CME 320 Chemical Engineering Laboratory II: Unit Operation Course Instructor: D

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

CME 320 Chemical Engineering Laboratory II: Unit Operation Course Instructor: D. Mahajan and V. Zaitsev Website: none Course Goals: Computer simulated and hands-on unit operation experiments. Learn chemical engineering principles through gas-in liquid absorption, liquid-liquid extraction, batch unit operation under high pressure, mass balance and process control. Handling of high-pressure equipment. Selection and identification of unit components and operation. Introduction and operation of various reactor types: batch, CSTR, PFR, fluidized bed, packed bed. Heat exchanger and cooling tower; simulated distillation. Mass and heat balance in unit operation. [2 credits] Pre- or Corequisite(s): CME 310; CME Major Text(s): Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook (7th Edition), R.H. Perry and D.W. Greed (eds). McGraw Hill, New York (1997). Laboratory manuals posted on the course Blackboard site. Class/ Laboratory Schedule: Topics Covered: Week 1: Introduction to unit operation Week 2: Batch Unit Features. Process Control: Rupture disc, Pressure relief valves, High T cut-off, Magnedrive limit Week 3: Mass Transfer and Henry’s Law: Gas dissolution in liquids; effect of stirring on gas dissolution, calculation of Henry’s Law constant for CO2 Week 4: Mass balance. High-pressure liquid pumping against high-pressure in the reactor. Week 5: Virtual Unit Operations Laboratory. A two-pass double-pipe heat exchanger simulation in LabVIEW. Week 6: Introduction to Simple Parallel Flow and Counter Flow Heat Exchangers. Week 7: Virtual Unit Operations Laboratory. A pilot-size Corning gas absorber simulation in LabVIEW. Week 8: Wetted Wall Absorption Pilot Plant. Week 9: Manual Liquid-Liquid Extraction Pilot Plant. Week 10: Virtual Unit Operations Laboratory. A pilot-scale, forced draft, cross-flow cooling tower simulation in LabVIEW. Week 11: Constant Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR). Week 12: Plug Flow Reactor (PFR). Week 13: Make-up lab. Week 14: Presentation. Week 15: Contribution of course to meet professional component: Relationship of course to program outcomes: % CTPC "3a-k" Outcomes contribution A. Ability to apply knowledge of math, engineering, and science 10 B1. Ability to design and conduct experiments 20 B2. Ability to analyze and interpret data 20 C. Ability to design system, component or process to meet needs 20 D. Ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams 10 E. Ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems F. Understanding of professional and ethical responsibility G. Ability to communicate effectively 10 H. Broad education I. Recognition of need an ability to engage in life-long learning J. Knowledge of contemporary issues K. Ability to use techniques, skills, and tools in engineering practice 10 Any other outcomes and assessments? Prepared by __________________ Date Prepared: ________________ .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

1. Define: Unit Operation. Useful Physical Changes Occur in the Chemical Industry Is Known As a Unit Operation
INTREVIEW QUESTIONS 1. Define: Unit operation. Useful Physical changes occur in the chemical industry is known as a Unit Operation. Example: Distillation, Filtration, Drying, Extraction, Gas absorption, Crystallization, etc. 2. Define: Unit process. Useful Chemical changes with or without physical change occur in chemical industry are known as a Unit Process. Example: - Oxidation, Reduction, Alkylation, Sulfonation, Chlorination, etc. 3. Define: Boiling Point and Bubble Point. Boiling Point: -It is a temperature of a liquid at which the vapour pressure of the liquid is equal to atmospheric pressure. Bubble Point: -It is a temperature at which first bubble of vapour is formed. 4. When does liquid boil? When the vapour pressure of the liquid is equal to atmospheric pressure at that time liquid is boil. 5. Define: - Volatile Liquid. It is a tendency of a liquid to vaporize. 6. Acetone and water out of this which is more volatile and why? Acetone is more volatile than water because of boiling point of acetone (56.7 °C) is low compa re to boiling point of water (100° C) 7. What is the Relative Volatility? It is a ratio of concentration of more volatile component in vapour phase to liquid phase is called Relative Volatility 8. What is important of Relative Volatility? For separation of liquid mixture using distillation, Relative volatility should be more than 1. 9. Why is Reflux done in distillation column? and Define Reflux Ratio. For Increasing product purity. Reflux: -It is amount of distillate which is resend to distillation column is known as a reflux. Reflux Ratio: -Reflux ratio is the ratio of the portion of the overhead liquid product from a distillation column that is returned to the upper part of column to the portion of liquid collected as distillate.
