story, full- improved the area by installing gas lights, curbs, gutters, width, or wraparound porch. Because of the urban wooden sidewalks, and dirt streets. renewal in Lakeland from the 1960s to the 1980s, there At the turn of the twentieth century, African-Americans are several mid-rise apartment buildings constructed began to move into the community, although typically along Navahoe Street. There is also a large townhouse along its outer edges. Many new residents were seeking development located on Lakeland Road. The community employment at the nearby university. In 1901, John is predominantly residential; however buildings in Calvary Johnson became the first black resident to Lakeland also have religious and educational uses. purchase land in the central part of the community. In Nonhistoric commercial development is located on the 1903, the Embry A.M.E. Church was established. The west side of the community along Baltimore Avenue. following year, a one-room schoolhouse for African- Public buildings in Lakeland include Paint Branch American children was constructed. A new elementary Elementary School, College Park Community Center, and school was constructed in 1926. The school was funded the College Park Volunteer Fire Department. Land east of by the Prince George’s County Board of Education and the railroad tracks has been purchased by M-NCPPC and the Julius Rosenwald Fund. the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority and is used as parkland. Paint Branch Park is located Despite Lakeland’s overwhelming resistance to adjacent to Paint Branch Elementary School. incorporation, Berwyn, Calvert Hills, Old Town College

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 245 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

PADUCAH R T D.

E R

STEWA V 5

A 2

P T N CT. A S D

I Daniels Park ODESSA RD. 1 C 5 O

A V P

E L . (66-027) .

GARA RD. . NIA R .

R E

E E

T V

D . NANTUCKET RD . V

A N

L A 2

1 5

OD RD. 5 EDGEWO

R .

D N 5 4 2 E . A . 9 LA N MINEO RD. V MA R D . L N T D K G A IE P H R R R U N N A MANGUM RD. P 4 A A E A D 8 M L N

. . Legend V G R T L D D . E H E E . R S A . I O L D E V

. . N L L

H V

I . A

S P

Daniels Park Survey R A V E E MUS T O V K T OGE S A E T Historic Resource T S 1 . T L . 5 U A G A UN L A LAC A T T KA P I H W D Historic Site AN S E N H D T . A . . 1 N

V R R 7 L L D 5 C 2 E . I 4 A 5 3 P P P V . 5 K W A E . S . H T. W OL V L LY E W A Y O P OD V KEO H TA A H . E T H L TE T H P RR 8 D . T H 9 T H . 4 8 O T 4 9 T T E 4 R 0 T D 4 H . 0 S V K 5 S E 5 1 NN R EB A 1 U 5 NK K . TE . . IRO EN 5 QU NE E R O SA INDIAN IS W V D HUR . A S F ON L T. ER O P IE X .

L L G D P . N ER S S . ONI T. N T E M . H O 2 H S T V S T 5 T . T A . 0 . E H S 8 T 5 . E T R 4 V 8 H FO O XS A 4 T. D T IN Y M E 9 E A I LA R D W 4 IE I E T A U A TAW W L R N P E ST. L. K L L A S N R T. O B . . . A . C . L CREE LA. L P P L E U P H C V P HE S T R A 0 CHEYENNEPL. N O T 5 K O E C I E E S H T N P EROKEEST. A

S A L T R H H . T T T I S H N BLACKFOOTPL. K 8 9 N T G 4 4 A 9 T B .

. . 4 L B L L E L E K P M AC F P V O APACHE A

H O B

T T E

A . R .

T N T R S

D T S

L 8

. H

ST. 1 E

4 P

T 5 E 1 0 BRANCHVILLE RD 5 R 5 . . . G E BRANCH E VILLE RD.

V V

A A GREENBELT RD.

5 TE D C 9 UM 5 N S . T EH ST. 8 A E H T H L H . H V R . H A U T A L S A T T T I A V N 8 E 8 P 9 . 4 V H E 4 4 E S A T TE ST EM C . IN V 7 U WYN O M BER L A 5 S SEH E S T. T. H R H . O T T A A N T S OK 5 E S 6 INOLE V T. 5 EM QUEBE 5 S E C ST. RD QUE . BEC B TAN AC ST ER UA PONTIAC TI . WY R ON 4 E N QUEBEC W P 9 V E T A R I H . D 0 1.5 3 6 9 V T. A E . PO O S V V N P S E E A T O Miles A . IA M NT T D IC G N E C A A E E O V H X A U H G T R N A I P N

N 246 Preliminary Historic Sites and DistrictsU Plan C Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Daniels Park (66-027) platted as the Addition to Daniels Park. The Addition to Daniels Park was developed as an early twentieth- Daniels Park was located directly adjacent to the eastern century streetcar suburb located in northwestern Prince boundary of Daniels Park. To quickly sell these lots, George’s County within the City of College Park. The Daniels organized several auctions where he provided community is located only a few miles from the boundary many incentives to potential buyers, including “Free of Washington, D.C., north of Branchville and south of Lots, Free Music, Free Lunch, Free Ride Out.” Both Hollywood and the Capital Beltway. Daniels Park and the Addition to Daniels Park were intended for middle-income professionals who could not In 1905, Edward Daniels, a real estate salesman from afford to live within Washington, D.C., but still desired Berwyn, began purchasing property in the Branchville an affordable and convenient location. area to establish his own rural retreat. That year Daniels purchased 35 acres of land, part of a tract called In 1945, Daniels Park was incorporated as part of the “Vernon.” He subsequently platted the subdivision City of College Park. After the incorporation, Daniels of Daniels Park, located on the east side of Baltimore Park remained an active suburb and continued to be Avenue (US 1). Daniels first advertised Daniels Park as improved. The area along Baltimore Avenue (US 1) was 1, 2, 3, and 4-acre lots on the “car line.” He noted that redeveloped as a commercial strip, providing necessary Daniels Park was “just the place for poultry-raising.” In amenities for residents of Daniels Park and the larger later advertisements, Daniels offered 50 by 200-foot lots College Park community. Today Daniels Park remains a in Daniels Park for only $100 per lot. modest commuter suburb.

In a letter to the editor of The Washington Post in April The community contains a wide variety of buildings 1905, Daniels wrote that more people should consider constructed between circa 1906 and the present. The rural living: “there is a most attractive field for persons majority of buildings constructed in Daniels Park of moderate means who have a taste for country life. I date from the 1940s to the 1980s. There are a number am not thinking of the poor and unemployed, but of the of popular twentieth-century architectural styles large class of clerks and businessmen who are confined represented in Daniels Park including Craftsman, to the city during the day most of the year.” Daniels went Colonial Revival, and illustrations from the Modern on to propose a utopian community outside of the city Movement. Common building forms present in Daniels where residents could “maintain a cooperative dairy, Park include Foursquares, bungalows, Cape Cods, ranch laundry, orchards, vineyards, truck gardens, and schools.” houses, minimal traditional houses, and split-foyers. The He proposed public transportation to run residents to residential buildings are modest and display minimal the train and streetcar stations. Daniels suggested that ornamentation, typical of their use for middle-class a resident in the country would have “a chance to lead commuters. The majority of houses are small one- or the simple life with every element of social opportunity one-and-a-half-story designs. The topography of the and pleasure added. In contrast with the ragged, half- neighborhood is relatively flat and is scattered with built towns along the steam and streetcar cars [sic] that mature trees. Lots in the 1905 Daniels Park subdivision now scar the face of the country, we might have groups are much larger and less regularly shaped than those of charming and orderly rural homes surrounded by in the 1906 Addition to Daniels Park. Streets in both orchards, gardens, and parks worthy of an enlightened subdivisions adhere to a rectilinear grid. Buildings in and civilized people. Such a settlement could be made Daniels Park are predominately residential, although the paradise of childhood and the happy retreat of old nonhistoric commercial buildings are located along age.” Baltimore Avenue.

In 1906, Daniels continued to add to his holdings, purchasing an additional 49 acres of land that he

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 247 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

G U IL F O R HA D RTWI CK E University Park R. E L D A R . V E R C H Y ND N D E U A O H R N MM RT S T A A S E (66-02C9O ) LVE O R V N F U CA LA R E C I T . O . L L H WA D

O N E L

W T R CALVERT

D . R

A . Y T R E K P R ART D R R R

IDG . GUILFOR . D D E

R P . L FO . RE ST CLA D GET R. H P T IL K OOD S PIN Legend L W W BU T E RY H W AY B Y IG UR E University Park Survey EN H VA T- ST. N CLAGET .

National Register District D

RW E E O G Historic Site ND OD B

U U D I

D R R R R E D S 4 K T. . N . . 1 D A S R P

I O T E U N A G N E V HWO E D BEEC O E L D . L E O R C W W AY O W O S E T D L . D S L T O S . O HW BEEC E

. U

E N

V D. E R A V 4 1 A S ST 4 T R . . 0 D EE T R T H P KW D Y A A . R O V R O E . A N

D O TENNY S E A TUCK R E O V RM E A M . N I

T SHERID L AN A

H T 4 EAST 4 S T. .

L T ON W P L S T E E L S 1 T P L . A 4 O E H Q . H R V C NA T UINTA . T A S 5 R E

4 A V .

ST. . A

C . L E

R P QUEENSBURY V E A T

. RD E .

. A ST.

H S .

H L

L H H

T D E

S D T

T T

O R V R

4 6

4 4

3 A H D 4

4 4

3 4

S 4 C T N

. 4 I OL 2 H IVE

0 290 580 1,160 1,740 N R ON 4 A EIDAFeet R OLIVER ST. R IS O N

248 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

University Park (66-029) NRHD A notable feature of the community is the property’s original farmhouse (Bloomfield [Deakins House], University Park, an incorporated municipality, is an Historic Site 66-029-05) and the nearby Deakins family early twentieth-century automobile suburb within cemetery. Bloomfield, the oldest house in University the US 1 corridor in northwestern Prince George’s Park, was constructed circa 1830 as a two-and-one-half- County. Beginning in the 1880s, a rapid process of story vernacular farmhouse. The dwelling was rebuilt suburbanization began, made possible by a nearby and reoriented in 1923; it now presents as a Neo- railroad line and the extension of streetcar lines from Classical suburban dwelling. The associated Deakins Washington, D.C. The neighborhood, which developed family cemetery, containing approximately 20 burials, is from 1920 to 1945, is exclusively residential. Unlike its located approximately one block northwest of the house older neighbors College Park and Riverdale Park, from on a separate parcel. the onset, University Park was designed to accommodate the automobile. The primary building type is the detached single-family dwelling with a freestanding garage. The neighborhood In April 1920, Harry W. Shepherd and Claude Gilbert is characterized by streets of evenly spaced houses platted College Heights, a hilly, 30-acre parcel of shaded by mature trees.Common building forms include land, west of Baltimore Avenue near the present Old American Foursquare, Bungalow, Cape Cod, and two- Town College Park and the University of Maryland. In story, side-gabled Colonial Revivals. The area contains 1923, the University Park Company platted a 30-acre a cross-section of popular early twentieth-century subdivision known as Section 1 at the intersection of domestic architectural styles including Colonial Revival, Baltimore Avenue and Colesville Road. The University Tudor Revival, Dutch Colonial Revival, and Craftsman Park Company continued to plat subdivisions influenced designs. These houses are vernacular throughout the 1920s and 1930s, gradually expanding expressions of the prevailing architectural themes of the the neighborhood of University Park. The University period. There are no visible changes since the designation Park Company sold individual lots with deed restrictions of University Park as a National Register Historic District and covenants as well as constructing houses of varying in June 1996. The boundaries of the district have not styles for sale. In 1936, the company began to sell parcels been compromised, and both the district as a whole and to individuals or other companies who carried out their the boundaries retain their integrity. own developments. University Park was platted and developed largely by individual homeowners whose buildings conformed to a set of covenants established by the developer.

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 249 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Y A SIT . V M YSTAL SPRING AVE ER ET CR E Z IV ERO . N T A U T RD V .

SPRING VIEW AVE. .

A University A V

. of Maryland . (66-035)

. D V L B

Legend University of Maryland

Survey CAMPUS

Historic Resource N A VA H O S E Historic Site T.

LA KELAND

MORE SYCA

PA IN AVE. T

V B

E E R

R . A O N M I C T H L A B N E DR. D N LI M

W B P

A A K

L T W

T T

I Y

M .

L O N R . E .

E E V E V A

A V A N C E ORW OLL V ICH E A RD. GE LEHIGH KNOX RD. G KN U OX IL S F N O N I R HAR O N K TW T P D I O CK E E R L S O D R. E . D A C R H R . V E R C H Y N E ND D E U RD I A N H N . K O R R M T S T A M R E C A S P E O V CO LV R I N F U A L E C A R D C I T . L O . L H WA D

O N E L

W T R CALVERT

D . R

A . Y T R E K P R ART D R R R

IDG . GUILFOR

. D D E D R

R P A . L FO . V RES R T CLA D A GET R. H H P T IL K OOD S PIN L W W BU T E RY H W AY RD. B Y IG UR E EN H

VA T- . DREXEL T. N CLAGET . RD.

S R D

E E

S RW K CLEMSON

E O G B E ND OD A

U D

R U I D R R W

R O R E D E 4 K F ST . N . RD . . . U 1 D A S R P N I O T U N E E A N G E V HWO V E D BEEC O E L D RD. A . L E O R C W W 0 400 800 1,600 2,400 AY O S Feet O T AMHE D . RST D O O W CH BEE 250 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

University of Maryland, College Park rapidly increase, growing from 2,000 students in 1935 (66-035) to nearly 5,000 students by 1945. To accommodate this growth, several residence halls and classroom buildings The University of Maryland, College Park (UMCP) began were constructed. The university continued to progress as the Maryland Agricultural College, established in and the first African-American undergraduate and 1856 by Charles Benedict Calvert and 18 other wealthy graduate students were admitted in 1951. The University planters. The new institution was created to modernize of Maryland has continued to grow and expand academic agricultural practices and enable local farmers to increase programming. Currently there are more than 350 productivity. To provide a site for the college, Calvert buildings on the University of Maryland’s College Park sold 428 acres of his Riversdale Plantation known as campus. Rossborough Farm to the investors of the college. The 650-acre campus stretches from Adelphi Road on the In 1858, the cornerstones were laid to the Barracks, west to Paint Branch Drive on the north, Knox Road on the which served as the first main building on campus. On south, across Baltimore Avenue (US 1) to roughly Rhode October 6, 1859, the campus was dedicated and the Island Avenue on the east. The historic core of the campus first classes were held for the 34 students enrolled at wraps around a large mall. Smaller plazas, courtyards, the college. In 1862 the first students were graduated. and walkways create a park-like landscape. The campus The school struggled during the Civil War, and declining contains a variety of buildings constructed between enrollment resulted in the college going bankrupt. From 1803 and the present. Only three extant buildings date 1864 to 1866, the campus functioned as a preparatory from the nineteenth century, Rossborough Inn (1803), school for boys. In 1866, the Maryland state legislature Morrill Hall (1898), and Taliaferro Hall (circa 1894- purchased half of Maryland Agricultural College, 1896). The majority of buildings were constructed from resulting in the college’s transition from a private to a 1940 to 1960. There are a number of popular twentieth- public institution. Between 1887 and 1892, the school century styles represented on campus including budget increased approximately 500 percent. The Georgian Revival, Neoclassical, Colonial Revival, and increased budget allowed for the construction of more styles from the Modern Movement. Buildings on campus buildings, an expanded faculty, and a larger student are typically symmetrical, constructed of brick, and are body. several stories high; however, the massing and scale of the buildings emphasize the horizontal rather than In November 1912, a major fire destroyed the the vertical. Main entries are commonly emphasized administration and barracks buildings, which served as with multistory projecting porticoes and elaborate the main buildings on campus. The buildings were rebuilt ornamentation. Most roofs are side-gabled or hipped and the institution was renamed the Maryland State and are covered with asphalt shingles. Common building College of Agriculture. By 1916, women were admitted forms include a variety of plans such as rectangular- into the school and a liberal arts program was developed. shaped, L-shaped, U-shaped, H-shaped, T-shaped, and A fraternity and sorority system was created and the square plans with open courtyards. Buildings on campus barracks were soon replaced by dormitories. That same accommodate academic, administrative, recreational, year, the school changed its name to Maryland State residential, social, and utilitarian functions. In keeping College. In 1920, the school was again renamed when the with the growth at the university, many buildings have state legislature consolidated the College Park campus been altered by the construction of additions, which with the professional schools in Baltimore to create the typically appear on the sides and rear of buildings. The University of Maryland. park-like setting of the campus is sited on gently rolling The second quarter of the twentieth century marked hills, and many buildings have been constructed to take significant change at the university. Enrollment began to advantage of the natural topography.

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 251 Appendix B B•Documented Historic CommunitiesP A K L W E. . T V . Y A E E

IM . E V V E V A A O V Calvert Hills E A A N R CO V ORW (66-037) E LL A IC EGE H RD. RD N S . N K O IN N O O T X K D S AV E N E E P . H R A AR L C A TW O I ICK E R L Legend A D B IN H . K Y IS RD R M

A . Calvert Hills Survey IC E P U

V D R V L National Register DistriDct E D. A CALVERT O R . C . Historic Resource . D R E R D V Historic Site GUILFO A . RD V A

R IN A . H O E D

. R

. O V AD W

YD A A W R RD. O

B E T DREXEL RD. E

S G

H K

E D I T

A RCLEMS ON E R U

O W U K O

F N A RD. M E O T

V ECH R BE WOOR A DD. A

D AMHERST RD.

E U ALBIO N N RD.

V D

A N

E C

IS R E

E T O R D

IM E O

T V

H I L 0 240 480 960 1,440 R A Feet R B ST.

252 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Calvert Hills (66-037) NRHD Calvert Hills is defined by a variety of architectural styles and building types ranging from high-style Calvert Hills, a cohesive neighborhood in northwestern designs to vernacular interpretations of these elaborate Prince George’s County, is an excellent illustration styles. Primarily, the domestic buildings in Calvert of the residential development on the outskirts of Hills were constructed from the 1890s to infill housing Washington, D.C., in the early twentieth century. The of the late 1990s. Building forms vary from large two- once rural property, historically part of the Calvert and-a-half-story brick and wood-frame dwellings to family’s Rossborough Farm and Riversdale Plantation, smaller bungalow and Cape Cods. Architectural styles was subdivided in response to the expanding suburban employed in Calvert Hills were often diluted, modest population, the development of the nearby Maryland examples of Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Craftsman, Agricultural College (now the University of Maryland and Tudor Revival styles. Also included in Calvert Hills at College Park), and the College Park Airport. The is an example of the stylistically and technologically middle- and upper-middle class suburban community, unique Lustron house at 4811 Harvard Road, which which is framed by major transportation corridors, was constructed between 1946–1950. The community developed further with the advent of the streetcar and is primarily made up of single-family dwellings, but also the automobile. The neighborhood was conceived as includes apartment buildings, a school, and post office. additions to the growing subdivision of College Park, Many of the properties include freestanding or attached which was located to the immediate north of Calvert garages and sheds. The buildings, particularly the single- Hills. The first of the 11 additions, “Fanny A. Calvert’s family dwellings, are buffered from the tree-lined public Addition to College Park,” was undertaken by the Calvert streets by sidewalks and grassy medians. Many of the family in response to many speculative development blocks are divided by alleys that provide access to garages opportunities. In 1945, the many additions to College and reduced on-street parking. Park were joined as the neighborhood of Calvert Hills in recognition of the prominent Calvert family and Currently there are no identified historic resources in incorporated as part of the Town of College Park. Calvert Hills. Public buildings in Calvert Hills include the 1938 Calvert Hill Elementary School (4601 Calvert Road) Calvert Hills is located north of what is now known as and the 1970 United States Post Office (4815 Calvert the Town of Riverdale Park, south of the area of Old Road), which is located on the site of the original post Town College Park, east of Baltimore Avenue (US 1), office for College Park. A one-story volunteer firehouse and west of the WMATA Metrorail/CSX railroad tracks. at 4813 Calvert Road, opened on August 1926 to serve These major thoroughfares provide access to commercial the growing community of Calvert Hills and Old Town and employment centers in the surrounding county and College Park. Even with two subsequent alterations, the nearby Washington, D.C. Baltimore Avenue, in particular, building proved too small for the activities of the fire ties the neighborhood to the commercial, aviation, and department, and was rehabilitated in 2005 to serve as a educational center of College Park. The first portion single-family dwelling. Despite the commercial growth of of the neighborhood, platted in 1907 and replatted in neighboring Old Town College Park and Riverdale Park, 1921, featured a grid-like plan of rectangular blocks Calvert Hills remains a purely residential neighborhood and straight intersecting streets. From 1928 through composed primarily of single-family and multiple-family the 1940s, Calvert Hills was enlarged further through dwellings that face tree-lined streets. the platting of adjacent parcels with a more curvilinear street pattern. Both the 1861 Martenet map and the No discernable changes have been identified since the 1878 Hopkins map document the residence of Charles listing of Calvert Hills as a National Register Historic B. Calvert; the later map also depicts the residence of District in December 2002. The boundaries of the district Eugene S. Calvert and D. G. Campbell and his wife Ella have remained intact; both the district as a whole and Calvert Campbell. the boundaries have retained their integrity.

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 253 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

R D .

MILL POWDER Greenbelt

RD. M (67-004) BEAVER DA

R BEA O VER DAM

R D.

Legend

Greenbelt Survey E D M O N D S T O National Register District N

Historic Resource R E . S D E R A L R IL C H

Historic Site H E R R D L O . E M I R T U L A RD. A L . B L P

R . .

N C H D L RC A BI U E L . IT N EM A D H . A PIR E O E CT I E T O W A G L W D P L Y D U G P RR I R R L HE J E C R . E . HILLSIDE D P N REENHILL RD. O L. K G N O O F I W O L R V E R R L A D Y . E C A S P LN G KLE N Y RD. . N IWIN T. G L ET D T ER G E . T E S P R G E E R H A CT. EN E K T L R ENWAY ORTHWA S E P N Y I

. E . PL L. HWAY

R R T . NORT I . H V A Y T C

D K L I N. M C GRE L

O ENDA L L A E D RD.

N R S T D O LA W D

P O O I O R L I . F D O LY N B D O G

W E

OSE W R E E

A R

Y S

D T

T . EN - CRESC RO AY AD W P ST A EA E R ID S K E K W A L R A LA D Y KE . R C VIE IR W D . C . R AP E HA M LEW S MILTO OO E N PL. D R N

C T RD. R

T I . Y D

D A G A . OLIVEW OOD G W ER R E T D N E T. C E N P RD C W IN . A E Y M C A R E T. N S TC D L Y A C A A N

. A K W P RD. R E W T I C E S D T . A R Y

R L E W K R E B S P D K E T N L O . GOLDE L T N A T C G W T N

W . I

D 1 H .

TRIANGL A 0 AS W EDR. R K Y W P

CAPITO . - R L DR. RE VE AY MO NO W LTI HA

H A M UT B SO A

N G D REENBELT A

N RD.

GR . EENBE LT DAN Y MAN W K P . R TERR D

M . T CE O NTER R ROAD Y O R A F R W K N I N S EE A R R. . O G D R OR FR R E A D N CANNING V O D N R A GL . TERR. H EN VER NO RETT HA B D R. L. . GREEN P DR BRO M OK D R. . N A L N D H MA A Y A TH A N E N O W W KA R V RA K D R E R Y . R C A A C T. W N ST. P A A Y

. P

T IT CR RAE N ADD B C A OCK L RD O N . A T N . W S T R B O G H R C C R E E N V D . Y E I T R I L R E N . L N D T N U D H N L A . P W A B D S E G L N R KE E N A E O A A E K S Y E O W R M R B H PK WY. G . W

V I

E R IN I N

L AG G

E D R

T E

. E R N .

R E BE IG

R T E H

R T H R C S O INGALE

D C S

A P

M G N . U

K D I T P C R.

C A R IN R T I T . T S R T C

I N L P R H E N S R .

G T A O E

S N S B G

S F L

B A P U

. 4 S M . E I

R S D E

R 9 H R N

G D I R. B D H I T 5 R N O R D C I Y R E D G E U T . & O T R R C R . D

B W N R W D 9 E . . R L 5 LK L

A O D A L W A

E EN E R GRE L

O Y A D M S D

I . A . R A . T E L R CT M IA E OL L I H D ERV D N CH I N . G

E . A S T WB D P M D U

R O C GH E GO R O G

V I R O W W N A E W I . L V E O S C O W

H A L D E E R L S L T E I

N . D M A

N U E D V S C E

. . R R F K

RA I C E T R S S . R D

R E I T D D

E D W A S E

D T D S L E

A E L N O

A . N

D D

L E . H R CT A O

L O N R T L K A R DR. . T I A W .

D T S A O D S

V D N E I R L . RD N O N C . E L

H R A E . A M DR R . W D S N V EL HTLEA G T FI

. IG R N B C G GREE R A A L B L D D D N I A D E

C T R R DOVER LN. D

N R G A Y A IFFAN

T T E T 5 C

O N H H 9 T C

O . T 2 M E L . Y R T L . G . R D L S N R A D L D EWBE E C T E Y R R L U SA R Y E R T H S A W A . R I R N E

T G L S R

RE O A L . N D A

D E B A

X K M V G

E N E C . A L . U ST

0 1.25 2.5 5 7.5 XL L O T F . M C H LE S A

P V E

C E D F 1ST I N 8

C T R KS 6TH E V A

N A R L

. T A

T H R R T R . E B G D

H E T E R L L D A I Miles L E S 5 T P H E A T W X H F . A 8 6 N

D R A

E Y 8 O T

R E

D S

T L

R B

254 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Greenbelt (67-004) NHL of the buildings reflect the popular styles of Art Deco, Moderne, and International style. Most buildings were Greenbelt is one of three New Deal-era planned constructed of concrete block with flat roofs, which were communities in the United States, designed as a “green practical, inexpensive to build, inexpensive to maintain, town” by the federal government. “Green towns” were and required little skill to construct, allowing for the a way to move low- and moderate-income families employment of lesser skilled workers. The commercial out of crowded urban areas and into smaller planned buildings were designed in the Streamline Moderne style communities with more job opportunities, while still and are two-story concrete-block structures covered in providing them with the convenience of a large urban brick veneer. area nearby. Historic maps depict the rural origins of the area that The farmland of suburban Maryland was determined to would become Greenbelt. Both the 1861 Martenet map be an ideal setting for the first green town. Designers took and the 1878 Hopkins map show scattered farmsteads in advantage of the crescent-shaped plateau in the design the area. The maps illustrate the locations of the Turner and construction of the community, using the curves of and Walker farms. All that remains of these farms the landscapes as their guide. Commercial, recreational, are family burial plots. These two cemeteries, along public, and educational buildings form the nucleus of with another burial ground, are designated as historic Greenbelt. Residential housing interspersed with parks, resources and are owned by the City of Greenbelt. recreation areas, and religious buildings wrap around the commercial core. Between 1935–1937, the federal There are few visible changes in the district since its government constructed 574 group houses in 135 designation as a National Register historic district in buildings, 306 multifamily residences in 12 buildings, 1980. The buildings have remained remarkably free five experimental pre-fabricated detached houses, and of alterations and additions, most likely due to the rehabilitated seven farmhouses. The rowhouse is the cooperative housing that exists in Greenbelt. Minimal predominant building type in Greenbelt. By 1941, the alterations consist of cosmetic changes, including adding government was in need of housing for its defense vinyl siding, window replacements, removal of paint workers and constructed an additional 1,000 wood- from brick structures, and changing roofing materials. frame dwellings. The defense housing was arranged in There has been very little infill within Greenbelt. Most “superblocks” that face toward courts. of the infill dates from the 1960s and 1970s and consists primarily of community and religious buildings that Greenbelt’s success and popularity was due to several are complementary in design and style to the original different planning concepts, including moderately priced buildings constructed in the 1930s. Roosevelt Center, housing in a garden or park setting, cluster housing, the commercial center of Greenbelt, was restored in the superblocks with interior green space, an interior sidewalk 1990s. As part of this restoration, the neon sign of the system that separated pedestrian traffic from vehicular Greenbelt Theatre has been restored, complementing the traffic, a central core of commercial, civic, recreational, Streamline Moderne design of the theatre. The National athletic, and park facilities, and a surrounding belt Historic Landmark (NHL) nomination notes that only of open space that created a pastoral setting and was one building, one of the defense houses, has been intended to preclude future development. demolished. The district has remained a very cohesive The architecture of the community reflects its and intact community since the NHL designation in purpose and function. Minimally ornamented, most February 1997.

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 255 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

P N A R B C OAD R M

K E A W L P

E H I A T

T T T H Y A 9 T R E

D 4 L 0

H K O N 5 ENN R T E T BU A N I 0 K S TE V L KE 5 RR NE 1 A S E C A E E W 5 E U C N E V Berwyn Heights A A IRO QUO L IS P

H D U D S R RO 3 N TR 5 N E ET A S P (67-022) L R S I I N IN G D GERO H IA NIM I N O S L FO STR D TR L X EET N EE 2 T ST 5 F D OX S R TR IV H S TREE EE T T T E 0 S 5 PR E IN RIE EUTPA D G LWACE O H ST IL L O L E A RIEST N W REET E T E REE N E D ST A ELA L D WAP LRAECE O L E E AR IL H W A C DEL H R A G L N P I CRE LANE R E Y A P S W K R A P CHEYENNE PLACE H T 0 NO 5 RT C H H E E N C A R EN T L O KEE STREET ER N D S RI O O U VE I TH Legend T A T CE S NT ER

BLACKFOOT D PLACE RIV E B T REEZ K EWO N S OD A Y B 1 R 5 DRIV R E BR Berwyn Heights Survey E EE H ZE ST C W R E AM OO APACHE E T STREET L D C E D B A R N I 5 L V E E 1 P E

S E R

T TC Historic Resource G S A

1L A E

5P V N

E A BRANCHVILLE N T L D U S O

1 E O 5 Historic Site ROAD W Y

E ROAD H C GREENBELT N

T 5 R O S 9 UTE T N

H O

E M U D E

N E A E U V 1 V N 9 E 3 A E N V U E A T E E E C U U U GRE M N ENB N S E E E EH LT E H E V U ST NOL T R EMI E S A N E V 7 T E

E 5 U A D

V N R D A E E 3 A 6 E U LE V 6 O 0 O IN V M A SE ST R EET I T ST R N T REET SE R S E MINOSLT E H E EREE M C T D INO V LE U PLA CE M A S W H E E T RUATAN H L 6 N 5 L N O ATA STREET S T A RU T S RE P B E L N D T A O N C H E 2 E M T U QUEBEC 6 D R N H E

E T O V E A 8 U 5 W E N L U PL E I N A E E QUEBEC C V E V C A U A N A BE N E M R E K O W V T YN A S O H TR P T P EE 7 ONT T 5 E IAC U N M 1 E A 0 V H 2 D D A G R A N 3 I 6 O N R E H T N A T 5 5 V S U OS U TRE A E GE C ET O T ST N R E REET U RE E ST E DE 5 U E TRO 7 O E AITVE N H NUE T O R S A U A E V H G A I E V N N E V E T N E A U O V R N R T A E S R U S I N V O O N H D EDR A A CO S O SPTARKR E T T E IV T R D EE M R WES H E H E T T C X D T A C E E O A V 8 H P A U A 5 N W T E L C A N L V N P 4 IN

T E I CI H 5 N E U A T NA S V N T N E I 5 H A H E 5 U A

T K

E D C DRIVE

A 0 V R E U N 6

U 3

E E

E N E 5 6

U U N U R E B C

N N I E I N U N R A

H V W E E E

L G

N H Y D E V V E N H V E P

H T R U R H A A G T TA V O 0 N S 3 1

U A C E CH 0

4 6 E 6 A I R H

M 6 0 V A 5 D ROAD A A E V 2 R E L E N H D T D C D R A N I U VE O L T T A R E A E N 5 N O V E I U L 5 A EN V E L AV R

L T E A A NEVA N NY DA BUA C AD A T K D ALB TNEERLR RO T LA E CE E A U S I TR V E R N ET O E E A A N V V M T

A E

A S W L N U ART U E HM L

U I EN OR E O AV S E V V R ND W ASS DR HMO A AR IVE C E RI V DR E IV E E T N A B G U V R E E E M P I AW E N A N R I U Y U N E R BR N N I E E E N U V V W A W O N E A L P E T E A L T H E U IL VE M L L S I N U E T D H A S RO N R S E AD T N O E L H N 5 E E C 5 M V Y R A D A E O L E

V A I Y N E D

R V R O I D D S A R R D

D I M U V

H E

N O T CI EL H TA D D IG R E IV R E C D A O E R E

V U I

R N

D E E V U A N

E KN V OX A VI LLE DR IVE

N H

E O T

F T L R I F R T S TOA I N L O O VE N N L C UE O D Y W

A A L I D C R B OL E L N EGEA VE E NUE E E K U U

N N L E E EH E I DV GH V R NA U E OA A D 2 N D I 5 E O S V G R A A E R E C V V I I A RA RE D H CO D E L O 1 C U C LEA L A U GV N EE L 0 N O U I Y N E E F R 2 E A V FB V E A E A L EHIG U H N P RO E AIN AD D V T R A IV KN E OX N CA O D LV R T O ER OA N T E D S G B CALVE 2 R D RT N A A I 5 O E C N S I C C H R M T H H IC E D AG R D U C O L A O V V A E R I EN D OA O U O R D E R

E P V A I R R 0 500 1,000 2,000 3,000 D K W A Feet Y

256 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Berwyn Heights (67-022) The town remained small and largely undeveloped until after World War II (1941-1945). Between 1924–1955, Berwyn Heights was established as a late-nineteenth- the number of houses in Berwyn Heights grew from 65 century railroad and streetcar suburb approximately houses to 316 houses. In 1945, town residents resisted eight miles northeast of Washington, D.C. The being incorporated into College Park. The southeastern community is roughly bounded by Greenbelt Road on portion of the community was largely undeveloped until the north, Edmonston Road on the east, the subdivision the 1950s, when several developers resubdivided portions of College Park Estates on the south, and the railroad of Berwyn Heights. Greenbrier Knolls was platted in tracks of CSX (formerly the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 1955. The subdivision, consisting of approximately ten tracks) on the west. acres, was one of the earliest post-war resubdivisions in In 1888, Edward Graves platted Charlton Heights, a Berwyn Heights. It was followed by the subdivisions of large subdivision comprising roughly 380 acres to the several lots and the larger College Knolls (1960). By 1970 east of the Washington Branch of the Baltimore and Berwyn Heights was fully developed. Today the Town of Ohio (B&O) Railroad tracks. Lots in the subdivision were Berwyn Heights has approximately 3,000 residents and long and narrow, approximately 50 feet wide and 100 1,000 dwellings. feet deep. The Charlton Heights Improvement Company The town is primarily residential with limited subsequently purchased the entire subdivision from nonhistoric commercial and industrial development Graves in September 1888. Initially, development in the located along Greenbelt Road, 55th Avenue, and Ballow community was slow, but by 1890, approximately 20 Avenue. The community contains approximately 1,000 houses had been erected. Several of the earliest houses in primary resources constructed between circa 1790 and the neighborhood were mail-order plan houses, typically the present, with the majority of buildings constructed ordered from R.W. Shoppell’s Cooperative Building Plan between circa 1950 and circa 1965. The oldest house in Association of New York City. In 1896 the subdivision the neighborhood is known as Sportland (67-005) at was incorporated as the Town of Berwyn Heights. The 5933 Natasha Drive. neighboring subdivision of Central Heights, located just west of Berwyn Heights, was also incorporated in Berwyn Heights contains a collection of popular late 1896 as Berwyn. The Berwyn name is believed to be nineteenth- and early twentieth-century residential taken from a Presbyterian chapel constructed in 1890 in architectural styles including Queen Anne, Stick, Central Heights. Second Empire, Colonial Revival, Craftsman, Dutch Colonial Revival, and numerous illustrations from the By the turn of the twentieth century, Berwyn Heights’ Modern Movement. At least four of the earliest houses location along improving transportation routes, such as in the neighborhood are examples from R.W. Shoppell’s the new streetcar line, sparked additional growth. The Cooperative Building Plan Association. It appears that community was one of many in this rapidly developing there are also several mail-order kit houses from Sears, part of Prince George’s County to be serviced by the Roebuck and Company. The largest concentration of city and suburban railway, which reached the area in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century houses 1890s. By 1910 the small town contained just over 150 in the neighborhood is located along Ruatan Street, residents in 38 houses. In 1915, these neighbors formed between Berwyn Road and 60th Avenue. The streets are the Berwyn Heights Association in an effort to improve typically lined with mature trees, many of which were the streets, sidewalks, lighting, and the community in planted by the Berwyn Heights Association in the first general. In 1921, the Potomac Electric Power Company quarter of the twentieth century. The older houses in the reached its minimum requirement of 50 subscribers and neighborhood typically have deeper setbacks than the extended electrical service to Berwyn Heights. mid-twentieth-century development.

