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Helios Quartz

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Helios Quartz 1°Copertina.pdf 1 09/05/16 09:33 QUARTZ QUARTZ C M Y CM MY CY CMY K R 2°Copertina.pdf 1 09/05/16 09:34 NATURAL QUARTZ C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Quartz is a unique material, due to its high purity level Since 1940 Helios has been on the market for the of SiO2 and to its mechanical, electrical, thermal, production of scientific equipment, of UV and IR chemical and optical properties. emitters. Moreover it has a long-time experience in the production and processing of the following items in These properties are really appreciated in several clear, translucent or opaque quartz glass: fields, like in the industry of the semiconductor, optical fiber, chemical industry, steel industry, electrical • tubes heaters, light industry and in research labs. • domed tubes • rods Helios is able to meet very different requests and offers • disks its customers items made of clear, translucent or • plates opaque quartz glass, which are produced with different • bars production techniques and raw materials: synthetic or • customized items on customer drawings natural quartz sand with different levels of purity. • lab items 1.pdf 1 09/05/16 09:33 PRODUCTION METHODS One Step production method Electric vacuum two-step fusion method This is the most common method used to produce The first production step consists in a quartz glass quartz glass in a continuous process. lingot that is obtained through an electrical vacuum The quartz sand is melted in a tungsten crucible that fusion furnace; then it is fused again through an induc- contains electrical heating elements; the fused material tion furnace to become tubes, rods and plates. All the flows down from the crucible through a bottom mould heater moulds and crucibles of this producing method where it is shaped into tubes, plates and rods. are made of high purity graphite. The quartz glass By this production method and with the proper raw mate- produced through this method has an excellent thermal rials selection we are able to obtain finished goods with stability, a very good resistance to high temperature, a high purity, excellent mechanical, thermal and optical great transmission from the UV to the IR range of wave- properties and low OH content. lengths and stable and very low OH content (<3ppm). Oxygen hydrogen flame fusion production method Electric cylinder fusion method The fusion process occurs through a hydrogen/oxygen The fusion process occurs into a mould represented by (H2/O2) flame. a cylinder. One elrctrical heating is placed in the middle The raw material is heated up through a H2/O2 flame of the cylinder, while the others externally all around. C until it melts. In this way, we obtain a lingot, which can be The particularity of this process consists in the rotation shaped into tubes, rods, disks, plates. The OH content is of the mould around its axis during the fusion of the M stable at 150 ppm., this value cannot be reduced through quartz sand: in this way the melted quartz fixes on the Y annealing processes. The optical properties of these inner wall of the wall by centrifugal acceleration. CM qualities of quartz glass are excellent, in fact through the This technology allows obtaining large diameter quartz use of this type of process we can guarantee a finished glass tubes with big thickness. MY good virtually free from bubbles content. CY CMY K H One Step production method production One Step 2 /O 2 flame fusion production method flame fusion production R 2.pdf 1 09/05/16 09:34 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES Quartz is an excellent electric insulating material and The following graphs show the trend of the dielectric presents the following electrical properties: constant for synthetic and natural quartz, the trend of the electrical resistivity for the NHI®-1111 and • electrical resistivity (350°): 7x107 ohm x cm NHI®-1121 quartz, according to the variation of the • dielectric constant (20°C - 1MHz): 3,76 working temperature. • insulated strength (20°C - 1MHz): 5 x 107 V/m • dielectric absorbance constant: <4 x 10-4 • dielectric ullage constant: <1 x 10-4 Dielectric constant Electrical resistivity Dielectric constant Resistivity (Ω.cm) 3,97 1016 3,93 1014 3,89 1012 NHI®-1121 Standard quartz ® C NHI -1111 Sinthetic quartz 1010 M 3,85 R R 8 Y 10 T (°C) 1000/T (°K) CM 3,81 106 MY 0 400 800 1200 1600 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 