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Hudební Medailon Zámku Hradec Nad Moravicí Beethoven's Hradec Musical Portrait of Hradec Nad Moravicí Castle

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Hudební Medailon Zámku Hradec Nad Moravicí Beethoven's Hradec Musical Portrait of Hradec Nad Moravicí Castle hudební medailon zámku hradec nad moravicí Beethoven's Hradec musical portrait of hradec nad moravicí castle hudební medailon zámku hradec nad moravicí Beethoven's Hradec © Petr Hanousek, Jakub Hypš, 2014 musical portrait of hradec nad moravicí castle ISBN: 978-80-86887-22-7 obsah / content 6 Předmluva 7 Preface 9 Pohled do historie 13 Look into history 17 Beethoven, Liszt a Lichnovští 21 Beethoven, Liszt and the Lichnowsky family 25 Festival „Beethovenův Hradec“ 33 Festival “Beethoven‘s Hradec” 39 Přehled soutěží / Th e overview of the competitions 62 Vysvětlivky, literatura a prameny / Explanatory, literatura and sources PŘEDMLUVA BEETHOVENŮV HRADEC – HUDEBNÍ MEDAILON ZÁMKU HRADEC NAD MORAVICÍ � PREFACE BEETHOVEN’S HRADEC – MUSICAL PORTRAIT OF HRADEC NAD MORAVICÍ CASTLE předmluva preface ublikace „Beethovenův Hradec“ nabízí stručný pohled do historie a hudebních tradic jednoho z nej- ook “Beethoven’s Hradec” gives a brief overview of the history and musical traditions connected krásnějších zámků v České republice – Hradce nad Moravicí. Představuje významné hudební osob- with one of the most beautiful castles in the Czech Republic – Hradec nad Moravicí. It introduces nosti, jež v první polovině ��. století na pozvání knížecího rodu Lichnovských, kteří zámek využí- important people in music who were invited here by the aristocratic family of Lichnowsky, who used vali jako letní sídlo, přijely a zde nebo v jeho blízkém okolí komponovaly, koncertovaly či se potají the castle as their summer residence, in the fi rst half of the ��th century. Th e famous musicians Pscházely se svými přítelkyněmi. Lichnovští se také rozhodujícím způsobem podíleli na dnešním vzhledu Bspent their time in Hradec nad Moravicí and its surroundings composing, giving concerts, or they secretly met zámeckého areálu. K jejich cti slouží i fakt, že na umění vynakládali nemalé fi nanční prostředky. Současný their girlfriends. Lichnowsky family signifi cantly infl uenced the current appearance of the castle premises. Th e kulturní život zámku citlivě navazuje na jeho hudební tradice. Mezi nimi má od roku ���� stěžejní postavení credit must be given to them for the fact that they supported art with substantial sums of money. Th e current každoročně konaný hudební festival Beethovenův Hradec, jehož součástí je i prestižní mezinárodní interpre- cultural events in the castle follow its musical traditions. “Beethoven’s Hradec”, which has been organized tační soutěž. since ����, has built a strong position among such similar events. One part of the festival is a prestigious international music competition. CZ BEETHOVENŮV HRADEC – HUDEBNÍ MEDAILON ZÁMKU HRADEC NAD MORAVICÍ � BEETHOVEN’S HRADEC – MUSICAL PORTRAIT OF HRADEC NAD MORAVICÍ CASTLE ámecký areál v Hradci nad Moravicí se pro svůj architektonický půvab a přilehlý anglický park řadí k nejromantičtějším místům v České republice. Vypíná se na strmém ostrohu nad soutokem řeky Moravice a potoku Hradečná a tvoří ho empírový Bílý zámek, novogotický Červený zámek a Bílá věž stojící u vstupu do rozlehlého zámeckého parku. pohled ZMísto s pohádkovou atmosférou a neopakovatelným geniem loci bylo podle archeologických výzkumů osídleno již ve �. tisíciletí př. n. l. Trvalé obydlení Slovany se datuje od konce �. století. Strategicky výhodnou polohu využili v polovině ��. století Přemyslovci k vybudování obranného knížecího hradiště, poprvé písemně do historie doloženého r. ����, které mělo za úlohu chránit obchodní cestu z Moravy do Polska. Zároveň zde bylo vybíráno mýto a clo. Po ničivém požáru zde byl v polovině ��. století z příkazu českého krále Přemysla Otakara II. vy- stavěn gotický hrad s důmyslným fortifi kačním systémem. Nepříznivé politické podmínky dohnaly Přemysla Otakara II. roku ���� k památné bitvě na Moravském poli u Suchých Krut (dnes v Rakousku), při které přišel o život. Po této události se hrad stal místem svatby královny vdovy Kunhuty, která zde pobývala v letech ����-��, s představitelem jihočeského šlechtického rodu Závišem z Falkenštejna. V průběhu dalších století se na Hradci měnili majitelé a zástavní držitelé - potomci vedlejší přemyslovské větve Přemek I. Opavský, Mikuláš II. a další, český král Jiří z Poděbrad a jeho syn Viktorin, král Matyáš Korvín a český král Vladislav II. Jagelon- ský, za jehož vlády získala osada ležící u hradu v roce ���� městská privilegia. V roce ���� koupil hrad do dědičného vlastnictví Kašpar Pruskovský z Pruskova. Jeho potomci přistoupili na přelomu ��. a ��. století k přestavbě hradu na pohodlný renesanční zámek, který se rozšířil o reprezenta- tivní obytné prostory, provozní a hospodářský dvůr. Další generace Pruskovských se