DOCSLIB.ORG

The Cell & Gene Therapy Market Matures Wave of Collaborations Accelerate Vaccine Development Dealmaking in 2020 Faces New Ch

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Cell & Gene Therapy Market Matures Wave of Collaborations Accelerate Vaccine Development Dealmaking in 2020 Faces New Ch June 2020 biopharmadealmakers.nature.com — Nurturing biopharma partnerships The cell & gene therapy market matures Wave of collaborations accelerate vaccine development Dealmaking in 2020 faces new challenges Originally published as an advertising feature in the June 2020 editions of DRUG DISCOVERY PLATFORM THE WORLD OF FULLY HUMAN ANTIBODIES et u Me s! BIO DIGITAL CONVENTION June 8–12 CONTACT US TO DISCUSS [email protected] YOUR NEEDS! www.yumab.com June 2020 FEATURE B3 Next-generation therapeutics sustain momentum The next-generation therapeutics space has continued to progress on several fronts in the past 12 months, but this could be set to change as the industry copes with the COVID-19 crisis. PROFILES B6 Elicio Therapeutics B14 Novadip Biosciences Cover image Gene therapy conceptual B8 NovaGo Therapeutics B15 Aruvant Sciences illustration; a double stranded DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule coming B9 Biovian B16 Antapodia out of a viral capsid. Science Photo Library / Alamy Stock Photo. B10 Cellatoz Therapeutics Nanotherapeutics BioPharma Dealmakers is a quarterly B11 inRegen B17 MiCAN Technologies publication that facilitates partnering by profiling the activities of organizations B12 Synplogen in the biopharma field, including biotech companies, global biopharma companies and academic institutions. Profiles of organizations are aligned with FEATURE relevant editorial features that cover different therapeutic and technological themes in each issue. B18 Partnering for a pandemic Note Companies that appear in this History has shown that collaborative efforts can have a crucial role in combating issue have paid for their advertisement viral outbreaks such as the current coronavirus pandemic. features and have final approval of their content. If you would like to appear in the next BioPharma Dealmakers PROFILES please contact Claire Thompson: [email protected] B20 GSK Vaccines B23 TAXIS Pharmaceuticals B21 Amicoat B24 Atriva Therapeutics Dealmakers team Editor Raveena Bhambra B22 Sanofi Pasteur Editorial Assistant Georgia Francis Profile Writers Emma Dorey, Suzanne Elvidge, Dan Jones, Jackie Kelly, Mary Lee Mackichan, Gaspar Taroncher- Oldenburg, Nick Taylor FEATURE Feature Writers Raveena Bhambra, Paul Verdin B25 Dealmaking in 2020: navigating a new landscape Production Simon Fenwick, Richard Thomas After a slow start to the year, dealmaking for the rest of 2020 is likely to be Head of Business Development profoundly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Claire Thompson Business Development Manager Verónica Zacatenco PROFILES Account Executives Rebecca Djaic, Carmen Ramirez B27 D&D PharmaTech B31 Panorama Medicine Marketing Kimberly Petit, Jack Holloway Publisher Richard Hughes B28 nference B32 Henlius Biotech B30 Noveome Biotherapeutics Human iPSC derived glutamatergic neurons for research and HTS When cells need precision and consistency www.bit.bio | [email protected] FEATURE Next-generation therapeutics sustain momentum The next-generation therapeutics space has continued to progress on several fronts in the past 12 months, but this could be set to change as the industry copes with the COVID-19 crisis. Vector Stock Gulenok / Alamy Vitalii Credit: Paul Verdin In April 2019, the combined 2024 sales forecast for the cell, that affect cell therapies in general. It is also too soon to assess the gene and nucleic acid therapy market was $41 billion, accord‑ impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic, which could dramatically ing to EvaluatePharma sell‑side consensus forecasts (Biopharma affect future