[Show full text]
MATERIAL BALANCE NOTES Revision 3 Irven Rinard Department
MATERIAL BALANCE NOTES Revision 3 Irven Rinard Department of Chemical Engineering City College of CUNY and Project ECSEL October 1999 © 1999 Irven Rinard CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 A. Types of Material Balance Problems B. Historical Perspective I. CONSERVATION OF MASS 5 A. Control Volumes B. Holdup or Inventory C. Material Balance Basis D. Material Balances II. PROCESSES 13 A. The Concept of a Process B. Basic Processing Functions C. Unit Operations D. Modes of Process Operations III. PROCESS MATERIAL BALANCES 21 A. The Stream Summary B. Equipment Characterization IV. STEADY-STATE PROCESS MODELING 29 A. Linear Input-Output Models B. Rigorous Models V. STEADY-STATE MATERIAL BALANCE CALCULATIONS 33 A. Sequential Modular B. Simultaneous C. Design Specifications D. Optimization E. Ad Hoc Methods VI. RECYCLE STREAMS AND TEAR SETS 37 A. The Node Incidence Matrix B. Enumeration of Tear Sets VII. SOLUTION OF LINEAR MATERIAL BALANCE MODELS 45 A. Use of Linear Equation Solvers B. Reduction to the Tear Set Variables C. Design Specifications i VIII. SEQUENTIAL MODULAR SOLUTION OF NONLINEAR 53 MATERIAL BALANCE MODELS A. Convergence by Direct Iteration B. Convergence Acceleration C. The Method of Wegstein IX. MIXING AND BLENDING PROBLEMS 61 A. Mixing B. Blending X. PLANT DATA ANALYSIS AND RECONCILIATION 67 A. Plant Data B. Data Reconciliation XI. THE ELEMENTS OF DYNAMIC PROCESS MODELING 75 A. Conservation of Mass for Dynamic Systems B. Surge and Mixing Tanks C. Gas Holders XII. PROCESS SIMULATORS 87 A. Steady State B. Dynamic BILIOGRAPHY 89 APPENDICES A. Reaction Stoichiometry 91 B. Evaluation of Equipment Model Parameters 93 C. Complex Equipment Models 96 D.
[Show full text]
Unit Operations for Bioprocess Engineers
Unit Operations for Bioprocess Engineers Chenming (Mike) Zhang Department of Biological Systems Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, VA 24061 Abstract Unit Operations in Biological Systems Engineering was introduced into the curriculum at Virginia Tech in 2000. It is a lecture and laboratory combined course. The lectures and experiments covered in the course had a narrow focus before the author took over in 2002. To broaden the education for students selecting the Bioprocess Engineering option within the curriculum, the author has revised the content of the course to give the students an opportunity to understand that different unit operations can be applied in various industries, namely food, biochemical, and biotechnology. The experiments have been decreased from 14 to 8 so the students could have a better grasp of the theories and applications. Students’ responses showed that it is important to design the experiments in a way to stimulate their desire to learn and perform. The author found that it is possible to give the students a better view of the various unit operations in bioprocess engineering. Page 9.1342.1 Page 1 Introduction As defined by Shuler and Kargi (2002), “Bioprocess engineers are engineers working to apply the principles of various disciplines, such as chemical, mechanical, electrical, and industrial, to processes based on using living cells or subcomponents of such cells.” In other words, bioprocess engineers are engineers who process biological materials to produce useful goods for society. Without question, bioprocess engineering is a broad-based engineering discipline. As educators, it is our job to broaden the view of the students, so they can take advantage of numerous, diverse job opportunities presented to them when they finish their BS degree.