postarala o přestavbu zámku do barokní podoby. V první polovině ��. století, kdy se během třicetileté války prohnala Evropou vojska římskokatolických a protestantských států, byly zámek i město Hradec několikrát vydrancovány. V roce ���� zakoupil zámek Wolfgang Konrad z Neff zernu, který v roce ���� odprodal panství knížeti Janu Karlu Lichnovskému z Voštic. Lichnovští z Voštic, původně slezský šlechtický rod, setrvali na zámku až do roku ����, kdy jim byl zámek na základě poválečných zákonů zkonfi skován. Ať tomu napomohla náhoda, když v roce ���� zachvátil zámek devastující požár, nebo již dopředu promy- šlený plán Karla Aloise Lichnovského na nutnou opravu zámku, na přelomu ��. a ��. století se pod dohledem krnovského stavitele Jana Mihatsche započalo s velkorysou přestavbou zámku. Byly strženy středověké hradby a věže, přilehlé zahrady a pozemky byly upraveny a zidealizovány do přírodně krajinářského parku, který plně vyhovoval dobovým snahám o změnu vztahu člověka k přírodě. Bílý zámek získal dnešní empírovou podobu, byl obohacen o divadelní sál a hostinské pokoje ve východním křídle, modernizací prošly provozní místnosti POHLED DO HISTORIE BEETHOVENŮV HRADEC – HUDEBNÍ MEDAILON ZÁMKU HRADEC NAD MORAVICÍ �� LOOK INTO HISTORY BEETHOVEN’S HRADEC – MUSICAL PORTRAIT OF HRADEC NAD MORAVICÍ CASTLE a po dokončení roku ���� sloužil jako konírna, kovárna, stáje a kočárovna. V rámci rekonstrukce přibyly i romantizující hradby a vstupní brána. Drobné stavební úpravy probíhaly převážně v interiérech zámku a za- chovávaly historizující charakter stavby. Lichnovští jako podporovatelé umění hostili na zámku významné hudebníky i literáty: Ludwiga van Beethovena, Niccolò Paganiniho, Ference Liszta, dramatika a prozaika Gerharta Hauptmanna, libretistu Hugo von Hofmannsthala a literárního kritika Karla Krause. V roce ���� byli Lichnovští nuceni zámek opustit a ode- šli do zahraničí (Argentina, Brazílie). O čtyři roky později se zámek otevírá veřejnosti. V ��. letech minulého století se přistoupilo k opravě Červeného zámku, jenž byl během �. světové války po- ničen bombardováním. Později v něm zahájila provoz zámecká restaurace a hotel. K významnému rozmachu kulturního života na zámku přispěla úprava bývalé kočárovny na koncertní sál Velká dvorana a jeho následné zpřístupnění. Generální a časově náročná oprava Bílého zámku trvala od roku ���� do roku ����. Po jejím dokončení dnes Bílý zámek nabízí návštěvníkům dva prohlídkové okruhy, jež krásou svých interiérů a bohatstvím zá- meckého mobiliáře ročně přilákají velké množství návštěvníků z domova i ze zahraničí. Celkový pohled na zámecký areál General view of the castle area v jižním křídle. Druhá etapa přestavby zámku ve stylu novogotiky probíhala od roku ����. S přispěním vrati- slavského architekta Karla Lüdeckeho přibyla vstupní hala, tzv. Hubertova světnice, arkádové chodby na nádvo- ří, rohové věže v severovýchodním rohu prvního nádvoří, sakristie a zámecká kaple. Bylo zrušeno divadlo, došlo k architektonickým úpravám zámeckých interiérů. Se stavbou Červeného zámku, jehož název se odvozuje od zdí z režného cihlového zdiva, se započalo roku ����. Vznikal podle návrhů architekta Alexise Langera a později Ernsta Händela z Výmaru (tvůrce Bílé věže) EN BEETHOVENŮV HRADEC – HUDEBNÍ MEDAILON ZÁMKU HRADEC NAD MORAVICÍ �� BEETHOVEN’S HRADEC – MUSICAL PORTRAIT OF HRADEC NAD MORAVICÍ CASTLE hanks to its architectural appeal and surrounding English park, Hradec nad Moravicí Castle is one of the most romantic places in the Czech Republic. Th e castle premises tower at the top of a steep hill over the confl uence of Moravice River and Hradečná Stream and consists of the White Castle built in Empire style, Neo-gothic Red Castle and the White Tower, which stands at the entrance to look into theT vast castle park. Archaeological research showed that the place with a fairy-tale atmosphere and unique genius loci was populated as early as in the �rd millenium BC. Th e permanent settlement of the Slavic dates back to the �th history century. Th e strategic location was used by Přemyslid family in the mid-��th century to build a defensive aristocratic hillfort, fi rstly mentioned in written text in ����, whose role was to protect the merchant road from Moravia to Poland. It was also a collection point for the toll and duty. After a damaging fi re in the mid- ��th century King Ottokar II of Bohemia ordered to build a Gothic castle with ingenious fortifi cation system here. Unfavorable political conditions led King Ottokar II of Bohemia in ���� to the memorable Battle of the Marchfeld near Suche Kruty (now in Austria) where he was killed. After this event the castle witnessed the wedding between Queen-widow Kunigunda of Slavonia, who lived here from ���� to ����, and a member of Southbohemian aristocratic family – Záviš of Falkenstein. Th roughout the following years there was a substantial number of its owners and holders – descendants
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