forecasts. Dealmakers B15–17, June 2019). One year on, we analysed the area again, and here we highlight the latest trends in market fore‑ Key approvals casts, approvals, development pipeline focus, leading companies The past 12 months have kept up the recent approval momentum and dealmaking for next‑generation therapeutics. in the field. Among the new products with the greatest expecta‑ tions is AveXis/Novartis’s Zolgensma (onasemnogene abeparv‑ Fluctuating forecasts ovec), which became the first US Food and Drug Administration Although clinical progress has boosted the number of next‑ (FDA)‑approved gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) generation therapeutic products on the market since 2019, our in May 2019. This approval also set up an interesting dynamic analysis of the same landscape puts the overall forecast value in within the next‑generation therapeutics space, with Zolgensma 2024 at $38 billion—a 7% contraction of commercial expecta‑ launching into a market already occupied by Biogen’s Spinraza tions (Fig. 1). (nusinersen, an antisense oligonucleotide). Both therapies target Forecasts fluctuate of course, and volatility in forecast com‑ the underlying cause of SMA, but Zolgensma is theoretically a mercial performance is to be expected in such a pioneering area. ‘one‑and‑done’ treatment, while Spinraza requires repeated Looking beyond the headline value, however, reveals that forecasts administration. Zolgensma has checked Spinraza’s growth and for DNA and RNA therapeutics (such as antisense oligonucle‑ is forecast to be the leader in an increasingly crowded SMA market otides) and gene therapy have remained relatively stable—cell by 2024, with sales of $2.04 billion compared with $1.57 billion therapy is where the largest declines are apparent, as forecasts for Spinraza. have eroded by almost $3 billion (or approximately 20%) since Vyondys 53 (golodirsen), the second of Sarepta Therapeutics’ this time last year (Fig. 2). It is too soon to say whether this is the growing portfolio of exon‑skipping antisense oligonucleotides beginning of a cooling‑off of commercial expectations for some for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), was approved by cell therapy approaches. However, perhaps it could reflect grow‑ the FDA in December 2019. And in Europe, there was a first ing recognition of the strong competition in some areas such as approval for bluebird bio, with a European Medicines Agency blood cancers, as well as the access and affordability challenges (EMA) nod for Zynteglo (autologous CD34+ cells encoding the 40,000 18,000 2024 (April 2020) 35,000 Genome editing 17,000 Gene therapy 2024 (April 2019) 30,000 DNA and RNA therapeutics 16,000 Gene-modified cell therapy 25,000 Cell therapy 15,000 20,000 14,000 15,000 13,000 10,000 12,000 Sales forecast ($ million) Sales forecast Sales forecast ($ million) Sales forecast 5,000 11,000 0 10,000 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Gene therapy Cell therapy DNA and RNA therapeutics Fig. 1 | Sales growth forecasts of cell, gene and nucleic acid Fig. 2 | Changes in sales growth forecast trends of cell, gene therapy products from 2020 to 2024. Source: EvaluatePharma, and nucleic acid therapy products in 2024. April 2020. Source: EvaluatePharma, April 2020. biopharmadealmakers.nature.com | June 2020 | B3 FEATURE Duchenne muscular dystrophy Spinal muscular atrophy Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Amyloidosis Multiple myeloma Hemophilia A Acute myeloid leukemia Melanoma Sickle cell disease Hemophilia B Huntington disease Thalassemia Chronic heart failure Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy Hyperlipidemia Porphyria Parkinson disease Epidermolysis bullosa 2024 (April 2020) Urinary calculi/kidney stones 2024 (April 2019) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 Sales forecast ($ million) Fig. 3 | Top 20 indications in the field of