SOVIET ACTIVE MEASURES 01/21/09, Loj F02-083/1 WHITE

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

SOVIET ACTIVE MEASURES 01/21/09, Loj F02-083/1 WHITE SOVIET ACTIVE MEASURES 01/21/09, loj F02-083/1 WHITE HOUSE STAFF AND OFFICE FILES deGraffenreid, Kenneth: Files Box 91786 Soviet “Active Measures” Working Group Soviet “Active Measures” 04/02/1981-09/21/1981 Soviet “Active Measures” 09/22/1981 Soviet “Active Measures” 09/23/1981-12/31/1981 Soviet “Active Measures” 01/01/1982-01/21/1982 Soviet “Active Measures” 01/22/1982-01/31/1982 Soviet “Active Measures” 02/01/1982-03/16/1982 Soviet “Active Measures” 03/17/1982-04/31/1982 Soviet “Active Measures” 05/01/1982-05/14/1982 Soviet “Active Measures” 05/15/1982-12/31/1982 HPSCI (House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence) Report on Active Measures Published December 1982 DEGRAFFENREID, KENNETH: FILES, 1981-1987 Intelligence Directorate, NSC: Senior Director and Staff Member This collection consists of two series. The series are SERIES I: Subject File and SERIES II: Chronological File. CONTAINER LIST SERIES I: Subject File RAC Box 1 "Active Measures" Working File 01/01/1981-09/30/1981 "Active Measures" Working File 10/01/1981-12/31/1981 "Active Measures" Working File 01/01/1982-04/30/1982 "Active Measures" Working File 05/01/1982-09/15/1982 "Active Measures" Working File 09/16/1982-12/31/1982 "Active Measures" Working File 01/01/1983-06/30/1983 "Active Measures" Working File 07/01/1983-08/31/1983 "Active Measures" Working File 09/01/1983-11/07/1983 "Active Measures" Working File 11/08/1983-12/31/1983 "Active Measures" Working Group 01/01/1984-01/04/1984 "Active Measures" Working Group 01/05/1984-01/31/1984 "Active Measures" Working Group 02/01/1984-02/29/1984 "Active Measures" Working Group 03/01/1984-06/30/1984 "Active Measures" Working Group 07/01/1984-09/30/1984 "Active Measures" Working Group 10/01/1984-12/31/1984 [Active Measures: 1983-1985] [Active Measures:] President's Speech on Soviet Active Measures [Active Measures:] Active Measures Speech [Active Measures: Miscellaneous 1984] Active Measures and INF Active Measures and Nuclear Freeze 07/01/1982-09/30/1982 Active Measures and Nuclear Freeze 10/01/1982-11/11/1982 Active Measures and Nuclear Freeze 11/12/1982-01/25/1983 Active Measures/Peace Movement 1982 Active Measures/Peace Movement 01/13/1983-02/28/1983 Active Measures/Peace Movement 03/01/1983-03/31/1983 Active Measures Working Group 01/01/1986-06/30/1986 Active Measures Working Group 07/01/1986-12/31/1986 Activities I Activities II Philip Agee American Security Council Yuri Andropov 01/01/1980-06/30/1982 Yuri Andropov 07/01/1982-11/24/1982 Yuri Andropov 11/25/1982-12/31/1982 Yuri Andropov 1983-1984 8/2/2017. Bolded folders are available for research use today. No need to FOIA deGraffenreid-2 [Appointment Book-1981: deGraffenreid] [Appointment Book-1981: June Bartlett] [Appointment Book-1982: deGraffenreid I] [Appointment Book-1982: deGraffenreid II] [Appointment Book-1983: deGraffenreid] [Appointment Book-1983: June Bartlett for Ken deGraffenreid] RAC Box 2 [Appointment Book-1984: deGraffenreid I] (1)(2) [Appointment Book-1984: deGraffenreid II] (1)(2) [Appointment Book-1985: deGraffenreid I] (1)(2) [Appointment Book-1985: deGraffenreid II] (1)(2) [Appointment Book-1986: deGraffenreid] (1)(2) [Appointment Book-1986: deGraffenreid (June Bartlett)] (1)(2) [Appointment Book-1987: deGraffenreid (June Bartlett)] [Arms Control, Compliance, Verification] (1)-(6) Arms Control Compliance: GAC Report November 1983 – A Quarter Century of Soviet Compliance under Arms Control Commitments: 1958-1983 Volume I – [Binder] (1)-(4) Arms Control Compliance: GAC Report November 1983 – A Quarter Century of Soviet Compliance under Arms Control Commitments: 1958-1983 Volume II– [Binder] (1)-(3) Attorney General