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 257 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

V I S R T D RE Avondale ET

D R (68-000) O F G N O L

1 9 T H 2 0 E T C H E

Legend A U L T N P E E E V R T A S Avondale Survey

T S 1 2

T H S T 1 T IN 20 2 E GR RE AH ST AM STR A A EET V V E E N N U U E E

M HA RA ING

. L P

E L

D R N US SE O LL V A

S A HA L YD L A EN

L E

R WOODREEVE O A

WARD MAN

R R O O A

A D

R O A D A VO D R A N RO O P A

A L A V

D C E E N

E TON RIGH E B C A

L 2 P . 4 IR T N C H SO R A L C E P R A U H S C S S E N L E L QUE

2 2 1 2 S N T D

0 500 1,000 2,000 3,000 S T R E E Feet T

258 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Avondale (68-000) Dutch Colonial Revival, and illustrations from the Avondale is a mid-twentieth century automobile suburb Modern Movement. Common building forms include located near Eastern Avenue. The community is bounded Cape Cods, ranch houses, and minimal traditional by Queen’s Chapel Road on the south, Russell Avenue houses. Houses are constructed almost exclusively of on the east, Ingraham Street on the northeast, Chillum brick, although other materials appear as cladding, Road on the north, and LaSalle Road on the west. including weatherboard siding, vinyl siding, and stone veneer. Stone veneer appears frequently on the facades The community consists of several subdivisions including of the dwellings, typically covering the first story of the Avondale Grove (1937-1946), Avondale Terrace (1945- building, or used decoratively as quoining. 1946), and North Avondale (1950). Taking advantage of a prime location near the District of Columbia Almost all of the houses in Avondale Grove and Avondale and established communities such as Hyattsville and Terrace feature one-car garages, typically attached to Brentwood, Section One of Avondale Grove was platted the dwelling. The garages reflect the importance of the in 1937 by the D.C. Developing Company, Inc. Avondale automobile in this commuter suburb. The houses in Grove was advertised in The Washington Post as “Priced the earlier subdivisions tend to be smaller and more Within Your Means $6,950-$7,450-$7,550 and $7,750.” modest in design, typically one-and-a-half stories in The development was planned to include 200 houses and height. Dwellings in the northern portion of Avondale “one of the most complete parking and shopping centers Grove and in Avondale Terrace tend to be slightly larger in the neighborhood.” An article on the development two-story houses, often with side and rear porches and noted that “All homes in this development will be the additions. The curvilinear streets of Avondale were most modern in floor arrangement and equipment and designed to take advantage of the hilly topography of nothing but the best materials and the most skilled the community. In North Avondale, the subdivision is craftsmanship will be employed in their construction.” constructed completely of two-story, Modern Movement twin dwellings of masonry construction with flat roofs. Avondale Terrace, located directly north of Avondale These buildings were all constructed in 1950. Grove, was platted in 1945 by Avondale Park, Inc. North Avondale, platted in 1950, is located north of Chillum Avondale is exclusively residential, although some Road and northwest of the larger Avondale community. nonresidential development surrounds the larger North Avondale consists exclusively of two-story twin neighborhood. The Redemptoris Mater Seminary dwellings of brick construction that were designed by of Washington is located west of the community, architect Harry Kessler and constructed by O’Hara Washington Gas and Light Company is located to the Corporation. north, the Hyattsville Metrorail station is located to the northeast, and large apartment complexes are The community contains a variety of modest buildings located southeast and northwest of the community. One constructed between 1937 and 1950. There are a number commercial building, a bank, is located southwest of the of popular twentieth-century styles represented in neighborhood on Queen’s Chapel Road. Avondale including the Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival,

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 259 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

DREXEL CLAGETT- OLLY RD. H .

R .

D ILL R D H D. E CLEMSO T N R

B K

S E U A E

R G W R

E R D

N D I O

. R F

. K RD. D E Riverdale Park R P A H U T

I O U N N U N E E O D OOD BEECH W V E M A R RD. T & West Riverdale PaWrk R A O R D W I O AY V

D E

S R T (68-004, 68-093) . AMHERST RD S . T .

ALBION RD.

N V

E A

ST RE ET P Legend KW Y D . A O R

Riverdale Park Survey A

S I H

TU C CK E R E E MA T E N R R D West Riverdale Survey O E . O V T M I I

H R C

R SHE L RIDAN

A National Register District B ST. H T 4 4 TUCKER S MAN ST. T.

Historic Resource . E Ö . L V S E O P A ME V RS E . A T E

D WE V S A R × Historic Site N T O R T D. H L T L SH 8 E . R O H ID T 4 AN T R S . 5

E R 4 A V R H . A C A VE T

L NSW ST E 7 O .

P OD 4 L

A E

. V E R A RD. I B C ×Ö ST. × QUE ENSB . URY E

V .

H A

H H

E D

T R

T I T V

E V R RDA R 4 6 L D 4 E . A

4 4 H

4 4 T O LIVE × H R 9

A 4 R R T. I ST. OLIVER S S RD. O N × . E × V O A GLET HORPE R

O × L Y A ST. A T ST. OGLETHORPE V E . NI A C D HOLS V N ON

E A L

. E V E ST. L C . 4 R T. 7 D S T E H MAD ISON ID E S N T. RS ADISO RIVE M U

N D N L E ONGF A ELLOW V L

S A I D

E O

R ELLOW O LONGF O A W KENNEDY M I V ST. E

T E L

L H . G

A N T B A ST. 5 T

. JEF D FE R RS ON . E L E × D A V O F ×Ö A IN . H G A R E . A Y R H S V E A E T M . A

V T

A T H E ING A R M P A ILT HA ON L M HAMILTON .

ST. ST GA . H L × LATI T ST. N

3 4 ST. ST.

×Ö H R T T O 6 L S × 4 1 Y 5 A T S E T. V

. H E T

7 V 4 A ¯ E H U N ST. T E 9 V DE 4 CA A 4 TU 2 R N EM D . ER E S O P N V L A . EM ER E SO D 0 405 810 1,620 2,430 N A S . U T. O E ST N . R Feet V E A V .

A E H H T T V 6 0 A 4 5

260 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Riverdale Park (68-004) NRHD and The construction of dwellings in Riverdale Park began in West Riverdale (68-093) NRHD 1890. The buildings reflected popular trends of the time and were of wood-frame construction. Some structures The subdivisions of Riverdale Park and West Riverdale were pyramidal-roof Foursquares, while others had front- developed in the late nineteenth century as streetcar gable or cross-gable roofs. Many houses from this period suburbs. Both are included in the Town of Riverdale have projecting bays, corner towers, and wraparound Park located approximately seven miles northeast of porches. By the turn of the twentieth century, Riverdale Washington, D.C. The town is bounded to the west by the Park comprised 60 dwellings, a Presbyterian church, a heavily traveled US 1 and bisected by East West Highway. schoolhouse, and a railroad station. The new community straddled the Washington line of the Baltimore and Ohio The area was first developed in 1801 when a Belgian Railroad, which provided residents an easy commute to aristocrat, Henri Joseph Stier, purchased 800 acres Washington, D.C. Recognizing the financial potential of situated between two tributaries of the Anacostia River the new suburb, builders purchased groups of lots that known as the Paint and Northwest branches. Stier and were soon improved by high-style single-family dwellings. his family moved to America several years earlier to The success of Riverdale Park prompted the platting of escape the advance of the French Republican troops. He West Riverdale in 1906. Growth was relatively slow until named his holdings Riversdale (Historic Site/NHL 68- 1915 when local real estate developer Walter R. Wilson 04-005) and began constructing his residence that same purchased 200 unimproved lots and quickly began year. The mansion was modeled after the Stier family’s construction of modest single-family dwellings to meet Belgian home, Chateau du Mick, and was completed in the demands of the increasingly suburban population 1807. In 1803 Stier and his wife Marie Louise returned in Prince George’s County. On June 14, 1920, the to Belgium. Riversdale was given to their daughter, community was incorporated as the Town of Riverdale. Rosalie, who had married George Calvert, the grandson Numerous annexations in the mid-twentieth century of the fifth Lord Baltimore, in 1799. have increased Riverdale’s overall size. Late twentieth- In 1887, the heirs of Charles Benedict Calvert conveyed century growth was predominantly commercial and 474 acres of land to New York City businessmen John centered along Baltimore Avenue, thereby physically and Fox and Alexander Lutz who planned on creating an visually separating West Riverdale from Riverdale Park. upper-middle-class residential suburb for residents In 1998, the town was officially renamed Riverdale working in Washington, D.C., and Baltimore. The land Park. Today, the town is made up of a mix of housing was platted in 1889 and was named Riverdale Park. In an styles including 1960s apartment buildings, pre- and attempt to differentiate the historic plantation known post-World War II era buildings, as well as dwellings as Riversdale from the subdivision, the “s” was dropped. from the turn of the twentieth century. Riversdale and The new roads were named in honor of U.S. Presidents its remaining eight acres were purchased from private and were arranged in a grid pattern that surrounded a owners in 1949 and is now a house museum operated by central ellipse that served as the site of the commuter M-NCPPC. train station, the first of which was constructed in 1890. Laid out as a “villa park,” the community featured traffic In Riverdale Park, there has been some loss of commercial circles and green space, using the mansion as a central buildings along US 1 and East West Highway. Despite amenity. The three original sections of the suburb this minimal loss, the boundaries of the districts are utilized relatively uniform lot dimensions and building sufficiently intact to convey the significance of Riverdale setbacks, thereby creating a cohesive development of Park and West Riverdale as reflected in the National middle- and upper-middle-class housing. Register listings of December 2002.

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 261

. .

Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities R D

AD D R

EL E

S G P E

BU D

E I H R V I I D R R R O R R D

D ST 4 E F K . 1 . . . A N RD P S E U I O T G N A E N HW VE L E BEE C O N L D OD D O . O E A C Hyattsville R O R WA W Y T R W D S H O R D EL T AMHERST W O . I O S V E O E S L D T Residential Area S . W T R H TE RACE C E BEE ALBION . U

N (68-010) D. VE A R VE 4

A 1 T LEDO S ST O 4 T . R 0 . D EET T R

H PK D A W T A Y R O VE R . O N ES O . A E R Y S D N N R C TE A TUCK V ER MO I BEL E M × A T . N SHERIDAN L HIGH BA WAY H ST. T 4 EAST 4 ST . . .

PL VE . N Legend A TO W VE ST L A EL PL L ES 1 . O T AP 4 H H R . Q VE . C A T INT NA R U A ST 5 H A 4 Hyattsville Survey . VE . ST . T . A

OL E C

IVE R 7

PL E R V 4

RO QUEENSBUR E L Y A E AD

E T A

V V . . A . . R A E I

D RD. B C H H R VE National Register District PL E. T A ×Ö T VE ST. 5 4 A V

3 A × 3 E .

. × H V S E E T A H O L H

H H D

6 L D V

I T E. L

V H S VE ST P

T Historic Resource R 3 . O

T T A

0 R T R

Ö A V 1

7 E 4 6

H 4

4 D EN 3 3 A

4 3

4 4

E V 4

H 4

C N

. ST 4 U A . I O

MAN Q T 2 H LIVE N

O 4 R R 8 H H W PL ON A Historic Site PL 3 T E × O T IDA 4 R 9 ST. D O 9 1 OLIVER R O 3 D S R D D G 3 LE ISO . 3 A H R TH T 3 O T . O PL. 5 R VE . PE D A R 3 N N PL ICH N OLSO 2 N 4 ST. D ST OGLETHORPE N A . A VE

A N MAD L ICHO VE L ISO ST. E . SON N EV L

3 . . C D 9 . A T ST ST ST

3 RE . L

O 8 H ET P

R N E N T ISO D W H D MAD U GSTON N

N N N E O R . LIVI

H A 4

T O . 2 S N R L . 0 T

4 VE

E A R VE

T 0 S

L P M A I

D A M

. . H 4 MO

A E ST ST. W I J O V ONGFELL A L A VE ELLOW Y T ONGF 4 KENNED L L A VE H 2 T H 5 PL N T ST. BA 3 . . H D 5 T EDY ST. ST. KENN 4 5 H PL KEN 3 T H NEDY A A 6 H T VE A VE E 3 T 7 K . JE VE ST. D F 6 3 F E . 3 . N ER N JEFFERSO O VE SO N . . × ED H A IN N Y ×Ö G ST S R R . T. PL VE AH

. A AM INGRAHAM . H AMI PL L GAL HAMILTO T LT N ON IN ST. ST. D ST H H ST . AM N . ILTO T GA N 2 LL 3 ST. × AT 4 I E N × 4 ST. H ST V . G T A A AL IN LAT 6 E

VE ×Ö E H PL ×× 4 4 × V V × T 0 A H A . E. 6 T × . E. T V × ST. 3 H H H V 6 PL A 4 × ×T T A T AGU 3 FARR A 0 7 7 H H H VE T 4 3 T T H × T 8 C 7 . 9 3 R . ST 3 IT N DE 4 T RSO 4 CA 2 T EN ME UR D E4 N 1 E D N PL ST EME PL E R . S U O P . N N L × ST . . . BU VE H H . A C . T T ST ST 6 0 . H VE R H 5 AN ECATU 4 VE A ER D T C PL ST. BU A R LISON AN N 4 R IT AL 3 4 T N C LIN EN 7 . ×4 R G D H T T . 1 O E BA I N N T ST H H . H ST N T R

D E 8 ST T T T BU . 3 T 8 PL 0 SO E C V RD. N H I 3 . 4 DE AN WINDOM PL A EE N AN R H ST M R ST × ST . . E ST T . . . . D 9 ST ST U 3 ST ST

. N WIN 1 BU

DO 4 C. CH E ER M L V AN WEBST ST. H R . A ROUT AN

D R MENT A T WALL D 9 AC O 3 E WO VO W DR. TANGLE ST. L EB VARNUM TA S TER ×Ö RD 3 . VE OM 8 A ND . T WI ST ST. H UR . ER

UPSH ST ST

T S . E WEB × . R . H ST. T D ST

0 ST R UM O

EN × M N

ILD U 4 T . I

ST T VAR . A T H ST

L . R ST. H . U T .

R H SH A

YLO 0 B P A T L T 4 PL ER U AN ST T 6 4 H ST. . E T E ERD × G R EPH ST SH 3 . A 7 T O 3 D T 6 T . S T SHE O W AL 3 T H P HER O L D O I 5 H ST C ST L T 1 W N 4 ST H ST × EY N . . E . N SH EPH K . RD. ST ERD PE ST. 39 T BUNKE . ×Ö 4 H R RD 8 HILL

ST T

4 3 4 × 4

ST 8 H

3 . 3 T 4 0 4 × H 0 T 2 ¯ ST . ×Ö R

T H N QUINCY T S ×Ö D Y H 4 D D × N C ST 1 AD .

A N . ST . I ×Ö SL U RO I Q . A Q

3 . × 3 ST VE U I

7 ST 8 NCY ×Ö T T ST

H . H . ST. A . × 3 D V D 7 T O A E R T. W VE . S H O K E 3

0 500 1,000 2,000 3,000 ×Ö 3 L 7 . . E L 5 PL KW T ST N S E T . Feet . H O ST IL H AR R P N W O S T MO R

. T H

262 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Hyattsville Residential Area (68-010) location along the railroad and turnpike, suburban NRHD development was slow until the extension of the streetcar lines in 1899. Hyattsville grew throughout the The Hyattsville residential area is an example of the many early twentieth century with no less than 25 additions, residential subdivisions that emerged in Prince George’s subdivisions, and resubdivisions by 1942. With the County in the late nineteenth and early twentieth end of streetcar service and the rise of the automobile, centuries to support the burgeoning population of Hyattsville evolved into a successful automobile suburb, the nation’s capital. Hyattsville is located six miles with a commercial corridor along Baltimore Avenue that northeast of Washington, D.C., and 30 miles southwest represents the city’s several phases of development. of Baltimore, Maryland. The Hyattsville residential area, along with the commercial area (68-041), comprise Residential buildings make up most of the community, the Hyattsville National Register Historic District. The with a commercial corridor on the eastern boundary historic district is roughly bordered by Baltimore Avenue along Rhode Island and Baltimore Avenues. The (US 1) to the east, the Northeast Branch of the Anacostia buildings reflected late nineteenth- and early twentieth- River to the southeast, and the Northwest Branch of the century architectural trends, particularly the Queen Anacostia River to the southwest, with the Baltimore and Anne, Craftsman, and Colonial Revival styles. Examples Ohio (B&O) Railroad tracks (now CSX Transportation) of the Shingle, Stick, Italianate, and Modern Movement running north-south along the south/southeastern appear in the neighborhood, but minimally. The above- boundary. ground resources date from circa 1860–2000. Building uses include single-family, multifamily, commercial, Hyattsville developed as a railroad suburb in the mid- industrial, governmental, educational, religious, nineteenth century and expanded with the early and social. The residential buildings of Hyattsville twentieth-century advent of the streetcar and automobile. are typically set back from the tree-lined streets on Anticipating the development of a residential suburb to rectangular building lots. Many of these properties have serve the growing population of the District of Columbia, driveways to the side of the primary resources, several Christopher C. Hyatt purchased a tract of land in 1845 with freestanding garages at the rear. adjacent to the B&O Railroad and the Washington and Baltimore Turnpike (now Baltimore Avenue) and began There are no visible changes in the residential area since to develop town lots. The 1861 Martenet map shows a the amended National Register Historic District was group of residences, Hyatt’s store, and the B&O station listed in 2004. The amended district now includes both stop. Hyatt’s Addition, which was successfully platted in the commercial area (68-041) and additional residential 1873, was followed by numerous additions subdivided buildings. The boundaries of the district have not been by other developers. The Hopkins map of 1878 depicts significantly compromised and both the district as a further development and the platting of additional roads whole and the boundaries retain their integrity. in the community. Despite Hyattsville’s advantageous

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 263 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities GAL LTIN ST H AMILTON VE .

A L E Brentwood V A TH VE. (68-012) TH P A 36 CH TH A 36 U TH N 37 TH PL. C C E 37 38 RITTENDEN R YP D L . . Legend . T BUCHANAN Brentwood S . L Historic Resource P ALLISON 37 ROAD . Historic Site TH

TH TH PL RD. 38 . WINDOM 38 T S S TH T . . T 39 S WINDOM

T. H . WEBSTER S T RD

WINDOM RD WALL 9 3 AC VOL W E EBSTER ST. EBSTER W VARNUM TA

ST. 38

ST. TH UPSHUR ST C . E ST. TH D S TILDEN U 40 T S . A TAH T R T. . A . S TH VE YLOR L LANE TA 40 P . . S T. . SHEPHERD37 ST S 36 T ST

TH ST . A 35 ST. TH ST ST L NWOOD LEY TH . 41 33 T RD. S EN

RD P . 39 . TH ST 38 LL S TH 40 HI T . . D

S TH S S AN T S

T T T UINCY .

. SL

. I Q .

. . 7 3 T

ST 38 S

H T T PERRY H ST. 37 A W T VE. E H 37

3 5 E

3 6 KWOOD 0 1.5 3 6 9 L P MilesHOD L L TH T H S

T H S AR R S . P . 264 . Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Brentwood (68-012) the congregation purchased a lot on the corner of Wells and Campbell Streets and a small, front-gable church Brentwood is a late nineteenth-century railroad suburb. was soon constructed. Bartlett expended considerable Located to the west of the CSX railroad tracks (formerly effort to have the swampy areas of his landholdings the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad tracks), the community drained, allowing for the further expansion of his is bounded by the residential neighborhoods of North original subdivision. By the end of the first decade of Brentwood, Mount Rainier, and Cottage City. The the twentieth century, there were 15 dwellings standing pattern of development in Brentwood followed closely in the Holladay Company’s subdivision and 36 in that of nearby Mount Rainier, Hyattsville, Riverdale, Brentwood. and College Park. The affordable prices, healthiness of the area, and the convenient location near the B&O In response to the increasing needs of the community, Railroad, made all of these communities popular choices the Brentwood Citizens Association was formed in 1903. for prospective buyers at the turn of the twentieth In spring 1922, the Maryland General Assembly ratified century. the charter of the community, officially establishing the Town of Brentwood. The explosive growth of The community of Brentwood was planned and platted Prince George’s County after World War II also affected by Captain Wallace A. Bartlett, a white commander of established communities like Brentwood. A garden- the U.S. Colored Troops during the Civil War. In 1887, apartment complex was built during the war in an effort Bartlett moved his family from Washington, D.C., to to provide an affordable and attractive alternative to the 206-acre Holladay farm located northeast of the single-family residences. During the 1950s, several city adjoining The Highlands (now known as Cottage of the earliest dwellings in the subdivision were City). Bartlett subdivided the property and named it the demolished and the lots were subsequently improved Holladay Company’s Addition to Highland. The northern with new houses that offered modern amenities dressed part of the Addition to Highland, now known as North in the most fashionable styles and forms. By 1965, the Brentwood (68-061), was often subject to flooding from community was fully developed. Today, the small Town the nearby Northwest Branch of the Anacostia River. of Brentwood remains a viable, well-planned residential These less desirable lots commanded lower prices and suburb with a racially diverse population of almost 3,000. were marketed toward African-Americans. Brentwood includes buildings that represent a variety of Already located near the Highlands railroad station, uses including residential, commercial, industrial, and the extension of the streetcar line in 1898 made the religious. Public buildings include a town hall, senior Holladay Company’s Addition even more desirable center, and fire station. The majority of buildings were to prospective buyers. Nearby communities were all constructed between 1900 and circa 1945. Common experiencing tremendous growth because of the ease of building forms include I-houses, front-gabled dwellings, public transportation into the District of Columbia. To L-shaped plans, detached rowhouses, American take advantage of this, Bartlett formed the Brentwood Foursquares, bungalows, Cape Cods, and ranch houses. Company. The group platted Clemson Place, more The architecture of Brentwood includes vernacular commonly referred to as Brentwood. The Brentwood interpretations of popular late nineteenth- and early name was taken from the nearby Brent family property, twentieth-century architectural styles. Houses in which was located approximately one mile inside the Brentwood are typically modest and have minimal boundary of Washington, D.C. The Brentwood plantation ornamentation, indicative of their use for middle-class was established by Robert Brent, the first mayor (1802– residents. The community is set on gently rolling hills 1812) of the District of Columbia. and flat land. The rectilinear grid of the community is As the population of the subdivisions grew, so did bisected by some angled and curving streets that resulted the needs of the residents. Early residents of the from later resubdivisions of lots and parcels. Houses community worshipped at a nearby barn located close are usually set rather close to the road with minimal to the intersection of Dewey and Wells Streets. In setbacks. 1904, under the leadership of Reverend A. L. Hughes,

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 265 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities E V . A . E.

R L V H D CH P A CH AU T I 7 LL N N H H U 3 M C T T W E Y 7 8 . O 3 3

D ST R PL R D Mount Rainier N . .

EE (68-013) U Q BU C . HAN A . ST N . L ST PE 31 L A S P CH T LISON P AD AL 3 N 3 L O R 7 O 0 2 . H S T 7 LI T T . H T L H A ST H 8 3 H 2 T 3 2 8 9 . RD N 3 . S T 3 WINDOM T H D 1 . ST

Legend T ST DEL

UN ER ST H Mount Rainier Survey AR . WEB ST. DOM RD T WIN 9

ST VO 3 National Register District ST 2 . STER ST. LT 8T . WEB VARNUM A Historic Resource H

4 P ST. 3 M T U 8 Historic Site L VARN H . T

ST. ST. H R R A UPSHUR PSHU A VE U C IN

E ER . H D ST. T

2 0

A DEN 8 IL U 4 3 T ST T R

T 0 AH H T A . . H ST V A VE R E AYLO . L T . ST . A 3

3 R 2 TAYLO N . 1 T N S E ERD S H EP ST D SH 3

T 7 3

. 6 T ST SHE AL 3 T H PHERD . 5 ST H . S L T

S ERD EY H T ST. H 3 EP . SH T 3 . RD. R

ST D ST

. . 3 8 ST T NKER HILL H

BU . T S D S T Y S T C AN IN . L

. U . IS Q

3 .

7 ST T

PERR H Y ST . 3 7 W T E H 3 E 3 L L 5

D 6 PL O S T T H S T .

R H O H 3

T . IS 7

S A

S TH

E V T T .

ST. . . O AK N LN EW . T . ST O G . N ST R U SB H N T E 7 3 AD BL

0 375 750 1,500 2,250 3,000 Feet

266 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Mount Rainier (68-013) NRHD frame construction. With the exception of six architect- designed buildings, the majority of the buildings in Incorporated in 1910, Mount Rainier is located in Mount Rainier are vernacular interpretations of popular northwest Prince George’s County adjacent to the architectural styles and forms. The street pattern of northeast quadrant of the District of Columbia. Oral the community is an extension of Washington, D.C.’s tradition maintains that the community was named by rectilinear grid; however Mount Rainier’s grid is oriented its early developers, former army officers from Seattle, to the northwest. North-south streets are numbered in who named the area after the famed mountain in ascending order from west to east and east-west streets Washington state. Mount Rainier developed as an early are named and ordered alphabetically from south to twentieth-century streetcar suburb for the middle class, north. Rhode Island Avenue, a major diagonal route and the community retains a large and diverse collection through the District of Columbia, cuts through the of vernacular residences and commercial buildings southern portion of Mount Rainier. constructed between 1900–1939. Most of the buildings within Mount Rainier are Mount Rainier remained a rural, agricultural landscape residential, with the single-family dwelling as the until the early 1900s. Both the 1861 Martenet map and prevailing building type. The earliest buildings in the the 1878 Hopkins map show relatively little development community were constructed between 1900 and 1920 in the area that would become Mount Rainier. Roads and the majority have simple plans with minimal leading east to Bladensburg and west to Washington, ornamentation. However, the architecture ranges from D.C., appear on the historic maps. An early subdivision of high-style Victorian-era illustrations such as Queen the community in the 1890s failed, despite the arrival of Anne, Shingle, and Stick to vernacular interpretations a streetcar line in 1897 connecting Mount Rainier with of Greek Revival, Colonial Revival, and Craftsman. the District of Columbia. Between 1900–1910, eight Common building forms include the I-house, front different subdivisions were platted by various companies. gable with wing, American Foursquare, and bungalow. Construction slowly developed along the western edge Twelve mail-order houses by Sears, Roebuck & Company of Prince George’s County. Locally important real estate have been identified in Mount Rainier and reflect developers were involved in the development of Mount the Craftsman, Colonial Revival, and Dutch Colonial Rainier including J. Harris Rogers and his brother James Revival styles. Commercial buildings in the community C. Rogers, who were also responsible for developing are centered on Rhode Island Avenue from the District portions of Cottage City, Edmonston, Rogers Heights, line to Brentwood and on 34th Street from the avenue Hyattsville, and Riverdale Park. In most cases, lots to north of Bunker Hill Road. Many of the commercial were sold unimproved and contractors were retained to buildings are traditional flat-front forms and have design and erect the houses. Other lots were developed single-, double-, and multiple-store arrangements. by speculative investors. Further subdivisions in the Several of the commercial buildings combine residential 1920s and 1930s expanded the community to the north and commercial functions. There are five revival-style and to the east. The commercial area of what is now churches in the community that were designed by local “downtown,” developed around the streetcar station and architects, one of which was designed by Murphy & included grocery, hardware, and supply stores, as well Olmstead, a firm nationally known for its ecclesiastical as a bakery, pharmacy, and tailor shop. By the 1930s, buildings. Public buildings include several schools, a fire new businesses appeared along the commercial corridor station, and City Hall. of 34th Street and provided access to a movie theater, bowling alley, banking, and auto repair shops. The boundaries of the district have not been compromised and both the district as a whole and the boundaries retain The gently rolling landscape of Mount Rainier was their integrity, as listed in the National Register in 1990. developed from 1900–1940 and contains mostly modest, detached, single-family dwellings of wood-

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 267 H A R R IS O N Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

ST. D OGLETHORPE N A A V A L E

V E . V Hyattsville E E

. L C Commercial Area ST.