cell, gene and nucleic acid therapies, based on 2024 sales forecasts. Source: EvaluatePharma, April 2020. βA‑T87Q‑globin gene) for patients with β‑thalassemia, as well as marketed (Zolgensma and Spinraza), and >99% of the 2024 forecast an EMA approval for Akcea/Ionis’s Waylivra (volanesorsen), an of $3.6 billion is contributed by these marketed products. antisense oligonucleotide therapy for familial chylomicronemia The risk inherent in these forecasts is therefore very different, syndrome. even without factoring in uncertainty around commercial per‑ The scale and diversity of progress being made in the next‑ formance once on the market. Across the top 20 indications by generation therapeutics space is a testament to the industry’s 2024 sales, only 6 are currently validated to the extent of regula‑ ability and effort in developing novel science into commercial tory approval and so clearly the space will continue to be highly products. Across the industry, EvaluatePharma lists >5,300 active dynamic. R&D programs in cell and nucleic acid medicine, an increase of 6% on the same analysis 12 months ago. Just over 2,000 of these Companies taking the lead next‑generation therapeutic programs are in clinical development This dynamism is also reflected in the company rankings (Fig. 4). (an increase of 8% over 12 months), with more than 200 programs This time last year Sarepta led the pack in terms of 2024 forecast in phase 3 trials or at the regulatory filing stage. sales, and few major biopharma players featured in the top 20 by forecast revenues. Again, only 5 of the top 20 companies are Leading indications large biopharma: Novartis, Bristol‑Myers Squibb (following the Current clinical development pipelines in the field have a large acquisition of Celgene), Biogen, Gilead and Roche. In this year’s focus on oncology, with 16 of the top 20 indications in cancer. The analysis, however, Novartis leapfrogs Sarepta—albeit margin‑ most studied non‑oncology indications are rare ophthalmology ally—to become the top‑ranked company in the field, with sales conditions, Parkinson disease, osteoarthritis and peripheral vas‑ forecasts of $4.25 billion versus Sarepta’s $4.14
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Current Affairs Quiz July 2020
    Current Affairs Quiz 2020 Current Affairs Quiz July 2020 1. With which of the following Foundation Ministry of Agriculture of India has signed a contract for spraying atomized pesticide? A. Aerialair B. Aero360 C. M/s Micron D. Martian Way Corporation Explanation: Anticipating Locust attack, Ministry of Agriculture signed a contract with M/s Micron, UK to modify two Mi-17 Helicopters for spraying atomized pesticide to arrest Locust breeding in May 2020. Read the Article Click Here 2. When the National Charted Accountants Day is celebrated? A. 1st June B. 1st July C. 1st August D. 1st September Explanation: National Charted Accountants Day is celebrated on July 1 every year to commemorate the finding of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) by the parliament of India in 1949. Read the Article Click Here 3. Recently, which of the following govt scheme has been extended for a further five months till November-end for distributing free foodgrains to the poor by PM? A. PM Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana B. PM Vaya Vandana Yojana C. PM Jan Dhan Yojana D. PM Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana Explanation: Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi has extended PM Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana for a further five months till November-end for distributing free foodgrains to the poor. The government will Report Errors in the PDF – [email protected] ©All Rights Reserved by Gkseries.com Current Affairs Quiz 2020 keep providing free foodgrains to the poor section of the society due to the increased need during the festivals. Read the Article Click Here 4.