Guidelines for FBI 1978-1979 Attorney General Guidelines for FBI 01/01/1981-06/30/1981 Attorney General Guidelines for FBI 07/01/1981-12/31/1981 Attorney General Guidelines for FBI 1982 Attorney General Guidelines for FBI 01/01/1983-03/31/1983 Attorney General Guidelines for FBI 04/01/1983-12/31/1983 Barbie, Klaus Case Budget 1981 Budget 1982 Budget 01/01/1983-09/30/1983 Budget 10/01/1983-10/31/1983 Budget 11/01/1983-12/31/1983 Budget: Budget Hearings 1985 [Budget 1986] RAC Box 3 Budget FY87: Intelligence Authorization Act Budget FY87: Intelligence Authorization Act: FY87 Intelligence Authorization Bill Budget FY87: Intelligence Authorization Act: FY87 Intelligence Authorization Bill 1982-1985 Budget FY87: Intelligence Authorization Act: FY87 Intelligence Authorization Bill 02/13/1986 Budget FY87: Intelligence Authorization Act: FY87 Intelligence Authorization Bill 02/19/1986 (1)-(3) deGraffenreid-3 Budget FY87: Intelligence Authorization Act: FY87 Intelligence Authorization Bill 02/20/1986-03/06/1986 Budget FY87: Intelligence Authorization Act: H.R. 2419 Enrolled Bill – FY86 Intelligence Authorization Act 05/24/1985-11/14/1985 Budget FY87: Intelligence Authorization Act: H.R. 2419 Enrolled Bill – FY86 Intelligence Authorization Act 11/15/1985 Budget FY87: Intelligence Authorization Act: H.R. 2419 Enrolled Bill – FY86 Intelligence Authorization Act 11/16/1985-12/31/1985 Budget FY87: Intelligence Authorization Act: KD to JMP – Prof Note Intelligence Authorization Bill 03/17/1986 Action: Review for Comments Draft FY88 Intelligence Authorization Bill [FY88 Congressional Budget Justification Volume X DOJ: FBI] (1)-(3) [FY88 Congressional Budget Justification Volume X DOJ: FBI] (Copies for Ermath) [FY88 Congressional Budget Justification Volume X DOJ: FBI] (Copies for Kelly and Sorzono) [FY88 Congressional Budget Justification Volume X DOJ: FBI] (Copies for Cohen) Intelligence Budget Summaries Canada and the Orlikow Case August 1985 Collection: FBI Reports – Soviet Correspondents Case 10/20/1983-10/21/1983 Case 11/16/1983-04/30/1986 TOR and Outline – DCI Study of Intelligence Community CI Analytical Efforts [Congressional Briefing re Unauthorized Disclosures] CONTRA [Correspondence, Incoming on Presentations/Remarks] 1982-1984 [Correspondence, Incoming on Presentations/Remarks] 1985 [Correspondence, Incoming on Presentations/Remarks] 1986 [Correspondence, Outgoing] 1984-1986 Counterintelligence Accomplishments Counterintelligence (empty) CI-Larry Wu-Tai Chin Counterintelligence – Cyprus [Counterintelligence]: Espionage Reports CI Report (Meeting with Admiral Poindexter 10/03/1983) CI Report (Meeting with Admiral Poindexter 10/03/1983): [Optimizing Counterintelligence Activities] CI Report (Meeting with Admiral Poindexter 10/03/1983): [Optimizing Counterintelligence Activities – Copy #1] CI Report (Meeting with Admiral Poindexter 10/03/1983): [Optimizing Counterintelligence Activities – Copy #2] [Counterintelligence, 1978-1980] (1)-(3) CI – Harper (empty) Counterintelligence - I [Counterintelligence] Kampiles Espionage Case 1978 Counterintelligence – Koecher (empty) Counterintelligence – Kostadinov deGraffenreid-4 Counterintelligence – L (I) 12/01/1981-12/15/1981 Counterintelligence – L (I) 12/16/1981-02/02/1982 Counterintelligence – L (II) CI – MDCI Assessments: Minutes form 10/02/1964 PFIAB Meeting CI – MDCI Assessments: Baseline Report 01/05/1978 (1)(2) CI – MDCI Assessments: Executive Summary to Baseline Report 05/01/1978 CI – MDCI Assessments: Issue Appendix to Baseline Report 05/01/1978 CI – MDCI Assessments 01/12/1979 CI – MDCI Assessments: Journal, December 1979 CI – MDCI Assessments: Journal, December 1980 CI – MDCI Assessments: [A National Assessment – Summary: January 1981] CI – MDCI Assessments: [A National Assessment – Basic Report – January 1981, Copy 001] CI – MDCI