[Show full text]
Making Downstream Processing Continuous and Robust a Virtual Roundtable S
BIOPROCESS TECHNICAL Making Downstream Processing Continuous and Robust A Virtual Roundtable S. Anne Montgomery, Cheryl Scott, and Peter Satzer, with Margit Holzer, Miriam Monge, Ralph Daumke, and Alexander Faude urrent biomanufacturing is driven to pursue continuous processing for cost reduction and increased productivity, Cespecially for monoclonal antibody (MAb) production and manufacturing. Although many technologies are now available and have been implemented in biodevelopment, implementation for large-scale production is still in its infancy. In a lively roundtable discussion at the BPI West conference in Santa Clara, CA (11 March 2019), participants touched on a number of important issues still to be resolved and technologies that are still in need of implementation at large scale. Below, moderator Peter Satzer (senior scientist RENTSCHLER BIOPHARMA (WWW.RENTSCHLER-BIOPHARMA.COM) with the Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna) summarizes key points raised in that session. Based on Requirements for integration without the need for hold his highlights, BPI asked a number of Continuous Downstream tanks between unit operations requires industry representatives to comment on further exploration. those points further, and their Applications Chromatography Operations: Some responses follow. by Peter Satzer unit operations such as flow-through chromatography and single-pass, Minimizing Buffer and Hold Tanks: One tangential-flow filtration (SPTFF) can be critical parameter is integration of unit integrated easily into a continuous Product Focus: Biologics operations on manufacturing shop downstream process scheme at any floors using minimum numbers of point because they offer constant inflow Process Focus: Downstream buffer tanks and hold tanks. The benefit and outflow of material. Such operations processing of continuous manufacturing can be can be called truly or fully continuous.
[Show full text]
Ac 2011-1640: Unit Operations Lab Bazaar
AC 2011-1640: UNIT OPERATIONS LAB BAZAAR Michael E Prudich, Ohio University Mike Prudich is a professor in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Ohio Uni- versity were he has been for 27 years. Prior to joining the faculty at Ohio University, he was a senior research engineering at Gulf Research and Development Company in Pittsburgh, PA primarily working in the area of synthetic fuels. Daina Briedis, Michigan State University DAINA BRIEDIS is a faculty member in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at Michigan State University. Dr. Briedis has been involved in several areas of education research includ- ing student retention, curriculum redesign, and the use of technology in the classroom. She is a co-PI on two NSF grants in the areas of integration of computation in engineering curricula and in developing comprehensive strategies to retain early engineering students. She is active nationally and internationally in engineering accreditation and is a Fellow of ABET. Robert Y. Ofoli, Michigan State University ROBERT Y. OFOLI is an associate professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materi- als Science at Michigan State University. He has had a long interest in teaching innovations, and has used a variety of active learning protocols in his courses. His research interests include biosensors for biomedical applications, optical and electrochemical characterization of active nanostructured interfaces, nanocatalytic conversion of biorenewables to commodity chemicals and fuels, and nanoscale production of hydrogen on demand. Robert B. Barat, New Jersey Institute of Technology Robert Barat is a Professor of Chemical Engineering at NJIT, where he has been a faculty member for over 20 years.
[Show full text]
Marko Leino Process Simulation Unit Operation Models – Review of Open
MARKO LEINO PROCESS SIMULATION UNIT OPERATION MODELS – REVIEW OF OPEN AND HSC CHEMISTRY I/O INTERFACES Master of Science Thesis Examiner: Professor Hannu Jaakkola Examiner and topic approved by the Faculty Council of the Faculty of Business and Built Environment on 6 April 2016 i ABSTRACT MARKO LEINO: Process Simulation Unit Operation Models – Review of Open and HSC Chemistry I/O Interfaces Tampere University of Technology Master of Science Thesis, 76 pages, 29 Appendix pages April 2016 Master’s Degree Programme in Information Technology Major: Software Engineering Examiner: Professor Hannu Jaakkola Keywords: CAPE-OPEN, HSC Chemistry Sim, unit operation, process simulation Chemical process modelling and simulation can be used as a design tool in the development of chemical plants, and is utilized as a means to evaluate different design options. The CAPE- OPEN interface standards were developed to allow the deployment and utilization of process modelling components in any compliant process modelling environment. This thesis examines the possibilities provided by the CAPE-OPEN interfaces and the .NET framework to develop compliant, cross-platform process modelling components, particularly unit operations. From the software engineering point of view, a unit operation is a represen- tation of physical equipment, and contains the mathematical model of its functionality. The study indicates that the differences between the CAPE-OPEN standards and Outotec HSC Chemistry Sim are negligible at the conceptual level. On the other hand, at the implementa- tion level, the differences are quite considerable. Regardless of the simulation application be- ing used, the modelling of unit operations requires interdisciplinary skills, and creating tools and methods to ease the development of such models is well justified.