(68-041) ON E DIS D A U M N

E N A

E R L

A IS

W IM ONGFELLO L KENNEDY T L

Hyattsville Commercial A H

T ST. B ST. 5 National Register District 4

×Ö Historic Resource E . . ST D × Historic Site × E O ×Ö V . H A IN

E G R R V AH

A A

. M H L AM

P IL

T HAMILTON ON

N × T GA 2 LL 3 ST. AT 4 IN

4 ST. ×Ö H T

A × 6 E

V 4 V

E A

. ST. H

T × 7 4 ST. N DE RSO 4 CAT ME 2 UR E N D E M P E ER L S U O . N N S E T. V H T. A T R S 6 E ECATU H 4 V ¯ D T ST. B A 4 UR C 4 L ING R TO I N N T R 0 150 300 600 900 1,200 D. E Feet O T T BU S E E C V ND H × I A E EN AN A R M R N T E S T. D S

268 PreliminaryU Historic Sites and Districts Plan

V A Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Hyattsville Commercial Area (68-041) from 1900 through the 1950s and are more substantial NRHD in size and have larger setbacks to accommodate the automobile. A number of commercial properties are The Hyattsville commercial area developed along the US adjacent to residential neighborhoods. One of the 1 corridor as a commercial center for Hyattsville and the earliest commercial structures, built circa 1889, is nearby communities that emerged in Prince George’s located at 5121-5123 Baltimore Avenue. County in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to support the burgeoning population of The influence of the automobile on the community the nation’s capital. Hyattsville is located six miles resulted in the further commercialization of Baltimore northeast of Washington, D.C., and 30 miles southwest Avenue and Rhode Island Avenue. More than 50 of Baltimore, Maryland. The Hyattsville Commercial commercial and industrial buildings were constructed Area is included in the Hyattsville National Register along these roads between 1921–1954. Styles represented Historic District, which is roughly bordered by Baltimore along the commercial corridor include Art Deco, Art Avenue (US 1) to the east, the Northeast Branch of the Moderne, Colonial Revival, Neo-Classical, Tudor Revival, Anacostia River to the southeast, and the Northwest and International. The commercial resources are one or Branch of the Anacostia River to the southwest, with two stories tall, typically with flat or shed roofs obscured the Baltimore and Ohio (B&O) Railroad tracks (now CSX by parapet walls. Many of the two-story commercial Transportation) running north-south along the south/ buildings have abstracted patterned brickwork as the southeastern boundary. Commercial development is only element of ornamentation. A few of the one-story centered on the intersection of Rhode Island Avenue and resources display elements of the Art Deco, Art Moderne, Baltimore Avenue and Gallatin Street. and Colonial Revival styles. A substantial portion of the Hyattsville commercial area including both sides of US 1 Hyattsville developed as a railroad suburb in the mid- north of Jefferson Street is currently being redeveloped nineteenth century and expanded with the early as a comprehensively designed, mixed-use project. twentieth-century advent of the streetcar and automobile. Anticipating the development of a residential suburb to There have been some changes in the commercial area serve the growing population of the District of Columbia, since it was included as part of the Hyattsville Historic Christopher C. Hyatt purchased a tract of land in 1845 District in 2004. Revitalization and redevelopment adjacent to the B&O Railroad and the Washington and continues along the US 1/Baltimore Avenue corridor, Baltimore Turnpike (now Baltimore Avenue) and began including the new 21-acre “Arts District Hyattsville.” This to develop town lots. The 1861 Martenet map shows new development, located on both sides of Baltimore a grouping of residences, Hyatt’s store, and the B&O Avenue between Kennedy and Madison Streets resulted station stop. Hyatt’s Addition, which was successfully in the demolition of several buildings in the Hyattsville platted in 1873, was followed by numerous additions Historic District, including at least two contributing subdivided by other developers. Hyattsville developed buildings. The Lustine Center/Showroom has been gradually between the initial platting in 1873 to its final preserved and rehabilitated for use as a community addition in 1942. center that will be located in the center of the new development. Despite the demolition of the rear of Residential buildings make up most of the community, the building, the Lustine Center remains an important with a commercial corridor on the eastern boundary visual landmark in Hyattsville. Arts District Hyattsville along Rhode Island and Baltimore Avenues. Blocks on consists of new condominiums, rowhouses, art studios, Rhode Island Avenue south of Baltimore Avenue contain live-work housing, and retail space. Even with these the area’s oldest structures, which date to the 1880s. changes, the boundaries of the district have not been These buildings are typically two-story, smaller brick significantly compromised and both the district as a structures that are sited close to the street. Buildings whole and the boundaries retain their integrity. on Baltimore Avenue to the north were constructed

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 269 4 0 T H

A V Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities C E. R I TT EN D North Brentwood EN (68-061)

BU . C E . H A V Legend N A ER PL AN N North Brentwood Survey BAN National Register District . H L T Historic Site P 0 . 4 ST ST H T . . 9 . 3 ST ST WIN 1 DOM 4 RD WALLA CE W EB ST ER R D E . V A ST . . H D T 0 ST R U 4 . TAH H T . . 0 R 4 PL E ST T . E G . A T D T SHEP S O T HERD O O ST C 0 150 300 600 900 1 W FeSet T. 4 N . SHEP ST HERD PEN 270 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

North Brentwood (68-061) NRHD plantation was established by Robert Brent, the first mayor (1802-1812) of the District of Columbia. The The Town of North Brentwood, incorporated in 1924, is road that led from the old Brentwood plantation to the oldest incorporated African-American municipality Bartlett’s new subdivision was still known as Brentwood in the county. The small town is located south of the City Road and Bartlett applied the name Brentwood to his of Hyattsville and north of the Town of Brentwood. community. However, the name of Randalltown was North Brentwood was planned specifically for African- still used to define the black community located in American families by Captain Wallace A. Bartlett, a white the northern section of the subdivision. The unofficial commander of the U.S. Colored Troops during the Civil boundary between the two communities was Webster War. In 1887, Bartlett moved his family from Washington, Street (then known as John Street). The Brentwood D.C., to the 206-acre Holladay farm located northeast of Colored Citizens Association was established in January the city adjoining The Highlands (now known as Cottage 1907 under the direction of William Conway, who moved City). Bartlett subdivided the property and named it the into Randalltown from the District of Columbia in 1905. Holladay Company’s Addition to Highland. The northern Typical employment for the residents of Randalltown part of the Addition to Highland, now known as North included day laborers, domestic workers, seamstresses, Brentwood (68-061), was often subject to flooding from drivers and cooks. Some worked at the Government the nearby Northwest Branch of the Anacostia River. Printing Office, served as messengers at government These less desirable lots commanded lower prices and offices or porters for the railroad. The community also were marketed toward African- Americans. The Holladay had a grocer, barber, teacher, and school principal. In Land and Improvement Company sold the first lots 1924, Randalltown was incorporated and renamed in 1891 to Henry Randall, an African-American from North Brentwood, making it the first incorporated northern Anne Arundel County. By 1893, Randall’s son, African-American community in the county. Peter, constructed a dwelling on an adjoining lot. Within During the 1920s and 1930s, the population of several years, three other members of the Randall family North Brentwood expanded and improvements were purchased lots and constructed wood-frame dwellings undertaken at a greater rate than previously experienced. in the immediate vicinity. This northern section of By 1945, the town’s population was close to 1,500 and the Holladay subdivision was commonly referred to as boasted a new six-room schoolhouse, two wood-coal- Randalltown. ice dealers, three grocery stores, three beauty parlors, Early residents battled regular flooding, which was a barber shop, laundry, lumber yard, dentist, lawyer, exacerbated by an eighteenth-century mill race that notary, and a police and fire station. ran through the center of the community. In order Today North Brentwood remains a significant African- to alleviate flooding problems, Bartlett hired several American community; at the time of the 2000 census, residents to dig ditches to drain the mill race; the work the town’s population was 469. The historic district was completed by 1899. Living conditions for the was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in residents of Randalltown were considerably improved, 2003. Since then several buildings have been demolished although flooding continued to be a problem until the and others have been altered with the addition of vinyl 1950s, when the Bladensburg Pumping Station was siding, window replacements, and new roofing materials. constructed. Significantly, the construction of a large church By 1904, the entire subdivision was named Brentwood, complex, at the center of the community but outside the and a post office of that name was established. The name boundaries of the historic district, has lessened the low- Brentwood was taken from the nearby Brent family scale residential character of the town. North Brentwood property, which was located approximately one mile is also the site of the county’s planned African-American to the southwest in Washington, D.C. The Brentwood Museum and Cultural Center.

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 271 . Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities R D

E 4 ID 7 S T MAD H I R SON S E D T. RIV Edmonston N A LONG L FELL S OW (68-079) I

A ST V .

. JE D F R E FE . RS D E O L N O V . Legend A H A IN E G F R V R A A S H T A Edmonston Survey AM Y . H E IN AM T GR Historic Resource ILT T AHA ON E M

ST P S GA . L T. L . LATIN S R H T. O T T L 6 S 4 E Y 1 V A 5 T A .

E H V T A 7 4 H T 9 DE 4 CAT UR . E E MER V SON E A ME R . SO N E S S V T. T. A . H E T V D . 0 E A N L 5 V 2 P B A C 5 UR RIT . LI TE L N N P G D D TO EN N R N D 2 . 5

B E UC . H V E A I N V AN T ST R . A ST S . T D 1 D 5 S R 1 3 B 5 5 UCH C AN RI AN TT EN OD ST DE NGLEWO . S N TA T. R

D. .

O D D ND T. D

I R S R

W N

3 2

R 5 5 TE 5 BS WE T. VARNUM ST. M S NU 0 1 2 4 6 AR V . TI Miles ST LD UPSHUR RD. UR EN SH UP N O Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 272 T

O O

M M

D D

E E Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

L 7

A H

Edmonston Terrace A F V (68-102) A E

Y JE E FF E ERS U T ON N E T V A E

Legend IN GR AH Edmonston Terrace Survey AM

ST RE ET

HA MIL TON

E S U TREE N T E

STREET P

E L R U O A N L E Y V C A A T E

0 75 150 300 450 Feet

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 273 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Edmonston (68-079) and Edmonston ran between Bladensburg and Vansville. Soon after the Terrace (68-102) town’s incorporation, Robert Funkhouser, a developer of Mount Rainier, purchased several large lots south The incorporated Town of Edmonston was established at of Decatur Street (formerly Wells Avenue) where he the turn of the twentieth century as a commuter suburb resubdivided the land into approximately 40 lots, each located just northeast of the District of Columbia. The averaging 40 by 90 feet. Beginning in 1925, Funkhouser community is bounded by the Town of Riverdale Park built bungalows on each lot and quickly sold them. These on the north and east, the Town of Bladensburg on the bungalows were typically one-and-one-half stories in south, and the City of Hyattsville on the west. height with side-gable roofs and a full-width shed roof porch. Edmonston was originally platted in 1903 as two subdivisions: East Hyattsville and Palestine. Several In the 1930s, development slowed in the community houses in Edmonston predate the subdivisions and were due to the Depression and did not actively begin constructed in 1899 by Elisha P. Taylor. East Hyattsville again until after World War II, with the subdivision of was platted on approximately 70 acres of land by J. Edmonston Terrace. Platted in 1945 by Master Builders, Harris Rogers of Hyattsville. The plat included 170 lots, Inc., the nine-acre subdivision consisted of 41 lots. each approximately 50 by 200 feet, resulting in very Master Builders constructed nearly identical two-story, long, narrow lots. The smaller subdivision, Palestine, side-gable, brick houses on all 41 lots. The houses were was platted by Dr. Charles A. Wells as part of his dairy, marketed directly to veterans returning from the war, Palestine Farm. Twenty-five acres of this land was and featured a kitchen, living room, and dining room subdivided into 62 lots, each approximately 75 by 175 on the first story, and two bedrooms and one bathroom feet. Wells constructed approximately five houses for on the second story. As of the 2000 census, the town sale, the remainder of the lots were sold unimproved. population was 959 residents.

The community was home to a working middle-class Little has changed in Edmonston since the 1993 survey. population, many of whom were employed by the U.S. Edmonston remains a small commuter suburb, located Government as clerks, working for the Departments west of Kenilworth Avenue and east of Baltimore of War, Treasury, the Internal Revenue Service, the Avenue/Rhode Island Avenue. Buildings in Edmonston Printing and Engraving office, the post office, and the represent primarily residential use, with a few dwellings Department of Agriculture. Still other early residents rehabilitated for commercial use along Decatur Street, were employed by the local railroads and served as and several public buildings including the town hall engineers, telegraphers, and motormen. Edmonston was and recreation center. Buildings range in age from the also home to many who worked in the construction and late nineteenth century to the 1970s, with the majority building trades. dating from the 1890s to 1947. There is little modern infill within the community, but many buildings have As the East Hyattsville community grew, residents been altered by modest additions. Building forms desired to incorporate their community in order to represented include the I-house, front-gabled structures, provide better services. By 1920, over 103 families L-shaped plans, American Foursquare, bungalow, resided in 98 dwellings in the small, but growing minimal traditional, and ranch houses. Several structures community. In 1924, the town was officially incorporated are vernacular interpretations of popular styles, while as Edmonston. It is believed that the community was most represent the Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and named for Captain James Edmonston of Bladensburg, Craftsman styles. The topography of Edmonston is who in 1742 purchased 60 acres of land near what is relatively flat with most houses having flat or slightly now Edmonston. Edmonston Road, named for the sloping lots. Houses are typically set close to the road. same family, was also an early north-south route that

274 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

This page is intentionally blank.

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 275 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities . 4 H L H 1 T P T S 8 0 . 4 T 3 T H P S . S T T . T L 9 . T . Cottage City 3 S S W S 1 T. I 4 C H ND . 68-096 O L. OUT T M R AR MENTR 9 WALL D 3 AC VO W E L E TA BS TE R E 3 R D. V 8 A

T Legend H ST H . . Cottage City Survey T D 0 S R U 4 T. . Historic Resource TA R H H E T . T Historic Site 0 L 4 P S E T . G . T D A S S O T T T S T O . HEP HERD S W O 1 N C ST . 4 . T N SH RD. S E EPHE P RDST. 39 BUN .

TH KER HILL RD 4 3 S 4 4 8 4 0 4 T T 3 YH . 0 T 2 C T H 4 N R IN S H 1 D D U T. S Q . T. T A T 3 V S 8 S DT S E H T . O A . . 3 V D 7 O A R W T W V E E H K 3 E . T. L E P R 7 . S O L L A P T R S . H N E 3 P L O C

A 7 T . N M EN V H K O A R T 4

E R V W AV A 0 A E W E L . . W E 3 4 T E N 9 0 . N 3 T H 9 T G 38TH T H H R A H P T. U 3 3 V L S O 7 A B 7 E V . P S T T . A A E L N H H V . E K . Y A E E D P N T. A S V R . S L L E A . T E D N B . . C E O . N R Y RE K EN W K LA

0 1.5 3 6 9 Miles

276 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Cottage City (68-096) As a result, only one house from this period remains, the Rural Cottage at the Highlands (proposed Historic Cottage City is one of the smallest incorporated towns Site 68-096-20). From 1886–1888, Colonel Gilbert in Maryland and was established as a late-nineteenth- Moyers began amassing land by purchasing farmland century railroad suburb. The community is located and tracts of land in the failed Highlands subdivision. between the Town of Mount Rainier and the Town of In 1888, Moyers established The Highland Company Bladensburg near the US 1 corridor. and replatted the community. Moyers reconfigured the Located near the Eastern Branch of the Anacostia River, layout of the subdivision and divided many of the parcels much of the area now comprising Cottage City was into smaller-sized lots. originally swampland. In 1608, explorer John Smith After the economic depression of the early 1890s, the noted that the area was inhabited by Native Americans streetcar system expanded, encouraging suburban from the Anacostank tribe, who lived on what is now called development in the greater Washington, D.C. area. In the Anacostia River. The first settlement in “Yarrow,” 1897, the Maryland and Washington Railway opened a as the area around Cottage City was originally known, line that ended at Mount Rainier. By 1912 the streetcar line was established by 1697. During the early eighteenth was extended to Berwyn Heights. With the construction century, a water-powered grist mill was constructed in of the streetcar system in Prince George’s County, small the vicinity. Carlton’s Mill (later known as Moyers’ Mill), communities such as Cottage City, Brentwood, and located on property that is now bounded by Bunker Hill Mount Rainier grew into active commuter suburbs. By Road and 43rd Avenue, was the first mill constructed in 1914 the Highlands was resubdivided a third time and this part of Maryland. The mill operated until the late platted as Cottage City. Beginning in World War I (1914- nineteenth century and stood until its demolition in the 1918), Charles M. Lightbown began constructing one- 1950s as part of the Anacostia flood control project. Two story cottages there. These bungalows were primarily of the millstones still remain as part of the sidewalk on located on Bladensburg Road and 41st Avenue. Today, the 3700 block of 42nd Avenue. Cottage City remains a middle-class commuter suburb in Cottage City was the site of military activity during Prince George’s County. two wars. In August 1814, the Battle of Bladensburg The community contains a variety of buildings during the War of 1812 was fought in part at the site. constructed from circa 1914 to the 1980s. Buildings Almost five decades later, during the Civil War (1861- in Cottage City reflect a variety of popular twentieth- 1865), Camp Casey was established on farmland century styles including Craftsman, Spanish Revival, outside of Bladensburg in present-day Cottage City. and Modern Movement. The overwhelming majority of Martenet’s map of 1861 depicts little development in buildings (approximately 90 percent) are one-and-a-half- the area. The rural landscape contained a few dwellings, story bungalows with varying levels of Craftsman style Carleton’s grist mill, and a tollgate at the intersection detailing. Another common building type in Cottage of Bladensburg Road and Georgetown Pike. Cottage City is the one-story, flat-roofed Spanish Revival style City was originally platted in 1870 as a railroad suburb dwelling. These buildings are typically clad in stucco known as the “City of the Highlands” by a group of and have small porticos or entry porches topped by a Washington, D.C. developers. The community was shed roof covered with regularly-laid Spanish tiles. The advertised as “Overlooking Bladensburg and Hyattsville dwellings often feature arched openings, typical of the on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad…the future of Spanish Revival style. Other less frequent forms include suburban places about Washington!” Developers planned examples of ranch houses and other small side-gabled to build “cottages, villas, and dwellings,” using designs dwellings. The topography of the neighborhood is flat that were reminiscent of Andrew Jackson Downing’s and houses have only small setbacks from the street. Cottage Residences (1842). Despite the attractiveness A strip of commercial development is located along of the well-planned community, the subdivision failed Bladensburg Road. Many of these buildings are dwellings because there was inadequate public transportation. that have been adapted for commercial use.

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 277

Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities E

ST R Colmar Manor . . O

D M

R I

(68-103) S . T T . R E L

. A L T B P E . G T D A S O T T T O S W O 1 N C Legend 4 N S E HEPHE P RDST. Colmar Manor S3u9rvey BUN .

TH KER HILL RD 4 Historic Resource 4 4 S 4 0 4 T 3 Historic Site . 0 T 2 T H 4 N R AD H 1 D D O S R T. T A 3 V 8 S DT S E H T . O A . . V D O A R T. W V E S K 3 E . T. E R 7 . S O . A P T R T H N ES P L O C . N M EN K O A R R T 4 V W AV A W 0 A E E L . W E 3 4 T E N 9 N 0 H . 3 T 9 T 38T T H H G H R A H P T. U 3 3 V L S O 7 A B 7 E V . P S T T . A A E L N H H V . E K . Y A E E D P N T. A S V R . S L L E A . T E D N B . . C E O . N R Y RE K EN W K LA

0 1.5 3 6 9 Miles

278 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Colmar Manor (68-103) subdivision of Washington, D.C., which was “cramped for room and must expand.” Colmar Manor’s location The Town of Colmar Manor was established as a outside of the District of Columbia was “in the path of commuter suburb in the early twentieth century. The this expansion, half an hour from the center of the city.” community is situated south of Bladensburg Road, east Prospective buyers were encouraged to visit Colmar of Fort Lincoln Cemetery, and west of the Anacostia Manor by trolley car or by automobile, demonstrating River. the easy commute between Washington, D.C., and the During the War of 1812, the area now comprising new community. In 1920, the adjoining neighborhood portions of Colmar Manor was involved in a military of Lenox was platted, extending the grid pattern of clash between American and British forces. On August Colmar Manor’s streets. The Town of Colmar Manor was 24, 1814, during the Battle of Bladensburg, British incorporated in 1927, and in 1931 the Lenox subdivision troops quickly defeated the inexperienced American was added to the town. forces, and marched south to the nation’s capital where After incorporation, the town continued to grow and they captured and burned much of the city. Colmar residents soon appealed to the local government for Manor is best known as the site of nineteenth-century amenities. In the 1930s, the streets were paved, gutters dueling grounds (Historic Site 68-014). The most famous were installed, and a school and municipal building were duel took place between Commodore Stephen Decatur constructed. In the 1950s, lots along Bladensburg Road and James Barron. After a long-standing feud between were resubdivided and rezoned to provide space for the two men, Barron challenged Decatur to a duel in commercial development. Because of a rapid decline in 1820. Both men were wounded and Decatur died from the Colmar Manor area in the 1960s, the U.S. Department his injuries. The site, now located in a small park near of Housing and Urban Development authorized an 37th Avenue and Bladensburg Road, served as a dueling urban renewal project which resulted in the community ground for at least 26 recorded fights between 1808– being awarded over $8 million for improvements and 1868. revitalization. In addition to revitalizing the housing The Shreve house, constructed circa 1817, is believed stock and redeveloping the commercial strip along to be the first house built in the area and is noted on Bladensburg Road, streets were improved, affordable both the 1861 Martenet and 1878 Hopkins maps. The housing was constructed, and the Colmar Manor Park area around Colmar Manor remained farmland until the was established on the site of a former landfill. early twentieth century when part of the Shreve estate The community contains a variety of buildings was platted and subdivided as Colmar Manor. The name constructed from circa 1918 to the 1970s. Buildings in was derived from the “Col” in Columbia and “Mar” from Colmar Manor reflect a variety of popular twentieth- Maryland. century styles, including Craftsman, Colonial Revival, Colmar Manor consists of three subdivisions platted Dutch Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, Spanish Colonial between 1918–1920. The first subdivision was platted as Revival, and styles from the Modern Movement. The Colmar Manor in 1918 by the J. W. Holloway Company. majority of buildings are one-and-a-half-story bungalows The Washington, D.C.-based development company with varying levels of Craftsman style detailing. An advertised lots for sale in Colmar Manor for only $59. apartment building dating from the late 1930s is located That same year, the J. W. Holloway Company platted the at 4209 Newark Road and is the only multifamily dwelling First Addition to Colmar Manor and sold lots there for in the community. The topography of the neighborhood $59. Holloway advertised Colmar Manor as an attractive is flat and houses are set back slightly from the road.

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 279 C A P IT A L

B Appendix B•Documented HistoricE Communities L T W N A A Y S H

V I

E I N

L AG

T R

. E E R

E BE D T E

R R

R C S

D C

A P

. T G N P C C R N T A I . T S R T C I P E N R . R S New Carrollton S O E G N S

A P S . E

4 S M . R

R 9 H R N

G D I I T R D 5 R N E D U T & G . R B C D N R 9 W (69-000) R L .

A O D 5 ALK

W A E

E GREEN O Y M S

ID . R A . T E L R CT H D . NE WB D P UR O O GH E G R G

V I W R W N A

I . E L V E H S C

A L E R E T L .

N E M A N

D V

E S

. . R R F

RA I R S E S D

R E R I T D

E W

A S DE

D T D L E S

A E L N O

. A N D

D . E . H L T A R C O

L N R T

A L K R DR . . T I A W . T D S A O S D

V L N R E I N RD. N O . C H L E

A R E . A M R S R . W D D N V IEL G T F . N B R C G GREE A A L

Legend D L D D N I A D E

R C R T DOVER LN. D

R N G A Y A IFFAN

T T T E

N C O H T H C

O . M E T L New Carrollton Survey Y R T L . R D D LL S G NEW ER A B E C

E A Y R L U S R Y T H IS A W A E R E N

T G L S R

RE O A L . N

E A

X M V L E CK N . A E

XL LU O T F C

L P S V

E D F E I

R KS 86TH N

N A E

A T

H R E B G R L T H L A I S 5 T H A T P CT. H . A 8 F 6 FA D . J Y I 8 T L R

O . B S A O D L RN M

I P ARROLLT E C ON O .

T TER L PKWY.

N P N R R AC 87 H T E T

D O H A D

. LA M L R LO QUEN A PRISCI S E O 8 8 L A A TI R

A N 5 6 L U K . N . G T T CT T D D C C A H H R Y D K A P . R A O F L A ST . R . S P W O R L R S O S K E I O N C T W S N R M . L I S L T . O A O . T L T P N F U N E C T E R T

E C T R O A T N V M

A S V E E T N A O

P R U N E C S S Q S R E T

T I K T V . A . . . T T R A A O D ST. A N L

A . RONA W P E O V T V O L S T D ST. E N ST . F N O . I E

O T

T V R . L D RING N L SP WO A C E H OD R E L ARC V O P Y . RES 8 H TON A U R ST. P R 8 Q T R . H L E ST T 5 LON . G A T F V H BR A 8 A RM I N CR 4 CH EST C ST. R 8 AN DR. AT D H QU W L INT PO 8 N DR AN 5 T. . . A ST T ER S . 8 H OLIV 5 . T M OK N K O H ST. L A R O B PE R T O S T R . E O . T NT R W E H L D B R I E T

M E B R N R . E E E T . L T T A R

A T S S L G

S R C . O T

T E P T V A W . I L T 8 L

N W I V O A O V C . 4 . S P T E T A S T D Y I ON I S A C R H R T. N A . S . A S R T T S T R N L . P O N L E S N N I T . M . . D E A R T . V S A R N O T D I M N D M A . R O L E IO O O T T H L P A M D A R N G S W O E A R N O S L Y S . L O D L T . O T H . S T N O P F . D D D T R P H F N N C O R E

A C

W L

U . I . N L T

H R C N A O G N . T T N

A C O 8 S N . 3 O A I E 8 R V V T R ST. L 5 A E D A G E T IV ATION RD. E H G RD P . E E L R A A

O L L E . ST. M V . ID E K LN. R . IDMORE LN. D W K LO L . FE ST AN ST. H G POWHAT T U N 5 F A O 7 ON E L TAINE B L K A R E R 8 O 5 ST. L E A T A D D N A H S IN O E R A E G N H AR S E RI AREHAR SO L D T N N . D T A R. IS E E N RIC R L KS V . E DR. PO D A A R. N J N EFF R A A E D V RS H . ON T . E 6 T

. S 7 T. C

ING R H CR AH W OSS A T M L E 6 A ST D . 7 S MD RT. N 450 R T . ST H 0 470 940 1,880 2,820 . . E A V M A Feet . E V A

280 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

New Carrollton (69-000) Turner marketed Carrollton as an affordable, attractive, New Carrollton is a mid-twentieth-century residential and conveniently located community only 20 minutes suburb located approximately five miles from from Washington, D.C., by car. Washington, D.C. The community is bounded by the Carrollton continued to be a great success and when Capital Beltway (I-495), Annapolis Road, the Baltimore- Edward Mahoney died in December 1957. Mahoney’s Washington Parkway (I-295), and Good Luck Road. New property became the site of Greenbrier, another of Carrollton was originally part of the large landholdings Turner’s Modern Construction Company subdivisions of the prominent Prince George’s County Beall family in the City of Carrollton. By February 1963, the last who owned thousands of acres extending from Upper lot in Carrollton was sold. The city continued to grow Marlboro to Georgetown. In the nineteenth century, and annexed additional land in subsequent years. In the Beall family constructed several houses for various the 1960s, Turner continued to develop Carrollton, family members including at least two houses located constructing shopping centers, apartment buildings, near what is now known as New Carrollton. The Beall and other commercial buildings in the area. In 1966, it family chose to build their houses near the Washington- was renamed the City of New Carrollton, to distinguish Annapolis Stage Coach Road, an important early road, it from the other two Carrollton cities in Maryland. By now known as Annapolis Road. 1968, virtually every lot in New Carrollton was improved. The area remained largely rural and undeveloped until The city continued to grow in the late twentieth century the twentieth century. The Beall, Beckett, and Lanham as the city government annexed adjoining land. In families resided in the area and farmed the land. In November 1978, the Metrorail line was extended to New the 1920s, Edward L. Mahoney purchased 300 acres of Carrollton. land near present-day Legation Road and constructed a The community contains a variety of buildings modest Cape Cod dwelling for himself in 1927. Mahoney constructed between circa 1953–1965. New Carrollton also built stables and a training track for his horses. reflects the period from which it developed. Many houses In the late 1930s, Mahoney converted the horse track illustrate the transitional nature of domestic architecture to a midget and stock car racing track. Because of the in the 1950s, reflecting both traditional elements of the success of the racetrack, in 1941, Mahoney expanded Colonial Revival style and more modern elements of and modernized the track. He opened the West Lanham the Modern Movement. Although the original houses Speedway on his property, which attracted 8,000 fans on featured slate roofs, very few houses appear to retain that opening night. design feature. Other common materials found in New In the early 1950s, Mahoney’s neighbor Maurice Downes Carrollton include aluminum, asbestos, and vinyl. Many sold his property to Albert W. Turner. Turner was elected houses incorporate brick on the first story of the facade as the first mayor of the city in 1954. He named the city and other modern cladding materials on the second story for the “historically famous family of Carrolls – founders and secondary elevations. Reflecting its establishment of American democracy.” Between February 1953 and as an automobile suburb, approximately 95 percent of March 1959, Turner platted 17 sections of “Carrollton,” houses have either a carport or garage. The curvilinear which he planned to develop into a 1,300-house streets of New Carrollton take advantage of the rolling community. Buyers were able to select their house from hills of the landscape. The community is predominately 14 available models that sold for $16,200 to $19,500. residential, although schools, churches, and public Turner offered six additional models for sale in 1956. buildings are also located within the neighborhood. The houses contained two, three, and four bedrooms, Commercial development is located on the perimeter of and featured “plaster walls, basements and slate roofs. the neighborhood and is largely concentrated around the All homes have colored bath fixtures, completely shopping centers on Annapolis Road. The New Carrollton equipped kitchens, fully sodded and shrubbed lots.” Metro Station is located south of the community.

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 281 . R D E Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities D I S 4 R D 7 D M E O T A E D N IS V N O I O H U N S R K IC A T. E N NN H W O E L LON ED LS V G S Y S FE E T. O A I LLO M N W L H JE AD FF ISO ST G T E N . A S 4 RS T. N V O Bladensburg H 5 S N S A T T E T . . .. 5 . T Y . L E 4 A E D P V . JE (69-005) D F R W A E F O E . N L R V S E E . H NEDY H A O KEN A IN N R H (includes 69-037, G V E T R F S D T R T A R 6 A A . 6

H 5

A Y I G 69-038) HA M NG 5 CA

M R . R I E A TE 5 LT H H RS O T A E

M 7 NS T

T T S V

. R T T GA . 5 LL E A H H AT O 5 E IN T

T ST L . P V . S 6 Y E L 1 4 A J A H 5 E . 5 A F V FA E T M 6 H I R A L V S T T O T E O N N E 7 H U H

4 N . T E G 9 A V LL A Legend D 4 . A EC A TIN V ST. AT E . E U EM L . H R V E D . R P E T A . SO A Bladensburg Survey EM N V 9 ER E O A . 5 . E 5 S V L O . S R D V . N T. P E 6 H H A R A L E V T S D 3 T T T . H A NP Historic Resource . V 5 H 6 E 0 N L T A H O 4 V 5 2 4 H . P 5 T T B A C 5 E T 6 U R L R R IT D M 4 H 5 Historic Site L T P E 5 T E IN EN N . R 5 B G E D 2 TO E E S SO 5 L N V N 5 V T E BU R I RE N C D T A ET EM H . R ERS A S T S D ON N T D . A 1 . C 5 N S D O R H E S 5 5 T. 1 3 E V T B 5 5 S N A A UC C H D H R P O O AN I E A T A D P O N T K H E L V EW ST N E T E A L . S C .

G . N

TAN T D RD 6 A P T L . E 5 S T L

N . T U . H S

R P . R

D. T

M D 6

. D O D NUMST. D . R 5

R E R N . N A

I T L

. S 3 W R 2 V V

E P

5 T 5

T 5 E. AV A . S . A

S B T E T . L

W ST L S UM VARNUM ST. P O NRD.

N V E . D . VAR ST TIL

R TI ST. E

U N L UPSHUR RD. H N V

H DE .

. S O A .

T P H L D.

H H H U T E H R T

6 T .

P TAUSSIG

T D T T

S V 4 R

S R

4 4

6 T 6 O N AYL A G T. H

O D S

5 5 5 R H 5 IN O TAYLOR W T D

R R

T T L T P

I 5

M M

ST 4 D. S S

. S R 5

5 G 3

N 5 N D

D SPRI

1 1

E 5

E E 5 5 SH K EP OAD . ER IS R L OL

. D NAP 4 S

. N . .

T T P A L LIS .

8 NAPO L AN T L

P T PH

D OL P S R L P RAND H D A

D R . N

INCY D H U Q D

3 R T. S O S

V T 5

3 N Q E QU .

T UINCY INC

5 R 2 ST 6 Y . . E

Q 5 S 5 5 U NCY T. V I 5 S

T. A T

WTON H R NE S D. . M T 5 . K A H E A 4 A E V . T V V T D N I E L 7 H A E H S . 5 T I O . P L . W N T W A 8 Y S 5 O N ST. M H M TO T NEW A H O R C 6 N MONRO B T . R T T. E PL. 5 S E 6 O H OE T TST E R H 5 ON E S . M ST . RO DST. LAWRENCE M ON LLOY PLACE Y CE ST. A REN KW LAW ILMER PLACE R K PA

A D LO N CK

V JAC WOOD 2 KS E ON ST. N 5 JA U SO E N IN WO HA ST OD ST WT . INWOOD . INWO HO N OD ST. R

. N O H E T S E T . T . 6 L . V G 5 L P A N I P I G H R S E S EN P . . L A . E E A E . E F 0 1.5 3 6 9 W E . P L D V V Y V E . Miles D R A A E A V E L A L V A

282 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan E Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities U N E V A North Decatur Heights (69-037)

Legend North Decatur Heights UPSHUR Survey

T ILD EN

TA YLOR N

T S S TR N EE

O T

1 5

ROAD

L P

0 75 150 300 450 Feet

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 283 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

DECATUR Washington Suburban Homes

P (69-038) D L E A P C A L A C V A T C . U E E E L H N T R U P R O 5 ST E A 5 R D EE Y T L E OP C D E R E C A C Y A A

L T L O U

HP R EET 6TH P R T STR 5 Legend 4 Washington Suburban Homes 5 STRE E Survey ET U N E E

5 V

4 N A E T UM H ARN V V A

A 5 T 5

L T

O H V ROAD

EN TILD

ROAD G TAUSSI ROAD

STREET R STREET TAYLO H

P T

L 6

A 5 C D E OA R A RING G SP V N ROAD RI D E SP R N U E ST REET

E E

U C

N A

L V P A RANDOLPH L LPSHTREET E AN DO

H U DO N

A T N VE R 6 E R

A QUIN CY S TREET Q H UIN T 0 125 250 500 750 CY 6 Feet ST 5 REET

284 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Bladensburg (69-005), North Decatur and shipping in Bladensburg and other small ports to Heights (69-037), Washington Suburban decrease as Baltimore became the primary port because of its accessibility to more farmers, merchants, and larger Homes (69-038) ships. The last commercial vessel left Bladensburg in Located in western Prince George’s County, the Town of 1843, loaded with sixty hogsheads of tobacco. When the Bladensburg was established in 1742 by an act passed by Baltimore and Ohio (B&O) Railroad was constructed in the Maryland General Assembly, establishing a town near 1835, it bypassed Bladensburg, effectively cutting off the Garrison’s Landing on the Eastern Branch, as the Anacostia town as a mid-nineteenth- century commercial center. River was then known. Originally called “Bladensburgh,” the town was named after colonial governor Thomas The construction of the Alexandria Branch of the Bladen. In 1747, Bladensburg was designated as an B&O Railroad in the 1870s spurred development in inspection site for tobacco in Prince George’s County. Bladensburg. In support of this growing industry, two In order to protect the quality of tobacco being shipped hotels and several new stores were constructed. The to England, all tobacco grown in Maryland had to pass northern and eastern portions of the town experienced through inspection sites at Nottingham, Piscataway, the most growth, as the town expanded closer to Upper Marlboro, or Bladensburg before it was allowed neighboring communities such as Hyattsville. Many new to be publicly sold. By 1776, Bladensburg exported more dwellings, outbuildings, and commercial buildings were tobacco than any other Maryland port on the western constructed between 1861–1878. A Freedmen’s Bureau shore of the Chesapeake. By the late eighteenth century, school was established in an old building in the town Bladensburg supported a shipyard, tannery, waterfront in 1866, and a schoolhouse for local African-American wharves, taverns, stores, and dwellings. students was constructed the following year.

