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Ogorman Tesis TOMO I Final 22-1-2013 O'Gorman-Plesiosaurios del Cretácico Superior de Patagonia y La Península Antártica 0 O'Gorman-Plesiosaurios del Cretácico Superior de Patagonia y La Península Antártica Dedicatoria y agradecimientos Primeramente deseo agradecer a mis padres por haberme apoyado en cada etapa de mi vida y particularmente en la elección de mi carrera. Asimismo agradezco al resto de mi familia por el interés mostrado en el desarrollo de esta Tesis. Además deseo agradecer a mi novia Vanesa Sanz por haberme apoyado y sabido comprender mis ausencias durante los últimos años del desarrollo de este proyecto. También deseo agradecer a mi directora, Dra. Zulma Brandoni de Gasparini y a mi co-director, Dr. Leonardo Salgado, por la lectura crítica de las sucesivas versiones de esta Tesis, por los consejos dados y el apoyo incondicional durante estos cinco años. Del mismo modo agradezco a la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo y especialmente a la Secretaría de Postgrado, a CONICET, al Instituto Antártico Argentino y a la Agencia de Promoción Científica y Técnica, por brindar el marco institucional y financiamiento necesarios para la realización de este trabajo. Deseo también expresar mi agradecimiento a todos mis compañeros de carrera, especialmente a Alejandro Dajil, Sidzel Koefoed, Eliana Coturel y a aquellos que además de ser mis compañeros de carrera colaboraron en la preparación de parte de los materiales estudiados: Egly Pérez Pincheira, Nahuel Muñoz y Nadia Moschen. Asimismo deseo agradecer a todos aquellos que me acompañaron de muchas maneras durante este trabajo de doctorado: Yanina Herrera, Ana Paula Carignano, Néstor Toledo, Javier Echevarria, Daniel Cabrera, Federico Degrange, Luciana Iriart, Mariano Arregui, Paula Arregui, Soledad Gouric, Guillermo Cassini. Del mismo modo deseo reconocer la presencia constante miembros de la División Paleontología Vertebrados del Museo de La Plata durante estos años: Dras. Marta Fernández, Paula Bona, Carolina Vieytes. Del mismo modo deseo agradecer a otros miembros de la misma división que han colaborado en diversas instancias del desarrollo de este trabajo: Dr. Eduardo Tonni, por brindar el lugar de trabajo; Dra. Cecilia Deschamps la revisión de los textos en idioma inglés; Dra. Vucetich, por su aporte de bibliografía, a los Dres. A. Cione, Francisco Goin, Guillermo López y Javier Gelfo y Dra. Carolina Acosta Hospitaleche, por su apoyo constante. Asimismo quisiera agradecer a Leonel Acosta Burllaile; Juan José Moly y Javier Posick por el apoyo técnico en la preparación de algunos de los materiales fósiles descriptos en esta tesis. Del mismo modo deseo agradecer a Laura Zampati, Bruno Pianzola y Manuel Sosa por los trabajos de edición, fotografía y dibujo científico. También deseo agradecer al Instituto Antártico Argentino por el apoyo logístico durante las campañas antárticas en las que se colectaron gran parte de los materiales 1 O'Gorman-Plesiosaurios del Cretácico Superior de Patagonia y La Península Antártica descriptos en esta tesis. Asimismo deseo agradecer a los Dres. Sergio Santillana; Sergio Marenssi; Eduardo Olivero; Daniel Martinioni, Rodolfo. A. del Valle y el Lic. Francisco Mussel y el señor Horacio Tassone por la colecta de ejemplares y el apoyo brindado durante su estudio. Del mismo modo agradezco a todas las personas que han participado en las campañas antárticas dedicadas particularmente a la realización de las colecciones, además de los ya mencionados agradezco particularmente al Dr. Macelo Reguero, Sr. Juan José Moli, Dres Andrea Concheyro, Rodolfo Coria, Ariana Paulina-Carabajal, Ignacio Cerda, James Martin, Judd Case, William Zinsmeister, Ari Iglesias. Además deseo agradecer a la dotación de la Base Marambio (2012-2013) por la agradable recibida e interés en este trabajo realizado. Del mismo modo agradezco toda la colaboración recibida en las campañas realizadas en Patagonia en estos cinco Años al Dr. Javier Gelfo, Augusto Varela. Thomas, Martin, J. Cuitiño, G. Pedersen, A. Barrueco, M. Giacobelli, Laura. Chornogubsky y las Lics Simone. Hoffmann y Julia Schultz (2009, Santa Cruz); Sr. Daniel Cabaza, Dr. Rodolfo García, Dra. Mariela Fernández (2009/2010/2011, Río Negro); Dras Ana Parras, Juliana Sterli, Lic. Julio Varela y Sres. Pablo Puerta y Bruno Rosso (Campaña 2011/2012, Chubut). Además deseo expresar mi especial agradecimiento a Héctor “Tito” Cabaza –ex director Museo de Lamarque, a Daniel Cabaza y Liliana López, a los a habitantes de área del Salitral de Santa Rosa y Trapalcó, especialmente a Liliana Berthe y A. Santos, a todos los colaboradores del Museo de Lamarque: Blanca Bianchini, Lucas Zuain, Maximiliano Macedo-, Egly Perez Pincheira- Marisa Villablanca, Juan Cifuentes, Marcelo García, Daniel Van Der Plos, Fredy Frantzen, Ariel Ríos, Juan Arias Tuly, Nicolás Alarcón, Rubén