    [Show full text]
  • En Este Número
    Boletín Científico No. 18 (1-10 julio/2021) EN ESTE NÚMERO VacCiencia es una publicación dirigida a Resumen de candidatos vacu- investigadores y especialistas dedicados a nales contra la COVID-19 ba- la vacunología y temas afines, con el ob- sadas en la plataforma de sub- jetivo de serle útil. Usted puede realizar unidad proteica en desarrollo a sugerencias sobre los contenidos y de es- nivel mundial. (segunda parte) ta forma crear una retroalimentación Artículos científicos más que nos permita acercarnos más a sus recientes de Medline sobre necesidades de información. vacunas. Patentes más recientes en Patentscope sobre vacunas. Patentes más recientes en USPTO sobre vacunas. 1| Copyright © 2020. Todos los derechos reservados | INSTITUTO FINLAY DE VACUNAS Resumen de vacunas contra la COVID-19 basadas en la plataforma de subunidad proteica en desarrollo a nivel mundial (segunda parte) Las vacunas de subunidades antigénicas son aquellas en las que solamente se utilizan los fragmentos específicos (llamados «subunidades antigénicas») del virus o la bacteria que es indispensable que el sistema inmunitario reconozca. Las subunidades antigénicas suelen ser proteínas o hidratos de carbono. La mayoría de las vacunas que figuran en los calendarios de vacunación infantil son de este tipo y protegen a las personas de enfermedades como la tos ferina, el tétanos, la difteria y la meningitis meningocócica. Este tipo de vacunas solo incluye las partes del microorganismo que mejor estimulan al sistema inmunitario. En el caso de las desarrolladas contra la COVID-19 contienen generalmente, la proteína S o fragmentos de la misma como el Dominio de Unión al Receptor (RBD, por sus siglas en inglés).
    [Show full text]
  • Vaccines and Therapeutics Against Hantaviruses
    fmicb-10-02989 January 28, 2020 Time: 16:47 # 1 REVIEW published: 30 January 2020 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02989 Vaccines and Therapeutics Against Hantaviruses Rongrong Liu1†, Hongwei Ma1†, Jiayi Shu2,3, Qiang Zhang4, Mingwei Han5, Ziyu Liu1, Xia Jin2*, Fanglin Zhang1* and Xingan Wu1* 1 Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China, 2 Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education & Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 3 Viral Disease and Vaccine Translational Research Unit, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China, 4 School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China, 5 Cadet Brigade, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China Hantaviruses (HVs) are rodent-transmitted viruses that can cause hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the Americas and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Eurasia. Together, these viruses have annually caused approximately 200,000 human infections worldwide in recent years, with a case fatality rate of 5–15% for HFRS and up to 40% for HCPS. There is currently no effective Edited by: Lu Lu, treatment available for either HFRS or HCPS. Only whole virus inactivated vaccines Fudan University, China against HTNV or SEOV are licensed for use in the Republic of Korea and China, but Reviewed by: the protective efficacies of these vaccines are uncertain. To a large extent, the immune Gong Cheng, correlates of protection against hantavirus are not known. In this review, we summarized Tsinghua University, China Wei Hou, the epidemiology, virology, and pathogenesis of four HFRS-causing viruses, HTNV, Wuhan University, China SEOV, PUUV, and DOBV, and two HCPS-causing viruses, ANDV and SNV, and then *Correspondence: discussed the existing knowledge on vaccines and therapeutics against these diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • Book Coronaviruses
    Coronaviruses Edited by Jean-Marc Sabatier Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology Marseille, Cedex France BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD. End User License Agreement (for non-institutional, personal use) This is an agreement between you and Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. Please read this License Agreement carefully before using the ebook/echapter/ejournal (“Work”). Your use of the Work constitutes your agreement to the terms and conditions set forth in this License Agreement. If you do not agree to these terms and conditions then you should not use the Work. Bentham Science Publishers agrees to grant you a non-exclusive, non-transferable limited license to use the Work subject to and in accordance with the following terms and conditions. This License Agreement is for non-library, personal use only. For a library / institutional / multi user license in respect of the Work, please contact: [email protected]. Usage Rules: 1. All rights reserved: The Work is 1. the subject of copyright and Bentham Science Publishers either owns the Work (and the copyright in it) or is licensed to distribute the Work. You shall not copy, reproduce, modify, remove, delete, augment, add to, publish, transmit, sell, resell, create derivative works from, or in any way exploit the Work or make the Work available for others to do any of the same, in any form or by any means, in whole or in part, in each case without the prior written permission of Bentham Science Publishers, unless stated otherwise in this License Agreement. 2. You may download a copy of the Work on one occasion to one personal computer (including tablet, laptop, desktop, or other such devices).