The eighteenth-century seaport of Bladensburg has been In the early twentieth century, the expansion of the greatly altered; however several early buildings remain, streetcar system connected Bladensburg and other including four structures predating the American communities to Washington, D.C. From the early Revolution (1775-1783). The earliest extant building twentieth century through the mid-twentieth century, is Bostwick (69-005-67), a Georgian style building several subdivisions were platted on the northeastern constructed in 1746 by Christopher Lowndes. Lowndes edges of the historic town primarily because of the also constructed the Market Master’s House (69-005- accessibility to this public transportation system. This 08) in 1765, which served as the home for the port’s includes Linwood (1911), Decatur Heights (1915), manager. The Hilleary-Magruder House (69-005-07) was Whiteley (1919), North Decatur Heights (1925), Section erected by William Hilleary between 1742 and 1746 and 4 of Decatur Heights (1927), Washington Suburban was visited by George Washington in 1787. The George Homes (1946), and Decatur Heights, Addition A (1947). Washington House (69-005-02), named in honor of Bladensburg developed as and has continued to be an the visiting president, was first constructed as a store active suburban community in Prince George’s County in 1760 and was part of a commercial complex that since the early twentieth century. Although the town originally included a tavern and blacksmith shop. has undergone many changes, it retains several historic buildings that recall the town’s character and importance In the early nineteenth century, Bladensburg was the from the Colonial era to the first half of the twentieth site of pitched battles with the British during the War century. of 1812. In August 1814 on the Anacostia River (then known as the Eastern branch) and in the streets of the Bladensburg is a bustling community, bisected by town, the American Chesapeake Flotilla and troops Annapolis Road and Kenilworth Avenue. Commercial under the command of Commodore Joshua Barney resources are largely concentrated along these major suffered a humiliating defeat at the hands of the British. streets. Buildings in Bladensburg represent a variety From Bladensburg, the British marched easily into of uses including residential, commercial, industrial, Washington and set fire to the capital’s public buildings religious, and educational. Buildings in the residential and changed the course of the war. area date from the early twentieth century through the 1970s. Architectural styles present include various By the mid-nineteenth century, the town had evolved interpretations of the Colonial Revival, Craftsman, from a bustling port to a town that included several and illustrations from the Modern Movement. The churches, shops, and dwellings. As the Anacostia River topography of Bladensburg is relatively flat with most silted up, the river became unnavigable for larger houses having level or slightly sloping lots. Houses are ships carrying tobacco and supplies. This caused trade typically set close to the road. Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 285 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Ardwick (69-023)

Legend Ardwick Survey

Historic Resource

RO AD

R IC H LE T Y E E R C T OU S RT

75 TH AV EN UE

T E E R T S

T E E R 0 500 1,000 2,000 3,000 T Feet S

286 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Ardwick (69-023) court and trapshooting range constructed on the property by Wormley. The range served as a meeting place for the Ardwick was established in the late nineteenth century Trap Shooting Club known as WorTayCarBro, named as a railroad suburb. The community is located in after the families of the founding members Wormley, northwestern Prince George’s County approximately Taylor, Carson, and Brooks. Many prominent members six miles east of Washington, D.C. The community of the African-American community in Washington, is surrounded by modern residential development D.C., spent time at the Wormley property. and is bounded by the Pennsylvania Railroad, the Metrorail line, and MD 450 and US 50. Although its Before his death in 1919, Wormley began selling establishment in 1889 and subsequent development parcels of his land to friends and family in 1911. They was greatly influenced by the construction of the nearby constructed modest dwellings of their own, creating a Baltimore and Washington line of the Pennsylvania small community of professional African-Americans Railroad, Ardwick’s significance as an African-American who commuted to Washington, D.C. Many of these community was initiated by William Stanton Wormley, homeowners were affiliated with the black public school who first used the site as a retreat in the early twentieth system in Washington, D.C., and settled in the area century. between 1911–1945. Gradually the weekend retreat at Ardwick evolved into a community mostly made up of Until the late nineteenth century, the area comprising black professionals who permanently resided there. the present-day area of Ardwick was farmland. Both Martenet’s map of 1861 and the Hopkins map of 1878 Later in the twentieth century, the community has document limited development in the area that would been greatly affected by the expansion of nearby become Ardwick. A few farms are located around the transportation routes, including local highways and perimeter of the community, but none within the the Metrorail line. This expansion, combined with new community boundaries. Ardwick was initially platted multifamily housing north of Ardwick-Ardmore Road, in 1889 as a railroad suburb by Thomas Mitchell, a resulted in the demolition of several dwellings associated Washington, D.C., real estate broker. with the African-American community. New suburban development surrounding the historic community has The original plan was abandoned soon after platting, also impacted the physical landscape of Ardwick. and the area remained rural, despite the location near the Ardwick railroad station. The historically African- The small historic community is clustered on both sides American portion of the larger Ardwick community of Ardwick Ardmore Road, between Buchanan Street developed along Ardwick-Ardmore Road, between MD on the west and MD 410 on the east. The community 450 and MD 410. In 1897, Hugh Browne constructed contains a variety of buildings constructed between the a modest wood-frame dwelling on five acres of land. 1890s and 2000, the vast majority built in the 1950s. William Stanton Wormley, a prominent African- Buildings in Ardwick reflect a variety of vernacular and American educator and artist from Washington, D.C., popular styles including the Colonial Revival and the purchased the house and surrounding acreage in 1903. Modern Movement. Building forms include rectangular- Wormley was the grandson of businessman James shaped plans, Cape Cods, Bungalow, and Ranch houses. Wormley, who in 1871 established the Wormley Hotel, The topography of the neighborhood is flat and houses located at 15th and H Streets in Washington, D.C. have varying setbacks from the road. The community is exclusively residential. Commercial, religious, and The Wormley House in Ardwick was used as a country educational buildings are located outside of the survey retreat and social center for Wormley and his family, area, primarily along Annapolis Road (MD 450). friends, and colleagues who took advantage of the tennis

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 287 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

H 6 6 RD 2 . T . . 3 ST N IS 8 L OTIS P R OT 5 P L D ST. D M . A Cheverly O N A V R V O E E E (69-024) 5 M . 9 O . T NT 6 A H R 2 V . C D O L N E E H S . E A D R . V L E R U 3 A V D P 6 P . R B E L. KI E R TE . LM L S . ER L D L S Legend L Y AR 6 T T. E MB 3 S L R OCKWOOD V LO Cheverly Survey R I D D . E E R A J W E A M V A Historic Resource S V IL P K V O A E N KILMER ST. A Historic Site . E JOSLY R N S A

IN T . T K T W . V O S N H O E W J AW D E A T O . H R . S O A O M R E NE C Y N E V S ST T. IN S

. R A INWOOD W T A L . T O V . CREST E A O L N E D E U

R P CT L . . O ST. R A P

V H B . E D

T A D . E R E I L R

T A V M W L 3 C K A A V 6

R H L E H

D E A . D. . T R V 4 ST Y 6 E I

R E E O .

F K W Y E A

A T

. V W S T L P E

S A K ID R O R CL K A L. F EU . P P

. . T W . S . L Y E E Y AY E V L N P V A E W R E A HE . . D C V K E R R E R . - I WAYNE D

K A

T T S . . C

Y W N P

A L S A L CT. Y E

P I E P L W Y

V A Y L R

H A L R Y E T R C . E W L H 9 E T V E S E G L I 5 L R CH H L V O . E B T A E R S A B A E V H N V AY C E W . . RST HE T, EC S BE R N 0 1.5 3 6 9BO SO ARMiles AN H PARK

288 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Cheverly (69-024) In 1927, after a failed attempt to redevelop Forest Road into a grand avenue leading to the Beaver Dam Country Cheverly was established as an early twentieth-century Club (now the Prince George’s Ballroom, Marshall lost community located one mile from the northeastern control of the Washington Suburban Realty Company border of Washington, D.C. Cheverly is bordered by the and was replaced by Edwin Dutton. In 1931, the Town Baltimore-Washington Parkway, Landover Road, and of Cheverly was incorporated. It was not until after US 50. World War II (1941-1945) that construction activity Mount Hope (69-024-11), constructed circa 1839 began to increase again. Several new churches were built by Fielder Magruder, Jr., is the oldest house in the and the town acquired the ten-acre town park. In 1958, community. At its largest, the Mount Hope plantation Cheverly expanded by one-third with the annexation contained 843 acres of land. Mount Hope is documented of the Cheverly Industrial Park. Later in the twentieth on both Martenet’s map of 1861 and Hopkin’s 1878 century, the expansion of the Metrorail line to Cheverly atlas as “F. Magruder Res.” and the only residence in in 1978 solidified the community as a commuter suburb the area. After Magruder’s death in 1888, the property of Washington, D.C. changed hands several times until a 193-acre parcel of The town contains a variety of buildings constructed from land, including Mount Hope, was purchased by Robert circa 1839 to the present, although the overwhelming Marshall in 1918. Marshall, a former stockbroker and majority of buildings in Cheverly were constructed land developer from Ohio, purchased the surrounding from 1921 through the 1950s. Buildings in Cheverly acreage and began to plat the neighborhood of “Cheverly.” reflect a variety of popular twentieth century styles Marshall lived in Mount Hope where he undertook a including Craftsman, Spanish Revival, Colonial Revival, restoration of the house. Robert Marshall, president Dutch Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, and a number of of the Washington Suburban Realty Company, platted interpretations from the Modern Movement. Common seven sections of Cheverly between 1918 and 1926. building forms include bungalows, Cape Cods, ranch Taking advantage of the natural topography, Marshall houses, and minimal traditional houses. There are a designed Cheverly to take advantage of the curving, hilly number of extant kit houses in the neighborhood, most landscape. Marshall named his new neighborhood after of which were Sears and Roebuck designs. A variety of Cheverly Gardens, an adjoining 43-acre subdivision he materials and decorative treatments are illustrated in acquired in 1918 near Landover Station. Cheverly including brick, stone veneer, stucco, and half- The subdivision was quickly improved and in October timbering. The neighborhood is hilly and the landscape 1920 the first street, now called Cheverly Avenue, was of the community was designed to take advantage of the paved. To spur development, between 1921–1925, topography, resulting in curvilinear streets and irregular Marshall constructed 34 kit houses, the majority of lot shapes. The community has a mature canopy of which were designed by Sears, Roebuck and Company trees and there are several parks for town residents. The and McClure Homes Company. By 1923, all roads in buildings in Cheverly are almost exclusively residential, Cheverly were surfaced and street lamps were installed. although there are several religious and social buildings That same year, the first school for the neighborhood was in the community. Public buildings in Cheverly include a constructed. By 1924, more than 25 houses were built school, community center, and town hall, all of which are in the neighborhood and more than 350 lots had been located outside of the area originally platted by Robert sold. Houses ranged in price from $5,000 to more than Marshall. $15,000. The majority of lots in Cheverly were improved by individual owners; however, several were improved by speculative builders.

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 289 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

RIDGE ST. L Lincoln ANE

TTE .

(70-049) E N

TO V L . .

A A

H E E

E E V V

V A A

A RO

O T

GHB D I E

H E AY R

W . POPLAR ST. Legend

Lincoln Survey Historic Site

MARYLAND

D ST. N T

C A U E L I

N N A H

T L M E N FRANKLIN ST. R A B L N U W Q A E U O A E T R C U L A

H N G C T ST. I GRAN S A L T V . E . K ST. CENT PAR S E E E

N V C A VE. A A L ST. ELM V I D

S E V T A A O N

V C E T . . G P O R T .

S L E N T S . M E E HI L R A V R E E O V A IM E J T . A L M A B D E A S R O LEGEND D NO LR A MA

I L A E

C N T

4 E . 0 W 7 . JE OLIS E NAP T R AN R S D E M Y A V . LAKEV MARTIN E WY LUTHE . JR H N R KING W E I E W P EW S E T Y N O N L V R S A L I E R K Y K A N 0 265 530 1,060 1,590 L A G A E N L FeeI t V V N E A E I N A . I A A V E . 290 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Lincoln (70-049) few even farmed on their land. The children of Lincoln attended school at the one-room schoolhouse in nearby Lincoln was established in the early twentieth century by Buena Vista or traveled to Washington, D.C., to attend African-Americans as a rural retreat located eight miles classes. In 1921, members of the civic associations of east of Washington, D.C., south of Glenn Dale, east of Lincoln and Buena Vista successfully lobbied the Board Seabrook, and north of Annapolis Road. of Education to allocate funds for the construction of a In 1908, the Lincoln Land and Improvement Company, school in Lincoln which was built with assistance from Inc., purchased nearly 200 acres of land along the the Rosenwald Fund. Washington, Baltimore, and Annapolis Electric Railroad In the 1930s growth in Lincoln began to decline. Due and platted the community of Lincoln. Thomas J. to decreasing ridership as a result of the increasing Calloway, an African-American educator, developer, and popularity and accessibility of the automobile, the attorney from Washington, D.C., was vice president and railroad ceased operations in 1935. The community was general manager of the Lincoln Land and Improvement further impacted when the construction of the George Company. Calloway envisioned the community as Palmer Highway (now called MD 704 or Martin Luther a vacation retreat and garden suburb for African- King, Jr., Highway) was not paved as far as Lincoln. Americans. In the early twentieth century, there were Residents who did not own a car were landlocked and the few options for affordable housing for middle-class lack of public transportation in the area made it difficult African-Americans in the county. However, several to travel to the District of Columbia. As a result, the other black communities developed contemporaneously community returned to its roots as a vacation and retreat including North Brentwood, Fairmount Heights, and community for Washington, D.C.’s black professional Glenarden. Lincoln was the only community marketed population. Although Thomas Calloway envisioned as a rural retreat for African-Americans. The community that Lincoln would eventually gain its own municipal was designed with “roomy” streets that stretched 50–70 government, the community remained a loosely knit, feet wide and building lots that were 50 feet by 150 feet semirural community which remained largely rural until and sold for $270. The original radiating street plan for the 1970s when a building boom began. In the 1980s, the community was only partially developed and the several historic structures were demolished including the intended semicircle design of Crescent Avenue with a Lincoln railroad station and the original Seaton Memorial community park inside was never realized. A.M.E. Church. In 1910, noted black architect Isaiah T. Hatton designed The community contains a wide variety of buildings the first house in Lincoln for Thomas Calloway. Hatton constructed between 1910 and the present. The majority was a Washington-based architect who studied under of the buildings in Lincoln were constructed from 1965– William Sidney Pittman. Hatton designed a number of 1980s. There are a number of popular twentieth-century prominent landmarks in the city including the Dunbar architectural styles in Lincoln, including Craftsman, Theatre and the Whitelaw Hotel. By 1915 approximately Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, Spanish Colonial ten families lived in Lincoln including Isaiah Hatton, Revival, Contemporary, and several illustrations from who designed several houses in the community. the Modern Movement. There are approximately five Calloway noted that through Hatton’s guidance, the extant buildings that date from 1910 to 1920. In the community was able “to maintain a high standard of 1970s, many of the original large lots were resubdivided, excellence in home planning.” The community quickly which resulted in the construction of nonhistoric infill became a retreat for a number of prominent African- and irregularly sized lots. The community is almost American families who were attracted to the quiet rural exclusively residential and is composed of single-family setting. Lincoln had its own station on the electric inter- dwellings. The only exceptions are a church and a school urban line with a general store and schoolhouse located located southwest of the residential area and included in nearby. Development in Lincoln peaked in the early the survey of the community. 1920s. Several residents purchased multiple lots and a

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 291 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Glenn Dale (70-052)

G L EN Legend N Glenn Dale Survey . ST Historic Site

4 G 56 D . LL L A E L E VA T E T N EN R DU UX D N AT M P E . AL AVE SD N . LA T PR S OSPECT TH R HI NO LL . A ST IETT MAR

D A VINS ST. G L JA L E

W E

N O

D . E AV KRAUS E. E V D A . HARBOR G E E AV H .

L E ARTIN V A M A

N P . E

D O OLBY E AV D D I N G T. T FRANKLIN E S E EAST A P 0 210 420 840 1,260 V L

E . Feet Y DUBARR .

292 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Glenn Dale (70-052) for local residents and encouraged the construction of several houses near the Introduction Station on Bell Glenn Dale developed as a late nineteenth-century Station Road. In the 1930s the District of Columbia railroad suburb south of the intersection of Lanham- constructed the Glenn Dale Hospital, which was used as Severn Road and Glenn Dale Boulevard. In the 1870s, a tuberculosis sanitarium for the poor. Although there the Pennsylvania Railroad established a route from was some initial opposition to its construction, the Baltimore through Upper Marlboro to Pope’s Creek in hospital encouraged local improvements and provided Charles County and a branch line into Washington, D.C. employment opportunities for residents. Glenn Dale The small communities of Lanham, Seabrook, and Glenn remained largely undeveloped until the second half of the Dale were established on this Washington branch when twentieth century. In the 1970s several resubdivisions the localities were selected as the site of new railroad of larger lots resulted in small clusters of development stations. scattered throughout the community. Glenn Dale originally developed from part of the Duvall The community contains buildings constructed from family’s large land holdings. Martenet’s map of 1861 the 1870s to the present. Buildings in Glenn Dale shows the rural area, settled only by a few families reflect a variety of popular styles including Queen Anne, including the Duvalls, a prominent Prince George’s Craftsman, Colonial Revival, Dutch Colonial Revival, and County family. In 1871 the Duvall family, who owned the a number of illustrations from the Modern Movement. nearby plantation of Marietta, sold some of their land to Common building forms include L-shaped plans, their family attorney, John Glenn. Glenn began to sell bungalows, Cape Cods, minimal traditional houses, parcels of his land, and the area soon became known as ranch houses, split-foyer, and split-level houses. The Glennville. By 1878 the Hopkins map documents that the oldest houses in Glenn Dale were typically situated on small village, then called “Glendale,” contained several the largest lots in the neighborhood and were originally residences, a saw mill, brick yard, blacksmith shop, a used as farmhouses. As residents of Glenn Dale stopped store, post office, and St. George’s Episcopal Church, all farming in the early twentieth century, these lots were centered on the Glendale train station. subdivided, resulting in modern infill. This pattern of In 1885 the community of “Glendale” was officially development has resulted in irregularly shaped lots of platted in two sections and was likely named for the train differing sizes and varied setbacks in the neighborhood. station of the same name. The railroad tracks bisected The topography of Glenn Dale is relatively flat. The the small community, which consisted of approximately majority of buildings in the community are residential, 81 lots of varying sizes. Lots were located both north and although there are several religious and educational south of the railroad tracks and ranged from small (50 buildings. A few nonhistoric commercial buildings are feet by 176 feet) to large, including one lot approximately located north and south of the railroad tracks. Public 330 feet by 1,320 feet. Section 1, the southern portion buildings in Glenn Dale include a post office, fire station of the plat, remains largely as originally platted in 1885. and the Glenn Dale Elementary School. The small community is surrounded by modern subdivisions In the early twentieth century, the community, now including Wood Pointe, developed in the late 1980s called “Glenn Dale,” remained a small railroad village. and Glenn Dale Village, developed circa 2004. Glenn By 1900, the village contained approximately 17 houses. Dale Hospital was abandoned more than twenty years Despite the community’s location in a largely rural area ago and purchased by M-NCPPC in 1995. The 210-acre where many residents’ occupation involved agriculture, campus, located outside of the survey area, is currently some residents of Glenn Dale commuted to Washington being evaluated for redevelopment. by train. The USDA Plant Introduction Station, established in Glenn Dale in 1920, provided employment

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 293 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

WOOD

. . STREAM E E

. V V Seabrook L 1 A A . 0 P E 0 E H T V H N T H A N 6 T A 9 6 A H V . 9 E T T . (70-053) 7 S 9

9 7 T 9 H 9 T H L S Y A H P V L AH

L E E B

. . A 9 S Z 6 IA T T N . C 9 H T 6 .

T P 1 H 0 L 0 ST. . T H

AV E.

9 ST. 7 Legend T OD H GO Y RR BE Historic Resource OD ST. Seabrook Survey WO N TO ING 9 9 LL . 8 4 E ST T Historic Site T W H H

N A T RE V . E UC BU A T A S . K V V ER AN E MA V . E N . N OD R O VE RW E E S ND - S U M T. A A V H N E LA . N RMA CKE S TU HE T. RID S AN

Y E XL HU D OA R E M A C K 9

T E. H AV ITH SM

S E E. A AV T. L 4TH S B EAST 9 U 3 R N R O

D D O Y ST. P K L . AVE A LIN V K AN E

. FR B .

A A

R V RN T E VE E . R E. SE AV L N P KLI AN FR

. VD Y C L RR B BA R DU E S T V I E W L L A E A

R V OR V

. E W E AVE

. A . TA V VIS E A EN R . U B D . D O ON O GT W IN D N SH EE WA O R O G

N APOLIS I ANN L ROAD .

S L. P N F . R H ON R OA . M G D TE RD U TA D WESTGA A NA O V DR R . MARYLAND R L D E Y . W R YA D T T AVE. IE RB . E LL R E

B A R 0 340 680 1,360 ROX 2,040 K ANN T E E P O Feet E E. R H H V R A P I I L S L A H . R D S E E E E D N L

H L A P

A C L H . I T A S W E I A

B Y 294 R Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan E L L

E Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Seabrook (70-053) Seabrook’s family retained control of his property until 1912, when they sold the remaining undeveloped lots Seabrook was established in the 1870s as a resort to Tyrrel E. Biddle. After the property was purchased by community on the Pennsylvania Railroad line in Biddle, Seabrook began to slowly develop. Lots on the northwest Prince George’s County. Seabrook is located northern side of Lanham-Severn Road were resubdivided approximately 12 miles east of Washington, D.C., in the 1930s and in the 1950s by the Seabrook Realty south of Lanham Severn Road (MD 564), and north of Corporation. By 1957, approximately 185 houses had Annapolis Road (MD 450). been constructed in Seabrook. In the mid-twentieth In the 1870s, several railroads began expanding through century, commercial development expanded along both Prince George’s County to connect to Washington, D.C. Lanham-Severn Road and Annapolis Road. The Pennsylvania Railroad established a route from The community contains a variety of buildings constructed Baltimore through Upper Marlboro to Pope’s Creek in between the 1880s–1990s. The vast majority of buildings Charles County and a branch line into Washington, D.C. in Seabrook date from the mid-twentieth century. There The small communities of Lanham, Seabrook, and Glenn are a number of popular architectural styles represented Dale were established on this Washington branch when in Seabrook including Gothic Revival, Colonial Revival, the localities were selected as the site of new railroad Tudor Revival, Spanish Revival, and a variety of styles stations. from the Modern Movement. Common building forms In 1871, Thomas Seabrook, an engineer for the include rectangular-shaped plans, bungalows, Cape Cods, Pennsylvania Railroad, purchased 500 acres of land ranch houses, minimal traditional houses, and split-level around one of the planned railroad stations. Seabrook houses. The streets are laid in a grid pattern that runs subdivided the property and built three identical Gothic parallel to the railroad tracks and Lanham-Severn Road. Revival-style cottages for use by his family and friends. The community is bisected by Lanham-Severn Road By 1880, the railroad station, the three cottages, and and commercial development is concentrated along this a few commercial buildings had been constructed in thoroughfare and Annapolis Road. Many of the buildings Seabrook. along these routes are residential buildings rehabilitated for commercial use. Development north of Lanham- Thomas Seabrook died in 1897 and his will devised Severn Road dates from the 1950s through the 1990s, his land to his heirs. Seabrook’s widow sold one of the although the majority of this development dates from undeveloped lots to the school commissioners, who soon the third quarter of the twentieth century. Several office constructed a school house at 6116 Seabrook Road. The buildings are located in the northern part of Seabrook, Seabrook School (70-053-13) remains one of the earliest in addition to the residential and commercial buildings. surviving schoolhouses in Prince George’s County.

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 295

Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

A .

P U Fletchertown C OLD G A. (71A-022) L

STEE PLE CH ASE

C H Legend E S T N Fletchertown Survey U T

PH E Q AS UA ERHORS DR. R A A RT E ID N V G T E E C .

Q O UR U T A I L RD.

R N I W D TO G R CHE E FLET H I L D G N A . RO H L A

Z D L

. O

Q ALB A T R O S S

C T .

E O N A L Y R S E T H TC E R C A C E ON E D ZIRC N A A L R M . D L . A IR DR P P B

G IN K C O M R 0 230 460 920 1,380 D . Feet . . D D R R

296 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Fletchertown (71A-022) finally opened in 1922 and served up to 50 children at a time through grade seven. In 1952, the Board of Fletchertown is a late nineteenth-century rural African- Education sold the schoolhouse for $1200 and it was American community, located south of Huntington subsequently converted into a private residence. The and northwest of Bowie. The historic community of schoolhouse is no longer extant. Fletchertown is centered on Old Fletchertown Road. In the late nineteenth century, Gabriel Fletcher, an African- In the mid-twentieth century, Fletchertown remained American farmer, began purchasing land to establish a small rural village; however, residents began selling a farm for his family near Bowie. In 1892, Fletcher off portions of their property and new houses were purchased lot number 6 from the estate of George W. constructed in the community. Development has Wood. Fletcher purchased the 13.5-acre lot for $150. The continued in the late twentieth century with the late- following year at a public auction, Fletcher purchased lot 1990s subdivision of Nazario Woods (located on the seven for $500, which contained 6.32 acres. south side of Old Fletchertown Road), the 1990s subdivision of Northridge (located northwest and west Gabriel Fletcher was born circa 1857 in Maryland. The of Fletchertown), and the platting of “Pleasant Ridge” in 1880 census lists Fletcher as a single 23-year-old mulatto 2006 by Capitol Development Design, Inc., (located on living with his mother and siblings in Queen Anne, Prince the north side of Old Fletchertown Road). George’s County. His occupation is listed as laborer. By 1900, the census notes Fletcher living in Bowie with his The community contains a variety of buildings wife of 14 years, Virginia, and their five children. He is constructed between circa 1890 and the present. listed as owning his home and his occupation is listed as Approximately three buildings in Fletchertown farmer. After Gabriel and his wife purchased their land were constructed prior to 1930. These include a late near Bowie, members of the extended Fletcher family, nineteenth-century I-house, a circa 1924 Foursquare including Gabriel’s mother and brother, moved to the (Noble Strother House), and a vernacular dwelling area. The majority of their neighbors either farmed or constructed circa 1910. The overwhelming majority of worked for the railroad. By 1910, the census notes that resources in the area were constructed between 1990 the small community was known as “Fletchertown.” and the present. Styles represented in Fletchertown include the Colonial Revival and illustrations of the Because of Fletchertown’s proximity to Bowie, the small Modern Movement. Building forms present in the village never became self-sufficient and remained a community include the I-house, Foursquare, bungalow, rural residential area. Residents traveled to the railroad ranch houses, and minimal traditional houses. Houses village of Bowie for necessities, social activities, and in the subdivision of Nazario Woods on the south side church. Before the 1920s, African-American children of Old Fletchertown Road are two-story, five-bay, side- in Fletchertown traveled to Bowie to attend school gabled dwellings with a central projecting front-gabled at Horsepen Hill. As the population of Fletchertown bay. The facades of the houses are covered with a brick increased, the community petitioned to have a school veneer, while the side and rear elevations are clad with constructed in the area. In 1921, the Prince George’s vinyl siding. All of the houses have an attached garage on County Board of Education recommended constructing a side elevation. Fletchertown is exclusively residential one school to serve the residents of both Fletchertown and is composed of single-family dwellings. The and Duckettsville, another small African-American topography of the neighborhood is hilly and houses are village on the outskirts of Bowie. Both communities set on irregular lots of varying sizes. Private roads off of protested and the Board of Education eventually Old Fletchertown Road provide access to houses located relented, allowing each village to have its own school. The between Old Fletchertown Road and the Northridge Fletchertown Elementary School was funded by bonds subdivision to the west. and the Rosenwald Fund. The one-room schoolhouse

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 297 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

BRIDGE

FA Huntington/Bowie L L S IN N G O O W A M L T E (71B-002) D D ER L L E C I O F U E H R L C T T T EC R U O M N Y R A U D L R

M C . T

R W CRUTCH O I

F P I U E K

T L E E E D AVEN U Y C M O U YR RT ST. 3RD T

Legend L C 1 E 9 H ST. 7 E 4TH Huntington/Bowie Survey ST

N U 5TH ST.

Historic Resource M

AP 6TH ST. Historic Site L

E E. AV ST. EL

7TH M PI

ST. N IE A

W VE E

C BO 8TH A A A

. H V VE V . A ST E.

PE E. . AV H L T . ST. A 9 ST 10TH V A

E. V

E. RT. 197 TH ST. 0 D 11TH 1 A

R ST.

Z I 12TH U G A T. R C ON TH . ATI 13 ST ST WIE BO M YR T . L RD E RIPLE C ROWN ST. T H G A F 14T VE. O A RD. . C E T L L L

D T C I N M R I

B C T I GE

. P A A

I U P A S E N R L L

V P T G

D E T

E. I .

L L F

L P

E A R

. C

R C

O T P . U W C OLD N G A. L RD ST . EEP LEC HA S E

C H E ST

N U T

PH Q EASA U A RHORS R. R A RTE E D ID N V G T E E. C

Q O UR U T A I SE L D. R O

R WN I MR O I D RT R . G E H T C P E T H LE C F I L D G N A O H L . R L A PE

Z D A T L

. H

O C

0 420 840 1,680 2,520 U

D Feet Q N FL TOW ETCHER

298 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Huntington/Bowie (71B-002) and Potomac Railroad and then governor of Maryland. As the community grew, residents became interested in The incorporated City of Bowie is located in the incorporation, and in March 1874 the Maryland General northeastern portion of the county. Within the sprawling Assembly granted a charter to the commissioners of City of Bowie is a historic core comprising the small Huntington and established the Town of Huntington. railroad community originally known as Huntington In 1882, the town commissioners changed the name of City. This community was situated at the junction of the the town to Bowie, in honor of Governor Oden Bowie, main line of the Baltimore & Potomac Railroad and its whose efforts had helped establish the railroad in Prince spur line into Washington, D.C. George’s County. Much of Bowie is part of the early eighteenth century As in much of Prince George’s County, development estate known as Catton, which was owned by Robert during World War II was slow, but picked up significantly Carvile of St. Mary’s City. By 1719, the property was after the war. In 1956, William J. Levitt, whose best- purchased by Jacob Henderson, rector of Queen Anne’s known development was Levittown in Nassau County, Parish, who renamed the area “Belair.” Samuel Ogle, New York, purchased the Belair estate. His plan was and his future son-in-law Benjamin Tasker (Senior), to develop a 2,200-acre community, the largest ever purchased the 2,500-acre estate in 1737 and constructed attempted in Prince George’s County. Levitt began the Belair Mansion, which remained in the family until to lobby the Town of Bowie to annex his development 1871. The site of Huntington was located five miles surrounding the Belair mansion. The large expansion of northwest of the Belair Mansion. Martenet’s map of Bowie at this time divided the city into named sections, 1861 documents the area as a rural community with and thus the original railroad town became known as small farms scattered across the landscape. In 1853, a the Huntington section of Bowie. Levitt and others state charter was granted to the Baltimore and Potomac continued to construct new subdivisions in the Bowie Railroad Company, with Oden Bowie as its president. area. During the initial flurry of development in the mid- Bowie, who was born at Fairview, near the Belair estate, twentieth century, Huntington remained a quiet town had fought in the Mexican War and served in the with minimal infill constructed from the 1950s–1970s. Maryland House of Delegates and the Maryland State In the 1990s, the City of Bowie purchased the remaining Senate. Plans to construct the railroad line were stalled railroad buildings from Amtrak, moved them to their by the Civil War; construction finally began in 1868, present site in the Huntington area, and rehabilitated sparking suburban development plans. the buildings for use as a museum. Suburban growth In 1869, Ben M. Plumb, a developer and speculator from began to expand into the Huntington area in the late Washington, D.C., and his associates purchased a 300- twentieth century and early twenty-first century. acre farm from Henry Carrick at the future juncture of The community is predominantly residential with the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad and the spur line to a significant concentration of historic commercial Washington, D.C. In 1870, he platted Huntington City buildings. Buildings range in age from circa 1880 to the on a rectilinear grid that was bisected diagonally by the present. Common building forms include I-houses, front- railroad tracks. The tract was laid out with streets named gabled buildings, L-shaped plans, bungalows, American after trees running north and south, and numbered Foursquares, Cape Cods, and split-foyers. Architectural streets running east and west. The 2,500 square-foot styles in Huntington include vernacular interpretations lots were offered for sale at $25 each. Purchases of the of the Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and Dutch Colonial lots began almost immediately with some of the earliest Revival. The majority of residential buildings are buildings constructed by the railroad company. The first wood-frame construction, although there are masonry train passed through Huntington in 1872, and a train buildings including some of rock-faced concrete block. station was constructed later that year. The station was The community is relatively flat with gently rolling hills. named Bowie for Oden Bowie, president of the Baltimore

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 299 C

YPR

ESS

T W

R B I L

EE A L L O

S C Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities W

A YPR

R ESS .

