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Reflections on Agoncilloʼs the Revolt of the Masses and the Politics of History
Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 49, No. 3, December 2011 Reflections on Agoncilloʼs The Revolt of the Masses and the Politics of History Reynaldo C. ILETO* Abstract Teodoro Agoncilloʼs classic work on Andres Bonifacio and the Katipunan revolt of 1896 is framed by the tumultuous events of the 1940s such as the Japanese occupation, nominal independence in 1943, Liberation, independence from the United States, and the onset of the Cold War. Was independence in 1946 really a culmination of the revolution of 1896? Was the revolution spearheaded by the Communist-led Huk movement legitimate? Agoncilloʼs book was written in 1947 in order to hook the present onto the past. The 1890s themes of exploitation and betrayal by the propertied class, the rise of a plebeian leader, and the revolt of the masses against Spain, are implicitly being played out in the late 1940s. The politics of hooking the present onto past events and heroic figures led to the prize-winning manuscriptʼs suppression from 1948 to 1955. Finally seeing print in 1956, it provided a novel and timely reading of Bonifacio at a time when Rizalʼs legacy was being debated in the Senate and as the Church hierarchy, priests, intellectuals, students, and even general public were getting caught up in heated controversies over national heroes. The circumstances of how Agoncilloʼs work came to the attention of the author in the 1960s are also discussed. Keywords: Philippine Revolution, Andres Bonifacio, Katipunan society, Cold War, Japanese occupation, Huk rebellion, Teodoro Agoncillo, Oliver Wolters Teodoro Agoncilloʼs The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan is one of the most influential books on Philippine history. -
Colonial Contractions: the Making of the Modern Philippines, 1565–1946
Colonial Contractions: The Making of the Modern Philippines, 1565–1946 Colonial Contractions: The Making of the Modern Philippines, 1565–1946 Vicente L. Rafael Subject: Southeast Asia, Philippines, World/Global/Transnational Online Publication Date: Jun 2018 DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.268 Summary and Keywords The origins of the Philippine nation-state can be traced to the overlapping histories of three empires that swept onto its shores: the Spanish, the North American, and the Japanese. This history makes the Philippines a kind of imperial artifact. Like all nation- states, it is an ineluctable part of a global order governed by a set of shifting power rela tionships. Such shifts have included not just regime change but also social revolution. The modernity of the modern Philippines is precisely the effect of the contradictory dynamic of imperialism. The Spanish, the North American, and the Japanese colonial regimes, as well as their postcolonial heir, the Republic, have sought to establish power over social life, yet found themselves undermined and overcome by the new kinds of lives they had spawned. It is precisely this dialectical movement of empires that we find starkly illumi nated in the history of the Philippines. Keywords: Philippines, colonialism, empire, Spain, United States, Japan The origins of the modern Philippine nation-state can be traced to the overlapping histo ries of three empires: Spain, the United States, and Japan. This background makes the Philippines a kind of imperial artifact. Like all nation-states, it is an ineluctable part of a global order governed by a set of shifting power relationships. -
NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION Child & Youth Welfare (Residential) ACCREDITED a HOME for the ANGELS CHILD Mrs
Directory of Social Welfare and Development Agencies (SWDAs) with VALID REGISTRATION, LICENSED TO OPERATE AND ACCREDITATION per AO 16 s. 2012 as of March, 2015 Name of Agency/ Contact Registration # License # Accred. # Programs and Services Service Clientele Area(s) of Address /Tel-Fax Nos. Person Delivery Operation Mode NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION Child & Youth Welfare (Residential) ACCREDITED A HOME FOR THE ANGELS CHILD Mrs. Ma. DSWD-NCR-RL-000086- DSWD-SB-A- adoption and foster care, homelife, Residentia 0-6 months old NCR CARING FOUNDATION, INC. Evelina I. 2011 000784-2012 social and health services l Care surrendered, 2306 Coral cor. Augusto Francisco Sts., Atienza November 