Assessments: [A National Assessment – Basic Report – January 1981, Copy 003] CI – MDCI Assessments: March 1982 CI – MDCI Assessments: [Capabilities against the Threat 1983-1988, Copy 017] CI – MDCI Assessments: [Capabilities against the Hostile Intelligence Threat 1983-1988, Copy 19] CI – MDCI Assessments: [Capabilities against the Threat 1983-1988, Copy 022, July 1982] CI – MDCI Assessments: 07/15/1982 CI – MDCI Assessments: [A National Assessment for the NSC 12/1983, Copy 003] CI – MDCI Assessments: [A National Assessment for the NSC 12/1983, Copy 010] CI – MDCI Assessments: [A National Assessment for the NSC 12/1983, Copy 012] CI – MDCI Assessments: [A National Assessment for the NSC 12/1983, Copy 013] CI – MDCI Assessments: January 1984 CI – MDCI Assessments: 05/17/1984 CI– Samuel Morison (empty) CI –N [CI – Criminal Complaint-Ronald W. Pelton] CI – P 1982 CI – P 1983 CI – P 1985 Counterintelligence – P CI – Jonathan Pollard (espionage case) CI – Remedies CI – S (I) RAC Box 4 CI – Soviet Knowledge of US NTM Systems CI – Spy Swap: June 1985 [CI:] System II 90636 Press Guidance on Prisoner Exchange [CI – Your Query] CI – Tiedge (West Germany) CI – Treholt-Press Clips (empty) deGraffenreid-5 CI – Yurchenko CI – Yurchenko: NSDD 199 PFIAB Review – Yurchenko Defection and Related Espionage Cases CI – Yurchenko: Press Statements – Yurchenko November 1985 CI – Yurchenko: [Press Clips 11/5/1985-11/11/1985] CI– Yurchenko: Yurchenko Press Conference – Moscow 11/14/1985 Counterterrorism – Subject: Buckley Kidnapping Counterterrorism 1986 Deception 1983 Deception July 1985 Deception December 1985 [Deception] [Binder] (1)( 2) DOD Project (Horton Study) 1986 DOD Project (Horton Study) 1987 DOD Project (Horton Study): [JCS Command and Control Study] DCI Annual Report to Congress 1985 [Joint IC/DOD Electronic Information Security Steering Group Meeting 06/27/1983] (Binder) (1)(2) [Espionage Case] I Espionage Case II Talking Points – Cabinet Meeting Robert C. McFarlane-Espionage and Security 07/01/1985 FBI FBI: FBI-Defectors FBI: FBI Espionage Arrests FBI: FBI Thank
Recommended publications
  • NRO Mission Ground Station Declassification "Questions and Answers"
    , On Octcbor 15, 2008, 1'I!X'r Becames UNCP'SSII'IED • National Reconnaissance Office Mission Ground Station Declassification "Questions and Ansvers" Question 1: (U) Why has the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO ) decided now to acknowledge locations of mission ground stations? Answar 1: (U) Mr. Scott Large, NRO Director, in consultation with the DNI, made the decision to declassify the locations of our mission ground stations as a strategic move in keeping with our need to provide on-demand surveillance for real-time engagement by policy and military decision makers. The intent is to ensure that the NRO can fully support the new technical and policy initiatives developed across the Department of Defense (000) and the Intelligence Community (IC). (U) The NRO has taken great strides this year to transform the organization so that it is best aligned to improve acquisitions and deliver improved intelligence data access, content, and timeliness. Question 2: (U) What is Being Declassified? (S//REL) Acknowledgement of NRO domestic Mission Ground Stations (MGSs) and overseas NRO presence begins on 15 October 2008. (S//'l'K//REL) What has been declassified is the "fact of" the NRO operating MGSs at the following locations: a. Aerospace Data Facility (ADF)--Colorado (ADF-C), located on Buckley Air Force Base, Colorado • On October 15, 2008, TEXT Becomes UNCLASSIFIED • • On October 15, 2008, TEX't Becames UNCI·aSSJ:I'J:BD b. ADF-East (ADF-E ), located on Fort Belvoir, Virginia c. ADF-Southwest (ADF-SW), located at White Sands, New Mexico (SI/~R/fREL ) Also declassified is the -fact of U the NRO having a presence at: a.