[Show full text]
Chemical Process Simulation Using Openmodelica Priyam Nayak, Pravin Dalve, Rahul Anandi Sai, Rahul Jain, Kannan M
Chemical Process Simulation Using OpenModelica Priyam Nayak, Pravin Dalve, Rahul Anandi Sai, Rahul Jain, Kannan M. Moudgalya, P. R. Naren, Peter Fritzson and Daniel Wagner The self-archived postprint version of this journal article is available at Linköping University Institutional Repository (DiVA): http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-159151 N.B.: When citing this work, cite the original publication. Nayak, P., Dalve, P., Sai, R. A., Jain, R., Moudgalya, K. M., Naren, P. R., Fritzson, P., Wagner, D., (2019), Chemical Process Simulation Using OpenModelica, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 58(26), 11164-11174. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00104 Original publication available at: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00104 Copyright: American Chemical Society http://pubs.acs.org/ Article Cite This: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. XXXX, XXX, XXX−XXX pubs.acs.org/IECR Chemical Process Simulation Using OpenModelica † † † † † Priyam Nayak, Pravin Dalve, Rahul Anandi Sai, Rahul Jain, Kannan M. Moudgalya,*, ‡ ¶ § P. R. Naren, Peter Fritzson, and Daniel Wagner † Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India ‡ School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, India ¶ Linkoping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden § Independent Researcher, Manaus 69053-020, Brazil ABSTRACT: The equation-oriented general-purpose simulator OpenModelica provides a convenient, extendible modeling environ- ment, with capabilities such as an easy switch from steady-state to dynamic simulations. This work reports the creation of a library of steady-state models of unit operations using OpenModelica. The use of this library is demonstrated through a few representative ﬂow- sheets, and the results are compared with the steady-state simulators Aspen Plus and DWSIM.
[Show full text]
Transport Phenomena Vs Unit Operations Approach
Chapter 2 Transport Phenomena vs Unit Operations Approach The history of Unit Operations is interesting. As indicated in the previous chapter, chemical engineering courses were originally based on the study of unit processes and/or industrial technologies. However, it soon became apparent that the changes produced in equipment from different industries were similar in nature, i.e., there was a commonality in the mass transfer operations in the petroleum industry as with the utility industry. These similar operations became known as Unit Operations. This approach to chemical engineering was promulgated in the Little report discussed earlier, and has, with varying degrees and emphasis, dominated the profession to this day. The Unit Operations approach was adopted by the profession soon after its inception. During the 130 years (since 1880) that the profession has been in existence as a branch of engineering, society’s needs have changed tremendously and so has chemical engineering. The teaching of Unit Operations at the undergraduate level has remained rela- tively unchanged since the publication of several early- to mid-1900 texts. However, by the middle of the 20th century, there was a slow movement from the unit operation concept to a more theoretical treatment called transport phenomena or, more simply, engineering science. The focal point of this science is the rigorous mathematical description of all physical rate processes in terms of mass, heat, or momentum crossing phase boundaries. This approach took hold of the education/curriculum of the profession with the publication of the ﬁrst edition of the Bird et al. book.(1) Some, including both authors of this text, feel that this concept set the profession back several decades since graduating chemical engineers, in terms of training, were more applied physicists than traditional chemical engineers.
[Show full text]
Hydrocyclone Separation of Targeted Algal Intermediates and Products
1.3.3.100: Hydrocyclone Separation of Targeted Algal Intermediates and Products March 24, 2015 Algal Feedstocks Research and Development Richard Brotzman Argonne National Laboratory This presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information Project Goals . Evaluate an energy-efficient, separation process – Technology: Hydrocyclone separation of components in a fluid mixture – Main application: Dewatering of algal cultures . Program tasks – Establish baseline understanding of hydrocyclone separation of algae – Develop separations process metrics – Identify operational parameters most indicative of optimal performance – Develop techno-economic model of hydrocyclone separation . Metrics – Dewatering algae: % concentration – Energy input and operation duration – Process cost . Success can lead to cost-competitive algal biofuels that can reduce the nation’s dependence on fossil fuels 2 Quad Chart Overview Timeline Barriers . Project start date: Oct 1, 2012 . AFt-B: Sustainable production . Project end date: Sept 30, 2014 . AFt-D: Sustainable harvesting . Percent complete: 100% (FY2014) . AFt-M: Integration and scale-up . Project Type: Sun-Setting . AFt-N: Algal feedstock processing Budget Partners . Total project funding . George Oyler – University of Nebraska – DOE: $ 600,000 . REAP production facility at New – Contractor: $ 0 Mexico State University . Funding received in FY12: $ 0 . Leveraged activities . Funding for FY13: $ 250,000 – Industrial experience with hydrocyclones . Funding for FY14: $