    [Show full text]
  • New Branded Power Point Presentation
    Birds, Pigs and Kids, Oh My! Update on Recent Swine Flu, Pertussis and West Nile Virus Outbreaks Roberta L. DeBiasi, MD Acting Chief , Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Children’s National Medical Center Associate Professor of Pediatrics George Washington University School of Medicine 1 Swine Influenza • Influenza strains circulate amongst birds, pigs, humans, and other species • Usually avian and swine strains don’t infect humans • When they do, termed “variant virus” • Current outbreak = variant H3N2 • Genes from avian, swine, and human flu viruses • vH3N2 circulating in swine since 2010 • August – December 2011: 12 human cases • July 2012 - present: 296 human cases 2 Aquatic Mammals Waterfowl Horses and Shorebirds (Ducks, Geese, Swans, Gulls, Terns) Pigs Domestic Poultry Humans Swine Influenza • Pigs can be infected with avian, human and swine strains • The perfect mixing vessel for emergence of a novel strain that could be transmissible human to human: e.g. pandemic 2009 H1N1 • vH3N2 contains the M gene from pandemic 2009 H1N1 strain • M gene encodes matrix proteins in viral shell • Concern that this could potentially confer ability for better human to human transmission 4 Swine Flu • Vast majority of human infections with variant flu viruses do not result in person-to-person spread • vH3N2 contains matrix (M) gene from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus. • M gene may confer ability for greater transmissibility in humans • vH3N2 been detected in pigs since 2010 • August-December 2011: 12 cases in humans – Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Pennsylvania,
    [Show full text]
  • Usual Sodium Intakes Compared with Current Dietary Guidelines — United States, 2005–2008
    Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Weekly / Vol. 60 / No. 41 October 21, 2011 Usual Sodium Intakes Compared with Current Dietary Guidelines — United States, 2005–2008 High sodium intake can increase blood pressure and the risk not recorded (694), and participants who reported being on for heart disease and stroke (1,2). According to the Dietary renal dialysis (39). Among participants aged ≥12 years, 5,508 Guidelines for Americans, 2010 (3), persons in the United States were randomly assigned to a morning examination, fasted for aged ≥2 years should limit daily sodium intake to <2,300 mg. 8–24 hours, and had fasting plasma glucose, glycohemoglobin Subpopulations that would benefit from further reducing (HbA1c), serum creatinine concentration, and urine albumin sodium intake to 1,500 mg daily include 1) persons aged ≥51 and creatinine measured. Excluded were persons with missing years, 2) blacks, and 3) persons with hypertension, diabetes, diabetes data (18) or blood pressure data (898), yielding an or chronic kidney disease (3). To estimate the proportion of analytic sample of 9,468 participants, 4,268 aged 2–11 years the U.S. population for whom the 1,500 mg recommenda- and 5,200 aged ≥12 years. tion applies and to assess the usual sodium intake for those Persons with a recommended daily sodium intake of 1,500 persons, CDC and the National Institutes of Health used mg had at least one of the following characteristics: age ≥51 data for 2005–2008 from the National Health and Nutrition years, non-Hispanic black race, or hypertension, diabetes, or Examination Survey (NHANES).