    [Show full text]
  • Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J
    STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 11 Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is National Defense University’s (NDU’s) dedicated research arm. INSS includes the Center for Strategic Research, Center for Complex Operations, Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, Center for Technology and National Security Policy, Center for Transatlantic Security Studies, and Conflict Records Research Center. The military and civilian analysts and staff who comprise INSS and its subcomponents execute their mission by conducting research and analysis, publishing, and participating in conferences, policy support, and outreach. The mission of INSS is to conduct strategic studies for the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Unified Combatant Commands in support of the academic programs at NDU and to perform outreach to other U.S. Government agencies and the broader national security community. Cover: Kathleen Bailey presents evidence of forgeries to the press corps. Credit: The Washington Times Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference By Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 11 Series Editor: Nicholas Rostow National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. June 2012 Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government.
    [Show full text]
  • INDEPENDENT and PEACEFUL AUSTRALIA NETWORK (IPAN) Oct 2016
    Quaker Peace & Legislation Committee WATCHING BRIEF WB 16-8: INDEPENDENT AND PEACEFUL AUSTRALIA NETWORK (IPAN) Oct 2016 As Quakers we seek a world without war. We seek a sustainable and just community. We have a vision of an Australia that upholds human rights and builds peace internationally, with particular focus on our region. In our approach to government we will promote the importance of dialogue, of listening and of seeking that of God in every person. We aim to work for justice and to take away the occasion for war. This Brief provides a summary of IPAN’s aims and activities. Quakers are affiliated to IPAN through QPLC. Recently IPAN held its annual meeting in Alice Springs NT in conjunction with a protest gathering at Pine Gap Base to mark its 50th anniversary. Background IPAN has emerged from the wider peace movement and, according to its website – www.ipan.org.au – is “a network of organisations from all regions of Australia who are united by our support for an independent Australian foreign policy based on peaceful resolution of conflict”. At its first AGM, held in July 2015 and attended by 40 groups, a Brisbane Declaration affirmed: Australia urgently needs an independent foreign policy that de-escalates regional tensions. Australia’s alliance with the USA should be re-assessed in view of US adventurism and drawing Australia into its strategic plans. The US ‘pivot’ to Asia/Pacific increases the likelihood of war. The Australian Government unfettered level of military spending is to be deplored. We will build links with peace movements in our region.