E PL E

H E I EI V B

. I T A R

G R K

H EE

D ST. T

R KOLB S . D . ST R Seat Pleasant . A .

G ST N

ST. A O

(72-007) Y KAN N

R ST. N 4 . . R 0 N D I . 7 ST. Y M E D W T R G U . H O JOST R HTS D EIG M H . LIN ST C P A JO JEFFERSON B IN B Legend 7 R 1 A ST N . C IG 6 E R H Historic Resource GR 5 J

R T Seat Pleasant Survey O 6

H .

4 A 6

D T 4 ST

T H A VE

H .

. 6 A Historic Site L ST 3 VE. R .

D G D

. A N R

PL V KI . PL E . . . O ST ESN R D F N G N O 7 2 T 6 GRE N 1 D ST R 3 . 6 R T . E SEA 7 H 1 ST T ST U L 7 0 A T VE 7 H 0 T . ST 6 H AD 9 . T H D ST 6 . 9 ISO ST T . H N . IN 6 A T 8 VE. PL AR T . M H ST F 6 PL 8 T . H PL 6 . 7 S T T H . ST G PL O . YL . R D PL .

. ST Y L . EAR ST M T. A R S R . 6 D E . 9 . VI YL L ST ST T O 6 H AN EAG . 7 IC LA T 6 T D ST . H 8 ST T BAL . Y ST H AVE D N E O AD PL AV D . ST P E AR G . ID N EL K L W O O PL AD O R C C . . ST Y D YO N U . C G ST AP R ST IT C T OL BU I U T N BAL SU I C PL L . T A . AN ST C IA AL A . . VE ST ST ER ST . L W . G H YEO BU IST AM V . S AL P T N A L S PL A VE BAL U E . A Z L EN . EL . BRENNER ST. IN H T M E A Y A PL PL O . . L AN 0 265 530 1,060 1,590 XEN

Feet D

. A VE A A

A VE.

VE.

300 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Seat Pleasant (72-007) The WB&A tracks were dismantled and the right-of-way was paved to serve as a road. Seat Pleasant was established as a late-nineteenth- century streetcar suburb that adjoins the eastern corner Beginning in the mid-twentieth century, Seat Pleasant of the District of Columbia. The community is located continued to grow and many areas underwent south of Martin Luther King, Jr., Highway and Seat redevelopment. In the 1950s, many buildings, Pleasant Drive and is bisected by Addison Road. particularly along Martin Luther King, Jr., Highway and Seat Pleasant Drive, were demolished to make way In 1873, Benjamin L. Jackson, William B. Jackson, and for new commercial buildings and new housing. The George J. Seufferle platted the large community of Seat opening of the Capitol Heights and Addison Road-Seat Pleasant. The community was named for the nineteenth- Pleasant Metrorail stations in the 1980s again spurred century estate of the Williams family that was destroyed redevelopment and resulted in the construction of large by fire in the mid-nineteenth century. The early plat commercial developments near the stations. shows several buildings including houses, farms, outbuildings, cabins, and one store, reflecting the rural Seat Pleasant contains a wide variety of buildings nature of the area. constructed from the 1890s through the present. The largest period of development dates from the 1890s Large-scale development did not begin in Seat Pleasant through the 1940s. Buildings in Seat Pleasant reflect a until after the extension of the rail lines and streetcar variety of popular architectural styles including Queen lines from Washington, D.C. Although the District of Anne, Italianate, Colonial Revival, Craftsman, and Columbia developed a streetcar line in the 1860s, it several illustrations of the Modern Movement. Several was not until the 1890s that service was extended to structures are vernacular interpretations of popular communities in Prince George’s County. Seat Pleasant styles. Common building forms in Seat Pleasant include was located at the convergence of two railroad lines and Foursquare, bungalow, Cape Cod, ranch houses, minimal the streetcar line, which made it a convenient location traditional houses, and split-levels. A building form in for commuters. In 1898, the East Washington Railroad, Seat Pleasant is the detached rowhouse. These wood- also known as the Chesapeake Beach Railway, was frame houses are typically two stories in height with extended from the District line at Chesapeake Junction a full-width porch and have either a flat roof or a shed (as Seat Pleasant was originally known) through Prince roof. Most display modest interpretations of the Queen George’s County to Chesapeake Beach in Calvert County. Anne or Italianate styles, common in the late nineteenth By 1908, train service ran from Washington, D.C., century. Also common in Seat Pleasant is a number of through Seat Pleasant terminating in Annapolis. Taking two-story, front-gabled dwellings with a full-width advantage of the prime location near the rail lines, two porch. The community is predominately residential new subdivisions were platted. In 1906, lots 14 and 15 of and composed of single-family dwellings, although a Seat Pleasant were resubdivided and platted as Oakmont. few religious buildings are scattered throughout the That same year, lots 12 and 13 were resubdivided and neighborhood. Nonhistoric commercial development platted as Seat Pleasant Heights. Both subdivisions is located along Martin Luther King, Jr., Highway Seat featured small, narrow lots, typically 25 feet by 150 feet, Pleasant Drive, and in limited areas along the boundaries similar to those found in Washington, D.C. Also in 1906, of the neighborhood. The topography of Seat Pleasant community members gathered to choose a new name for is hilly and most houses are set on a flat or slightly- Chesapeake Junction. Several names were debated, but sloping lot. Mature trees are located throughout the the community agreed on “Seat Pleasant” and requested community. Houses typically have an even setback along that a Seat Pleasant post office be established in the a streetscape, although lots are of varying sizes. community. The Town of Seat Pleasant was incorporated in 1931. In 1935, the WB&A ceased operations as the popularity and accessibility of the automobile increased.

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 301 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

. . E D D DR V O I A O O V D Y W O O E W A L W O . D . O D E E D IS G FA W O E O Fairmount HeightsN L R V N M D O E V A E G L A I O

R E N D N G D . W E A D N (72-009) E I . N R A N Y T K . L L E Y E E A AJU V D V D O E A .IS A O . T H

N O A E .

L U

. N S K A L E

S E R V V P K E

A . D A H R N W C D . O .

N KS LN M O A A E O

SH O D L D S S E T S O K . T D

P . O

O M A A

AP A A

L O V V O E H

Legend E E C . W L

AR . L D B B

E N O O S R R

U R MANN ST. S

T D A A Fairmount Heights Survey O S

. D U T

T . T

M . .

A W S L DUEL PL. L Historic Resource E P 6

A 1 B

S Historic Site H NE A A T C L L

A S D A EE A L V IFF D M ER E SH IS L O 6 . T 0 R KO N T LB L S H E K T. E S LB T. S A KO T. V . E . E E . . V E

V . A K K A S V T E H H . A K T V ST. 6 T 5 7 J A 5 J ST. S J ST. JO T. D S R T JOST . S H T. ST. . E. ST. L AV JEFFERSON H P T H 8 H T H 5 T 9 T 9 5 0 . 5 6 L RO P A F D IE . LD E V A . E P V . L. A L P H D T N 0 2 6 T 6 D S N 1 2 6 6 D F R O 3 O . T 6 T E S

S D T. N

6 . IN L RT P MA

T. S LY R EA M A V R I Y O L LA A S N T. D

0 330 660 1,320 1,980 Feet

302 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Fairmount Heights (72-009) residents worked as clerks or messengers for the federal government. The increased growth in the community Fairmount Heights is an early twentieth-century created a pressing need for a dedicated school which African-American suburb located just outside the resulted in the construction of the Fairmount Heights easternmost corner of the District of Columbia in Prince Elementary School. Designed by William Sidney Pittman, George’s County. The community is roughly bounded by the school opened in 1912. In 1920, developer Robinson Sheriff Road, Balsamtree Drive, 62nd Place, and Eastern White constructed 19 bungalows on 62nd Avenue in the Avenue. In the late nineteenth century, the area that original Fairmount Heights subdivision. would become Fairmount Heights was the site of several small farms which were purchased and consolidated by After several unsuccessful attempts to incorporate in land speculators in the first decades of the twentieth the 1920s, the Town of Fairmount Heights was officially century. Fairmount Heights contains six subdivisions incorporated in 1935 with a mayor-council form of platted between 1900–1923 by different developers. The government. By the end of the 1930s, the new town initial platting contained approximately 50 acres that consisted of a brick schoolhouse, four churches, a fire were divided into lots typically measuring 25 by 125 feet. department, print shop, and several restaurants and stores. The community continued to grow in the mid- Developers encouraged African-Americans to settle twentieth century and was largely developed by the in the area, and the subdivision became one of the 1980s. Today the community remains a predominately first planned communities for black families in the African-American suburb. Washington, D.C., area. The earliest dwellings were of wood-frame construction of modest size; however The community contains a wide variety of buildings several substantial houses were also built. Early on, the constructed between 1901 and the present, although neighborhood was home to several prominent African- the majority of buildings date from 1901–1975. There Americans including William Sidney Pittman, a noted are a number of popular twentieth century styles architect and son-in-law of Booker T. Washington. represented in Fairmount Heights, including Queen Pittman took an active interest in the development Anne, Craftsman, Colonial Revival, and examples from of his own neighborhood. He formed the Fairmount the Modern Movement. Many of the dwellings are Heights Improvement Company, whose purpose was to vernacular interpretations, while others appear to be construct a social center for the community. Pittman mail-order kit houses by Sears, Roebuck & Company. had Charity Hall constructed, which was used for social Common building forms include American Foursquares, events, as a church, and as the community’s first school. bungalows, shotgun houses, ranch houses, split- foyers, and a number of L-shaped and T-shaped plans. In 1908, the Washington, Baltimore and Annapolis Many buildings have irregular massing due to modern Electric Railway opened, providing easy access for additions. A common building type in Fairmount commuters into Washington, D.C. Residents of Heights is the modest, minimally ornamented two- Fairmount Heights used the neighboring Gregory story, front-gabled, wood-frame dwelling constructed Station, located in Seat Pleasant. Other African- in the early twentieth century. The majority of houses Americans, encouraged by the development in Fairmount in Fairmount Heights are wood-frame construction and Heights, soon settled in the area. In addition to the are clad with a variety of modern replacement materials, Pittmans, James F. Armstrong (supervisor of Colored although a few houses do retain their original materials. Schools in Prince George’s County), Henry Pinckney The topography of the neighborhood is hilly and houses (White House steward to President Theodore Roosevelt), have uniform setbacks. The community is predominately and Doswell Brooks (supervisor of Colored Schools in residential and contains single dwellings, twin dwellings, Prince George’s County and the first African-American and multiple dwellings including apartment buildings. appointed to the Board of Education) all constructed Fairmount Heights contains several religious, social, and houses in the neighborhood. Fairmount Heights was also educational buildings. home to a growing professional community and many

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 303 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities L A N H A MS R E D S K N A R T ALCON A R U A E 8 O 5 U A T L R D S E A A T X N I A E O O D H A N R T L N NE IN O WLER LA I C FO E - N 4 R H

E A E AR HA IS 9

D R L D A D N 5 R

R T Y P O D

. T . DR. R E P & S E A D I OLLING VIEW L

R. A R .

I M L N V L B

I . . Glenarden O

- R N R . R R

A 9 E

A D R

D L A 5 T A R V COR N A

D D R

E B D E M

V A V . R E LN. A W CR E OS N K L S B H INMO T UNT (72-026, 73-026) A E ST D . . T . C M O RAN N S I DAL R E 7 L T N D H T V . 8 ROA . D RD. R N A A K G L P E M L E F A HA W R R . RK AETIN RD. E R R IN D D I D IS S H K E O T S C R . 5 R E T C

N C E A IC 8 O R . O R P A B K R V AL A L D D R SION P .

A S A . . FE D R E V O I D . T E V . R A C A

M . D L C D LACE R K A . P H C R E I O R N 9 H T D Y L 1 N M PL. . N I S A C

IT JENN N C . A T P C O T E L

H . R L T U P 8 . N D 7 CT. T T IN N ATE DRIVE R D. R L E ORPOR 1ST N D L D C 9 . E R T O Legend A SY WALKER G N N . N OUTE 50 O R E VE U.S. R S D P I N S R E ROAD A K D WALLAC H A Glenarden Survey J T

O E M ST. T AR F U DMORERD. . N . O AY F R T. IGHW E N A D C H R E V S NSON I L I HA S R T R N W A JOH T D E T

S L N T . H . I N I O L R E O Y L . . V L H O I A I P T B O . R D N T L K S W H U F W D W I N W H S E C R FAIRVIE

I I T H F

O R G O W Y E I IE

. P B H R O L A

D S W R D L A B D C L E C . O A I

E A W B A N A D E. D T T . AV R L V L O .

N H O T U E R E P A E T H E A AR

D D W S M

P W M L N I M D PL. C T A A R IC A V O K M YA UT A . P - B . D E Y A T O S A S OD DR. R E O N N O W E E E L R D RAINS C . T T K H SCR V R M S C U H V A T V G E . A A S O O G A P T A R . Z A T A N S A . F E A L S P

S D . R R C C Z F T T K D L R

T . A W E Y H H B N M . H O A J O SCRU TA T D A ART Y O R Y E B . W EL RE G LO H O L S T T W G P R K D S T. O R C

W S S P R D S E O . . PL T T. A . D E O B L IE E . T S M N . R A R K 1 A V E J D N I H R D I S EC OLS A P N A 9 D ST. R N Y R V S S D F A D HAYE M L V A O 2 T O L D I R E E . S V R . . E 9 A L J E. K A AWKE G R R P O C R AV N D. DWI E N E I CK - H ST. K ARDMOR E . . E N . T VE. RD L A . E L Y S A OR BE . O DM R T R P G R L R A H R E N D CK - E ON T WI S D YL S D CAR T . R N . A . A OL T A H T N V S E C C R D T. T G VE. O E D S . E L H T O J S R B F P H . R T . . T G O

S O P N I I W H L T .

J A R P E E U E OLK L . ST S R Y G S . D R O G L C I . N A T. D T D H L E IRD TH D H E . R S R C M O E N Y U L T J R R B S R O O T. V A K E S R F B D H

E A N A A N F N . Y D T S W B I R S T L AMADO R T B

S O E E C R. W D A S N S . . T T A . J L L .

T A D I C R V E U . S E T V L

A E E E G L D A S . G A A O . H . LE R V Y C N P V T C 7 Y R A A 5 O 4 K A . V I R C N T T Y D U I E T D T D 3 R . L H T E H H A AR . C R N 2 R H G T LN

1 C . A N L D IR D S M LL D A V F D A R. R I E U T ENA V OAD N P GL RDEN LA L E LT K PKWY . O W . .

R N Y S . ST . T T S T S T T A S E S S T V . L S A S E S R V S A M . E T . H S T H H C . T . B H C L . H T T A A . T T I T R N E. . 1 L L EE AV 0 9 L O TR 8 1 1 O W KE N E O REIC K M . H O . N E K S L R R X A D O K S B R R T OAD . O R E A EL .

V NE I

D A . D T RD 1S L HA G 8 N ST. M R P . HAMLIN L E O E IN . S V ST. B A G E N IR A D A L M N R D ST. T ST. . 2 W M 8 CA N AN A MP L Y U SO S RD. M N A D. S G R . T H . O E EVA K RTS O D V L . D R R . A ST LA A N ND A D

P N M EN RD. O

O V B . DR YR E

R S O E . Y D O R D

E N C N K P V A

L L

. A

N A N E O Y A M

H R U M R M E O M M R N SCOTT

X A M W E D

O . O O T E U RD.

T H . . Y T D

W G T R M

A D G R EENLEAF RD. . H M

B AR A L B . O WE L D R A L R R . O A R E UT B D Y L N E

E T N R O D 20

D A 2

BARLOWE E W A T E E

R N L D I I E RD L S NS . E A A R K

U I E T S D D D

L B P R S O E H U G R L A N L R R N A G T . A P A. T E E D L I A C L Y R L R E N L M . . R E TS O T N D R H H E S U IG D N D N E R V T B D . R AL B BA A B SI M O E RD. L C I T A D X . L L C

L B L R U T L E E A R . C AD

A A Y L P DR. T RO . H

P L

G E A

N D I L

E N

. C A V . .

D IR T EY . L D E R

E IFF R PEP ORN R R R PERC . E SH O S

A T

S D A M N T PL.

I E C K C S

S O

D 4 R

E 9

5 M

& VEN M DR. C HA U LLE R K BE T 9 T. . C C 5

. R N

O E R J

E L E P

T A T R

S R O Y . A E T

L D C

L Y A Y LE A N AL W

N D W

E . A I A R R . O D R

V R A

D R C

. L D S NA A K ARE A S T O PI P CA E

LL T

HI R AR S U EN

B A 0 700 1,400 2,800 4,200 U M

I Feet G M

A E

T L

304 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Glenarden (72-026/73-026) was replaced with a modern facility, Glenarden Woods Elementary School. Glenarden is significant as an early twentieth-century suburban community that was established in 1908 as a Raymond Smith opened a barber shop on George Palmer result of the development of the Washington, Baltimore Highway in the early 1950s. Smith recalls that there were and Annapolis (WB&A) Electric Railway. In February a number of businesses owned by African-Americans on 1910, William R. Smith of the District of Columbia the block serving the community of Glenarden including purchased 78 acres on the WB&A line between Lincoln his barbershop, two restaurants, a dry cleaner, and a gas and Ardwick Station. Later that year, Smith purchased station. Area businessmen supported activities for the a 76.3-acre parcel along the WB&A line from the estate youth of the community. In 1954, a recreation center of Ann H. Bowie. In 1911, the larger parcel was platted was erected at Church Street and Piedmont Avenue. as Glenarden Heights; in 1913, the smaller parcel Members of the Glenarden Men’s Club provided the was platted as Glenarden. A third parcel, across the center’s playground equipment. In the 1950s and 1960s, railroad line from Glenarden, was platted as Ardwick the population of Glenarden grew due to annexation of Park in 1921, but not recorded. Later Ardwick Park was Glenarden Woods, Glenarden Apartments, and Tyrol resubdivided and named Glenarden Woods. Glenarden Estates. In 1961, the population was 1,336. Woods was annexed by Glenarden in the 1950s; however, the Ardwick Park area had been referred to as Glenarden In 1964, the construction of I-495, the Capital Beltway, from its earliest days. resulted in the removal of all houses on Sixth Street and on the east side of Fifth Street. The semicircular streets Smith’s Glenarden Development Company marketed around the Glenarden railway stop were removed circa the community of Glenarden to African-Americans. In 1965 for construction of a municipal center that replaced 1922, the two-room Glen Arden school was constructed the first town hall. St. Joseph’s Catholic Church moved with the assistance of the Julius Rosenwald Fund in the from its original location in Ardwick Park in 1967. The Ardwick Park section. That year, St. Joseph’s Catholic community underwent a further transformation in the Church was built on a five-acre site in the same area. mid-1970s, when the town received a HUD Community By the end of the 1940s, there were 51 dwellings in the Development Block Grant. As many as 600 households area, with 25 in Glenarden, 20 in Glenarden Heights, were scheduled for relocation in the 1960s and 1970s, and six in Ardwick Park. The lack of amenities such with much of older housing replaced with public housing. as public utilities and paved roads likely hindered Few buildings from the first decade of development development of the suburban enclave. Through the stand in the community. The earliest buildings are efforts of the Glenarden Civic Association, in 1939, dwellings dating from the 1920s and are either the the Town of Glenarden was incorporated by an act of modest vernacular with Colonial Revival characteristics, the Maryland General Assembly. During the period or bungalows. Other residential building forms in the when the town’s fortunes were rising, the Washington, community include Cape Cod, ranch and split-level. The Baltimore and Annapolis Electric Railway Company houses display a variety of cladding materials including business was on the decline, and WB&A ceased service brick, concrete block, and aluminum and vinyl siding, in 1935. Access to the District of Columbia and other with some facades containing a mix of two materials. The employment centers was facilitated a decade later when houses east of Brightseat Road are larger than those on the Washington, Marlboro, and Annapolis Motor Lines, the west. Many of the smaller houses have been expanded Inc., began offering bus service between Glenarden and with additions. A majority of the houses in the Town of Seat Pleasant. Glenarden were constructed after the mid-1960s. In the final decades of the twentieth century, the population and W.H. Swann, who had served as president of the area of Glenarden continued to grow with the assistance Glenarden Civic Association, became the town’s first of further annexation. The Washington Commerce mayor in 1939. Improvements undertaken during Center and Carrollton Station subdivision were annexed his two-year term included the introduction of home in 1983. In 1985, Glenarden annexed the 245-acre Royal heating and electricity, the surfacing of roads, and the Gons tract on its eastern boundary. In summer 2008, establishment of a police force and a fire department. construction was underway on a $500-million mixed-use In 1943, the town hall was constructed; and in 1950, a development on the Gons site. post office. In 1957, the original two-room school house

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 305 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

. 4

E T 6 T V H 3 H A . R

P L A P H L. D P D A P V L T N L . V

0 T 2 D . E E 6 . S 6 N . 1 2 D G R 6 6 R E FO 3 . H Capitol Heights O 6 T T T S E LU D S Greater Capitol Heights N T. 2 . 6 . N T 6 I S 9 L T R 6 T P MA 8 H (75A-056) F 6 T A 8 H V 6 T P E 7 H L . T . H S T P . L T. . S LY R T. EA S M E L T. V A G S I R A Y T. O Y E E S . L V T A L A E S S A D D E N A G . T. D ID N T DP L W S A O O Y R O D C R N . K C U T Legend EAST G S C R IC A U LT . T PIT B A E S U O B V N L . C A FAYE U T A . L IC RS Capitol Heights Survey V E T A E T. A V EMMET A V L S . S L A N G M W S T T IE . E U A T. S ST. . B H A . R E DOLE LSV N N V A A A IS I A U E K U R V B L T H A O E BRENNER ST.E L E AT P I P P Greater Capitol Heights Survey Y B . N L A M L E L . . B A ALTOONA ST. . . E H E. . AV E V . C CENT A E RAL V V A Historic Site C . U A . E A ORES BELGIUM M ABDULST. E AZ V K B A V LN. E ST. E A

R BYE ST. P V

L E K O A L N T N D D O . T O E F U P V F CANADA A BE R P ST U N . D. DS A L S T. ST.

. E R E A . BR V E A R V E O A V V V O E E A E A K . M . L E O E S U

E . T R V . O

A U R . B D N

D R . E D HI F GH L A A V W M E A O B E W UN B O L I T A B E E L L IS V I ANE A . T V B V E O V E H L M A ST I HIG C . U G H G U I VI R Q EW U IN R H P N D F IE L. T L C S H E A T E L . H E . H R G G A V E I B E . S L A A V T E R . U V E E . B E T A T H T E E D N H V R R N . A E U R R N O E E V O I . W T L N V O C B O A . T E GO B L G A VEK R L S I S C S R E V RO U N N . A H T T Y E D E O O H R V . N A U . O E C U O D R A S M D O E S O R A K S M M T V T A . E D . U A T I O R . S K R A R L E L G R R I BO Y R H D N R E N A T N O I A O T D R O I Y C . R E V B A T I D O I Q O . T F V F A J A R L R AK Y N A S A E U E K A D O O O Y I H E V S U N L . N V L O L B T IE D R N P O I O A O I M U U L E F R K M K L R A S A E N P P A D P H Q L A O W T INK C A N R D AR I O A R . D S A N O O S P T C F L. . N W R E K T S A O . E E L PL E P O A ID . I A D CA U R N MPBE G S Q C D IOLAST. . LL M R T D A Q D U . O A U L A VE. E . S E DR . WA N T G A E LKER . L N N V E MILL S D OV T A V . R T . R A ST A E OAD . . . N M E V . GED V O A E A RUG A T V R LANE R A . L O S E B INS . L V . O L U R L E A E O P R O R V O C V . A I O R A E L IF V . E A L E C T . I V A R E N A P S STEN A N V P N SO U K A O I S E N Q C K ST T E N D . S O E I . E U R C L L R M N C L P A A R E O H L R A N C N A P H A R R L O S R M KE I L W K O A W E M AL M U O E M A R E W . E T R T Y S S L W S B I T P A H P B ETT T N V H T T E EN E B E B G O S O E E R R E E A W O P Y . R A G N . M N A L A O E Y D R M AVE L N W N S D U R N D L A MO D A SS E H PL L O R A O . R L R T. Y T A D S L . C . R B D NE G D W N I D S I N K O O D LA PR . Y N S U T S R O D C G D LY . O R S L P K W S O A S N U R H . A A I D O O K E S S D . D M G A R R R N O E S P O U T R B PL D T . B B .

. E A S UN V L R T N NDRIC L KE E O W X K R O N A R R E P Y V U E R D E A E D N E E V N B D R T . . G N E E

. R A I IE S . V A NG P . V TA E Y R W T L E V L D E . I E R. V . D F A G LD R N N IE M O F UE D I OK N IA CR OS S O R

E E N BR AV E N P P D D U E IK O IS . . O P E N AV . E E D R R DR E V V T A

V A .

A E L

A A

E . L 0 1.5 3 6 9 VE R V I

V A E H G E . Miles A OW VE . N E H A I AR

D M

I LA

W S

H S 306 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Capitol Heights and Greater Capitol completely out of the city and an ideal site for the Heights (75A-056) founding of homes by those who have long been forced to see their slender means being exhausted by city rentals.” Capitol Heights was established in the early twentieth In 1925, Capitol Heights was finally served by a bus century as a residential suburb adjacent to the line that ferried residents between their neighborhood southeastern boundary of Washington, D.C. In 1904, and Washington, D.C. The arrival of the bus line, along the subdivision was platted in three sections by with increased ownership of automobiles, resulted in Otway B. Zantzinger, a Baltimore-based businessman. a change of demographics as more African-Americans Zantzinger’s subdivision included approximately began to move into the once-segregated Capitol Heights 4,000 lots on land that was originally a large parcel of in the mid-twentieth century. woodland. The majority of lots in Capitol Heights were long, narrow, rectangular parcels. Lots were priced By the third quarter of the twentieth century, the between $20 and $60 and offered for sale with one dollar historic commercial core of Capitol Heights was losing down, and one dollar a month. Later advertisements many businesses, largely because of the construction of noted that the segregated subdivision was intended for a new Central Avenue that bypassed the town. By the whites only. As part of his commitment to the success 1970s, the once-bustling commercial corridor along Old and growth of the neighborhood, at his own expense, Central Avenue had begun to decline and buildings were Zantzinger constructed an elementary school for Capitol being abandoned. Many of the commercial buildings Heights residents. Opened in 1905, the school had over along Old Central Avenue were demolished in the 100 children in attendance in its first year. By 1907, 1980s. Vacant lots and parking lots that took the place Zantzinger had sold over 3,500 lots and more than 1,000 of the commercial buildings in Capitol Heights have residents had made Capitol Heights their home. no visual or physical relationship to the neighborhood. Residential construction in Capitol Heights and Greater Although the subdivision was not directly located on the Capitol Heights was largely completed by the mid-1970s. railroad or streetcar lines, the adjacent neighborhoods The sense of a neighborhood remained despite the loss of Maryland Park and Seat Pleasant were served by the of the commercial core. Today, Capitol Heights contains rail lines. Because of its relative convenience to public over 4,100 residents, of which 92 percent are African- transportation and the affordability of the houses due American. to low construction costs, Capitol Heights proved to be a popular new subdivision. Capitalizing on this popularity, The community contains a wide variety of buildings in 1909, Zantzinger platted Greater Capitol Heights, a constructed between 1904 and the present. The 400-acre tract of land located on the southern edge of majority of buildings constructed in Capitol Heights Capitol Heights that included an additional 4,500 lots. and Greater Capitol Heights date from the 1910s through the 1970s. There are a number of popular Residents of Capitol Heights and Greater Capitol Heights twentieth-century architectural styles represented in were white, had small families, and had working-class the community including Craftsman, Colonial Revival, jobs that included firemen, salesmen, electricians, and examples from the Modern Movement. Vernacular plasterers, carpenters, post office workers, merchants, interpretations from the Queen Anne style are also and printers. The growing community incorporated as the present. The residential buildings are modest and display Town of Capitol Heights in 1910 in an effort to improve minimal ornamentation, typical of their use for middle- roads and public services for residents. Advertisements and working-class residents. The majority of houses for Greater Capitol Heights promoted the community are small one- or one-and-one-half-story designs. The as “cool and delightful. No Landlord. No Rent. No topography of the neighborhood is hilly with houses built Building Restrictions. No Malaria. No Mosquitoes. No on sloping lots often with partially exposed basements. Sleepless Nights. Pure Water. High Elevation. Perfectly Some residential buildings in the community have been Healthy. Beautiful Shade.” The community was noted rehabilitated for commercial use. as being “Within the one-fare radius” but “nevertheless

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 307 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

VICTO I S R

ON OL F RI AW

D ANN BIN LI CA N E C R IDG . R N D. ANLBR ANKS T R W H C E E I A IE B E C ERN ANC SISA ST M A V S BR LBE S L ILLR E

EET D I G TIN STR .S D WES Y DR R N A . R L . RT UR VE M COU WILB R D B A ILL . N R CT W RIGHT ST GTO E . HARRIN A IV . D Y

P District Heights D EET U E

EET STR P R

STR N A N Q D

DRIV D

GTO C

MIN R

FLE YSE BUR I O

KE . O RT CT E N O COU R WIL ER . T O

A U RD HN R UE OA . EC W

(75A-057) BE O

AVEN P W A T D I AINT E N . W STE P A TON T E Y G CHE HAL CT L ING D E A SH A R . R A T R D D W E N P

LN ER TINE . ST PALA A S P STN O UT ST PL.

UE L H A

VEN AINT A . SH D . ST UT A P AL V E . VD E T RE RD. ST EN O T BL Y GE . O AN . N P CT U OR EOLA SO L. UP N OOD MOD E WAY E . MILDERDS R NW U A CT N. A F L

DR T IR

E C R K

H O

W T

IVE R L O

F L N W

I S A

RON M H A Y

U O

A C E

R E B L A T D K W D F D O E

A E E

L I W Y R . N N R R R D R V F D G . E D O R O I GL E N R V L U E E R RL B A V R Legend E D R O D EN T D L KE D . PI D V N EL R AL EN . D

E . N D W

C DR . W F R E SH CT IRFI E G A D . R R ADY F CT District Heights Survey O F N R A H VE DR I . KA GL IRFI . L L R EN R SI . ELD D EN . . L DR V . R E . FAL TI B C ER CT D LS T T L LAN G R V C T T E R BE Y . O D H ON Y EN OU D V T G HA C R I A S GL E O P R A O C E D P E D U H V I A . CAMPFIRE I PR S SHINE E L L R AR O O R A D ST L R SP SP D S L E N T COURT D R A S O IT R

Y Y E

C RT D T D B

A . R D

U K L PR O O A N

W D R A A

COU

O A O W

. . A V R E R L

W BERRY PLACE . D .

L T

D L A

E VA C

R B SP Z SO

R L ANNY DR. L .

A IL T W E

I M A N H . I W M A N GH SC ER R

LK O T T O A . D E O O W H N O E R

V N A D N T T INE A L P S R G A T E R T L W V L . L R KE A . Y AY O PKWY E . G . E . AD KW T O . R C E ST Y D D A OO S P D R TW T. N A D ST D R I R D S G OD Y N A W L . ON . I . PK . ATWOODST. - M L R V SO P E ST I E. S A OA T. EL HT S EIG K R S E H D H N Y . BR M . PI . O D AL ST T R AR N D OC N D OO T. E R . B R S E U D LW N BAY WA T ST D ST R Y OU BE R F . IC T O R Y R D N O Y C . A L ST ST V OS OT I O D N E R AB L ST C . O U Y ET O ST BO E T . W E . MAN N KE S Y R U E LN R A EW E E . A U D K D H EW L C PK U V M R E ST R E Y C T LL EN A EL EL B HA I N I GA V EN V D ER OU V A N E T E V E E LA BL AM OS . A E E U D F N R ST R L N

AZ R PARK R AZ C E G O

L IN G EN E

. I V L LA A R E L PL I IP N R V E N T K E A U CT . L R E D D E R A Y E M U R L N . R D AS U I T C D NS LA N . K N O E C R D OS I EN LE G N V D . TZ R W M V EN AL I A H R E IM A A V . L N D DR . . D L A A A R . T R D R SD A LN D D D Y LANSDALE ST. N LO ST D . R . PL ENPL D . LA EL RING IS W L H PL. . E O AN K . � N E N P ST . CALVARY L. KL F EY MIL ARD N FOR D P VINEY

R D T D HI E N A W EN K E H P PL. W VE. A A T AL S LE I R D L H . D E. GR GL EE RUID A D E' D V A E. T F I G Y T V R A O T R N U V L N . I . C N ER C PL ST I J EW H A AN . ON L

R K I N E S EY F R N Y O E

E R D M M OV N D D T

R AR E . IO I U NS ST BO N G S N LE . N PI L. P Y E R E

E D R P LO A ST D L. EN N

. M L

R E ST U AR

SY . V I N O T AN T N OY LA H A ST A J U L R . R N U EA D E T U S H S R KI T E PD E. O K R A KE OY R M A ST R U V E A . N ER T VI N A R CE DR. RRITTST L OV E . T VI S N LA E M E N A E C C I . XA ON ST R ACKPL. L . Y VI A . W D O ST SU N L . RITCHIE R RRE F T Y SQ S ST Y . M UAR R AR A ST U N ST E L . H W AN . L D E EE D B K KE R K ST OR R OA R LA G R C Y R A I KI AM O V A S P M N

E P H EW ST IL N EA E - M CHA L . AR VEZ DR. U OR E EN E E PE V IV U L NN L RIVE SYL A R I D VA D EN V . N I V T A C A R S LN E OS E V I S EVANS R PL. S R TON O R Y O . . N E T D R L . F A W E PL C DON LE A ER NEL ST M I L A H RE T L ET T V P . L GD D

W E . E ILKIN K O . E M N A

S PL. N E PL. N I Y R V W A R O

O PI PU . E R

ON T E T

PL R ST. SP

T S S ONA R

I LE T

ER D E T S YS O A

U T L

AL AN G

R L

R W W R L S

KE L I E E L N E E V T E E E RIV

EARL D T T T L

E N R S KE S K A YS M TO N O E C EY N I . M . F W O R R . C E T AN VE D I R O A BE C LTZ D PL V C A . A O F T T ST D R E I C B CRIC K D P E NN - ELT WAL R TERS . 0 1.5 3 6 9 LN. F . O DR.