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf What They Actually Do Is Related to Their Perception of Risk
    Peer-Reviewed Journal Tracking and Analyzing Disease Trends pages 1195–1340 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF D. Peter Drotman Managing Senior Editor EDITORIAL BOARD Polyxeni Potter, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Dennis Alexander, Addlestone Surrey, United Kingdom Senior Associate Editor Barry J. Beaty, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Brian W.J. Mahy, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Ermias Belay, Atlanta, GA, USA Martin J. Blaser, New York, New York, USA Associate Editors Christopher Braden, Atlanta, GA, USA Paul Arguin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Carolyn Bridges, Atlanta, GA, USA Charles Ben Beard, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Arturo Casadevall, New York, New York, USA David Bell, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Kenneth C. Castro, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Corrie Brown, Athens, Georgia, USA Thomas Cleary, Houston, Texas, USA Charles H. Calisher, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Anne DeGroot, Providence, Rhode Island, USA Michel Drancourt, Marseille, France Vincent Deubel, Shanghai, China Paul V. Effl er, Perth, Australia Ed Eitzen, Washington, DC, USA David Freedman, Birmingham, AL, USA Daniel Feikin, Baltimore, MD, USA Peter Gerner-Smidt, Atlanta, GA, USA Kathleen Gensheimer, Cambridge, MA, USA K. Mills McNeill, Kampala, Uganda Duane J. Gubler, Singapore Nina Marano, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Richard L. Guerrant, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA Martin I. Meltzer, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Stephen Hadler, Atlanta, GA, USA David Morens, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Scott Halstead, Arlington, Virginia, USA J. Glenn Morris, Gainesville, Florida, USA David L. Heymann, London, UK Patrice Nordmann, Paris, France Charles King, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Tanja Popovic, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Keith Klugman, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Didier Raoult, Marseille, France Takeshi Kurata, Tokyo, Japan Pierre Rollin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA S.K. Lam, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Dixie E.
    [Show full text]
  • Coordinated Strategy to Accelerate Development of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases
    cover:cover.qxd 10/8/2009 4:35 PM Page 1 Report to Congress Coordinated Strategy to Accelerate Development of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases October 2009 Report to Congress COORDINATED STRATEGY TO ACCELERATE DEVELOPMENT OF VACCINES FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES October 2009 Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................ i Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 1 I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 7 II. Background on Vaccine Development and the Role of the U.S. Government ........................................ 9 III. Current Investments and Activities for the Development of Vaccines ................................................. 11 IV. Initiatives to Create Incentives for the Research, Development and Manufacturing of Vaccines ........ 35 V. Expansion of Public-Private Partnerships and Leveraging Resources from Other Countries and the Private Sector ........................................................................................... 41 VI. Efforts to Maximize United States Capabilities to Support Clinical Trials of Vaccines in Developing Countries and to Address the Challenges of Delivering Vaccines in the Developing Countries ...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Progress on the Prevention and Treatment of Hantavirus Disease
    viruses Review Progress on the Prevention and Treatment of Hantavirus Disease Rebecca L. Brocato and Jay W. Hooper * Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 1 June 2019; Accepted: 29 June 2019; Published: 4 July 2019 Abstract: Hantaviruses, members of the order Bunyavirales, family Hantaviridae, have a world-wide distribution and are responsible for greater than 150,000 cases of disease per year. The spectrum of disease associated with hantavirus infection include hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) also known as hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines or treatments for these hantavirus diseases. This review provides a summary of the status of vaccine and antiviral treatment efforts including those tested in animal models or human clinical trials. Keywords: hantavirus; hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome; hantavirus pulmonary syndrome; vaccine; antiviral 1. Introduction Hantaviruses are the etiological agents responsible for two disease syndromes: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) [1]. Old World hantaviruses, including the prototypic hantavirus Hantaan virus (HTNV), Puumala virus (PUUV), and Dobrava virus (DOBV), found predominantly in Europe and Asia, cause HFRS with a case fatality rate ranging from <1 to 15% depending on the infecting virus [2]. Seoul virus (SEOV), an HFRS-causing hantavirus carried by the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) has a widespread distribution coinciding with transportation of this rodent reservoir worldwide [3]. New World hantaviruses include Andes virus (ANDV) and Sin Nombre virus (SNV), found predominantly in the Americas, and Choclo virus (CHOV) found in Central America, causing HPS with a case fatality rate of up to 40% [4].
