<<

States, Point, Point, and

Solid Defining States of

● States of matter are defined by whether they hold SHAPE and

Element (Au) Compound (NaCl) (Milk, , etc)

ALL KEEP THE SAME SHAPE AND VOLUME = View of a

in a solid are PACKED CLOSELY together and they are in a FIXED POSITION.

Particles vibrate in place

● Liquids – has definite VOLUME but no defined SHAPE

100 ml Particle View of a Liquid

● Packed CLOSELY (like a solid), but move FREELY around each other (must stay in contact).

● Gases - do NOT have definite SHAPE or VOLUME.

Bromine gas fills up the entire volume of the container. Particle view of a Gas

● Particles can MOVE FREELY and will either fill up or squeeze into available space. Task

● Draw a diagram of

● A) Gas particles

● B) Liquid particles

● C) Solid particles Changes in States of Matter

● Thermal Energy – energy.

● More thermal energy = More particle movement Changing States

Increase Thermal Energy (Heat up)

point Solid Liquid Gas Melting Melting

Decrease Thermal Energy (Cool off)

● Melting - change from solid to liquid ● Melting point - SPECIFIC when melting occurs. ● Each pure substance has a SPECIFIC melting point. ● Examples: ● M.P. of = 0°C (32°F) ● M.P. of = -209.9 °C (-345.81998 °F) ● M.P. of = 961.93 °C (1763.474 °F) ● M.P. of = 3500.0 °C (6332.0 °F) Melting Point

● Particles of a solid vibrate so fast that they break free from their fixed positions.

Increasing Thermal Energy

Solid Liquid

Melting point

● Vaporization – change from liquid to gas

● Vaporization happens when particles in a liquid gain enough energy to form a gas.

Increasing Thermal Energy

Liquid Gas

Boiling point Two Kinds of Vaporization

– vaporization that takes place only on the surface of the liquid

● Boiling – when a liquid changes to a gas BELOW its surface as well as above. Boiling Point

● Boiling Point – temperature at which a liquid boils ● Each pure substance has a SPECIFIC boiling point. ● Examples: ● B.P. of Water = 100°C (212°F) ● B.P. of Nitrogen = -195.79 °C (-320.42 °F) ● B.P. of Silver = 2162 °C (3924 °F) ● B.P. of Carbon = 4027 °C (7281 °F) Boiling Point

Increase Thermal Energy (Heat up)

Solid Liquid Gas

Decrease Thermal Energy (Cool off) Melting & Boiling Point

Melting Boiling Gas turns back into a Point Point liquid at its boiling point because it’s moving in the OTHER DIRECTION.

Metal becomes a liquid just above its Increase Thermal Energy (Heat up) melting point.

Solid Liquid Gas

Decrease Thermal Energy (Cool off) Boiling Point

Increase Thermal Energy (Heat up) ● Particles move the least under melting point (as a solid).

Solid Liquid Gas ● is a . Describe the movement of particles AFTER Decrease Thermal Energy (Cool off) boiling point of Tin. ● The higher the boiling point, the more energy Which one required to boil! requires the most energy to boil? Boiling Point and Melting Point

Boiling point

Melting point Solubility

● Maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a liquid (at a specific temperature).

● Soluble means it will dissolve. Insoluble means it will NOT dissolve.

● Stirring SPEEDS UP the dissolution process because you are increasing the movement and the energy of the particles. The War of Insolubility! Solubility can change…

● Increased Temp = Increased Solubility

● Different substances have different solubility curves NaCl Dissolving in H2O