Miles D R R

308 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

District Heights (75A-057) Over the next 15 years, Washington Estates, Inc., added four additional sections to District Heights and District Heights was established in the first quarter operated as a merchant builder, constructing a large of the twentieth century as a commuter suburb number of modest, modern houses. Rosoff and his located approximately two miles east of the District of son, Nathaniel B. Rosoff, streamlined construction Columbia. District Heights is very roughly bounded by and repeatedly used the same architectural designs Walker Mill Road to the north, Ritchie Road to the east, throughout the community. The FHA-approved housing Pennsylvania Avenue to the south, and Brooks Drive was marketed to returning veterans from World War II. to the east. In the late nineteenth century, the land The community was advertised as having “winding roads, that became District Heights was farmland owned by wooded lots, and shaded streets, laid out in a manner Major Leander P. Williams. Williams’ farm was located to preserve the natural charm and beauty…” As part of adjacent to the Washington and Marlboro Turnpike. In their development, the Rosoffs also constructed District 1925, the 505-acre Williams farm was purchased by the Heights Apartments (now known as the Woodland District Heights Company. The company chose the site Springs Apartments). These Colonial Revival-style because of its elevated location close to Washington, garden apartments were built from 1949 through 1951. D.C. Clean water and sewage disposal were provided by The 925-unit garden-apartment complex was located to natural springs and two streams that ran through the the north of the single-family residential development area. Before the construction of any houses, the District constructed by Washington Estates, Inc. New houses Heights Company laid out streets, curbs, sidewalks, gradually grew larger, moving from one-and-one-half- water lines, electric lines, and fire plugs. story minimal traditional and Cape Cod-inspired designs By 1926, the District Heights Company constructed and one-story ranch houses to two-story Modern approximately 25 houses, which included five-room Movement split-foyers and split-levels. In 1960, District “California” bungalows and two-story, six-room American Heights was excluded from The Maryland-National Foursquare houses. The new subdivision was described Capital Park and Planning Commission’s jurisdiction and as a “community of homes for government employees” was subsequently known as the City of District Heights. and a place that “answers the cry of the wage earner for a Buildings in District Heights are primarily residential restricted community coming up to the high ideals of the with limited commercial development along Marlboro average workingman and still at a price within his reach.” Pike. Buildings range in age from 1925 to circa 1965. Commercial development was limited to the edge of the There is little modern infill within the community. community along Marlboro Pike. A service station and Building forms represented include the bungalow, the Sanitary Grocery Store were constructed in 1926 to American Foursquare, Cape Cod, minimal traditional, serve the growing neighborhood. Between 1926–1936, ranch houses, split-foyers, and split-level houses. Styles the District Heights Company continued to build new represented in the survey area include Craftsman, houses and sell lots for the construction of individual Colonial Revival, various examples from the Modern houses. Movement, and limited illustrations of the Tudor Revival The Town of District Heights was incorporated in 1936 and Dutch Colonial Revival. The topography of District by the Maryland General Assembly. In the 1940s, District Heights is relatively flat with some rolling hills. Houses Heights was improved by several different developers. All typically have a consistent setback, approximately 25 of the companies constructed modest, affordable, single- feet from the road. Houses constructed in the 1960s family houses with Federal Housing Administration (FHA) are sometimes set on the lots at an angle to the street, financing and planned for federal employees. Typical creating undulating patterns in the streetscape. The houses included Cape Cods and minimal traditional- earliest sections of District Heights, platted in 1925 and influenced designs. These companies were subsequently 1929 have a rectilinear pattern, while sections platted replaced in 1946 when Manhattan subway builder Samuel from the 1940s through the 1960s have curvilinear R. Rosoff, dubbed “Subway Sam,” established Washington streets with long blocks, as recommended by the FHA. Estates, Inc., and purchased the remaining 300 acres of undeveloped land in District Heights.

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 309 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Boulevard Heights & Bradbury Heights (75A-058)

B . E

D N

R N

Legend LL G I

Boulevard Heights & H R Bradbury Heights Survey D MAR . ES LBOR Historic Site O Q U R IN OON AI N B K L S PI T NKAR C S . D I H S PL. ELL W T T S OR . P E A D L. UI U QU Q G R M N E U D S E E T L V S . I D N T. R E W E S . U VE. I T VE. A A LL S . A LT T VEN B ON . A YER C VE. LAR S A IA D S D EN K T A E . VE. L T S A C LI T T R S . S T S IT A A T EN . OVC

INGS N . D B E

BILL LAR EW

I D L

. N H L S

P L K S O O T I T . N PL. U V . . A G S D A VE. NETT T R S EN B G T O EL A B N AVE YL S MOSS H E OR NU AD AVE NEW P D LAN E YSI NNSYLVANIA D

ENDRIC K K

D D 0 1.5 3 6 9 R . Miles I VE

310 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Boulevard Heights and Bradbury production, standardization, and prefabrication. Thus, Heights (75A-058) Boulevard Heights and Bradbury Heights, with their well-established domestic facilities and accessibility to Boulevard Heights and Bradbury Heights were established various modes of public transportation, proved to be one in the early twentieth century as adjoining residential of the best locations in Prince George’s County for the suburbs adjacent to the southeastern boundary of integration of the suburban ideals of home ownership Washington, D.C. Located on the southeast side of and community in a single real estate transaction. Southern Avenue, the two subdivisions were platted four years apart, but were developed simultaneously and Today, the two subdivisions of Boulevard Heights and now read as one cohesive neighborhood. In 1901, the Bradbury Heights remain modest residential suburbs widowed Laura E. Baker of Washington, D.C., purchased in Prince George’s County, illustrating the housing 35 acres of wooded land and in January 1906 the forms and styles of the early to mid-twentieth century. residential subdivision of Boulevard Heights was platted. The community contains a wide variety of buildings Boulevard Heights was a small subdivision located on constructed between circa 1906 and the present. The a roughly triangular parcel. The land was divided into majority of buildings constructed in both Boulevard approximately 600 lots with a rectilinear grid plan Heights and Bradbury Heights date from circa 1915 creating 19 blocks. The individual lots were long and through circa 1970. There is no discernable difference narrow, approximately 20 feet wide and 100 feet deep. between the development plans of the two subdivisions, The Boulevard Heights Company offered lots for sale at nor the buildings constructed in either location. $25, $75, and $100. New construction was slow. There are a number of popular twentieth-century architectural styles represented in the community, In 1909, Washington-based real estate developer Robert including Craftsman, Colonial Revival, and a variety of F. Bradbury purchased 106 acres of land to the northeast illustrations from the Modern Movement. Common of Boulevard Heights. Bradbury paid $16,000 for the building forms present in both subdivisions include property, of which almost 18 acres were located in the Foursquares, bungalows, Cape Cods, ranch houses, District of Columbia on the northwest side of Southern minimal traditional houses, split-foyers, and split-levels. Avenue. Responsible for developing large portions of The residential buildings are modest and display minimal southeast Washington, D.C., Bradbury platted Bradbury ornamentation, typical of middle-class residences. The Heights in June 1909. Like the adjoining Boulevard majority of pre-World War II-era houses are small one- Heights to the southwest, Bradbury Heights continued or one-and-one-half-story designs. Later construction the grid pattern and street naming system of Washington, by developers is typically one-and-one-half-story or two- D.C. The lots, approximately 1,500 in total, were 20 feet story houses. The topography of the neighborhood is wide and 100 feet deep. Lot sales in Boulevard Heights hilly and is scattered with mature trees. Because of the began to pick up in 1910 and continued with steady terrain, many houses sit on sloping lots with exposed sales through 1914. The onset of World War I, however, basements. Setbacks along the streets vary. Many of slowed sales. the houses constructed in the mid-twentieth century have either detached garages or garages integrated into Development slowly continued in the two subdivisions the basement level. Streets in both subdivisions adhere through the 1920s and 1930s. Several builders, began to a rectilinear grid. Buildings in Boulevard Heights purchasing lots and constructing neighboring houses, and Bradley Heights are predominately residential which were offered to prospective homeowners. with limited commercial development located along Unlike the first homebuyers of Boulevard Heights Southern Avenue. Several residential houses on the main and Bradbury Heights who purchased vacant land, thoroughfares of Southern Avenue and Alton Street have prospective homeowners of this period were provided been rehabilitated for commercial use. with completed houses, typically outfitted with all of the available modern conveniences. Many of the residential buildings directly reflected the influence of the Federal Housing Administration’s (FHA) guidelines for small houses and neighborhood planning, such as mass

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 311 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

ADD ISON ST. N

S I . D R IVERSON D D O A W Forest Heights ENS

AV (76A-036) E. T E RY E AU R M T S G L A N S TO S G M VIN IR A N

D R EAL

I D N

D R E D V R I I . R A . D N Legend E LAN Y NE RE PTU UD E L A N E Forest Heights Survey K V E E N R A M V E E Historic Site O T . N T T UE N . EN LN AV U Y S E T CY R R R AR UD . M A D .

R. D ON LI R VI HU . H N DR G H E RT S

A A NO EC T N D O SE N M E OHIC RIV AN D MODOC L N N S .

O F H O IR O

T X O X A Y Q T W W O A U E O A A W Y V N R W O IS I E

L R A P E S D O H W U D A T R Y B L D H IV A C R H E O U K . N R R. O O . D

H D N N R IEL

D I F

D S

G D I A R

G D C N

R H E

C A . H A R W N D A

L S

E A W E R A T . D . K IRCHWOO

Y B D

. K O O E

B O P E V A QUAD S L W A D R

D A C D S

H R T

R L . D O .

P . E P E A E R G W R L A E E T D DRIVE R . LTWAY D BE AL R CAPIT

OXON

R . T A D O M LV -2 P B 9 E 5 D

N H A R A G V IELD A E STF C WE

I I N R N E D M H I T A A WOR 0 1.25 2.5 5 7.5T A WENT T. V R N S O . E P Miles D ORD WF . H LV CRA T B R E O D N N A R G A IC R E 312 M Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan TA R O P H T U O S Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Forest Heights (76A-036) full basement and equipped kitchen.” The houses were “preengineered and prefabricated” by American Houses, Forest Heights was established in 1940 as a suburban Inc. The twin houses proved to be overwhelmingly residential community adjacent to the southeastern popular, and by 1955 Allen & Rocks, Inc., had sold boundary of Washington, D.C. Located on the south side 180 houses and were opening their third section for of Southern Avenue, the community is divided by Indian development. Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, Head Highway. In 1940, the Washington Heights Realty the town of Forest Heights annexed several parcels of Corporation platted Forest Heights on a 136-acre tract land on both sides of Indian Head Highway, gradually of undeveloped, wooded land. The streets were named increasing the municipal boundaries of the town. Forest after Native-American tribes, such as Iroquois Way and Heights was fully developed as a residential suburb by Mohican Drive. In June 1941, real estate firm McKeever & 1965. Today, the community remains an active commuter Whiteford advertised a “Special for Builders.” They invited suburb and contains approximately 2,600 residents who “reliable” builders to see their “beautiful new subdivision. live in more than 900 houses. 400 wooded lots, approved for FHA low-cost housing loans.” By October of that year, Southern Maryland The community is predominately residential with limited Homes, Inc., was pre-showing their model home in the commercial development located on the northeastern Forest Heights subdivision. The “Homes of Five and Six edge along Livingston Road. The community contains a Rooms” in the “Defense Area” sold for $5,250 to $5,990 variety of buildings constructed between 1940 and the and were advertised for their convenient location near present. The majority of buildings in the survey area the Navy Yard and Naval Research Laboratory. As the date from 1940 and circa 1956. There are a number of name Forest Heights implies, the new suburb was located popular mid-twentieth-century architectural styles outside the low-lying city. represented in the community, including Colonial Revival and numerous illustrations from the Modern After World War II, the economy in Maryland was stable Movement. Many of the buildings show the influence enough to support private construction once again. This of both the Colonial Revival and Modern Movement, had a tremendous effect on growing suburbs like Forest demonstrating the transitional nature of mid-twentieth- Heights, which by 1949 contained approximately 300 century architectural styles, fenestration, and materials. houses with new construction continuing at a rapid pace. Common building forms include Cape Cods, ranch These new houses were marketed directly to veterans houses, minimal traditional, split-foyer, and split-level returning from the war and employees of the outlying houses. Both wood-frame and masonry houses are found government and military installations. The opening of throughout the community. Houses are typically one or the South Capitol Street Bridge (now called the Frederick one-and-one-half story in height, although two-story Douglass Memorial Bridge) in 1950 provided an easier Colonial Revival-style buildings are scattered throughout commute between the District of Columbia and Prince the community. The neighborhood is largely single- George’s County, thus attracting new residents to family houses; however, the southeastern portion of the Forest Heights. The improving methods and routes of community developed by Allen & Rocks, Inc., consists transportation offered to the residents of Forest Heights completely of two-story twin dwellings. The buildings encouraged development more rapidly than previously in Forest Heights are modest and display minimal experienced. In 1954, Ralph and Jean Rocks resubdivided ornamentation, typical of middle-class residences. The a portion of Forest Heights and platted three sections on topography of the neighborhood is hilly, overlooking which they constructed large, two-story twin dwellings. the nation’s capital, and scattered with mature trees. The These twin dwellings, constructed by Allen & Rocks, platting and individual houses in the neighborhood show Inc., were chosen as one of The Washington Post’s the influences of the FHA standards and guidelines. The “Homes of ’54.” The “semidetached” house was offered curvilinear streets have long, uninterrupted blocks with for sale at $13,950 with no down payment. The houses houses on large, evenly spaced lots. featured “three bedrooms, 1 ½ baths, copper plumbing,

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 313 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

PEN NSY E LVA DRIV NIA

N Morningside L E EVA PL. V NSTON R I O R D (76A-039) . N W A R C D I ONNE L LL STR E M T EET L T . W O ILKINS K W PL. EY PL.

E R . N I E N D

V O . . O G L A T NA P R LEO

T E S T R S E N E

E U T Y S

L A T A R E

W O

S K N T R R L S L E E IV L EARL DR E T E T E L K E EYS R M TO N A N K O C Y M N I W F E . . A O R . T E L C N IV E D BELT DR C P O Z Legend V A C T A R A .

S D T I CRICK E T C D WA R Morningside Survey LTERS . LN.

R D

E WOODLAND R S R I O V A S T D

U IT G R M . L AP R A O L D N - E W . D V P LLO R R R. E AR E D . K ODF D D N LANE P W GO . TO R A LAY I Y

C N D

RF K E NDO VE. YL MA A IN E BOX

EL E N WOOD DR J A .

R L F TE O -

EN R I E D UC H IN GROV

L A P E G E. N D AV N R.

A E I

R K S A D

M C . .

O T

R D . R N T E D R N E . T R E LARKS A S R . LGIN PUR RD S .

E S T T A CT. T . S . M E E Y I N L R I D . L RD. L O LA Y R RC D K A A HES S . H R LP D ST. O C AMES D R A T. N O L A L R D A I D E R S I N V R A E D G J . N R AN O GY H O G N E R RD M P T. LA . C P NE . O N D . P IA T R R C A A A M R IT T TAM A N KE T

A W IC W O P T 5

E . JU O 9 T D T S C DC S R ST. R E O E T N E O A C F K T S T D U . S W R T IC T R A IV T. A E L E N TC E P C T TO AME B N URN I N TO B U D

O R R DRIVE L I . . D LN G IN ELD E CK P M O AV A R E V T . . E D E N V R U A . E . E V R A E . M E Y V A A AY R LTW B O D BE T N R A AL A M PIT B R CA A

RSW . D A E E A C V O L A R ER L LL E T . E V W A A S U R D T A R H C O D M F A A D V X E I R . W M G S E E E R D V L U A L IF R . F G E D I A V R T A 0 420 840 1,680 2H,520 M IS . D B R Feet A R R X O . T E M R

314 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Morningside (76A-039) platted the First Addition to Upper Morningside. The small subdivision of 65 lots continued the curvilinear Morningside is a suburban residential community street plan of Upper Morningside. To solve the numerous located immediately northwest of Joint Base Andrews. problems faced by the growing community in the 1940s, Developed in the 1940s, Morningside is one of many the Town of Morningside was incorporated in 1949. World War II-era communities that were established The town faced continual problems with flooding and outside the larger Washington metropolitan area to lack of adequate water and sewer services. In the mid- serve the rapidly growing population. Morningside was 1950s, the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission originally platted in 1937 and consisted of 79 irregularly constructed water and sewer lines in the community shaped lots that varied in size from 5,000 square feet and, in the 1970s and 1980s, Community Development to over 117,000 square feet. In 1939, a public auction Block Grants dramatically improved the infrastructure was held to sell the unimproved lots in Morningside. of the community with the installation of storm drains, The “Large Wooded Lots” were described as being curbs, gutters, sidewalks, and paved streets. By 1970, near Suitland, Maryland, and just three-and-one-half the community was fully developed. miles from Washington, D.C. An advertisement in the Washington Post noted that by October 1940, over The community is predominantly residential, with 100 houses in Morningside had been sold and between limited commercial development located on the eastern 30–40 families were already in residence. By 1941, over edge along Suitland Road. The community contains a 100 families lived in Morningside, which was then called variety of buildings constructed between c. 1900 and circa Morningside Village. The modest, four-room houses were 2000. The majority of buildings in the survey area date sold for $2,990 and Federal Housing Administration from circa 1940 to circa 1952 and are modest Cape Cod (FHA) loans were available for prospective homebuyers. houses. Other building forms in the community include ranch houses and split-foyers. The oldest building in the Capitalizing on the popularity of Morningside, in 1942, neighborhood, the Thomas farm house, is a vernacular landowner Boyd Farinholt worked with Walter Powers L-shaped house constructed circa 1900 and altered in the to plat and develop a 54-acre plot of land they named early twentieth century by the addition of a one-story, Upper Morningside. Influenced by the FHA’s standards one-bay porch. Mid-twentieth-century architectural and guidelines that were published between 1934–1940, styles represented in the community include the Colonial this plat consisted of curvilinear street plans; large lots Revival and illustrations from the Modern Movement. with consistent setbacks; long, uninterrupted blocks; The overwhelming majority of houses are wood frame and several culs-de-sac. Farinholt and Powers worked as with limited examples of masonry construction. Houses operative builders and commissioned builders Hopkins are typically one to one-and-one-half stories in height, and Wayson of Brandywine to build the houses. By although two-story split-foyer buildings are scattered selecting a single builder, Farinholt and Powers were able throughout the community. The buildings in Morningside to streamline large-scale production of houses, resulting are very similar in design to each other, illustrating their in quicker and more affordable construction. Upper construction by a single operative builder. The houses Morningside was developed around a circa 1900 house, are modest and display minimal ornamentation, typical known in the community as the Thomas farm house. of mid-twentieth-century residences designed for the The building is seen on a 1938 aerial of the area and middle class. The platting and individual houses in the predates all other buildings in the community. Located southern portion of the survey area show the influence at 4406 Maple Road, the house is a current reminder of of the FHA guidelines on the design of the neighborhood. Morningside’s history. Taking advantage of the demand The curvilinear streets have long, uninterrupted blocks for housing and the prime location near Joint Base with houses on evenly spaced lots with even setbacks. Andrews (formerly Andrews Air Force Base), builders Although developed as a commuter suburb, there are Randolph Hopkins and Morgan Wayson purchased land very few lots with garages. on the south side of Upper Morningside and, in 1947,

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 315 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

N ER H T U O S

SU Hillcrest Heights IT LAN O D XO

N Y E R (76A-044) L U L N . A

R PL V D .

N N E U E R F R N A G . IR XO R B C D R H O A T ILL N . C H

Legend SUI TL A AN N VEN D

L U O E O Hillcrest Heights Survey XO . R R D N R M D. D P . AR R Historic Site T O K PE . O R XO H 5 D UN N VE. DRIVE C O A N O L T G ASSI U . ST R . . . ST E T B K SC THAM S E ROO . O WEL LLB T T 3 T B S 2 I 2 N S . 8 E S H PL T I D EEN H L T 3 D 1 ABER L R A B U ST VE. RO C O A C K ST . T. PL VE. 30 OVER 2 2 T . AND 3R 7T H D EET H A P R VE. K T 2 ST. 6 HI S TA W N S T LLCREST BONI Y XO N 2 H T O O 5 PKW . FT T Y A H P 2 . AR O EY 5 T L T S EVER D KL H KW EST D ER L R S VE B O A A 2 2 . I I . 2 VE. Y 9 9 L R T IST 4 T T V D R T A H H E S B H A VE. R VE. A PL B . VE. R H N L P . IL FTO P L L AN L A IL . D K . C IXO . S T S H T 2 T S UM

S 3 A MI N T C D N R C T. E S 2 D U U D N AR NL SO 6 3

R W 2 A A N T P O D N D A T H R S . IVE D K VEN EA R C S EET D I T P . R R A PL T W T S K D E R U LIO A E K E E . W T AR H T . S N C T P A S O Y WN X LA FAIR O A S FO . VE. TREET ST PL 2 E KE 8 . R . T ER O T T O H H C T C N ILL 2 X K 4 AI EBR N E S TH G T L SO S ITO A O T. C 2 S S 3 C N R IVER E 2 D TR . A S 1 O . . LAWAY ST. VE. T T 2 ST L S T 2 1 A P S 0 E . ST . G L S R T . H A M O . . 2 J C 2 N C K H 1 D T Y 4TH KE I L 9 2 2 A T M A 7 . I H R . VE. G T O P T A IN . H . R U L VE. T S T T C P . . P D N EA S

L T K L

ZA T . Z . . S

RO 2 A D

C A 4

D . T R VE. R . R H PL. . T . D S . ST EET AKE S R S S S A T K S T. T VE. O . A Y C C R R C R A P L E A O A KSN . H EET L VE. A BE W T T R AI C A I D V

UL S A T R L. I P R. R

L S R E G E R C D AC K

L L N N O O

L A O O U UE D R . T .

B C B N D N R O M LE E R. D O O K 2 W C 3R K D AIR A N . . CL 1 2 L 9 O 2 N P ST. T ESO D K

H . IR

. E V BY JAM ST A G IN DR T I P A VE S L C EA AC K N EET E ER T A R . VE. T VI S YO S I CHTREE L IER IR R B L ST P R 1 N A C 2 L. . R

H L IT OLSON A

A I N E SO C CT. N ST VER B T. AN RO . ST. G 4 I I S AY P K 1 E A H R AR T 4 N . C D O H E H AC E M EE K U T R T L I A R T D E E .

OW R P B ST. P D E R LL E D CL

I R S OH W E M E E E C

RED LV IFT R W LA L O 2 AN . OD N DR U I ON LN 3 . AL P F T C S A DR. K T R L P L D L. L. A O M J A B D N

R . I L D N IER L O N P CR D

. O T N

FI E AK A O EL C T TR H E D EE A R S EM R R RO

N PKW K R C E EM L A A O E N. L L N

A A AD I D

M . N ILYN D EN . R AR

E .

DR. N A M . . Y CR BBO . R R DR DR AD O SO TH RO EM AD D O

R D M E T T RO

AN O W PSO S N T A E L VER N B

H I A AD D E M EERFIEL AN EEL LO K N N

D EL ABY ER R A P L R. M M N N R B

ER AL D . VE. L T. D . . T A C E T. W AR N ST S C D L . O B R R N O O O . S T B T H L RIC N D Y AR KE O B R AG C Y A L EET AV U AN NA E M . L AR AN AVE. D D B E BA LE ER N . RN S BO A AB LI L R Y E A

V D D U LD E. O D E

R L I

R U

S ESL IVE EV OAD L

R S R

O T

AR O A

T . AD T U N

T H D D H BBO I A L BAR L

N R ABY O AD B AD O R OAD R OWENS R F O R RA A D F D I D ZI . E E W L R. R D RY

RLIND . . ST A I BAR O T . T

0 1.25 2.5 5 7.5 N A A V E D Y N N E A L G

N DA C R W F ORLI A R T N NDA L E L . IN T BEL O Miles D A R O TAL I RL W S O D CAPI T

W A

O R B

316 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Hillcrest Heights (76A-044) houses, to “semidetached” twin dwellings. Constructed of concrete blocks faced with brick, the houses were 21 Hillcrest Heights is a mid-twentieth-century residential by 29 feet and 17 by 28 feet. One of the twin houses suburb located just south of the southeastern boundary was chosen as a “Home of ‘50” and was described as two of Washington, D.C., and Prince George’s County. The units, each consisting of six rooms separated by a party community of Marlow Heights is located to the south. wall. The house had a “convenient powder room” on the Branch Avenue, a heavily traveled road, runs to the east first floor and a “fully equipped kitchen approximately of the neighborhood. the same size as the living room.” The three-bedroom Prior to the platting of the first subdivision, the land units had air conditioning, a hot-water tank, garbage that would become Hillcrest Heights was undeveloped disposal, and “a handy broom closet.” Each unit also had and heavily wooded. The land was originally part of the a basement with a separate entrance. The construction eighteenth-century plantation known as Colebrooke, of twin dwellings continued throughout the 1950s. As a which was owned by the Addison family. Section One result, Hillcrest Heights has the largest concentration of of Colebrooke, the first subdivsion, was platted just east twin houses in the county. Although Carozza originally of Branch Avenue in 1940. Many of the elements of the constructed Colonial Revival-style twin houses, the subdivision design reflected the planning guidelines designs became much more influenced by the Modern and standards promoted by the Federal Housing Movement and the desire of homebuyers who wanted Administration (FHA), such as the curvilinear plan, long new architectural styles and forms. The 1960s brought uninterrupted blocks, proximity to public transportation, additional subdivisions by established and new builders and adaptation of the design to the topography of the in the community, as well as new mid-rise apartment land. Large-scale development in Hillcrest Heights complexes and commercial development in the larger began in earnest after World War II. Returning veterans Hillcrest Heights area. By 1965, Hillcrest Heights and increasing numbers of federal workers poured into was largely developed, although limited development the area and needed affordable, safe, attractive, and well- continued through 2000 with the construction of planned communities. Anthony Carozza and his wife townhouses and single-family residences. Anna Louise had amassed nearly 800 acres of land east Buildings in the community are primarily residential of old Naylor Road in the early 1940s. with commercial development located along Iverson After the war, in 1946, Carozza platted Hillcrest Heights, Road and Branch Avenue. The majority of buildings in which was named for the nearby Hillcrest neighborhood the community were constructed between 1945–1965. of Washington, D.C.. Prompted by Carozza’s success, There are a variety of building types that include single- other developers began to move into Hillcrest Heights to family residences, twin dwellings, garden-apartment take advantage of the affordable land. In the late 1940s complexes, and mid-rise apartment buildings. Building and 1950s, Paul P. Stone, a Washington, D.C., real estate forms present in the community include Cape Cods, developer, began platting additional sections to Hillcrest minimal traditional, ranch houses, split-foyers, and Heights. Stone planned a 300-house development of “all- split-levels. The Modern Movement is the predominant brick ramblers.” Buyers could choose from nine different architectural influence in Hillcrest Heights, although plans, with prices beginning at $12,750. In 1948, one of there is a significant amount of Colonial Revival-style Stone’s designs was chosen as a Washington Post “Home designs. The community also contains three Lustron of ’48.” The house was described as a “Monterey-Modern Homes, which are clustered together on 29th Avenue. house” with a canopied terrace, “huge picture windows,” The Lustrons appear to be in excellent condition with and “a wall of glass brick,” which separated one of the minimal alterations. The community is hilly; however, the rooms. individual subdivisions were designed to accommodate the landscape and topography. In the early 1950s, construction in the larger Hillcrest Heights area moved away from single-family detached

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 317 PITAL CA G AT E W

Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities Y

H R D I R

T T U I

A V

A E N TH I A AU B WAY Camp Springs R A UTH N A W C

A H A (76B-000) U Y T

W H O O D R A . D V R . E D . . P D L IA DA WR A D R R IE C ROA O E V . E S L L D G C G KR IL A N C V BL O O H E E L D D. UT N D R A R D E A ER AY V E W R L W A LT Legend M B P L A P N L A O Y R N E S E O K R A A IN E V Y D R D W L Camp Springs Survey O N ER W B E NON D

A H A U W Y D N D A

5 HIL A N 49 L W L

ND AY Y O A B K 95 R T A S E C . TE E E TA N O A S V T L V ER I NT L C A I R EY D R AD G D. RO D UN AC ROA STO TO LLE N E N KVI V . OR A T Y RD. D S L R

T D R A O A F O I N E R D E D L G M E A M M D E N TO NS NLN. A WO R C C U G O H IN . R H G R D O E P O S N S DR. L F . O E T T T R N D E A E D S H V R S HA G D N E E R N N TA W AN . O I S L M E L . O L E R O E D . D N P D A . R L L A R E D D O T . N S R I U T . L RE VE T E RI E E T . D 5 L IV T E C R R O N E D E N B N O T V O N R I T E T C M A R E L E A N D L D R C D L D H I D A R I IN P O N M E R M . S B R B U T R T R R IN B I D . A Y P N IE A T C R D O LORRAINE . . H L R N W R E N T I D V . O . . N LK A S IN B N R S H N U L . D OW Y U T R T T M IV 5 N B S E 5 E M D L R Y C . L E . L A T A C R . . S R R AMP R D R ID N P H D R ONIAL DR. D G A

CON L I N E H I L DR. N SHON I M O PT N E A L O G

R E O

T R

C W S .

D U

T T A E A Y R R L S W V V

P R L

. A P O T E

. T E E O

D JO L . . A N

R L

D H L . U I . D

D S E

K E M

D A V

ROAD

A Y M

LE O

K Y A V

R IN K N R I

B E N

D O A O R . A E

H A S L A

D O L R L S R D E N D G E Y E U N A H W T D T T B A I O N MW R. N W D H OR JO A TH RN N D. C W . O CO A D . R UR D. A P R D T R O R LEY . N M T A OR HA T D C L N D T A I A A O O H B R L R O C R IR L L R O C

. D B R E D LN M G B H

A E G W E E I R I N

O K D N I E I C R E E A L W S A K H V N A R N H W O R I I O N R O E A C L 0 1.5 3 6 9 T . A E A A M N R K W H LE D D R N D Miles L AN O E E D E A M D S R . U G T S H C T T E E H R E S T E R 318 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Camp Springs (76B-000) facilities prompted development. In August 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered the construction Camp Springs was originally established in the mid- of a military airfield. The Camp Springs Army Airfield nineteenth century at the intersection of present-day opened in May 1943. The airfield was renamed Andrews Branch Avenue (MD 5) and Allentown Road. Camp Field in 1945 and in 1947, the name was changed to Springs is located adjacent to and west of Joint Base Andrews Air Force Base. The opening of the military base Andrews. Today Camp Springs is roughly bounded by the encouraged steady growth in Camp Springs, albeit for a Capital Beltway (I-495) on the north, Henson Creek and limited period. The majority of the twentieth-century Cherryfield Road on the west, Kirby Road on the south, development was located northwest of the intersection Joint Base Andrews on the east, and Wesson Drive of Old Branch Avenue and Allentown Road, surrounding on the northeast. Early maps of the area note that it the earlier Middleton Farm subdivision. was originally called “Allentown,” in honor of the Allen family, who were large landholders in the community. Two of the earliest extant buildings and historic sites Martenet’s map of 1861 documents a settlement at in the area are now located on Joint Base Andrews. the crossroads of present-day Branch Avenue and Belle Chance (77-014) is a Spanish Colonial Revival- Allentown Road. The small community comprised style house erected in 1912. The fireproof house was houses, a Methodist Church, school house, a blacksmith constructed of concrete for Dr. William Stewart. Forest shop, and several stores. By 1878, as documented by Grove Methodist Church Chapel 2 (77-001) was built in the Hopkins map, the growing community was also 1914 to replace two earlier churches on the same site. known as Camp Spring. The Hopkins map denotes the The Gothic Revival-style church is surrounded by a Camp Spring post office, Methodist Church, blacksmith cemetery with headstones that date from 1874–1938. shop, and many residences, the majority of which were The oldest extant building in Camp Springs is believed to constructed between 1861–1878. According to local be Old Bells Methodist Church (Historic Resource 76B- legend, the community was named Camp Springs by the 017), which was constructed in 1910. soldiers fighting in the Civil War who traveled through the area and set up camp near the abundant natural The area is predominantly residential with limited springs. The community experienced remarkably slow commercial development scattered along Old Branch growth throughout the late nineteenth century and into Avenue and little modern infill. Building forms the twentieth century. Yet, a school for black children represented include bungalow, Cape Cod, minimal was constructed as early as 1902. In 1924, the building traditional, ranch houses, split-foyers, and split-levels. was replaced with a new one-room schoolhouse; the Styles represented in the survey area include Craftsman, construction of which was funded by Julius Rosenwald’s Colonial Revival, and various illustrations of the Modern foundation. Movement. The survey area is located on gently rolling hills, with varying street patterns. Some of the earlier Subdivision of rural agricultural land in the area began subdivisions are set on a roughly rectilinear grid, while in 1936, with the creation of the T.B. Middleton Farm the subdivisions from the mid-twentieth century are subdivision. This residential subdivision was created from more curvilinear, reflecting the influence of the Federal Manchester Farm, a late nineteenth-century farmstead. Housing Administration’s guidelines and standards for The first buildings constructed in the subdivision were residential subdivision design. modest Craftsman-style bungalows located along Old Branch Avenue and Middleton Lane. Camp Springs remained a small, quiet, and rural community until World War II, when the need for housing and government

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 319 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

N A D I R . R A T SNOW Y C E D O L O DROP CT. E A W V V S I T AT R IO E D N N M A P A L O R RO Clagett Agricultural L C A A . A D R LN N IS D

C O A R O L R V A A E C G T N T L . N L A A C A E Area T D N . R N LE I E R V CA E B R O (78-000, 79-000, 82A-000) W FO N N A R O L AT C IT E T. C G SE H GEE IE CT.