21, 2011 to October 3, 2012 abandoned and San Andres Bukid, Manila Executive November 20, 2014 to October 2, foundling children Tel. #: 562-8085 Director 2015 Fax#: 562-8089 e-mail add:[email protected] ASILO DE SAN VICENTE DE PAUL Sr. Enriqueta DSWD-NCR RL-000032- DSWD-SB-A- temporary shelter, homelife Residentia residential care -5- NCR No. 1148 UN Avenue, Manila L. Legaste, 2010 0001035-2014 services, social services, l care and 10 years old (upon Tel. #: 523-3829/523-5264/522- DC December 25, 2013 to June 30, 2014 to psychological services, primary community-admission) 6898/522-1643 Administrator December 24, 2016 June 29, 2018 health care services, educational based neglected, Fax # 522-8696 (Residential services, supplemental feeding, surrendered, e-mail add: [email protected] Care) vocational technology program abandoned, (Level 2) (commercial cooking, food and physically abused, beverage, transient home) streetchildren DSWD-SB-A- emergency relief - vocational 000410-2010 technology progrm September 20, - youth 18 years 2010 to old above September 19, - transient home- 2013 financially hard up, (Community no relative in based) Manila BAHAY TULUYAN, INC. -
The La Solidaridad and Philippine Journalism in Spain (1889-1895)
44 “Our Little Newspaper”… “OUR LITTLE NEWSPAPER” THE LA SOLIDARIDAD AND PHILIPPINE JOURNALISM IN SPAIN (1889-1895) Jose Victor Z. Torres, PhD De La Salle University-Manila [email protected] “Nuestros periodiquito” or “Our little newspaper” Historian, archivist, and writer Manuel Artigas y was how Marcelo del Pilar described the periodical Cuerva had written works on Philippine journalism, that would serve as the organ of the Philippine especially during the celebration of the tercentenary reform movement in Spain. For the next seven years, of printing in 1911. A meticulous researcher, Artigas the La Solidaridad became the respected Philippine newspaper in the peninsula that voiced out the viewed and made notes on the pre-war newspaper reformists’ demands and showed their attempt to collection in the government archives and the open the eyes of the Spaniards to what was National Library. One of the bibliographical entries happening to the colony in the Philippines. he wrote was that of the La Solidaridad, which he included in his work “El Centenario de la Imprenta”, But, despite its place in our history, the story of a series of articles in the American period magazine the La Solidaridad has not entirely been told. Madalas Renacimiento Filipino which ran from 1911-1913. pag-usapan pero hindi alam ang kasaysayan. We do not know much of the La Solidaridad’s beginnings, its Here he cited a published autobiography by reformist struggle to survive as a publication, and its sad turned revolutionary supporter, Timoteo Paez as his ending. To add to the lacunae of information, there source. -
COURSE OUTLINE in TEACHING SOCIAL STUDIES in the ELEMENTARY GRADES (Phil
COURSE OUTLINE IN TEACHING SOCIAL STUDIES IN THE ELEMENTARY GRADES (Phil. History and Government) COURSE TITLE : Teaching Social Studies in the Elementary grades (Philippine History and Government) COURSE CODE : TSSEGHISGOV NUMBER OF UNITS : 3 UNITS CONTACT HOURS : 3 HOURS PREREQUISITE : TSSEGCULGEO COURSE REQUIREMENTS : Oral Presentation, Reading Reports, Research work, Quizzes, Blank Map, Major Exam COURSE DESCRIPTION : The course emphasizes the contents of Philippine History and Government that are necessary in teaching at the elementary level. Further, appropriate teaching strategies and assessment methods shall be included to prepare students to become elementary grades teachers. COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES: 1. Explain the basis and importance for the study of history. 2. Demonstrate willingness to protect the country’s territory and resources. 3. Promote unity among ethnic groups and regions in the Philippines 4. Propose a ways of solving corruption in the government 5. Describe the environmental condition of the country at the time of the Spanish, American and Japanese rule in the Philippines. 6. Identify the importance of the accomplishments of the different administration in the Philippine Government. 7. Promote the importance of proper civic responsibility COURSE CONTENT PRELIM and MIDTERM FINALS 1. Orientation & 6. THE THIRD PHILIPPINE Course overview REPUBLIC 2. THE PHILIPPINES (GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES) Administration of President Geographic features of the country Magsaysay to President Garcia Natural resources Regions of the Philippine Administration of President Profile of the Filipinos as a People Macapagal and President Marcos 3. PRE SPANISH PERIOD 7. THE FOURTH REPUBLIC The first Filipinos (MARTIAL LAW PERIOD) Ancestors’ cultures and way of life The Declaration of Martial Law The arrival and spread of Islam The end of Military Rule 4. -