    [Show full text]
  • Coronavirus: Disease Briefing 2
    3/23/2020 Disease Briefing: Coronaviruses Contents CONTENTS 1 CORONAVIRUS: DISEASE BRIEFING 2 LATEST HEADLINES 35 SUGGESTED READING 39 GUIDELINES 40 SOURCES 41 1 Coronavirus: Disease Briefing Facts about Coronaviruses Coronaviruses are a group of large, enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the order Nidovirales, family Coronaviridae, subfamily Coronavirinae. More than two dozen different species are known and have been divided into four genera (alpha, beta, gamma and delta) characterized by different antigenic cross-reactivity and genetic makeup. Only the alpha- and betacoronavirus genera include strains pathogenic to humans and other mammals (Paules, C.I. et al (2020); Chen, Y. et al (2020)). The first known coronavirus, the avian infectious bronchitis virus, was isolated in 1937 and was the cause of devastating infections in chicken. The first human coronavirus was isolated from the nasal cavity and propagated on human ciliated embryonic trachea cells in vitro by Tyrrell and Bynoe in 1965. However, coronaviruses have been present in humans for at least 500-800 years, and all originated in bats (Berry, M. et al (2015); Su, S. et al (2016); Yang, Y. et al (2020)). Coronaviruses have long been recognized as important veterinary pathogens, causing respiratory and enteric diseases in mammals as well as in birds. Until 2019, only six coronaviruses were known to cause disease in humans: HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory virus coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (Skariyachan, S. et al (2019); Bonilla-Aldana, D.K. et al (2020)). HCoV- 229E and HCoV-NL63 are alphacoronaviruses; the rest are betacoronaviruses (Yang, Y.
    [Show full text]
  • Vaccines for Hantaviruses Connie Schmaljohn US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, [email protected]
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln US Army Research U.S. Department of Defense 2009 Vaccines for hantaviruses Connie Schmaljohn US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usarmyresearch Schmaljohn, Connie, "Vaccines for hantaviruses" (2009). US Army Research. 290. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usarmyresearch/290 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Defense at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in US Army Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Vaccine 27 (2009) D61–D64 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Vaccine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/vaccine Vaccines for hantaviruses Connie Schmaljohn ∗ United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA article info abstract Article history: Hantaviruses are assigned to categories A and C on the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Received 29 June 2009 (NIAID) Priority Pathogens list and to category C on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Accepted 24 July 2009 Emergency Preparedness and Response list of boterrorism agents/diseases. These rodent-borne viruses are members of the family Bunyaviridae and are transmitted to humans in aerosols of rodent excreta. Keywords: There are more than 20 recognized hantaviruses, some of which are associated with one of two serious Hantavirus human diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or hantavirus pulmonary syndrome Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HPS).
    [Show full text]
  • Turning the Tide Against Epidemic and Pandemic Infectious Diseases 2 3
    1 The urgency of now Turning the tide against epidemic and pandemic infectious diseases 2 3 COVID-19 has killed millions and destroyed the livelihoods of hundreds of millions of people. By the end of 2025, it will have cost the global economy $28 trillion. We can never let this happen againWe have the tools. We know what we need to do. For the first time in history, we can credibly aim to eliminate the risk of epidemics and pandemics. We must invest in the vaccines and biologic countermeasures that we will need, while ensuring that no one is left behind. Our goal is within reach. We need only seize the fierce urgency of now. Contents 5 6 A $3.5 billion plan of action 16 CEPI’s strategic priorities 18 With $3.5 Billion CEPI will… 20 The world needs CEPI more than ever 30 Rising to the challenge of COVID-19 36 No time to lose 40 Appendix 48 References 6 A $3.5 billion plan of action 7 In 2020 the world was brought to its knees by an invisible enemy, COVID-19. Entire economies went into lockdown. Trillions of dollars were wiped from global markets, hundreds of millions of jobs lost, decades of development gains swept away. By early 2021, more than a hundred million people had been infected and more than two million had died. The ripple effects of this devastating pandemic will be felt for generations. It is vital that we capitalise on the rare alignment of political will, practical experience, and technical and scientific progress emerging from the pandemic to prevent such devastation happening again.
    [Show full text]