B U H

NO R M TH

RIDING R

R O

L I

Legend N LANE

G OKE BRO S BURY CT.

U D. AILES P R

A H D A Clagett Agricultural Area H L S

D L D BR E E E E T O S T O N R N S L I A U R E L C C A H T W E N . C T K T T A R R . L S T O Y I Survey D C R O O A C R A I O O N C R N N B W DR D OO C R E Y D B B T D C C . E K . R I U O I R R N R NK C A L SS L . E N S L O W U L S Y I A T L HI V P D A O L O E

W E D L H S T W K

Historic Resource I S A

C A N Y S

E U E .

E C T C M

G T H . G N . C

T E A T

D U . C I L K A D R R L I R O E R A

A B K K C B

O .

D A

R E T R I L

. R

O A K L

P B L L N A L

Historic Site A D A R G A T . DI

M N N N N T E M T R A

R I C L A A U G

U S WA L N N Y O S O CI LE E S C RC

C O F C D

R E R

R O PEG O L

ASUS C

C E W B

K . K O

DR A R O Y O D TO R A C W B T L T. N R E W L A E O Y N

H K

C .

S T O C K E L R N

I N W T E B

M E . R A

W O

N L O I E C RS L TDT ROGE A G OHN P E P J G Y E O O R O R I N F O O L B T T O L A E R R A N V I W M P E E E E P R L P V WO . FO AY E I O R AN R R N D D D L G M F D L E T R E LT LA O R N O N N O O N E F T T O R N E S R R E D A C R G . R M D M U A IT ILLE N O D K I R R C I Y K C R AV H S V R R LEN T E R SOUTHG E T EN IER A E . T ER C EE YB T ST. M R L T P A C E ANO A A R C W R B L R E D E

N O R V C M R . O E A . S N N D F N A O A R U L M DD D T . ID A W R Y N E . TR TE W R N O R O N . R L E E T A R R L . C V N C T B M TA T O L M H S S I G A E O N N N A L N T I N E O W R G G R P D N T O G O O R L M B N R T E R L . E S A D U G T T E K O H A C O N N K R I T I E C C N P N T T E S O A . W R G S L T L T I T N A R S F E Y O E R L H A H A T N P D R A C E D. M U W A V O D E E R T BL WO F O S CH C N AN D U R E L I H . R A F N E CH T O F E K I O A L C G P N Y R I R D K A A D E G L M R D E O E R N R D N O N A W T . O N . M C E R R O L A A R O O M T Y C B V RO . N B L O U B S L L U R R E A MA R A D . O E L R O R R R A D N C E T M N T R O E H OLD LD O E IKE T P T D E N R W A EE . E MA L ORCHARD E RL K . BORO O R O TER. R R T B D

C PER

A SIM E M ON P D R. TR EE ROAD A M NIA VEN ARYLA A . UE N YLV D N

NS NES E EN EA L . ES P B N D BEAN ROAD T EL IAM BE A I WILL E

C F C

L H N HILL ROAD

L E T R Y K R A O R A I C R E L K W E Y W A D Y

L CR F ESTMAR COURT AY W H IG H

IN A R C

D L O FA R M F AR D M A O ROAD R R OA D Y A

. M W D R R H E FA L G VA I Y H R C A A M P S LA T T N LL CT. A L E RO N E R B A N C I

A . . A R R R CA Q C R D D R. E R U O D N I N LL S N T A WA C H Y K Y A L O D A A B D P M A S G CAPST O L L A A Y C A E A IR A S N O C T O K C R T T. E S C I W U S G L

T R C O

T U D N . E A T IN D R A E N E R Z R S R . C O IV H D O U B E A R ROBERT S. T V VE A C . H R RI R S E S D D . T A Y U R W R U T V D H D U E R E O R I OS E T N . V B E O R IN N A E D R R C IV Y E A W R . O N S L LE BRAEB LI G G RO N O K CT.

A 0 1.5 3 6 9 R S O S A T C D R Miles E E B R O R

320 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Clagett Agricultural Area (78-000/ (Historic Site 79-002), and daughter Adeline received a 79-000/82A-000) portion of Greenland. In turn, Charles Clagett devised Ingleside to his son, Charles T. Clagett, and Navajo to his The Clagett Agricultural Area, consisting of approximately son William B. Clagett. 2,700 acres west of Upper Marlboro was named for the Clagett family that owned most of the surrounding Martenet’s map of 1861 shows the various farmsteads land. When originally surveyed and defined in 1987, scattered throughout the area around Upper Marlboro. the community was an example of a rural agricultural Prominent families include Clagett, Bowie, Calvert, and landscape in Prince George’s County. However, as a Duvall. By 1878 when the Hopkins map was created, the result of modern residential development, much of the Clagett family farmsteads are well documented. New area no longer conveys this significance. stores, residences, and a schoolhouse were established along the Washington and Marlboro Turnpike (now MD In the late seventeenth century, Thomas Clagett I Route 4/Pennsylvania Avenue) between Centreville and purchased a 250-acre tract of land called Weston, which Upper Marlborough, providing additional amenities for was passed down through several generations of Clagetts. members of the community. Over time, the parcel was added to and resurveyed, resulting in a parcel of approximately 500 acres. The first While the Clagett Agricultural Area retains its rural brick structure on the property was built circa 1713, character, rapid suburbanization and late-twentieth- but burned during the Revolutionary War (1775-1781). century infill have significantly detracted from the Probably before 1820, Thomas Clagett VI built a Federal landscape. The gently rolling farmland of the area is dotted style house possibly incorporating an earlier structure. with woodlands; however, large parcels of this land have Called Weston (Historic Site 82A-000-07), the structure been cleared for new subdivision developments. Several would be the first of several houses built for members agricultural buildings are extant and include barns and of the Clagett family. Thomas Clagett VI and his wife, stables that still reflect the agricultural heritage of the Harriet White Clagett, had at least eight children who area. There are a variety of architectural styles represented survived into adulthood. With his second wife, Clagett in the Clagett Agricultural Area from 1820 to the had five more children. 1990s. These include Federal, Greek Revival, Italianate, Colonial Revival, as well as vernacular and modern All told, Clagett provided eight of his childen with interpretations of these popular styles. The majority of property and houses typically coinciding with their historic residential buildings in the community date marriages. Throughout the nineteenth century, Clagett from the mid- to late- nineteenth century and are set far VI began purchasing land surrounding his plantation back from main roads, down private drives. to expand his land holdings and secure property for his heirs. The 1850 census indicates that Clagett VI held Two historic resources have been demolished in the $66,140 worth of real estate and reported owning 94 Clagett Agricultural Area. Navajo (78-000-22) and the slaves that ranged in age from infancy to 75 years old. Navajo Tenant House (78-000-36) are no longer extant. In In 1860, the census reports that Clagett’s real estate was addition, the slave quarters and all outbuildings associated valued at $120,000, while his personal estate was valued with Keokuk (78-000-14a) have been demolished, and the at $150,000. Not including the six plantations previously house at Ingleside was detroyed by fire. given to his family members, at the time of his death in 1873, Clagett owned more than 800 acres of land.

Clagett gave his son Charles The Cottage (Historic Site 78-000-18), his son Robert received Oakland (Historic Site 79-000-34), daughter Eliza received Bowieville (Historic Site 74A-018), grandson Thomas received Keokuk. From the senior Clagett’s second marriage, son Thomas received Weston (Historic Site 82A-000-07), son Gonsalvo received Strawberry Hill (Historic Site 78-000- 23), daughter Sallie received a portion of Moore’s Plains

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 321 E L M W

Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities O

Little P K Y . A Washington W T L E R. (78-039) B D

L Legend A IT P A Little Washington Survey C

D ' 5 A 9 R D C OU Y GL A A S R W R ASHINGTON O 5 W 9 AV E E T . A T AVE. S R Y E L R T INCOLN IN U B S A N VE. A S LN. CHERRY

R D . H T VE

R O E

O R E

V V N

N G

O Y E E C

H R V

V R 'A T

T G D

O O U L. O R P S G

C HESTER

GROVE TER.

C E D A 0 225 450 900 1,350 D R FeeA t

O R WAY PRING 322 PreliminaryS Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Little Washington (78-039) Reithmeyer and Grusholt worked together on several other residential developments in Prince George’s Little Washington is a small mid-twentieth century County including North Forestville (1946-1950) and Old neighborhood located north of the community of Towne Village (1964-1965). Similarities in building form Westphalia in central Prince George’s County. Little and design of several buildings in Little Washington Washington is bounded by Washington Avenue on the and in North Forestville suggest that Reithmeyer and north, Douglas Avenue on the northeast, Sansbury Road Grusholt, or another development company, likely acted on the southeast, South Cherry Lane on the south, and as operative builders, constructing several houses for D’Arcy Road on the southwest. sale in their new subdivisions. In Old Towne Village, a townhouse and condominium development, Reithmeyer Historic maps document that Little Washington was and Grusholt acted as community builders for a fully rural until the platting of the first subdivision in 1941. planned community that included a pool, golf course, Martenet’s map of 1861 shows virtually no development and tennis court. in the area that became Little Washington. By 1878, the Hopkins map documents a few dwellings constructed to The flat land of the community is improved by buildings the north and west of the present-day neighborhood. that date from circa 1941 to the present. The majority of buildings are wood-frame construction built between Little Washington was platted in three separate sections 1941–1955. Buildings in the survey district are typically from 1941 to 1949. The first section, along Alms House located close to the road. The first houses constructed in Road (now D’Arcy Road) was platted in 1941 by Leon E. the neighborhood have bungalow forms and are typically Tayman of Upper Marlboro. Section 1 contained nine small, one-and-a-half-story front-gabled dwellings with lots, ranging in size from 0.32 acres to 0.88 acres. Lots a one-story entry porch or portico. The predominant were long and narrow, with approximately 100 feet of architectural style in Little Washington is the Modern frontage along the main road. In 1947, Tayman platted Movement, with a variety of minimal traditional, split- Section 2, off of Alms House County Road on a newly level, and ranch houses. Regardless of when constructed, established road, known as South Cherry Lane. Section the dwellings in Little Washington have minimal 2 included 22 lots on approximately 16 acres. Lots on the ornamentation. The community is surrounded by north side of Cherry Lane were very long and narrow, industrial development; however, building use in Little while those on the south side were shallower with the Washington is exclusively residential. same frontage. Little Washington is located immediately east of the Little is known about subdivider Leon Tayman. He was a Capital Beltway (I-495) and because of its convenient resident of Upper Marlboro, and the 1930 census notes location, a new residential development is being planned that he was born in 1886 and lived with his parents, one north and west of the neighborhood. “D’Arcy Park North brother, several nieces and nephews, and a domestic and South” is located on the site of a former rubble servant. Tayman’s profession was listed as an agricultural landfill and will contain 1,000 units of housing, including day laborer. In 1949, after the death of his wife, Tayman townhouses, multifamily condominium buildings, and sold an undeveloped portion of his land to Charles twin dwellings. Reithmeyer and Willy Grusholt, who subsequently platted Section 3 of Little Washington. Section 3 included 41 lots on almost 27 acres of land located between Alms House Road on the west and Sansbury Road on the east.

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 323 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

X S

A E

F U

Upper Marlboro R I Q

A E (79-019) F B S P O H IS B

R VE G RO O B G LV D S . R O

Legend R .

E D V O R Upper Marlboro Survey G CE OI NELS H Historic Resource LO C C O R O A Historic Site S D R E . G D O V R L B

O GH J U RO O MD B . R L T. R . A R M D N BOW DE IE T DR. E 72 O M 5 E A . R R LB V T O S R O O G ST. LANE S D LM T O CTORY E . RE U W P G . I L K W C A E O OOL A S SCH T U E L R S R A IN T T N A . M D E . R T S S . T AY H . IGHW RC H CHU

IA IN YLVAN A NNS R PE C

LD O . D R

N IO T A T S

ROUTE 4

L E

O V I TE R U O D R

ST AT IO N ESFORD YN A W

. C .S H U 0 430 860 1,720 2,580 E Feet W

324 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Upper Marlboro (79-019) most significant development was the addition of the Popes Creek line of the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Located in central Prince George’s County, the Town to the east of town. of Upper Marlboro was established when the General Assembly of the Province of Maryland passed the Upper Marlboro is also an important African-American “Act for the Advancement of Trade and Erecting Ports community. After the Civil War (1861-1865), a number and Towns” in 1706 and 1707 in order to establish of freedmen purchased land in Upper Marlboro and commercial centers in Maryland. The community was constructed a Methodist meetinghouse. Working with first known as the Town of Marlborough, but was soon the Freedman’s Bureau, the community established a changed to Upper Marlborough, distinguishing it from school for the local black children in 1867. The small (Lower) Marlborough in Calvert County. In the early African-American community began to grow and twentieth century, the name was commonly shortened soon built houses within the town limits. During the from Marlborough to Marlboro’ then finally to Upper construction of the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Marlboro, as it is known today. near Upper Marlboro, another small black community developed on the eastern fringes of town (outside the By 1718, county residents petitioned to have the county survey area), near the railroad lines. Known as Sugar seat moved from Charles Town to Upper Marlboro, Hill, the neighborhood was populated by families who which was completed in 1721. Chosen for its location assisted in the construction of the railroad. on the Western Branch of the Patuxent River, the area was thought to be a convenient trading location. With During the twentieth century, Upper Marlboro continued its designation as the county seat, Upper Marlboro soon to expand. Several fires resulted in the rebuilding of became the social, political, and commercial center of structures, particularly commercial buildings along Main the county. Because of its location near the river, in Street, while some older buildings received new facades 1747, Upper Marlboro was designated as an inspection and renovations. In the early 1940s, the Victorian-era site for tobacco. In order to protect the quality of tobacco county courthouse was extensively remodeled in the being shipped to England, all tobacco grown in Maryland Colonial Revival style. The original building was well- had to pass through inspections sites at Nottingham, disguised by the addition of a large portico, flanking Piscataway, Upper Marlboro, or Bladensburg before it wings, and a bell tower. was allowed to be publicly sold. Horse racing was an important sport in eighteenth-century Maryland, and Upper Marlboro contains a remarkable collection of Upper Marlboro soon became a popular destination for buildings from the eighteenth to the early twentieth those seeking to watch the races. The first courthouse century that reflect the evolution of Upper Marlboro was constructed in 1721 and was later replaced in 1798. from a rural village to a thriving small town and county That building was replaced by a large one in 1881, and seat. The majority of extant buildings date from the the present court house is on the site of its 19th century mid- to late nineteenth century. Popular styles found in predecessor. Upper Marlboro include both high-style and vernacular interpretations of Greek Revival, Italianate, Gothic As the Patuxent River and the Western Branch silted Revival, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, they became unnavigable for large ships transporting and Craftsman styles. Building types include I-houses, tobacco. Even without the tobacco industry, the thriving L-shaped plans, American Foursquares, bungalows, commercial and political center of Upper Marlboro Cape Cods, and ranch houses. Houses within the town supported the local economy in the nineteenth century. are set back from the street on grassy lots. Concentrated Upper Marlboro provided a number of shops and along Main Street, the commercial buildings are typically amenities for its residents and visitors. The town was constructed side-by-side and are set very close to the served by several hotels, law offices, and other stores street. that included a barber shop, carriage factory, tailor, cabinet maker, tinner, doctor’s office, and the offices of There are still a few small agricultural outbuildings that the Planter’s Advocate and the Marlboro Gazette. The remain within the town limits.

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 325 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Woodland (79-063)

Legend Woodland Survey Historic Resource Historic Site

0 800 1,600 3,200 4,800 Feet

326 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Woodland (79-063) Other significant buildings in the area include the houses of two freedmen, constructed on land that belonged to Woodland is a rural agricultural community located in Henry Waring Clagett. A one-and-one-half-story wood- central Prince George’s County, east of Upper Marlboro. frame dwelling at 3708 Old Crain Highway (Documented The land associated with the area known as Woodland Property 79-063-70) was built sometime before 1875 was owned by Clement Hill, Jr., who patented 748 acres by freedman John Henry Quander. A former slave of called Compton Bassett in 1699. The first frame building Mordecai Plummer, Quander purchased one-and-a-half- erected on the site was demolished when the family built acres of land from Henry Clagett (Plummer’s nephew). a large Federal style brick house circa 1780. Compton Freedman Nat Beall constructed his one-story dwelling Bassett (Historic Site 79-063-10) is also the site of a rare at 3702 Old Crain Highway on land he bought from example of a private Roman Catholic chapel erected by Clagett in 1874. The 1860 Federal Census lists Clagett the Hill family. This is the last remaining private chapel in as owning 26 slaves; it may be possible that Beall was a Prince George’s County. The Hill family continued to add former Clagett slave. acreage to their landholdings, and by 1818, Dr. William Hill, Hill’s great-grandson, amassed 2,184 acres which Old Crain Highway, which bisects the community, is he resurveyed and renamed “Woodland.” His holdings an important early road that roughly follows the circa stretched from the Patuxent River on the east to the 1700 Marlborough-Queen Anne Road, connecting limits of Upper Marlboro on the west. When Dr. Hill died the two port towns. The construction of Robert Crain in 1823, his land was divided among his four children. Highway in 1927 brought additional traffic through the After Hill’s death, his descendants constructed several agricultural community. This highway resulted in the houses located nearby including Bleak Hill (Historic Site closure of a portion of the original right-of-way, located 79-063-06) and Ashland (Historic Site 79-063-11). John near Bleak Hill. The construction of the Marlboro Bypass C. Wyvill, a prominent local carpenter, was responsible in the 1950s, which was later expanded and became US for the construction of several now historic buildings in 301, moved traffic to the west, effectively removing the the community including the Eckenrode-Wyvill House majority of traffic through the community. This highway (Historic Site 79-063-08) and Linden Hill (Historic Site has allowed Woodland to remain a rural agricultural 79-063-50). landscape.

William Beanes Hill, who inherited Compton Bassett There is relatively little modern infill construction within from his father, received a charter in 1854 to construct the Woodland community. Several bungalows, ranch a toll bridge across the Patuxent River, connecting Anne houses, and modern Cape Cods in the community range Arundel and Prince George’s counties. The bridge became in date from the 1920s–1970s. The majority of buildings known as Hill’s Bridge and connected to the Marlboro- in the community date from the mid- to late nineteenth Queen Anne Road, further establishing the road as an century and include excellent vernacular and high-style important transportation route. In 1850, Hill reported examples of Federal, Greek Revival, Italianate, Victorian owning 62 slaves, ranging in age from one to 100 years. Gothic, and Queen Anne styles. Numerous agricultural In 1860, Hill had reduced the number of slaves he owned buildings dot the landscape. There are two commercial to 32 and these were housed in four “slave houses.” That buildings located in the Woodland community. The same year, his plantations produced 500,000 pounds intersection of Old Crain Highway and Marlboro Pike is of tobacco, considerably higher than other plantations now referred to as Well’s Corner. One building, a former in the area. In addition to being a successful planter, bungalow, has been adapted for use as a liquor store. Hill was also involved in the political aspects of life in The second commercial building was constructed in the Prince George’s County, serving for 25 years as the Chief 1950s and is currently being used as a bar/restaurant. Judge of the Orphans Court and serving one term in the Maryland State Senate.

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 327 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

O C J O L C

T D A G N R E O N L P A

I U D D

O T S R

L C N A A U

O M

F P T N I V M A N LL

A S O E T E R IM V T S B B E W E

E O Chapel Hill . A R L B L DR CT . L V LV O . . A D D Y I F T E VA IO E LL N W B E M A L R R Y

(80-018) N IG V

O N IE

D A L W G R

A D . R O N . D

A I O R

I E

R L . . R

C R D O A T C T N . A T A D D E S T G T . G R R I R D . O A O . I O V F E T T R A 2 F E N L

A C E E I G

1 A R D L . V . R 0 A I F N T R D S F D O I C R R C M O . HAN I . R C D . T O T T G D I C C C A V S E R K ILU I ROAD T G L E U C A A Legend N ER L S H G F UG O R R SM L R LD A A I O T. Chapel Hill Survey S ROCK LN C T . N G S T D IT R O O PL S A S E R P O P H T H R H O H I IST P E R A H C . N V G S R LN R E E P . A . T Y T C S L N C G T A L E L . L A S A R C D S H L O S H V O O C N O A I E U C C O R R N U R T E Y R E A T D R

W D R O P D E N V U I . G R D OAD

R C A

T C T L R L E L U O A N M A F E R C JOMA R L E

IV S D

I DR. R N I

MERCK ELD V I E G KEF S RA B R T T. O O C N A

I L

N D

D P

S I I T. S R A D C HILL

L O N A TA D O W R A A A D Y H D C MAC R INT I R OSH V

O E . CT. D R VA R RO N O AD A

D N

L .

H L BURE R N U E D D R. C

A .

RO D D BI R . N T N C L N L ON ARIO R T C O N G T. I RD. IN R O H S A

A L F W . C C T M . . E A D R H OL D V A . R A C S L G A R AM R D C IO R D A T N RD. . O ON U N S T R E NT E UP E O O F A F O D H F . 2 L IN R S JE 2 A R D 4 C H K C N L

M C A BRI ADIS ERH C O O 0 1.5 3 6 9 H N R IL

IO T L W .

Miles JA M N RD.

Y .

328 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Chapel Hill (80-018) for members and served as a gathering place for community events. In 1927, the new Livingston Road Chapel Hill is a rural African-American village that was constructed, connecting Chapel Hill more directly emerged in the late nineteenth century at the crossroads to Broad Creek and Piscataway. By the late 1930s the of Old Fort Road and Livingston Road in the Fort Chapel Hill community comprised approximately 35 Washington area of Prince George’s County. The small houses and several general stores in addition to the community is located approximately eight miles south church, schoolhouse, and benevolent lodge. Chapel Hill of Washington, D.C. Before the Civil War, the area that had developed into a stable community of closely related would become Chapel Hill had been part of several families, albeit rural and small. antebellum plantations, which were situated on tracts of land known as “Boarman’s Content” and “Frankland.” Since the mid-twentieth century, the community has The village’s name most likely was derived from an early experienced growth with only remnants of the early private Catholic chapel on the Frankland tract that African-American community left intact. The community was demolished by the end of the nineteenth century. remained largely rural. In the 1970s, many of Chapel The only above-ground reminders of the chapel are Hill’s earliest buildings were demolished as a result of several headstones that still stand at the site. In the road-widening projects. The original church was replaced late nineteenth century, Chapel Hill evolved around a in 1975 with a new building. The first two schoolhouses, schoolhouse and a Methodist meetinghouse. In 1868, the the benevolent lodge, and many early dwellings were also Freedmen’s Bureau, which was established by Congress demolished. Many of these buildings were replaced with in 1865 to direct the construction, establishment and commercial buildings and new single-family houses. In maintenance of schools and hospitals for former slaves, recent years, the rural area surrounding Chapel Hill has built a schoolhouse in the small community. been improved with modern residential subdivisions. With these changes, traces of the early African-American The Hopkins map of 1878 documents the small Chapel community are hard to detect. Hill settlement. Chapel Hill Methodist Episcopal Church and several buildings are noted in the area. It was believed The majority of resources were constructed from that the meetinghouse was constructed sometime circa 1925 to circa 1965. Buildings in Chapel Hill are between 1880 and 1883, when the two-acre parcel (with predominately residential with scattered commercial a meetinghouse noted in the deed) was legally conveyed development located throughout the village but primarily to the trustees. However, its presence on the Hopkins at the intersection of Old Fort Road, Livingston Road, and map suggests it was constructed prior to 1878. In the Old Piscataway Road. The rural community also contains 1880s, several families of free blacks began to establish two churches and two cemeteries. Building forms include farms in the area. This rural village was a community L-shaped plans, bungalows, minimal traditional, ranch composed of a few close-knit families. Jeremiah Brown houses, split-foyers, and split-levels. Chapel Hill is set on and his son-in law, Albert Owen Shorter, purchased gently rolling hills and a large portion of the surrounding several five-acre parcels from the Hatton family in 1887. land is still heavily wooded, but threatened with new Other African-American families, including the Thomas, residential development. Buildings are located along Old Calvert, Brooks, Coleman, Bowling, and Henson families, Fort Road, Livingston Road, and Old Piscataway Road settled in the area by 1900 and were enumerated in that and sit on lots that vary in size from a quarter of an acre year’s federal census. to several-acre parcels. Setbacks of the houses also vary; the earliest houses in Chapel Hill are typically located The 1920s marks the beginning of significant close to the road as a result of several road-widening improvements in Chapel Hill and the establishment of projects in the late twentieth century. a more permanent community. In 1922, a benevolent society lodge was built and offered financial support

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 329 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

L N C D ENTEN R D NIA O F L DR A I IV O A E D R T N BR OA DV IEW Silesia RO AD T O D N Y . A D RO (80-049) O K AD A D T K O

R S

E G R

H E IN

C R IV

R C L

EDGE WA TE R

D Legend

Historic Resource O Silesia Survey R Historic Site TERRACE

AD RO

B AT TE RS EA

L IV IN G S T O N

T N N O E T

M M N E G O LA E N L I D T H

E ROA T . S D E A N A L . B R W F N

T. CORNETT S W . AR DR BU C RT A T. ON R I E WOO O S DS LN. AKS

Y D

L URUS

A R R R T

I O E V E A

B T

D D M R R

I E .

O K V F I R A D R LIB

. T LN E E BEEC R H S T

V I

T I

P 0 410 820 1,640 2,460 DIA S DRIVE .

Feet R

V I

D Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 330

A Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Silesia (80-049) established community remained relatively stagnant until the limited residential construction occurred in the Silesia is a small community that was established in 1950s off of Livingston Road. the late nineteenth century in western Prince George’s County west of Indian Head Highway, near Fort After the opening of the Woodrow Wilson Bridge and the Washington. Centered on the intersection of Livingston Capital Beltway in the early 1960s, the western portion Road and Fort Washington Road, the small community of Prince George’s County, where Silesia is located, began is largely the product of a family of German immigrants to grow. Although Silesia remained relatively unchanged who settled in Prince George’s County at the end of the during this period, the increasing number of children in nineteenth century. the larger area resulted in the construction of Harmony Hall Elementary School in 1965 just north of Silesia Robert Stein, born in the Silesia region of Prussia, and south of Harmony Hall. The school operated until immigrated to the United States in the late nineteenth 1981 when it was closed and later enlarged for use as a century to study at Georgetown University. After regional arts center. graduating, Stein returned briefly to Germany where he recruited his brother and a friend to return with him to Today, the small community of Silesia remains a quiet Prince George’s County. Upon his return, Robert Stein and largely undeveloped area. The Broad Creek Historic purchased 320 acres of land near Broad Creek, which was District (80-024), located immediately to the north of then named Broad Creek Farm. This large parcel of land Silesia, and parkland surrounding the community have contained Harmony Hall (Historic Site 80-024-011), an helped insulate Silesia from the development pressures early-eighteenth-century Georgian mansion and Want occurring elsewhere in Prince George’s County. There are Water (Historic Site 80-024-010, now ruinous), an approximately 40 residents in Silesia. early-eighteenth-century house. Stein’s land extended east across present-day Livingston Road and south to The community contains a variety of buildings constructed the future intersection of Livingston Road and Fort between circa 1925 and the 1980s. Both residential and Washington Road. commercial buildings are located in Silesia. Architectural styles present in the community include Craftsman and Over time, Stein, his brother, and their friend Joseph various illustrations of the Modern Movement. Building Adler began encouraging their families to immigrate to forms include bungalows and ranch houses. Several of the United States and settle in Broad Creek. In 1889, the houses appear to be kit houses, particularly those Robert Stein petitioned the courts to have the small at 11015-11019 Livingston Road and 10706 Livingston community named Silesia, after his homeland. The Road. Residential buildings are typically wood-frame number of newcomers began to grow, and by 1930, a construction and are one to one-and-one-half stories community of Germans and their first generation of in height. The buildings in the community are very American-born children was established. Census records modest, with minimal ornamentation. Outbuildings are from 1920 and 1930 indicate that the residents of numerous and include sheds, utility sheds, equipment Silesia made their living by farming, as laborers, or as sheds, and small barns. The community is set on gently merchants. In 1903, a post office and one-room school rolling hills with large portions of heavily wooded and opened. The Silesia School served the community until undeveloped land. Houses are set on lots of varying sizes the opening of a larger school in Oxon Hill in 1923. and shapes with inconsistent setbacks. The sizes and The White Horse Tavern, an early-nineteenth-century shapes of the parcels are indicative of the subdivisions landmark in Silesia, was demolished in 1903 and Robert of large lots by family members rather than a single Stein constructed a grocery and feed store on the site. subdivider or builder. The Tilch family (related to the Steins) also constructed a tavern in Silesia in 1935. Further growth in the

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 331 ESTER

Appendix B•Documented Historic CommunitiesS C B

D U L

E O A O R

C O L . . T W O G K C OR AR LB S Cheltenham MT T M O I NH A G P E . T N N (82A-042) I P T R L O E ET R . T A E D T U WESTWO O V C T F

T E

T AC P AS PL. . TERR OL. N S

O A H C V A C LE BRIX R O TO N E R D

TE A Legend N R LN

R . T

I W TERRACO U V

DR. T H

Cheltenham Survey

M E

L M M

E R

N D

O B Y

Historic Resource R

R L N

E R

. A

C E E

T S O

T L

Historic Site . I . C L T G Y U T Z W . IZ H L G T. O H SARAH LANDING C O P D D L R R . LE O . D A . R A T D C S D O . R N O G R B IN L S A R S B A O M R C AD RO

C H C E R R O R

S Y

S Y 0 1.5 3 6 9 T A I Miles N W R G H E

G E I H R Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 332 D

. Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Cheltenham (82A-042) subdivisions in the 1950s and 1960s include Cheltenham Forest, Poplar Hill Estate, Clinton Park, and Shannon Cheltenham is located in southern Prince George’s Square. Public buildings in Cheltenham include Boy’s County between Old Crain Highway (US 301) and MD 5. Village, U.S. Naval Communications Station, Maryland The survey area is located at the intersection of US 301, State Tobacco Warehouse, and Tanglewood Elementary Surratts Road, and Frank Tippett Road. Cheltenham School. developed as a result of the expansion of the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad in the early 1870s. The railroad Little remains of the late nineteenth-century community. ran through the agricultural areas of Prince George’s Several commercial buildings, churches, residences, County, which allowed farmers to transport their crops and the railroad depot have been demolished. What in larger volume. Cheltenham was named for the Bowie remains of the Cheltenham survey area is centered on family’s plantation of the same name, located southwest the intersection of Crain Highway (US 301) and Frank of the village. In 1870, the plantation was converted to Tippett Road, with Sarah Landing Road as the northern a shelter for homeless and orphaned African-American boundary. The buildings along this stretch of road reflect children. Established by Enoch Pratt, the “House of the change in Cheltenham from a small railroad village to Reformation and Instruction for Colored Children” at a small crossroads village oriented to the automobile and Cheltenham provided both shelter and education for the highway. In the late nineteenth century, the railroad’s these young children. The school was also a place of importance diminished as the automobile became a employment for many local residents. In the 1930s, more important and affordable means of transport. New the site was purchased by the State of Maryland and highways, such as Crain Highway, constructed in the renamed the “Boy’s Village.” The site, used as a training/ 1920s, added to the ease and convenience of automobile vocational school, was desegregated in the 1960s. travel.

