Experience in constructing new research infrastructures – European Spallation Source and the MAX IV Synchrotron Facility
Lars Börjesson Two world-leading research facilities MAX IV Synchrotron – 2016 National facility -> Nordic Science using X-rays Development from MAXlab
European Spallation Source – 2019 17 Countries as partners Science using Neutrons GreenEuropean field site Spallation and facility Source – 2019 Forskning med neutroner MAX IV and ESS - avanced tools for many research areas
• Materials science • Life Science • Energy technology 32 nm 65 nm transistor • Environmental transistor sciences • Nanotechnology • Geology • Paleonthology
Both fundamental and applied – Strategic research The MAX IV Laboratory
Status Challenges • National facility, 60 % • Full exploration of exceptional international use performance • For materials, nano and life • International partnership for science. science, technology and funding • Investments 400 M€, funding • ERIC from VR, Lund University, • Innovation and industrial use VINNOVA, Region Skåne and K A Wallenberg Foundation and Swedish universities the continuing attention to the user needs. MAX-lab – a national laboratory
MAX I 550 MeV MAX III 700 MeV
MAX II 1500 MeV
LINAC injector
MAX FEL
1985 MAX I – Synchrotron radiation and nuclear physics 1997 MAX II – 3rd generation storage ring 2008 MAX III –3rd generation – prototype for MAX IV 2009 MAX-FEL – Test facility for free electron laser (EUROFEL – IRUVX) International co-operation and use
Swedish and International Use of MAX-lab today
Other Countries 28 % 42 % Sweden
Baltic 2% countries 3% 20 % Norway 5% Finland Denmark
MAX-lab – 930 users MAX IV >2000 users
6 MAX IV – Unique Design
Linac
1,5 GeV ring 3 GeV ring
3 GeV ring 19 beamlines(0.24 nmrad) World leading • Brilliance 540 m circumference • Coherence 1.5 GeV ring 11 beamlines (5.6 nmrad) • Nano-focus 96 m circumference • Time structure 3 GeV linac Injection + short pulse facility MAX-Lab vs. MAX IV A transformation process
MAX-lab
MAX IV Laboratory Next generation – hundreds of times more powerful Revolutionary technique – worlds most brilliant synchrotron facility Larger capacity – more beamlines International partnerships Synergies with ESS and the Science City MAX IV Construction Site Experience from the construction of MAX IV • Existing expertise, development and oganisation from existing MAXlab are extremely valuable • Close cooperation with leading labs worldwide is efficient and necessary • Transformation from small lab to large laboratory not easy – change of culture, attitudes, organisation and managements methods. ”Careful change”. • Dealing with many stakeholders and funders is complicated and difficult. There should be a champion stakeholder. • Takes time to raise institutional interest for partnership in other countries – despite large scientific use. • Large public attention ! Expectation management needed.
• An exciting adventure !! European Spallation Source
Green field project
Status Issues • European project, 17 partner • Agreement with partner countries countries, MoU • Contributions from partner • For materials, nano and life science. countires , inkl in-kind. EC ? • Investments 1.5 B€ • Legal form – ERIC • Pre-construction phase, TDR, costing • Signing of Political Declaration, and agreement ready early 2013, June 2013 • Transf. –> Construction phase ESS – Brief History
• 1992 EC – first Design study of ESS by major Eurpean Labs • 1994 European Neutron Scattering Association created 1994 • 1997-98 First Conceptual Design Study • 2000 US – DoE Decision on a MW spalaltion source • 2002 – 2003 Second ESS design ready • Difficulties to reach European political level • 2002 – ESFRI was created • 2003 ESFRI ESS Working group Role of ESFRI
2007 – ESFRI decided to take initiatives • ESS – a well defined project • competition between 3 sites
Debrecen
ESS Scandinavia
Bilbao • showcase for ‘European decision process’ – to political level ? • ESS project has a ‘long’ history role of ESFRI ESFRI process ESS site competition – ESFRI site review questionnaire sent to 3 sites to help with decision process
Site Review Group - Lund’s strengths • excellence of scientific environment • excellence of R&D • strong business community • international environment • preparedness to move into construction Role of ESFRI
Czech presidency – • Margins of Competitiveness Council meeting • Site decision made 29 May 2009
Start of Design update and Pre- construction phase ESS - A European Facility
Sweden, Denmark and Norway: 50% of Construction 20% of Operations Total investement: ~ 1,5 B€ Operations: ~ 100 M€
European Partners Contributes the rest
ESS Presentation | 2012 May | Karl McFaul Status of the ESS
• MoU for pre-construction phase – 17 countries • Design update almost completed - Technical Design, Costing and Agreement texts ready end of 2012 • Project Review Completed Summer 2012 – ”Ready for Construction” • Bi-Lateral negotiations are on-going • Signing of Political Declarations of Intent – June 2013 • -> Construction phase Some experiences of the ESS Political • Political decision process in Europe is complex and slow, compare SNS in the US • Experienced Politician as ’Science Angel’ • ESFRI played a significant role
Technical • Promoting – Technical Organisation takes time • Project Management from Industry is important for reaching goals. Intersiting cultural challenge • Engage world leading technical/scientific experts
• Reviews and cost control essential to be on track Start-ups
Minatec – Nanocenter PSB ILL EMBL
ESRF ESRF och ILL, Grenoble Science Village – a creative environment
Medicon Village Outstations: National, universities, institutes
Laboratories: Bio, nano, materiasl, energy, environments…
Incubators, R&D Divisions, Sciecne parks
Hotel and restaurants
Science Expo, visitors center
Conferenses and workshops Stimulating science and societal growth
6-8000 scientists per – Scientific breakthroughs year – Technical innovations
– Procurement of the order of 2Billion €
– Advanced use by academia and industry
– Development of highly competent personell in high-tech areas – Will attract R&D divisions in companies
– Industry use - 5 % direct - 30% in cooperation with university 800 employed scientists Regional initiatives
TITA – Project • General innovation and industry effects • City and regional planning, new suburbs to Lund, public transport • Social activities – international schools in many languages, multi-culture, the spouse problem,… • Science center for the public • Interactions University- Institutes, facilities, industry • How to be as open as possible to Europe and beyond
At Pufendorf institute 15 Social scientists study effects of large facilities on society in real time
ESS and MAX IV 2025
• Worlds most powerful neutron and synchrotron sources • Creative Center for Science and Innovation • Effects well beyond being tools for materials research and biotechnology • Talents from all over the world – 5000- 8000/year But…
• How do we do science 2025 and beyond ? • Effects of IT development ? • What does the innovation system look like ? • What are the grand challenges for science ? • What attracts people ? • How do we live and work ? • What is important to people ?
How do we plan for the future ? Foresights ? Thinktanks ?