[Show full text]
Biomanufacturing Technology Roadmap Continuous Downstream Processing for Biomanufacturing an Industry Review
©BioPhorum Operations Group Ltd EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BIOMANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP CONTINUOUS DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING FOR BIOMANUFACTURING AN INDUSTRY REVIEW 1 Contents 1.0 Executive summary 6 4.5 Continuous ultrafiltration/diafiltration 28 2.0 Introduction 8 4.6 Continuous formulation 30 4.7 Continuous buffer supply considerations 31 3.0 Process description 11 4.8 On-line monitoring and instrument 3.1 Introduction 11 probe challenges 33 3.2 Definitions 11 4.8.1 Instrument calibration 33 3.3 Process linkages 13 4.8.2 Instrument performance life 3.4 Start-up and shutdown of and recalibration 33 continuous processes 13 4.8.3 Instrument cleaning vs single-use 34 3.5 Reference process descriptions 13 5.0 Single-use technologies 35 3.5.1 Continuous process 14 5.1 Durability and robustness 36 3.5.2 Semi-continuous process 16 5.2 Leachables and extractables 36 3.5.3 Detailed scenario definitions 17 5.3 Flow rate 36 4.0 Technology gaps 18 6.0 Automation 37 4.1 Bioburden control 18 6.1 Improved equipment operation 37 4.2 Continuous multi-column chromatography 20 6.2 Overall process-optimization 4.2.1 Continuous chromatography systems 20 requirements 38 4.2.2 Continuous Protein A chromatography 21 6.3 Operator/operations 4.2.3 Continuous cation exchange management requirements 39 chromatography (and other high- 6.4 Material consumption/waste resolution bind and elute modalities) 21 tracking requirements 40 4.2.4 Continuous anion exchange 6.5 Production set-up and changeover 41 chromatography (and other 6.6 Batch record requirements 42 flow-through
[Show full text]
Batch Distillation Ki-Joo Kim Postdoctoral Researcher, Systems Analysis Branch, U.S
DK3017_C005.fm Page 107 Wednesday, April 27, 2005 9:24 AM 5 Batch Distillation Ki-Joo Kim Postdoctoral Researcher, Systems Analysis Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH ([email protected]) Urmila Diwekar Professor, BioEngineering, Chemical, and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago ([email protected]) CONTENTS 5.1 Introduction..............................................................................................108 5.2 Early Theoretical Analysis ......................................................................112 5.2.1 Simple Distillation.......................................................................112 5.2.2 Operating Modes .........................................................................114 5.2.2.1 McCabe–Thiele Graphical Method .............................114 5.2.2.2 Constant Reflux Mode .................................................115 5.2.2.3 Variable Reflux Mode..................................................117 5.2.2.4 Optimal Reflux Mode ..................................................118 5.3 Hierarchy of Models................................................................................120 5.3.1 Rigorous Model...........................................................................121 5.3.2 Low Holdup Semirigorous Model ..............................................124 5.3.3 Shortcut Model and Feasibility Considerations..........................125 5.3.4 Collocation-Based Models ..........................................................127 5.3.5 Model
[Show full text]
Distillation • Distillation Is a Method of Separating Mixtures Based on Differences in Their Volatilities in a Boiling Liquid Mixture
Distillation • Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture. • Distillation is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction. • Commercially, distillation is used to separate crude oil itinto more frac tions for spec ific uses suc h as transport, power generation and heating. • Water is distilled to remove impurities, such as salt from seawater. • Air is distilled to separate its components— oxygen, nitrogen, and argon—for industrial use. • Distillation of fermented solutions has been used since ancient times to produce distilled beverages with a higher alcohol content. History • The first clear evidence of distillation comes from GkGreek alhlchem itists working in Alexan dr ia ithfitin the first century AD. Distilled water has been known since at least ca. 200 AD. Arabs learned the process from the Egyptians and used it extensively in their alchemical experiments. • The first clear evidence from the distillation of alcohol comes from the School of Salerno in the 12th century. Fractional distillation was developed by Tadeo Alderotti in the 13th century. • In 1500, German alchemist Hieronymus Braunschweig published the Book of the Art of Distillation, the first book solely dedicated to the subject of distillation. In 1651, John French published The Art of Distillation the first major English compendium of practice. This includes diagrams with people in them showing the industrial rather than bench scale of the operation. • Early forms of distillation were batch processes using one vaporization and one condensation. Purity was improved by further distillation of the condensate. Greater volumes were processed by simply repeating the dis tilla tion.
[Show full text]