Martenet’s map of 1861 shows little development in the The structures on Frank Tippett Road range in age area that would later become Cheltenham. As a result from the 1870s to the present. At this writing, a new of the Popes Creek line of the Baltimore and Potomac subdivision, Marlboro Crossing, is being constructed on Railroad, Cheltenham began to grow in the 1870s. The the northern side of Frank Tippett Road and features small town supported several stores, a railroad depot, large houses on half-acre lots. Other suburban houses the House of Reformation, Church of the Atonement are located northwest of the survey area. The survey (Episcopalian), and included the dwellings of many new area includes approximately 20 primary resources and families who moved to the area. In 1922, construction numerous secondary resources including sheds, garages, began on Crain Highway, which created a direct route barns, and other outbuildings. Many of these buildings between Baltimore and southern Maryland. Completed reflect the agricultural origins of Cheltenham and the in 1927, the highway ran directly through Cheltenham. surrounding area. The topography of Cheltenham is New development was centered on the newly flat, with small wooded areas. Land surrounding the constructed road, rather than the rail lines. Even with survey district to the southeast and southwest remains the new transportation route, growth in Cheltenham agricultural and undeveloped. Setbacks vary, but most remained relatively slow until the construction of small structures are located close to the road. The commercial subdivisions in the 1930s. Spurred by the increase of center of Cheltenham is located at the corner of Crain affordable housing in Greenbelt and other areas in Prince Highway and Frank Tippett Road. The Cheltenham Store George’s County, several tracts of land in Cheltenham still operates today as a liquor store/market. Building were subdivided, which resulted in the Schultz, Ballard, forms include I-houses, bungalows, and ranch houses. and Townsend subdivisions. These lots were purchased Styles include vernacular interpretations of popular and improved by individual owners. Construction began Victorian-era styles such as Queen Anne. Other styles again after World War II (1941-1945), when land was reflected include Colonial Revival, Craftsman, and the again subdivided. Lot sizes in Clinton Vista were reduced Modern Movement. from three acres to less than half an acre in size. Later

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 333 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Naylor R O (82B-000, 86A-000) U T E

Legend NOTTINGHAM Naylor Survey

Historic Resource Historic Site

3 8 2

ROAD

0 170 340 680 1,020 Feet

334 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Naylor (82B-000/86A-000) family, a blacksmith shop, and a school for African- American children, located to the south. The agricultural village of Naylor is located in southeastern Prince George’s County along Croom Road, between In the early twentieth century, Naylor functioned as a Nottingham Road on the north and Candy Hill Road self-sufficient agricultural village. Many of the necessary on the south. In 1650, Major Thomas Brooke patented amenities were provided within the small community. the Brookfield tract, a large parcel encompassing land The Naylor House (named for its inhabitants) was used bounded by Mattaponi Creek on the north, the Patuxent as a residence as well as a store and post office for village River on the east, Deep Creek on the south, and a stone residents. A shed attached on the rear of the building was marked T.B. on the west (associated with the village used as a feed store and doubled as the local polling place. of T.B.). Croom Road, a significant north-south route The commercial building located at 12300 Croom Road, supposedly established by Native Americans, became called Paul’s General Store, served as a general store, an important thoroughfare in Prince George’s County. gas station, and repair shop from the 1930s through By 1745, the road was officially recognized, and in 1794 the 1950s. Within the community there was also the appeared on Dennis Griffith’s map of Maryland. Brookfield United Methodist Church and social hall.

The Brookfield property remained in the Brooke family Naylor remains a small, rural agricultural village located until 1856, when Benjamin Duvall purchased 450 acres along Croom Road, between Nottingham Road on the of the parcel. That same year, Duvall added a wood- north and Candy Hill Road on the south. There are frame addition on the north side of an existing two- approximately 15 buildings (excluding outbuildings) story brick structure on the property, believed to be located along this stretch of road, with a concentration the original seventeenth- or eighteenth-century Brooke clustered around the intersection of Croom and Candy farmstead. Called Brookfield (Historic Site 86A-000- Hill Roads. Buildings in Naylor represent residential, 18), this property passed through the Duvall family agricultural, commercial, and religious uses and range and was divided among heirs in 1903. After receiving in age from the mid-nineteenth century to the 1970s. this property, several members of the Duvall family The majority of buildings date from the late nineteenth constructed residences nearby. The Duvalls were also century to the first half of the twentieth century. There instrumental in the construction of Brookfield United is very little modern infill within the Naylor community. Methodist Church (Historic Resource 82B-000-13), Building forms represented include the I-house, donating the land to the church in 1886. The village was rectangular, bungalow, and ranch house. The majority known as Brookfield until the establishment of the post of buildings are vernacular, although some display office in the Naylor House (Historic Resource 86A-000- elements of the Colonial Revival and Craftsman styles. 26) circa 1911. The Duvall family continued to live in the Brookfield United Methodist Church is a vernacular area and succeeding generations constructed their own interpretation of the Gothic Revival style. The gently houses in Naylor in the 1920s and 1930s. rolling farmland of Naylor is dotted with wooded areas, and many of the houses are set close to the road. The The 1861 Martenet map shows virtually no development agricultural landscape has been well preserved and many in Naylor. William Duvall’s residence is the only building agricultural buildings remain extant. in the Naylor community. By 1878, the Hopkins map documents new residences constructed by the Duvall

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 335 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Nottingham (82B-035)

Legend

Nottingham Survey

Historic Resource Historic Site

WATERSHED DRIVE

0 65 130 260 390 Feet

336 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Nottingham (82B-035) decline and the population steadily decreased as families relocated to other areas. A devastating fire in 1901 Located in southeastern Prince George’s County, the destroyed most of the buildings in the small community, community of Nottingham was established when the leaving only a few extant structures. General Assembly of the Province of Maryland passed the “Act for the Advancement of Trade and Erecting The 1861 Martenet map shows a small town situated on Ports and Towns” in 1706 and 1707 in order to establish the banks of the Patuxent River. Within the town there commercial centers along the rivers in Maryland. In were several nonresidential buildings, including the 1747, Nottingham was designated as an inspection site Stamp & Son Store and Post Office, a blacksmith shop, for tobacco. In order to protect the quality of tobacco and a hotel run by William Quinn. The 1878 Hopkins being shipped to England, all tobacco grown in Maryland map shows some changes in Nottingham. The map had to pass through inspections sites at Nottingham, indicates the addition of a schoolhouse located in the Piscataway, Upper Marlboro, or Bladensburg before northern part of the town, as well as several warehouses it was allowed to be publicly sold. Between 1791 and on the river banks. 1801, Nottingham exported more than 8,340 hogsheads of tobacco. These small landing communities grew as The majority of buildings in Nottingham are late commercial activity was drawn to tobacco warehouses twentieth century infill, some constructed as recently as located on the banks of rivers and nearby creeks. 2002. There is only one remaining nineteenth-century building (the Turton-Smith House), although several Beginning in the late eighteenth century, Baltimore other residences were constructed immediately after began to develop as a large port, with more farmers the fire in 1901. The Colonial Revival is the predominate using Baltimore for the inspection, sale, and shipping style in Nottingham, whether a vernacular or modern of their tobacco. As Baltimore grew, the smaller river interpretation. Most buildings sit close to the road and communities began to diminish as centers of commercial are oriented to face the Patuxent River. The topography activity. The Patuxent River became more shallow, which of Nottingham is gently sloping towards the river. limited the size of ships that could navigate the waters. The Patuxent River continues to erode the banks of By the late nineteenth century, Nottingham began to Nottingham.

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 337 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

C H AL R F O O N A T D Piscataway

TAY L (84-023) O A R V E .

A V E .

Legend

Piscataway Survey Historic Resource Historic Site

BAILEYS

A B R

O A D R

I . L E Y S ND PO

L A R O L F WATERSHED D DRIVE A O

PISCATAWAY

M E G D IN ER IN G A C H N IR E C E L Y R G CR E D G IN E AN R E BR C R PO K O E L ST H L D L R SS R D IN . IV O EET E R H ST R D A R C D EET A RB E E OU H R APL S D M R. G A

0 237.5 475 950 1,425 N Feet

338 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Piscataway (84-023) with a new brick structure that also operated as a tavern. Run by Isadore Hardy and known as Hardy’s Tavern (84- Piscataway, located in southwestern Prince George’s 023-05), the family continued to operate the tavern until County, is one of the oldest villages in the county. the mid-nineteenth century. Thomas Clagett also ran a Piscataway takes its name from a Native-American tavern in Piscataway, beginning in the late eighteenth tribe of the same name that lived in the area along century. A portion of the building still remains as part Piscataway Creek. The Piscataway tribe was known of a private residence and is known as Piscataway Tavern to inhabit this area by the sixteenth century, with (84-023-03). settlements stretching from Piscataway Creek to Anne Arundel County, and across the Chesapeake Bay. After Piscataway began to decline in the early nineteenth John Smith’s landing in 1608, white settlers eventually century. Beginning in the late eighteenth century, made their way along the Potomac River pushing out Baltimore developed as a large port, with more farmers the native tribes. The Village of Piscataway was officially using Baltimore for the inspection, sale, and shipping established after the General Assembly of the Province of their tobacco. As Baltimore grew, the smaller of Maryland passed the “Act for the Advancement of river communities began to diminish as centers of Trade and Erecting Ports and Towns” in 1706 and 1707 commercial activity. Due to large-scale deforestation in order to establish commercial centers along the to build warehouses and other buildings, the silting of rivers in Maryland. The Act stated that a town was to be Piscataway Creek made its waters more shallow and not erected “on the South Side of Piscattaway [sic] Creek, at available for larger boats to dock and trade their goods. or near the Head thereof, to contain 40 or 50 Acres, at In 1858, the tobacco inspection warehouse was sold into the Discretion of the Commissioners.” At the time, there private hands, officially ending Piscataway’s significance was already some trading happening in the area. William as a trading post. By 1900, the population had dropped Hutchison owned a storehouse located near what would to 100 residents. become the village. Piscataway remains a small linear village; there has In 1747, the Village of Piscataway was designated as been some loss of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century- an inspection site for tobacco. In order to protect the buildings, but the examples that remain are outstanding quality of tobacco being shipped to England, all tobacco illustrations of their time period.The majority of buildings grown in Maryland had to pass through inspections date from the nineteenth century. Styles represented in sites at Nottingham, Piscataway, Upper Marlboro, or Piscataway include Georgian, Greek Revival, Italianate, Bladensburg before it was allowed to be publicly sold. Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and Craftsman. Suburban These small landing communities grew as commercial development is beginning to encroach on the small activity was drawn to the tobacco warehouses located community. The “Villages of Piscataway” (also known along the river and creek banks. Taking advantage of the as “The Preserve at Piscataway”) is a 879-acre mixed-use location, several stores soon opened in the village. A few development currently being constructed south of Floral of these functioned as import/export shops, purchasing Park Road at the intersection with Piscataway Road and tobacco for export, while importing goods for the local Danville Road. The “Villages of Piscataway” will contain farming community. Also contributing to the success of commercial/retail buildings, single-family dwellings, and Piscataway was the development of roads that connected townhouses. For now, the historic Village of Piscataway the village to other communities. In 1757, the postal is visually buffered from the new development by route was established from Annapolis to St. Mary’s surrounding trees on the south side of the Village; County and it passed directly through the village. however, the majority of the forested land is owned by the “Villages of Piscataway” and may be developed in the Piscataway was also the site of several early taverns, future. including Catherine Playfay’s tavern which began operation in 1741. In the 1790s, the tavern was replaced

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 339 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities OD GWO IN T N R R U Brandywine TU O T C (85A-032) C U O R U N I R N E T G V WO RO NG E MA O E Legend D VE R RI T

Brandywine Survey I D Historic Resource R T. Historic Site U S O NK S BA S I Y M R R E H C ROAD

RO BIN SO N S M T. CP HE . RS ON D S T. R

S T H G I E 0 1.5 3 6 9 H Miles E N I Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 340 W Y D N A R B Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Brandywine (85A-032) The Early family remained prominent residents of Brandywine. After the death of William H. Early in 1890, Brandywine is a late-nineteenth-century railroad his 3,000 acres of land were divided among his children, village located in southern Prince George’s County. who soon built high-style residences facing the railroad According to tradition, Brandywine was named after the tracks along Cherry Tree Crossing Road. Members of Revolutionary War’s Battle of Brandywine by a member the Early family were also largely responsible for the of the Early family, one of the original landowners in construction of the Bank of Brandywine (Historic Site the area. Brandywine developed as a small crossroads 85A-032-30) and the Chapel of the Incarnation (Historic village at the convergence of an old stagecoach road (now Site/NR 85A-032-27), two important local landmarks. MD 381) and old Indian Head Road. Martenet’s map of The family retained ownership of the William H. Early 1861 shows only a few improvements in the Brandywine Store (Historic Resource 85A-032-09) through the mid- community. Homes of the Early, Robinson, Burgess, 1950s and some family descendants still live in the Early Gibbons, and Cooksey families are documented, along residences. with William H. Early’s store and post office, and a blacksmith shop located to the west of the village. The topography of Brandywine is relatively flat. Buildings along Brandywine Road are a mix of commercial and The establishment of the Popes Creek Line of the residential structures set close to the road. Many of the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad in the 1870s brought commercial buildings are former single-family residences new development to the area. In 1872, William H. Early that have been rehabilitated to serve as commercial purchased a 42-acre tract of land that ran parallel to buildings. Likewise, a few commercial buildings have been the railroad tracks and was located north and south rehabilitated to function as residences, such as the Bank of Brandywine Road. This small parcel of land became of Brandywine building. The buildings in Brandywine the center of the village of Brandywine and was soon date from the 1870s–1970s and reflect a variety of populated by additional residences, stores, and a hotel. styles including various interpretations of Queen Anne, The 1878 Hopkins map shows the new residential Colonial Revival, Mission, Craftsman, and Modern buildings in the small village, along with the addition of Movement. Common building forms include I-houses, a schoolhouse and several stores. The most significant rectangular plans, American Foursquare, bungalows, and improvement was the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad’s ranch houses. The dwellings along Cherry Tree Crossing tracks through Brandywine. The Hopkins map also Road retain the most integrity. Constructed by members shows plans for the development of Brandywine City, a of the Early family, these houses remain some of the planned development that was to take advantage of new largest and most high-styled buildings in Brandywine. transportation routes provided by the railroad. Because The buildings are oriented to face the railroad tracks passenger service through Brandywine never prospered, rather than the road, indicating the importance of the plans for Brandywine City never materialized. the railroad in the late nineteenth century. Modern A second railroad line constructed by the Southern subdivisions dating from the 1970s–1990s surround the Maryland Railroad Line in the 1880s brought additional survey area. residents to the village. The population of Brandywine peaked in 1882 with approximately 250 residents; however, despite the construction of the second rail line, Brandywine’s population dropped to 60 residents by the early twentieth century.

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 341 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

T. B. (85A-033)

Legend Historic Resource T.B. Survey

Historic Site A

B R A N D Y W A I N V E E N U E

M D

R O A D

R O N. U 0 100 200 400 600 L TE Feet

NS AI PL 342 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

T.B. (85A-033) By 1878, the Hopkins map demonstrates growth in the community with several new families living in the T.B. is named for two of the largest nineteenth-century area. New buildings included a blacksmith shop, a store landowners in the area: William Townshend and Thomas and post office, and a school house. In the late 1880s, Brooke. Tradition maintains the name was derived from a the population of T.B. peaked at 150 residents. At the boundary stone carved with T and B, marking Townshend’s time, the village supported two schoolhouses (one for property to the west and Brooke’s property to the east. African-American students and one for white students), The community was first called Tee Bee Junction for the two churches, two blacksmith shops, two undertakers, number of roads that converged in the village. T.B. was two general stores, and two doctor’s offices. As other the crossroads for several old roads including Accokeek communities were established and continued to grow Road, Old Branch Avenue/Brandywine Road (MD 381) around the turn of the twentieth century, T.B. remained and several other east-west roads that ran between the stagnant and later lost residents to Brandywine, the site important ports of Piscataway on the Potomac River and of two railroad lines and a larger commercial area. In the Nottingham on the Patuxent River. Today, T.B. is still at mid-twentieth century, construction of MD 5 and the the junction of several important roads including MD 5 expansion of Old Crain Highway further reduced T.B.’s (Branch Avenue), Dyson Road, Brandywine Road, and importance as a commercial center and residential area. Old Brandywine Road. US 301 runs north to south and is located east of T.B. T.B. is currently a small community with a few commercial establishments including a liquor store and T.B. developed as a small crossroads community in the ice cream shop/restaurant. The majority of buildings early nineteenth century. The first documented building that remain in T.B. date from the late nineteenth to the was not constructed until circa 1830 and served as a early twentieth century and have been heavily altered. dwelling for a member of the Townshend family. The Only two buildings, the Marlow-Huntt Store and the family later constructed a small store adjacent to their Casket Shop remain relatively intact and reflective of property. Family tradition recounts that subsequent their original design. One former commercial building is houses such as the J. Eli Huntt Residence (85A-017) currently being used as a church and several residences were built by William Townshend as a carpentry exercise are located on Old Brandywine Road. Two vacant barns for his sons. Townshend had subdivided his property, located off of Brandywine Road are reminders of T.B.’s creating building lots that were then improved by the agricultural past. Buildings in the community are sited construction of houses and commercial buildings. close to the roads. The topography of T.B. is flat. A The 1861 Martenet map documents only a few structures sand and gravel extraction site is located north of the in T.B. Residences of the Grimes, Gibbons, Gwynn, and crossroads. Nearby public buildings include Gwynn Marlow families are shown, as well as the carpentry Park Junior High and Gwynn Park Senior High School, shop of J.H. Marlow and William Murray’s tavern. located northeast of the village.

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 343 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Croom

D (86A-027) A O R C RO OM

Legend M Croom Survey O O R Historic Resource C Historic Site LANE

TH OMA S B P RO LAC O C E K R E O O D M B A R O L IG E H R A T W F A Y

S MA THO ST.

FAR END M T S R E OAD E W R

R V

E 0 1.5 3 6 9 Miles R O A D

344 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Croom (86A-027) infill from the mid- to late twentieth century. Most of the buildings are single-family dwellings, although The village of Croom is centered on the intersections of agricultural buildings, a church and rectory, and several Croom Road, Duley Station Road, and St. Thomas Church commercial buildings exist. The survey district is located Road, the small village of approximately 50 buildings on both sides of Croom Road with Croom Airport Road represents rural development in the county from the marking the northern boundary and West End Farm as 1740s through the 1960s. Croom was named for a tract the southern boundary. of land called “Croome,” located northwest of the village patented by the Clagett family in 1671. Thomas John The gently rolling farmland contains buildings that date Clagett, born on his family’s Croom homestead, was from the mid-eighteenth century (St. Thomas’ Church) the first Episcopalian Bishop consecrated in America. In through the 1960s that represent a variety of styles, 1800, Clagett was named Chaplain of the United States most of which are vernacular buildings ornamented Senate. He served at St. Thomas Church (86A-027-07) to reflect popular styles. The majority of buildings in from 1780–1810, when he founded Trinity Episcopal Croom date from the late nineteenth century through Church in Upper Marlboro. the late 1930s. Buildings in the survey district have a variety of setbacks; some are located close to the road, The village of Croom began to develop in the mid- while others are set away from the road, down winding nineteenth century as a rural village centered on St. private drives. Styles represented in the village include Thomas Church (circa 1745), several residences, and Greek Revival, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Craftsman, John Coffren’s general store (circa 1853). By 1857, a post and vernacular interpretations of these popular styles. office was established in Croom and was operated out of Building forms include L- and T-shaped plans (both Coffren’s store. Because of its location between the port front- and side-gabled roofs), I-house, front-gable- of Nottingham and the county seat of Upper Marlboro, with-wing, rectangular, bungalow, Cape Cod, and ranch Croom Road became an important thoroughfare houses. There is very limited infill from the mid- to late in Prince George’s County. Croom Road acted as a twentieth century. Only two commercial buildings were significant north-south route supposedly established noted in the Croom survey district; both are general by Native Americans. By 1745, the road was officially stores that provide groceries and necessities for the local recognized, and in 1794, appeared on Dennis Griffith’s population. map of Maryland. By the 1860s, Croom had expanded to include the residences and shops of a miller, a carpenter, Because of the convenient location and open land, new a mechanic, and a blacksmith. By this time, a new residential developments are planned south of Croom, parsonage and a schoolhouse were erected to serve the near West End Farm (86A-005, 10709 Croom Road) and small community. The 1861 Martenet map documents west of Croom Road. Although outside of the survey these buildings clustered in the small village. The 1878 district, these new developments are indicative of the Hopkins map shows very little change in the village. pressure on rural villages in Prince George’s County to develop pastoral farmland into planned residential The majority of buildings in Croom date from the late communities. nineteenth century through the 1930s, with limited

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 345 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

O Woodville/Aquasco AD (87B-036)

ERVIL SUMM LE

U Legend AS Ö C

O Woodville/Aquasco Survey

Historic Resource E Ö LAN × D O × Historic Site O W

W O

MEAD

D R . BO W × EN × Y'S RT MAR COU ROAD ×. CHANCE ST S Ö T T E R

R ×O OVER LAND GA R × × AD COURT Ö H R IG ID H EN G Ö C D O E ID W U H O R D T EA T E M UR NIC CO VE

MD RO × AD .

R D T A .

O R 3 8 × Ö 1 Ö × Ö LIPS T PHIL × SAIN Ö Ö EA Ö GLE Ö

RD. H RC N U E H C

C K T

AD S

I O

R R

H C RO A ¯ D

0 500 1,000 2,000 3,000 Feet

346 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Woodville/Aquasco (87B-036) another schoolhouse was constructed on the northern edge of the village. This schoolhouse was replaced in Aquasco is a rural agricultural village; and Aquasco Road 1934 by the Woodville School. Woodville was also the (MD 381) serves as the major north-south transportation site of the first Episcopal chapel established for African- route in the community. The center of the village is Americans in Prince George’s County. St. Phillip’s chapel marked by the intersection of Aquasco Road, St. Mary’s was constructed circa 1878; the chapel was destroyed by Church Road, and Dr. Bowen Road. The majority of late fire in 1976, but the cemetery associated with the church nineteenth and early twentieth century resources are remains and is maintained by the congregation. located on both sides of Aquasco Road, which gives the village a linear feel. Aquasco was named for a nearby tract In the early twentieth century, the village remained a of land that was patented in 1650 and known by Native small, closely-knit community. The Woodville Town Hall Americans as “Aquascake.” The village’s location between was constructed in the early 1900s as a social hall, which the Patuxent River on the east and Swanson’s Creek on allowed families to interact during dances, meetings, the west creates a fertile area of farmland, primarily used and dinners. With the advent of the automobile, many to grow tobacco. children who grew up in Aquasco left the community and settled elsewhere. Their families began to subdivide their Historically, tobacco was an important commodity in the farms and sold lots for residential development. Despite community. The area’s close proximity to the Patuxent fewer families farming their land, the majority of land River not only contributed to the fertility of the land, but in the area continues to be used for farming and the also allowed access for the shipment of goods in and out of community remains a rural agricultural village. the community. By 1746, the production of tobacco was significant enough that a tobacco inspection warehouse The majority of buildings in Aquasco date from the mid- was proposed for construction close to the community nineteenth century to the turn of the twentieth century. at Trueman’s Point. Although the inspection station was Buildings from the nineteenth century are typically never established, the landing was integral to commerce vernacular interpretations of popular styles such as Greek and trade. In the eighteenth century, the area around Revival, Italianate, Gothic Revival and Queen Anne. Aquasco was divided into large tobacco plantations. By These buildings illustrate a variety of forms, including the end of the eighteenth century, Aquasco Road was rectangular-shaped plans, hall-and-parlor, and I-houses. established through the area, resulting in the formation Twentieth-century buildings in Aquasco reflect popular of a small village known as Woodville. styles such as Craftsman, Colonial Revival, and limited examples of the Modern Movement. There are numerous By the mid-nineteenth century, Martenet’s 1861 outbuildings in the survey area including barns, sheds, map documents a grist mill, several stores, a tavern, smokehouses, tobacco barns, and other domestic and blacksmith shop, several churches, and a wind mill. The agricultural outbuildings. Houses are typically clustered Hopkins map of 1878 documented only a few changes, around the main thoroughfares and are sited close to primarily the construction of new residences, an the road, although setbacks vary from 10 feet to more additional blacksmith shop, and an African-American than 500 feet from the road. The village is situated on church southwest of the village. The Hopkins map predominately flat terrain; however, the land gently rolls notes the village was called Aquasco for the post office as it slopes toward the water of the Patuxent River and located there. After the Civil War, some freed slaves who Swanson’s Creek. formerly worked on the tobacco plantations around the Woodville-Aquasco area remained in the area to work A 14-lot residential development adjoining St. Phillip’s as tenant farmers. In 1867, a small Freedmen’s Bureau Road called “Cedar Farms” is being built and a parcel school was built for African-American students and also adjoining Dr. Bowen Road called “Garrett’s Chance” will served as a Methodist meeting place. Ten years later, contain 20 residential lots.

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 347

B A

A S

N H

N Appendix B•DocumentedI Historic Communities

N G

G L R

A T

O S A

V N R A

Eagle Harbor A V

. A V E

E . (87B-038) B

B L

V E

D T

. H

A Legend V E Eagle Harbor Survey . S

Y Historic Site C

T A

R M

L H O

. A R W E R TRL.

K JUNIPE

P W

S A

I LE T L MAP S U

. X

O TRL E N AIL

D TR N M R EL T . THORN W HAW

A D . LN TRL U R .

T . R D C . H N TRL

E OL D

R N C

BEACH R IN L A B

Y L WOOD SH L A V

T R D

L TRL. . . ADLER TRL. OAK TRAIL

0 125 250 500 750 1,000 Feet

348 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Eagle Harbor (87B-038) The resort was only 30 miles from Washington over fine roads, and the community would be “a high class summer The resort community of Eagle Harbor began to develop colony for the better people.” Lots were offered for $50 in the 1920s at the site of a river port, Trueman Point or less, and prospective buyers could (for $1.00 round- (87B-028), on the Patuxent River. Eagle Harbor is trip bus fare) visit the resort for inspection. This was a located 25 miles south of the Capital Beltway, almost at period when Highland Beach, north of Annapolis, was a the southeasternmost tip of county. The town has no popular resort community, and Eagle Harbor also began commercial establishments; the closest convenience to attract a good number of middle class blacks. People store is three miles away. Trueman Point on the Patuxent began building small cottages for their summertime use, served as the river port for Aquasco farmers throughout and by 1928, the Eagle Harbor Citizens Association was the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In 1747, it already exploring the idea of incorporation. The town was considered for designation as an official tobacco was officially incorporated in 1929. inspection warehouse, and although this designation was never realized, Trueman Point did connect the farmers Just over a year after Walter Bean began the process of of southern Prince George’s County with Baltimore and developing Eagle Harbor, the Maryland Development other ports, and it continued to be heavily used by local Corporation began purchasing property immediately to planters for shipping tobacco and other merchandise. In the north, also fronting on the Patuxent, with the goal the nineteenth century, Trueman’s Point was acquired by of developing another resort community. This second Weem’s Steamboat Company and served as a steamboat community, Cedar Haven, never equaled Eagle Harbor’s port into the twentieth century. In 1925, developer Walter success as a resort, and much of its land has remained L. Bean purchased several parcels of land from families undeveloped. Eagle Harbor is still a small and quiet river who had long owned considerable amounts of land in front community; there are piers for fishing and boating, area. One such farm was owned by a white family, Thomas a town hall and public parkland, but not a trace today of Wood and his family. The area was originally known as the several hotels which once attracted visitors. Woodville. Bean purchased this land, adjacent to Trueman Point, with the idea of creating a resort community for Today in Eagle Harbor there are approximately 60 African-Americans from the Washington area. dwellings, only 4 of which are from the early building period; most of the buildings are for summer use only, and Bean’s land was surveyed and platted in small lots which for most of the year the atmosphere of the community is were then heavily advertised in the African-American quiet and rural. The area is true to its rustic resort roots newspapers of Washington, D.C. The sales manager for with homes having wells for drinking water and private Eagle Harbor was M. Jones, who during the years of septic tanks. Some houses are purported to still have their 1925 and 1926 released voluminous advertisements outhouses although their current use is unknown. There for the new resort. Advertisements in the Washington is very little turnover in houses with many being passed Tribune in the mid 1920s boast “500 Plots at 1 Cent, down within the same family. There was growing concern Payable 20 percent down and balance in 40 equal Weekly in the 1980s about the influx of white residents and the Payments.” the new $50,000 Hotel will “Double Values at possibility of a larger development takeover. In the 2001 Eagle Harbor within the next thirty days!” and “Come to Washington Post Article “Safe Harbor on the Patuxent” Eagle Harbor Plenty of accommodations for Vacationists Myrna White, chairman of the town commission whose and Week-End Parties Fine Beach, Bathing, Boating, grandfather was one of the founders of Eagle Harbor, Fishing, Merry-go-round, Cafes, Tea Rooms, Boarding stated regarding the increase in white population that Houses, Sugar Bowl Bath House, Large Excursion Boat. “it’s something new for us, but no problem.” And Ideal Place for Sunday School and Private Picnics. Fishing Parties and Week-end Visitors!”

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 349 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Cedar Haven (87B-039)

Legend

Cedar Haven Survey

Historic Resource

BLVD. WHEATLEY PHYLLIS C

F P BR BEN R

R AU

H I

ED O SPU

JO L JAMI O

KER L

N I

S C N S

W D

YO A

L U BAN ASH

AN N T

U BAR T

G N N I U N G

G ST ER . G ST L

O T ALLEN KER

D K ICHAR O

R A N

J. H VE A. N

A A .

A C VE VE

C G . K. A VE

R AR VE

. O . BL BR U B

K . MMEL N VD E

U ET A

C VE. L . B H

D A V A L N

VE.

VE. A E

VE.

. A

ADY RO C T A

R M

L H O

. A R W E TRL.

K JUNIPER

N P W

N S A I

I E T L MAPL

O SO U

N E TRL. X P N AIL D TR M EL R T . HORN N W HAWT

A A D . R LN TRL OA M U R . E T . R U D D R C . T H N TRL

ER OL D

N C

BEACH R IN L A B

Y L WOOD L ASH V

T TRL. R D

L TRL. . . ADLER TRL. OAK TRAIL 0 1.5 3 6 9 Miles C H A

K 350 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

Cedar Haven (87B-039) but trees were also planted along the roads to provide shade. Sears, Roebuck, and Company kit homes, such Established in 1927 as a waterfront community, as the Magnolia, the Bellhaven, and the Whitehall, Cedar Haven was designed as a summer refuge for were used as models for new homes in the community. African-Americans. The community was located on Residents were encouraged to order homes from Sears a three-hundred acre parcel, about an hour outside or model homes after their patterns. Some of the most of Washington, D.C., and along the Patuxent River. notable houses in the neighborhood included Sojourn, The founders of Cedar Haven hoped it would rival the White Cedars, and Bellana. The first house, Sojourn, was adjacent resort town of Eagle Harbor, established just a built in 1927 by Mr. And Mrs. William H. Thompson year earlier. Although the resort never took off the way and was a small, front gable house clad in wood shingles Eagle Harbor did, it was an important place for blacks in with an enclosed front porch. It was later improved with Prince George’s County. Cedar Haven, like Eagle Harbor, a large addition, fireplace, and paved driveway. White was built on lands that were once a part of the Trueman’s Cedars,”owned by Mrs. Z. Ella M. Gunnell and Mrs. Mary Point Landing (87B-028), a historic river port along the Hawley, was a ten-room, two-apartment bungalow, with Patuxent. In 1817, Trueman’s Point was acquired by a screened porch surrounding the entire dwelling. The Weem’s Steamboat Company and served as a steamboat Bellana, named after owner Anna E. Bell still stands and port into the twentieth century. The steamboat company is a front-gable house on a raised pier foundation with an went bankrupt not long after Cedar Haven and Eagle open flat-roofed porch. Harbor were established, leaving the wharf open for use by the new resorts for African-Americans. The houses, which are mostly one and one-and-a-half story, gabled cottages and bungalows, characteristically Early advertisements for the community spoke of an have raised foundations, porches and large yards. Many “exclusive” community of hills, beaches, woodlands, of the houses have been modified over the years with and meadows with fishing and crabbing, sports, hotels, additions and replacement materials. Many houses in dinners, and dancing. The promotional literature claimed the area resemble or are Sears, Roebuck kit homes, as that a “60 foot boulevard sweeps across the stately builders in the 1920s were encouraged to model their crescent shaped beach, lined with stately cedars from small, inexpensive bungalows after the Bellhaven or end to end.” Advertisers claimed that Cedar Haven Whitehall. Most of the houses have small sheds, garages, was a safe place for children, where they could escape or other outbuildings on the lot as well.The streets the dangers of city streets and learn the names of the in Cedar Haven were laid out in a grid pattern, with country’s greatest African-American leaders from the the north/south thoroughfare, Banneker Boulevard street names. They could swim at the natural beaches or anchoring a number of smaller streets. Richard Allen enjoy the playground. Visitors could enjoy the summer Street is the main road running east and west, although activities by the water and stay for the fall foliage. For it is quite narrow and without curbs or lighting. Most of summer visitors, there was a bathhouse on Crispus the other streets are small, and many do not run far off Atticus Boulevard equipped with 80 locker dressing the main road. Although many maps show the streets laid rooms, separated for men and women, as well as trained out in a grid pattern, most of the streets were never fully attendants. A lounging porch faced the water. Members extended or paved. The roads are narrow, with no curbs, of the community often gathered at the waters’ edge to street lights, or sidewalks, and are heavily shaded by watch ships go up and down the Patuxent River. Those rows of trees and dense woods to the west. All the streets without houses could stay at the Cedar Haven Hotel, a in Cedar Haven were named after significant figures in large bungalow with a full length porch resting on stone African-American history, such as the poet Paul Dunbar, piers, which was equipped with gas, electricity, a garage, the founder of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, and a dance hall; the hotel was well-known for its chicken Richard Allen, and Blanche K. Bruce, the first African- dinners. American to preside over the senate. Although Cedar Early construction in Cedar Haven comprised small Haven never achieved the success that Eagle Harbor bungalows and cottages with porches and large setbacks. did as a resort community, its history, landscape, and Many trees were cleared to make room for new houses, architecture make it a significant African-American site in Prince George’s County.

Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan 351 Appendix B•Documented Historic Communities

352 Preliminary Historic Sites and Districts Plan