Roberto BLANCO ANDRÉS, Los Sucesos De Antique De 1888, Pp. 7
Arch Ag 99 (2015) 7-63 Los sucesos de Antique de 1888 POR ROBERTO BLANCO ANDRÉS En los meses de mayo y junio de 1888 estalló una rebelión an - tiespañola e independentista en la provincia de Antique (isla de Panay, Filipinas). El levantamiento no tuvo ninguna conexión con el movimiento nacionalista de los ilustrados filipinos de La Propaganda. Ocurrió en una provincia con escasa población española y de tradi - cional administración de la Orden de San Agustín. En este artículo se realiza un estudio en profundidad de unos sucesos prácticamente des - conocidos para la bibliografía, indagando en sus causas, objetivos, desarrollo y protagonistas. Para ello se ha transcrito la correspon - dencia inédita del Padre Alipio Azpitarte, vicario provincial agustino en Antique, quien en las comunicaciones con su superior provincial aporta una información muy rica y abundante. In the months of May and June 1888 broke out an anti-spanish and independentist rebellion in the province of Antique (island of Panay, Philippines). The uprising had no connection with the nationa - list movement of Filipino “Ilustrados” of La Propaganda. It happened in a province with very few spanish and traditionally administered by the Order of St Augustin. We offer in this article a depth study about events virtually unknown, doing a study of its causes, objectives and protagonists. For this purpose we have transcribed the unpublished co - rrespondence of Fr. Alipio Azpitarte, Provincial Vicar Augustinian of Antique, who in their communications with their provincial superior provides a rich and abundant information. Diez años antes del final del dominio hispánico en Filipinas estalló una insurrección en Antique contra los españoles de esa provincia ubicada en 8 R. -
Reflections on Agoncilloʼs the Revolt of the Masses and the Politics of History
Kyoto University Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 49, No. 3, December 2011 Reflections on Agoncilloʼs The Revolt of the Masses and the Politics of History Reynaldo C. ILETO* Abstract Teodoro Agoncilloʼs classic work on Andres Bonifacio and the Katipunan revolt of 1896 is framed by the tumultuous events of the 1940s such as the Japanese occupation, nominal independence in 1943, Liberation, independence from the United States, and the onset of the Cold War. Was independence in 1946 really a culmination of the revolution of 1896? Was the revolution spearheaded by the Communist-led Huk movement legitimate? Agoncilloʼs book was written in 1947 in order to hook the present onto the past. The 1890s themes of exploitation and betrayal by the propertied class, the rise of a plebeian leader, and the revolt of the masses against Spain, are implicitly being played out in the late 1940s. The politics of hooking the present onto past events and heroic figures led to the prize-winning manuscriptʼs suppression from 1948 to 1955. Finally seeing print in 1956, it provided a novel and timely reading of Bonifacio at a time when Rizalʼs legacy was being debated in the Senate and as the Church hierarchy, priests, intellectuals, students, and even general public were getting caught up in heated controversies over national heroes. The circumstances of how Agoncilloʼs work came to the attention of the author in the 1960s are also discussed. Keywords: Philippine Revolution, Andres Bonifacio, Katipunan society, Cold War, Japanese occupation, Huk rebellion, Teodoro Agoncillo, Oliver Wolters Teodoro Agoncilloʼs The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan is one of the most influential books on Philippine history. -
UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Language, Tagalog Regionalism, and Filipino Nationalism: How a Language-Centered Tagalog Regionalism Helped to Develop a Philippine Nationalism Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/69j3t8mk Author Porter, Christopher James Publication Date 2017 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Language, Tagalog Regionalism, and Filipino Nationalism: How a Language-Centered Tagalog Regionalism Helped to Develop a Philippine Nationalism A Thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Southeast Asian Studies by Christopher James Porter June 2017 Thesis Committee: Dr. Hendrik Maier, Chairperson Dr. Sarita See Dr. David Biggs Copyright by Christopher James Porter 2017 The Thesis of Christopher James Porter is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside Table of Contents: Introduction………………………………………………….. 1-4 Part I: Filipino Nationalism Introduction…………………………………………… 5-8 Spanish Period………………………………………… 9-21 American Period……………………………………… 21-28 1941 to Present……………………………………….. 28-32 Part II: Language Introduction…………………………………………… 34-36 Spanish Period……………………………………….... 36-39 American Period………………………………………. 39-43 1941 to Present………………………………………... 44-51 Part III: Formal Education Introduction…………………………………………… 52-53 Spanish Period………………………………………… 53-55 American Period………………………………………. 55-59 1941 to 2009………………………………………….. 59-63 A New Language Policy……………………………… 64-68 Conclusion……………………………………………………. 69-72 Epilogue………………………………………………………. 73-74 Bibliography………………………………………………….. 75-79 iv INTRODUCTION: The nation-state of the Philippines is comprised of thousands of islands and over a hundred distinct languages, as well as over a thousand dialects of those languages. The archipelago has more than a dozen regional languages, which are recognized as the lingua franca of these different regions. -
Race and Ethnicity in the Era of the Philippine-American War, 1898-1914
Allegiance and Identity: Race and Ethnicity in the Era of the Philippine-American War, 1898-1914 by M. Carmella Cadusale Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the History Program YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIVERSITY August, 2016 Allegiance and Identity: Race and Ethnicity in the Era of the Philippine-American War, 1898-1914 M. Carmella Cadusale I hereby release this thesis to the public. I understand that this thesis will be made available from the OhioLINK ETD Center and the Maag Library Circulation Desk for public access. I also authorize the University or other individuals to make copies of this thesis as needed for scholarly research. Signature: M. Carmella Cadusale, Student Date Approvals: Dr. L. Diane Barnes, Thesis Advisor Date Dr. David Simonelli, Committee Member Date Dr. Helene Sinnreich, Committee Member Date Dr. Salvatore A. Sanders, Dean of Graduate Studies Date ABSTRACT Filipino culture was founded through the amalgamation of many ethnic and cultural influences, such as centuries of Spanish colonization and the immigration of surrounding Asiatic groups as well as the long nineteenth century’s Race of Nations. However, the events of 1898 to 1914 brought a sense of national unity throughout the seven thousand islands that made the Philippine archipelago. The Philippine-American War followed by United States occupation, with the massive domestic support on the ideals of Manifest Destiny, introduced the notion of distinct racial ethnicities and cemented the birth of one national Philippine identity. The exploration on the Philippine American War and United States occupation resulted in distinguishing the three different analyses of identity each influenced by events from 1898 to 1914: 1) The identity of Filipinos through the eyes of U.S., an orientalist study of the “us” versus “them” heavily influenced by U.S. -
Philippine History and Government
Remembering our Past 1521 – 1946 By: Jommel P. Tactaquin Head, Research and Documentation Section Veterans Memorial and Historical Division Philippine Veterans Affairs Office The Philippine Historic Past The Philippines, because of its geographical location, became embroiled in what historians refer to as a search for new lands to expand European empires – thinly disguised as the search for exotic spices. In the early 1400’s, Portugese explorers discovered the abundance of many different resources in these “new lands” heretofore unknown to early European geographers and explorers. The Portugese are quickly followed by the Dutch, Spaniards, and the British, looking to establish colonies in the East Indies. The Philippines was discovered in 1521 by Portugese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and colonized by Spain from 1565 to 1898. Following the Spanish – American War, it became a territory of the United States. On July 4, 1946, the United States