Synthesis of Nano Bioactive Glass Or Bioglass
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Vol. 10, 2020, pp. 01~32 ISSN: 2605-6895 REVIEW: SYNTHESIS OF NANO BIOACTIVE GLASS OR BIOGLASS Silvia Widiyanti1, Elba Faradisa1, Ahmad Mauludin Mubarok1, Nisa Fauziyyah1, Hari Agung Triadi1, Muhammad Rifki Nawawi1, Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto1 1Departemen Pendidika Kimia, Fakultas Pendidikan Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung Indonesia Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Currently, bioglass nanoparticles are one of the most developed nanotechnology materials due to their bioactive properties and Received 18/10/2020 mechanical work which can be widely applied, especially in Accepted 26/11/2020 biomedical fields such as bone tissue engineering and orthopedic implants. Writing this paper is aimed at conducting a literature review on the synthesis of bioglass nanoparticles. In this paper, we review 40 Keyword: papers from 2001 to 2020. From several papers that have been Nanoparticle reviewed, several methods can be used to make bioglass nanoparticles, Bioglass including melt quenching, sol-gel, sol-gel with acid media, sol-gel Method of synthesis using the OMC 3D template OMC, sol-gel using the DDA template, Characterization sol-gel using the P123 pluronic copolymer template, sol-gel with Cu doping, sol-gel using silver ion and fluoride doping, sol-gel from rice husk, microwave irradiation, flame synthesis, and microemulsion. The best method of nanoparticles bioglass synthesis is sol-gel using OMC 3D template for produce particles with a size of about 300 nm which is smaller than the size of the OMC 3D template, the surface area of 26 m2/g, and no agglomeration of particles observed by TEM and DLS . Corresponding Author: Adress Email: [email protected] Phone: +6281394340884 1 S.Widiyanti et al. RHAZES: Green and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 10, 2020, 01~32 1. INTRODUCTION Bioglass nanoparticles are one of the most widely developed nanotechnology materials because of their bioactive properties and mechanical performance which can be widely applied in bone tissue engineering [1], bone graft materials for bioactive coating on orthopedic implants [2], and as filler particles in biopolymer composites [3,4]. Bioglass nanoparticles are very important in the biomedical field because of their unique characteristics, namely osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity, and under certain conditions, they are also angiogenic and bactericidal [5]. Bioglass can react with physiological fluids to form strong bonds with the bone. The bonding will be followed by the release of ions for the formation of the hydroxycarbonatepatite (HCA) layer and the biological interaction of collagen with the glass surface so that these various reactions are very beneficial in the healing process of bone fractures [6]. The combination of bioglass nanoparticles with a polymer system is capable of producing a nanocomposite that has the potential for use in orthopedic applications, including tissue engineering and tissue regeneration. The composite modification that is biodegradable with polymers also allows the production of a substrate that can trigger the biomineralization process [7]. Several methods can be done to make bioglass nanoparticles, such as the melt quenching method, sol-gel [8], flame synthesis [9], microwave irradiation [10], and microemulsion [11]. Two main processes that can synthesize this biomaterial are the melt quenching method and sol-gel. The melt quenching method can synthesize bioglass in a short time, about several hours, by heating the initial precursors to high temperatures and following special rules. Although the melt technique is a fast method, the resulting glass usually has a low specific surface area value. According to previous research, the specific surface area value is a key factor affecting bioglass bioactivity. Increasing the specific surface area can increase the surface reaction between the artificial material and the physiological environment, thereby increasing the formation of the HA layer. The sol-gel method can synthesize bioglass at lower temperatures, has a porous structure, and a high specific surface area value which can increase the bioactivity of synthetic materials [12]. Many papers discuss the synthesis of bioglass nanoparticles, but a limited number of papers review the synthesis of bioglass nanoparticles. Therefore, this paper aims to conduct a literature review on the synthesis of bioglass nanoparticles. We review 60 papers from 2001 to 2020 regarding the synthesis of bioglass nanoparticles using the melt quenching method, sol-gel, sol-gel using acid media, sol-gel using the OMC 3D template, sol-gel using 2 S.Widiyanti et al. RHAZES: Green and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 10, 2020, 01~32 the DDA template, sol-gel using the template. pluronic copolymer P123, sol-gel with Cu doping, sol-gel with silver ion and fluoride doping, sol-gel using rice husk, microwave