ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AEC ASEAN Economic Community CPTPP Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for AEOI Automatic Exchange of Trans-Pacific Partnership Information CSAP Consolidated Strategic Action AETS Agreed Exports Tonnage Plan Scheme DE development expenditure AI artificial intelligence DFIs development financial ALR average lending rate institutions

AMS ASEAN member states DFTZ Digital Free Trade Zone

ARDL Autoregressive Distributed Lag DOSM Department of Statistics ASEAN Association of Southeast Malaysia Asian Nations DPS Demand Promotion Scheme

B40 Bottom 40% households DTAA Double Taxation Avoidance BDA Big Data analytics Agreement

BEPS Base Erosion and Profit DTAP Digital Transformation Shifting Acceleration Programme

BFR Base Finance Rate E&E electrical and electronics

BNM Bank Negara Malaysia ECB European Central Bank

BoE Bank of England ECF Equity Crowdfunding bps basis points ECRL East Cost Rail Link

BR base rate EEC Eastern Economic Corridor

Brexit British exit EMDEs emerging market and developing economies BRIDGe Brokerage Industry Digitisation Group EOI exchange of information

BSAS Bursa Suq Al-Sila’ EOIR Exchange of Information on Request CAT competency, accountability and transparency EPF Employees Provident Fund

CEFs Closed-End Funds ETFs Exchange Traded Funds

CFC Controlled Foreign Corporation ETS Electric Train Service

CGC Credit Guarantee Corporation EU European Union

CGE computable general FBM KLCI FTSE Kuala equilibrium Lumpur Composite Index

CIS Collective Investment Scheme FBM Mid 70 FTSE Bursa Malaysia Mid 70 Index CMAA Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in FDI foreign direct investment Tax Matters Fed US Federal Reserve

CMSA Capital Markets and Services FFB fresh fruit bunches Act FIFA Fédération Internationale de CPI Consumer Price Index Football Association CPO crude palm oil FIs financial institutions ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

FM70 mini FTSE Bursa Malaysia kg kilogramme Mid 70 Index Futures Contract LCR Liquidity Coverage Ratio

FPOL Palm Olein Futures Contract LEAP Leading Entrepreneur Accelerator Platform FSMI2 Fund for Small and Medium Industry 2 LIMA’19 Langkawi International Maritime and Aerospace FTAs Free Trade Agreements Exhibition

FTSE Financial Times Stock LNG liquefied natural gas Exchange LRT3 Light Rail Transit Line 3 GCI Global Competitiveness Index M&E machinery and equipment GDP gross domestic product M40 Middle 40% households GEI Global Entrepreneurship Index Main LR Main Market Listing GIACC National Centre for Requirement Governance, Integrity and Anti-Corruption MCAA CbC Multilateral Competent Authorities Agreement GLCs government-linked companies on Country-by-Country Reporting GNI Gross National Income MCAA CRS Multilateral Competent GNS gross national savings Authorities Agreement on GST Goods and Services Tax Common Reporting Standard

HSR High Speed Rail MDEC Malaysia Digital Economy Corporations IAI Initiative for ASEAN Integration MEEPA Malaysia-European Free Trade Association Economic IBS industrial building system Partnership Agreement

ICM Islamic Capital Market MEF Micro Enterprise Fund

ICT Information and MFRS 9 Malaysia Financial Reporting Communication Technology Standard 9

IDSS Intraday Short Selling MGII Malaysian Government Investment Issues IHLs institutions of higher learning MGS Malaysian Government ILMIA Institute of Labour Market Securities Information and Analysis MIDA Malaysia Investment ILO International Labour Development Authority Organisation MIDF Malaysia Industrial IMF International Monetary Fund Development Finance Berhad

IoT Internet of Things MIPTA Malaysia-Iran Preferential IP Internet Protocol Trade Agreement

IPOs Initial Public Offerings MNCs Multinational Corporations

IR 4.0 Industrial Revolution 4.0 MNEs multinational enterprises

iSSBNT Securities Borrowing and MoF Ministry of Finance Lending Negotiated MoH Ministry of Health Transaction MoHR Ministry of Human Resources REITs Real Estate Investment Trusts

MRT Mass Rapid Transit SC Securities Commission Malaysia MRT3 Mass Rapid Transit Line 3 SDGs Sustainable Development MSMEs micro, small and medium Goals enterprises SMEs small and medium enterprises MyAGE Malaysian Applied General Equilibrium SMR20 Standard Malaysian Rubber 20

NCDs non-communicable diseases SMS Supply Management Scheme

NEF2 New Entrepreneur Fund 2 SOCSO Social Security Organisation

NGOs non-governmental SPED Rural Development Financing-i organisations Scheme

O&G oil and gas SRI Sustainable and Responsible Investment OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and SRR Statutory Reserve Requirement Development SSP Sungai Buloh - Serdang - Putrajaya OER oil extraction rate SST Sales Tax and Service Tax OPIMIS Oil Palm Industry Mechanisation Incentive TEUs twenty-foot equivalent units Scheme TIEA Tax Information Exchange OPR Overnight Policy Rate Agreement

P2P Peer-to-Peer TIMSS Trends in International Mathematics and Science PE Private Equity Study

PETRONAS Petroliam Nasional Berhad TPUB-i Entrepreneur Project Fund-i POs Participating Organisations TVET technical and vocational PPI Producer Price Index education and training

PPP public private partnership UK United Kingdom

PPP purchasing power parity UN United Nations

Q1 first quarter UNICEF United Nations Intenational Q2 second quarter Children’s Emergency Fund

Q3 third quarter US United States

Q4 fourth quarter VC Venture Capital

R&D research and development y-o-y year-on-year

RAPID Refinery and Petrochemical Integrated Development

RBD Refined, Bleached and Deodorised

RCEP Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement