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Petite Et Grande Histoire Des Centres Sociaux "Pour Espérer, Pour Aller De L’Avant, Il Faut Aussi Savoir D’Où L’On Vient"

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Petite Et Grande Histoire Des Centres Sociaux Petite et grande histoire des centres sociaux "Pour espérer, pour aller de l’avant, il faut aussi savoir d’où l’on vient". Fernand BRAUDEL, historien Révolution industrielle Exode rural développement misère : pas de logement, salaire bas Développement dans les pays industrialisés : Europe, EU du christianisme humaniste Les principes du « settlement movement » anglais • L'objectif du mouvement était de réunir les riches et les pauvres pour vivre plus étroitement ensemble dans une communauté solidaire au sein de la société. • Le principal but était la création de «maisons d'accueil» dans les zones urbaines pauvres des grandes villes, dans lesquelles des bénévoles "issus des classes moyennes et aisées" vivraient, dans l'espoir de partager les connaissances et la culture, et d'atténuer la pauvreté de leurs voisins à faibles revenus 1884 TOYNBEE HALL (Londres-GB) Premier centre social Né du « Setlement movement » Samuel et Henrietta BARNETT Vicaire de l’Eglise d’Angleterre Apprendre les uns des autres dans un face-à-face constructif. 1889 HULL HOUSE (Chicago- USA) Trois femmes d’exception ! Jane ADAMS, philosophe, Ellen GATES Mary CROZET SMITH (à droite) sociologue, pacifiste engagée STARR, co- Résidente et donatrice Prix Nobel de la Paix 1931 fondatrice de Hull Créatrice de la maison des House adolescents et de l’école des arts Le settlement façon Jane ADAMS • Résidence, Recherche, Réforme. • « la collaboration avec les habitants du quartier, la mise en place d'une étude sérieuse et poussée sur les causes de la pauvreté et de la dépendance, la communication des faits au public, et des débats sur la réforme législative et sociale ». En France…invention de l’action sociale • 1853 :les comités de patronage • 1872 : Œuvre de la Chaussée du Maine (paris 15ème) : aide aux épouses de communards exécutés ou au bagne – à l’origine de l’Union des familles • 1896 : Albert COSTA DE BEAUREGARD Charité sociale en Angleterre – le settlement est décrit comme un outil opportun de réconciliation sociale. 1896 : Œuvre sociale de Popincourt directement inspiré des settlements anglais et américains – Mlle GAHERY 1908 : Résidence sociale de Levallois Perret 3 femmes d’exception ! Marie-Jeanne Mercédès LE FER DE LA Apolline DE GOURLET BASSOT MOTTE Première présidente de la FCSF (1922- 1945) Marie-Jeanne BASSOT (1878-1935) • 1903 : engagement auprès de mercédès leFer de la Motte • 1908 : enlèvement et séquestration par ses parents en hôpital psychiatrique • 1909 : intente et gagne un procès contre ses parents (la maison sociale ferme ses portes) • 1910 : avec Mathilde GIRAULT – réouverture de la Maison sociale de Levallois Perret • 1919 : voyage aux USA – création de la FCSF (1922) dont elle est la secrétaire générale. • 1921-1934 : développement de la Résidence sociale- ouverture d’une préventorium, de deux maisons sociales et d’un centre médico-social • 1927 : Brochure les centres sociaux avec Marie DIEMER Rapport MJ.BASSOT et M.DIEMER 1927 • « Le Centre social n’est pas une agence destinée à réaliser un programme, mais un centre de lumière pour la localité. Il doit chercher à réveiller les forces latentes et à les faire agir. » • Mlles Bassot et Diémer, « Les Centres sociaux », Les Cahiers du Redressement français, n° 20, juin 1927, p. 23. .
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