formally recognized Philippine independence which was declared by Filipino revolutionaries from Spain. The Philippine Historic Past Although not the first to set foot on Philippine soil, the first well document arrival of Europeans in the archipelago was the Spanish expedition led by Portuguese Ferdinand Magellan, which first sighted the mountains of Samara. At Masao, Butuan, (now in Augustan del Norte), he solemnly planted a cross on the summit of a hill overlooking the sea and claimed possession of the islands he had seen for Spain. Magellan befriended Raja Humabon, the chieftain of Sugbu (present day Cebu), and converted him to Catholicism. After getting involved in tribal rivalries, Magellan, with 48 of his men and 1,000 native warriors, invaded Mactan Island. -
La Liga in Rizal Scholarship
149 La Liga in Rizal Scholarship George ASENIERO Independent Scholar THE VAST AND CONTINUALLY growing body of Rizal studies has surprisingly paid little attention to the Statutes of La Liga Filipina. Most commentators are drawn to the fifth aim— study and application of reforms—and conclude that La Liga was Rizal’s last vain effort at reformist politics, which was cut short by his sudden deportation to Dapitan and replaced by Bonifacio’s revolutionary organization, the Katipunan. The document itself is hard to find, as it appears only in varying brevity in a few compilations. Remarkably, even the official edition of Rizal’s complete works published by the Centennial Commission in 1961 included only the abridged version by Wenceslao Retana. Thankfully, this serious omission in historiography has been redressed in the digital age with the online publication of the original text by Project Gutenberg. Doubts have been cast on the authorship of La Liga, as noted by Benedict Anderson. It is not easy to believe that this authoritarian structure, evidently adapted from Masonry’s ancestral lore, was Rizal’s brainchild… It is much more likely that structure was the brainchild of Andres Bonifacio, who formed the underground revolutionary Katipunan not long after Rizal’s deportation to Mindanao and the Liga’s abrupt disintegration (2005, 130). While it is true that no existing manuscript can be traced to Rizal, the Statutes was published in Hong Kong while he was living there and was disseminated to political activists in Manila whom he addressed in organized gatherings. Most significantly, he never denied authorship of it even though, as he averred truthfully at his trial, he had no knowledge of Volume 13949:1 (2013) 150140 G. -
Jose Rizal and the Construction of National Identity (Colonialism and Nationalism)
TITLE: Jose Rizal and the Construction of National Identity (Colonialism and Nationalism) Author: Doug Kotlarczyk. Lake Forest High School, Lake Forest, IL Course: World History Additional Resources Used: American Occupation of the Philippines reading; Philippine National Hero packet; Filipinos PowerPoint Lesson Objective: Students will be able to describe the way in which colonialism affects the development of national identity. Method/Activities: After reading a brief background on the Philippine-American War and the American occupation of the Philippines, groups of 3 students (representing the 3 Filipino members of the Taft Commission) will select a Philippine national hero. The teacher will then lead a full class discussion on the implications of colonialism, using the selection of Rizal as the national hero as an exemplar case. Assessment: On the basis of student contributions to small group and full class discussions. Procedures: Before the Lesson: What the teacher will be doing: What the students will be doing: Prepare copies of readings - During the Lesson: What the teacher will be doing: What the students will be doing: Set Induction: Show Filipinos PowerPoint. Ask Set Induction: Look at pictures on Filipinos students to take a look at pictures of some regular PowerPoint; jot down possible differences Filipinos, and then at Filipino celebrities. Do they see any differences? Jot them down in their notes. Body of the lesson: Body of the lesson: Phase 1: Break students into group of 3 and Phase 1: Read American Occupation of the distribute American Occupation of the Philippines Philippines in small groups. reading Phase 2: Introduce yourself as American general Phase 2: Read Philippine National Hero reading Adna Chafee, commander of US forces in the packet, and discuss in groups who your Philippines.