CY CMY K MECHANICAL PROPERTIES The mechanical properties are influenced from the The following table shows the main parameters of the shape, the impurity level or the presence of defects on mechanical properties of each quality of quartz the surface and from the age of the material. produced by Helios. QUALITY CLASS DENSITY HARDNESS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TENSILE STRENGTH NHI®-1100 ® 3 3 9 7 2 NHI -1101 2,2X10 kg/m 550 KHN100 >1,1x10 Pa 4,7x10 Pa (N/m ) NHI®-1102 NHI®-1111 ® 3 3 9 7 2 NHI -1112 2,2X10 kg/m 580 KHN100 >1,1x10 Pa 4,9x10 Pa (N/m ) NHI®-1121 ® NHI -1200 3 3 9 7 2 2,2X10 kg/m 580 KHN100 >1,1x10 Pa 5,0x10 Pa (N/m ) NHI®-1210 ® 3 3 9 7 2 NHI -1300 2,21X10 kg/m 580 KHN100 1,2x10 Pa 5,0x10 Pa (N/m ) ® NHI -1100 UC 3 3 9 7 2 2,15X10 kg/m 550 KHN100 1,0x10 Pa 5,0x10 Pa (N/m ) NHI®-1103 UC ® 3 3 9 7 2 NHI -1300 UC 2,15X10 kg/m 580 KHN100 1,0x10 Pa 5,0x10 Pa (N/m ) ® 3 3 7 2 NHI -1400 2,15-2,18 g/m 580 KHN100 1,2x10 Pa 50x10 Pa (N/m ) 3.pdf 1 09/05/16 09:35 THERMAL PROPERTIES The main characteristic of fused quartz glass under the Fused quartz glass is a solid material at ambient thermal point of view is its low thermal expansion temperature, however at high temperature it behaves coefficient (5.5 x 10-7 cm/cm°C). The material has an just like any other glass type, it does not have a specific exceptional thermal stability compared to traditional fusion temperature and it softens at about 1630°C glass. If fused quartz glass is heated up to 1100°C and acting like a plastic material. This state transformation kept at this temperature for about an hour, it will not lasts for a wide range of temperature and it is charac- change color. It has also an excellent thermal shock terized by the changing of viscosity with the variation of resistance; if the material is warmed up to a tempera- temperature. ture of 1100°C and then suddenly colled down to 20°C and if we repeat this procedure for three times, the The following graphs show the trend of the thermal piece of quartz glass does not break. expansion coefficient and of the thermal conductivity, according to the temperature. Thermal expansion coefficient Thermal conductivity Thermal expansion coefficient (°C-1.10-7) Thermal conductivity K 12 3,2 8 2,4 4 C 0 1,6 M Y -4 CM R 0,8 R -8 MY T (°C) T (°C) CY -12 0 -400-200 0200 400600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 -250 0 500 1000 1500 2000 CMY K The following table shows the main parameters of the mechanical properties for each quality of quartz produced by Helios Quartz. THERMAL THERMAL EXPANSION MAX WORKING SOFTENING ANNEALING SPECIFIC HEAT QUALITY CLASS CONDUCTIVITY COEFFICIENT TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE (20°C) (20°C) (20°C-300°C) LONG/SHORT TERM NHI®-1100 NHI®-1101 1630 °C 1150 °C 660 J/Kg °C 1,4 W/m °C 5,5x10-7 cm/cm °C 1100/1250 °C NHI®-1102 NHI®-1111 NHI®-1112 1680 °C 1215 °C 670 J/Kg °C 1,4 W/m °C 5,5x10-7 cm/cm °C 1100/1250 °C NHI®-1121 NHI®-1200 1700 °C 1220 °C 690 J/Kg °C 1,4 W/m °C 5,5x10-7 cm/cm °C 1100/1250 °C NHI®-1210 NHI®-1300 1690 °C 1200 °C 690 J/Kg °C 1,4 W/m °C 5,5x10 -7 cm/cm °C 1100/1250 °C NHI®-1100 UC 1580 °C 1100 °C 640 J/Kg °C 1,4 W/m °C 5,4x10-7 cm/cm °C 1100/1250 °C NHI®-1103 UC NHI®-1300 UC 1600 °C 1120 °C 650 J/Kg °C 1,4 W/m °C 5,4x10-7 cm/cm °C 1100/1250 °C NHI®-1400 1600 °C 1120 °C 720 J/Kg °C 1,2 W/m °C 5,4x10-7 cm/cm °C 1100/1250 °C NHI®-1410 R 4.pdf 1 09/05/16 09:36 OPTICAL PROPERTIES Index of refraction Index of refraction Fused Quartz’s optical properties depend on its trans- 1,52 parency level and on the production method and they 1,50 are far better than the standard glass because quartz glass has a much higher purity level. 1,48 1,46 The graph on the right shows the trend of the index of refraction according to the wavelength. 1,44 1,42 The graph below shows the transmission spectrum R according to the wavelength. 1,40 Wawelength (µm) 1,38 00,4 0,81,2 1,62 2,42,8 3,2 3,6 4 Transmission % transmission 100 90 80 70 NHI®-1191 ® 60 NHI -1100 NHI®-1111 50 NHI®-1111 OF C ® 40 NHI -1111 UA ® M NHI -1200 30 NHI®-1210 ® Y 20 R NHI -1300 CM 10 Wawelength (nm) MY 0 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 350 450 550 650 750 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 CY CMY K VISCOSITY AND DEVITRIFICATION Fused Quartz has a very high viscosity and from the Viscosity softening point onwards it is not in a solid state log10 viscosity anymore but it slowly flows.
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