irradiation, flame synthesis, and microemulsion. The comparison of these methods is presented in Table 1 below. Table 1. Materials, research groups, methods, and research results of bioglass nanoparticle synthesis Material Operating Reagents Method Result Reference Condition Phosphorus, Heating time & 40% P2O5 , 20% Melt Bioglass Algarni et al., pentoxide, sodium temperature Na2O, 10% quenching nanoparticles 2019 oxide, calcium Melting set: Ca(OH)2, 20% have a regular o hydroxide, 1300 C, 40 minutes CaCl2 , 8% ZnO, round shape calcium oxide, Anaeling set : 10% TiO2 and different zinc oxide, 380oC, 3 hours sizes, titanium oxide 8.2< size <15.3 nm Silicon dioxide, Heating time & 53.0 SiO2:23.0 Melt Bioglass Shams et al., sodium carbonate, temperature Na2CO3:20.0 quenching nanoparticles 2018 calcium Melting set: CaCO3:4.0 P2O5 with a wide carbonate, 1400oC, 3 hours size phosphorus Drying process: distribution, pentoxide 80℃, 5 hours 100< size <800 nm 3 S.Widiyanti et al. RHAZES: Green and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 10, 2020, 01~32 TEOS, ethanol, Heating time & 4.054 g TEOS; Sol-gel Bioglass Kumar et al., calcium nitrate Temperature 2.372 g calcium nanoparticles 2020 tetrahydrate, Mixing Reagen : 30 nitrate with different phosphate minutes, tetrahydrate; size, 200< pentoxide temperature room 0.267 g phosphate size <500, and ammonia solution Drying: 100℃ pentoxide a surface area of 10.4 m 2 / g, but there is agglomeration . TEOS, nitric acid, Stirring : 4 hours - Sol-gel Bioglass with Durgalakshmi alcohol, Storing the sol gel : with acid most particle et al., 2014 phosphoric acid, 70 oC, 24 hours medium sizes less than calcium nitrate, Drying Powder: 100 nm, and sodium hydroxide 600 oC, 2 hours there are some particles with sizes over 200 nm due to agglomeration . 4 S.Widiyanti et al. RHAZES: Green and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 10, 2020, 01~32 TEOS, TEP, Storing the sol : 40 37.81 mL TEOS; Sol-gel Bioglass with Ray, S., & calcium nitrate oC, 3 days 2.863 mL TEP; with acid sufficiently Dasgupta, S., tetrahydrate, Drying the xerogel 18.379 mg medium agglomerated 2020 sodium nitrate, : calcium nitrate and spherical nitric acid 450 oC, 3 hours tetrahydrate; 5.92 morphology. T mg sodium he particle size nitrate; 100 mL is 25< size< 50 nitric acid 1 M nm. TEOS, TEP, HCl, Immersing template 9.4 g TEOS; 1.1 g Sol-gel The particle Ji et al., 2017 absolute ethanol 3D OMCin sol-gel: TEP; 0.3 g HCl uses the size was about (ETOH), room temperature, 2M; 7.5 g EtOH; OMC 3D 300 nm, deionized water, 8 hours 0.8 g DW; 6.4 g template smaller than calcium nitrate Sintering: 600℃, 1 calcium nitrate the template tetrahydrate, hour tetrahydrate size and a template 3D OMC surface area of 26 m2/g. No particle agglomeration . The particles are well dispersed in a biopolymer matrix such as gelatin. In addition, the templates used contribute good 5 S.Widiyanti et al. RHAZES: Green and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 10, 2020, 01~32 mechanical properties and bioactivity. Template DDA, Stirring: room 4 g template Sol-gel Bioglass Chen et al., ethanol water temperature, 3 DDA; 100 mL uses the nanoparticles 2019 mixture, TEOS, hours ethanol-water DDA have a TEP, CN, DW Drying: room mixture (1:4); 16 template monodisperse temperature, 24 mL TEOS; 1.22 d spherical hours mL TEP; 3.39 g shape with a Sintering: 650oC, 3 CN diameter hours about 800 nm. TEOS, TEP, Storing to form gel: Nitric acid 2 M Sol-gel Bioglass Vuong, B., & water, nitric acid, room temperature, uses the nanoparticles My Thanh, calcium nitrate 3 days P123 have spherical N., 2020 tetrahydrate, Storing the gel: pluronic morphology. pluronic 60℃, 2 days copolymer The pore size copolymer P123 Drying the gel : template and shape are 100oC, 1 day fairly uniform Burning template with pore P123: 700℃, 3 sizes hours 5.5<size< 7 nm. 6 S.Widiyanti et al. RHAZES: Green and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 10, 2020, 01~32 TEOS, calcium Heating rate 9 mL TEOS Sol-gel The pore sizes Luo et al., nitrar tetrahydrate, 1℃/minutes with (99%); 1 g with Cu of the 2020 copper nitrate two isothermal calcium nitrate doping nanobioglass trihydrate, TEP, steps of 300℃ for 1 tertahydrate is in the range ethanol-water hour and 650℃ for (99%); 0.5 g of mixture, BC airgel 5 hours calcium nitrate 9.0<size<11.4 trihydrate (99%); nm. 1 mL TEP (99%); ethanol-water mixture (9:1) TEOS, nitric acid, Heating gel: 14.8 g TEOS; 30 Sol-gel Bioglass Kargozar et TEP, calcium 120oC, 24 hours mL nitric acid with silver nanoparticles al., 2019 nitrate Calcining: 2M; and are fairly tetrahydrate, 700℃, 1 hour fluoride irregular in calcium fluoride, ion doping shape and less silver nitrate than 100 nm in size. Rice husk, Drying: 80℃, 24 HCl 10%; 100 mL Sol-gel Bioglass with Durgalakshmi hydrochloric acid, hours NaOH 24.35%; uses rice uniform et al., 2020 o sodium Sintering : 600 C, husks spherical hydroxide, 4 hours particle shape sodium silicate, and size 25 calcium and nm before phosphorus sintering. precursors 7 S.Widiyanti et al.