    [Show full text]
  • Stan Deyo – the Cosmic Conspiracy
    Recruited by the Illuminati, Stan Deyo was taken secretly to Australia in 1971 to design "flying saucer" propulsion systems with them. Deyo reveals years later why "they" keep the alien/UFO agenda from the public. Many have investigated this huge conspiracy from the outside looking in - BUT, only one has come forward from an insider's perspective. Stan Deyo's The Cosmic Conspiracy is his testimony to you who would know the truth.... Table of Contents Proclaimer..................................................................................................................................................5 Section I - Preface.................................................................................................................................7 Prelude to Action........................................................................................................................................7 Section I - Chapter 1............................................................................................................................11 Sightings and Suspicions..........................................................................................................................11 THE AUSTRALIAN INCIDENT.......................................................................................................11 THE TIME SLIP.................................................................................................................................12 THE IRANIAN INCIDENT...............................................................................................................13
    [Show full text]
  • Active Measures: the Secret History of Disinformation & Political
    Active Measures: The Secret History of Disinformation & Political Warfare | Thomas Rid Philosophers have only interpreted the world. The point, May 25th, 2020 however, is to change it. — Karl Marx INTRODUCTION Thomas Rid is Professor of Strategic Studies at Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies. Rid’s latest book, Active Measures, a startling history of disinformation, was published in late April 2020 with Farrar, Straus and Giroux (also in Russian, Japanese, Polish). His most recent book, Rise of the Machines (2016), tells the sweeping story of how cybernetics, a late- 1940s theory of machines, came to incite anarchy and war (also in Chinese, Russian, German, Japanese, Turkish). His 2015 article “Attributing Cyber Attacks” was designed to explain, guide, and improve the identification of network breaches (Journal of Strategic Studies 2015). In 2013 he published the widely-read book Cyber War Will Not Take Place. Rid’s Ph.D. thesis, “War and Media Operations: The US Military and the Press from Vietnam to Iraq,” was the first academic analysis of the role of embedded media in the 2003 Iraq War, providing a concise history of US military public affairs management since Vietnam. Rid testified on information security in front of the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence as well as in the German Bundestag and the UK Parliament. From 2011 to 2016, Rid was a professor in the Department of War Studies at King’s College London. Between 2003 and 2010, he worked at major think tanks in Berlin, Paris, Jerusalem, and Washington, DC. Rid holds a PhD from Humboldt University in Berlin.
    [Show full text]
  • Soviet Active Measures an Update Jul 1982.P65
    Special Report No. 101 Soviet Active Measures: An Update July 1982 United States Department of State Bureau of Public Affairs Washington, D.C. This report describes Soviet active Forgeries After an initial mailing to Spanish measures which have come to light since journalists failed to obtain publication, the the publication of Special Report No. 88, Forgeries are a frequently used active forgery was circulated on November 11 to Soviet Active Measures: Forgery, measures technique. Several have come to all delegations (except the U.S and Spanish) Disinformation, Political Operations, in light in recent months. Their appearance has to the Conference of Security and Coopera- October 1981. been timed to influence Western opinion on tion in Europe (CSCE), then meeting in current sensitive issues. As far as we are Madrid. This time several Madrid newspa- The Soviet Union uses the term active aware, only one of these recent forgeries pers ran stories that exposed the letter as a measures (aktivnyye meropriyatiya) to achieved uncritical publication. fabrication probably of Soviet origin. cover a broad range of activities designed to Forgeries are usually sent through the promote Soviet foreign policy goals, mail to journalists, officials, or other persons The Clark-Stearns Letter. In January including undercutting opponents of the who might make them available to the 1982, a forged letter and an accompanying U.S.S.R. Active measures include media. Forgeries normally do not carry a research analysis dated September 23, 1981, disinformation, manipulating the media in return address, nor is the sender identified in from Judge William Clark, then Deputy foreign countries, the use of Communist a way that can be checked.
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Operations at Pine Gap
    The Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability Management of Operations at Pine Gap Desmond Ball, Bill Robinson and Richard Tanter Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability Special Report 24 November 2015 Summary The management of operations at the Pine Gap facility has become increasingly complex as the functions of the station have expanded, the number of agencies involved has grown, and the demands of a wider range of ‘users’ or ‘customers’ for the provision of ‘actionable intelligence’ in near real-time have increased markedly. Operations at Pine Gap are now completely integrated, in terms of American and Australian, civilian and military, and contractor personnel working together in the Operations Room; the organisational structure for managing operations, which embodies concerted collaboration of multiple US agencies, including the National Reconnaissance Office, Central Intelligence Agency, National Security Agency, Service Cryptologic Agencies and the National Geospatial- Intelligence Agency (NGA); and functionally with respect to signals intelligence (SIGINT) collected by the geosynchronous SIGINT satellites controlled by Pine Gap, communications intelligence collected by foreign satellite/communications satellite (FORNSAT/COMSAT) interception systems at Pine Gap, and imagery and geospatial intelligence produced by the NGA, as well as missile launch detection and tracking data. Conceptualising the extraordinary growth and expansion of operations at Pine Gap is not easy – by the nature of the facility. Externally, it is evident in the increase in size of the two main operations buildings within the high security compound – areas quite distinct from the separate part of the facility that deals with administration matters. The total area of floor space in the Operations Buildings has increased five-fold since 1970 to more than 20,000 m2.