Poles, Rubén Guerrero, Alberto Mendoza, Jorge Duran, Ariel Pérez, Javier Islas, a la Municipalidad de Lamarque y Por último a la comunidad de Lamarque por su aprobación al proyecto “Un Museo para nuestra Localidad” Agradezco también a los curadores de las colecciones revisadas: Marcelo Reguero y Diego Verzi (Museo de La Plata); Dr. Alejandro Kramarz (Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”); Sr. Eduardo Ruigómez (Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio); Sr. Daniel Cabaza (Museo Municipal de Lamarque); Dr. Adan Tauber (Museo de Río Gallegos); Dr. David Rubilar-Rogers (Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile). Asimismo agradezco particularmente a la comunidad Paleontológica de Chile por toda la colaboración brindada especialmente a los Dres David Rubilar-Rogers, Alfonso Rubilar y Marcelo Leppe y los Sres Rodrigo Otero, Sergio Soto-Acuña, Roberto Yuri-Yáñez y Mario Suárez. Del mismo modo agradezco a todos los colegas de diversos países que han colaborado con este trabajo: Dra. 2 O'Gorman-Plesiosaurios del Cretácico Superior de Patagonia y La Península Antártica Nathalie Bardet (Département Histoire de la Terre, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle), Dr. Patrick S. Druckenmiller (University of Alaska), Dr. Norton Hiller (University of Canterbury), Dr. R. Ewan Fordyce (University of Otago), Dr. James Martin (Museum of Geology, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology), Dr. Robin O'Keefe (College of Science, Marshall University). Asimismo deseo agradecer a los jurados de esta Tesis: Marta Fernández; Rodolfo Coria y Julia Desojo por los valiosos comentarios que han permitido mejorar este trabajo. Del mismo modo deseo agradecer el trabajo del Departamento de Postgrado de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo que ha hecho posible la realización de esta Tesis. Por último deseo agradecer a todos aquellos que, aunque no mencionados explícitamente, han colaborado de muchas maneras a lo largo de estos cinco años. 3 O'Gorman-Plesiosaurios del Cretácico Superior de Patagonia y La Península Antártica ÍNDICE TOMO I y II TOMO I Resumen........................................................................................................................9 Abstract.........................................................................................................................15 1 INTRODUCCIÓN.....................................................................................................21 1.1 Introduccion a los Sauropterygia………………………………...…………...…….…..22 1.2 Caracterización del clado Plesiosauria ……………………….. ……………………..23 1.3 Antecedentes del estudio del clado Plesiosauria.…………………………………….25 1.3.1 Generalidades ...................................................................................................25 1.3.2 América del Sur .................................................................................................30 1.3.3 Península Antártica............................................................................................33 1.4 Antecedentes de la sistemática del clado Plesiosauria ......................................... 34 1.4.1 Siglo XIX............................................................................................................34 1.4.2 Segunda mitad del siglo XX -siglo XXI ...............................................................36 1.5 Paleobiología ........................................................................................................38 1.6 Características del registro ...................................................................................40 2 OBJETIVOS ............................................................................................................41 2.1 Generales .............................................................................................................42 2.2 Particulares...........................................................................................................42 2.3 Hipótesis...............................................................................................................42 2.3.1 Sistemáticas ......................................................................................................42 2.3.2 Paleobiológicas..................................................................................................43 2.3.3 Paleobiogeográficas ..........................................................................................43 3 MARCO GEOGRÁFICO, ESTRATIGRÁFICO Y PALEOAMBIENTAL DE LOS MATERIALES ESTUDIADOS ....................................................................................45 3.1 Introducción ..........................................................................................................45 3.2 Cuenca Austral
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