    [Show full text]
  • Uk-Menwith-Hill-Lifting-The-Lid.Pdf
    Lifting the lid on Menwith Hill... The Strategic Roles & Economic Impact of the US Spy Base in Yorkshire A Yorkshire CND Report 2012 About this report... Anyone travelling along the A59 to Skipton demonstrations, court actions and parliamentary cannot fail to notice the collection of large white work. Similar issues have been taken up by spheres spread over many acres of otherwise various members of the UK and European green fields just outside Harrogate. Some may Parliaments but calls for further action have know that these ‘golfballs’, as they are often been smothered by statements about concerns called, contain satellite receiving dishes, but few for security and the importance of counter will know much more than that. In fact, it’s terrorism. extremely difficult to find out very much more because this place – RAF Menwith Hill – is the However, it is not the purpose of this report to largest secret intelligence gathering system write a history of the protest movement around outside of the US and it is run, not by the RAF the base. The object was originally to investigate (as its name would suggest) but by the National the claims made by the US and UK govern- Security Agency of America. ments of the huge financial benefits (rising to over £160 million in 2010) that the base brings Such places always attract theories about what to the local and wider communities. In doing so, they are involved in and Menwith Hill is no it was necessary to develop a clearer under- exception – but over the years it has also been standing of what the base does, how it operates the subject of careful investigation and analysis and how much national and local individuals, by a number of individuals and groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Disinformation in the Reagan Years and Lessons For
    CONTENTS Introduction 1 Disinformation in Perspective 2 Declassified: The Reagan Years 3 What’s Old is New Again 7 About the Author 8 America is an enemy; and second, that Russia is a “besieged fortress, surrounded by enemies.”3 At least partially, Russian eforts to undermine the United States and the West in general are a predictable consequence of those narratives. With respect to the 2016 election, using disinformation as a primary means to sow derision has clear benefits for Russia in that it is efective and remarkably low cost.4 And, perhaps more importantly, modern Russia does not need to develop a new strategy for this kind of attack, as its Soviet predecessors left a well-developed playbook from which to borrow many methods and objectives. R STREET POLICY STUDY NO. 164 February 2019 Using these low-cost disinformation campaigns to divide America, undermine the West and undercut the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) efectively serves the greater purpose of increasing Russia’s power relative to the West. Russian President Vladimir Putin and his circle are making use of the underlying nature of democracy to turn DISINFORMATION IN THE REAGAN these objectives into reality. For example, people within YEARS AND LESSONS FOR TODAY1 democracies ultimately decide what happens in their soci- eties, including the future of foreign and military policy.5 By Megan Reiss Accordingly, if it can successfully divide the people or per- suade them to push for what are, in fact, Russian policy pref- INTRODUCTION erences, Russia may be able to gain power while weakening elatively speaking, after the end of the Cold War, the the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Soviet Bloc Intelligence and Its AIDS Disinformation Campaign
    Operation INFEKTION Soviet Bloc Intelligence and Its AIDS Disinformation Campaign Thomas Boghardt The practice of intelligence dif- weaken the USSR’s opponents— fered considerably between East first and foremost the “main and West during the Cold War. enemy” (glavny protivnik), the Western intelligence services were United States—and to create a most commonly tasked with gath- favorable environment for ering information, but their advancing Moscow’s views and Soviet bloc counterparts placed international objectives much greater emphasis on decep- worldwide. Our friends in Moscow tion operations to influence “ opinions or actions of individu- This is the story of one such mea- call it ‘dezinformatsiya.’ als and governments. 2 sure—a campaign to implicate Our enemies in America the United States in the emer- call it ‘active measures,’ These “active measures” (aktiv- gence of the AIDS pandemic that and I, dear friends, call it inyye meropriatia, as the Soviets appeared in the early 1980s. The ‘my favorite pastime.’ called them) included manipula- story both illustrates the nature of tion and media control, written Soviet and communist bloc disin- and oral disinformation, use of formation programs and foreign communist parties and demonstrates the potential long- front organizations, clandestine term consequences. —Col.” Rolf Wagenbreth, radio broadcasting, manipula- director of Department X (dis- tion of the economy, kidnappings, Editor’s Note: This article was the information) of East German paramilitary operations, and sup- recipient of an Annual Studies in foreign intelligence1 port of guerrilla groups and Intelligence Award in 2009. The terrorist organizations. Under references to end notes seen in Joseph Stalin, active measures this text are included only in the also included political article’s .PDF versions posted in assassinations.
    [Show full text]
  • Formative Battles: Megan Ward Shannon Pierson Cold War Disinformation and Jessica Beyer Campaigns and Mitigation Strategies
    Science Technology Innovation Program Authors Formative Battles: Megan Ward Shannon Pierson Cold War Disinformation and Jessica Beyer Campaigns and Mitigation Strategies August 2019 Formative Battles: Cold War Disinformation Campaigns and Mitigation Strategies During the Cold War, the U.S. and the Soviet Union refined covert methods of political intervention and conflict, making use of proxy wars, election interference, and disinformation campaigns to advance their respective interests. Work such as Dov H. Levin’s research tracking election interference (2016) illustrates that both superpowers used disinformation as a core tactic throughout the Cold War and the subsequent decade. Throughout the Cold War, the U.S. and USSR competed in an arms race of fictions, attempting to cultivate ideological support internationally and domestically. In response, presented with sophisticated and widespread Soviet disinformation, the U.S. created a then- groundbreaking interagency organization called the Active Measures Working Group (AMWG). The AMWG operated using a “Report-Analyze-Publicize” strategy that prioritized overt disinformation and successfully challenged Soviet active measures in the 1980s (Bailey, 1998). At the international level, both the Non-Aligned Movement, with its focus on non-intervention in the internal affairs of other countries, and the United Nations’ General Assembly more generally attempted to address the issue. Some have posited Cold War mitigation strategies could be used to combat the newest itineration of harmful propaganda and disinformation (Cull, et al, 2017; Neal, 2019; Selga & Rasmussen, 2017; Deeks, McCubbin, & Poplin, 2017), but while Cold War disinformation mitigation tactics may provide aspirational frameworks for modern efforts, they are largely inapplicable in a modern disinformation battlefield.
    [Show full text]
  • Permanent Friends? Historical Reflections on the Australian
    Lowy Institute Paper 08 permanent friends? HISTORICAL REFLECTIONS ON THE AUSTRALIAN–AMERICAN ALLIANCE Peter Edwards Lowy Institute Paper 08 permanent friends? HISTORICAL REFLECTIONS ON THE AUSTRALIAN–AMERICAN ALLIANCE Peter Edwards First published for Lowy Institute for International Policy 2005 PO Box 102 Double Bay New South Wales 2028 Australia www.longmedia.com.au [email protected] Tel. (+61 2) 8338 0050 Copyright © Lowy Institute for International Policy 2005 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (including but not limited to electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or recording), without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Cover and text design by Shane Grantham Printed and bound in Australia Typeset in Esprit Book 10 National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication data Edwards, P. G. (Peter Geoffrey), 1945- . Permanent friends? : historical refl ections on the Australian-American alliance. Bibliography. ISBN 1 921004 18 5. 1. Australia. Treaties, etc., 1951 Sept. 1. 2. National security - Australia. 3. Australia - Relations – United States. 4. United States - Relations - Australia. I. Title. (Series : Lowy Institute paper ; no. 8). 327.94073 Executive summary Peter Edwards AM is a consultant historian and writer, This Lowy Institute Paper addresses the past, present and future of the who has published on Australian defence and foreign Australian–American alliance. It reviews the history of the alliance, policies, particularly Australian–American relations, and of earlier attempts to establish a strong strategic relationship, over for more than thirty years.
    [Show full text]