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Economic Outlook for Southeast Asia, China and India 2019 TOWARDS SMART URBAN TRANSPORTATION

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Economic Outlook for Southeast Asia, China and India 2019 TOWARDS SMART URBAN TRANSPORTATION Economic Outlook for Southeast Asia, China and India 2019 TOWARDS SMART URBAN TRANSPORTATION 2019 Economic Outlook for Southeast Asia, China and India 2019 TOWARDS SMART URBAN TRANSPORTATIONversion Preliminary This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the member countries of the OECD or its Development Centre. This document, as well as any data and any map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Please cite this publication as: OECD (2018), Economic Outlook for Southeast Asia, China and India 2019: Towards Smart Urban Transportation, OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/saeo-2019-en ISBN 978-92-64-30768-1 (print) ISBN 978-92-64-30769-8 (pdf) version Annual: Economic Outlook for Southeast Asia, China and India ISSN 2310-1105 (print) ISSN 2310-1113 (online) The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Photo credits: Cover design by Aida Buendia (OECD Development Centre) on the basis of images from Shutterstock.com. PreliminaryCorrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda . © OECD 2018 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgement of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to [email protected]. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at [email protected] or the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at [email protected]. 3 Foreword The Economic Outlook for Southeast Asia, China and India is a biannual publication on Asia’s regional economic growth, development and regional integration processes. This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The It focuses on the economic conditions of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official (ASEAN) member countries (Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, views of the member countries of the OECD or its Development Centre. Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam) and two large economies in the region, China and India. This publication evolved from the Southeast Asian Economic This document, as well as any data and any map included herein, are without prejudice Outlook. Beginning with the first release of the Update in June 2016, the Outlook has become to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international a biannual publication, with the main report released in the fall and its update released frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. the following spring. The Outlook was initially proposed at an informal reflection group on Southeast Asia in 2008 as a follow-up of the Council Meeting at Ministerial level (MCM) in 2007 and was Please cite this publication as: accepted by ministers/senior officials from ASEAN countries at the occasion of the 2nd OECD (2018), Economic Outlook for Southeast Asia, China and India 2019: Towards Smart Urban OECD-Southeast Asia Regional Forum in Bangkok in 2009. The Outlook project was officially Transportation, OECD Publishing, Paris. launched in 2010 and each edition is regularly presented at the occasion of the ASEAN/ https://doi.org/10.1787/saeo-2019-en East Asia Summit. It was included in the OECD’s Southeast Asia Regional Programme (SEARP) at the Steering Group Meeting in Jakarta, Indonesia in March 2015, with its role of providing a horizontal view of activities, identifying emerging trends in the region and ISBN 978-92-64-30768-1 (print) providing a backbone for the different streams of the Programme confirmed at the 2015 ISBN 978-92-64-30769-8 (pdf) MCM. The Outlook serves as a strategic foresight and policyversion dialogue tool for the SEARP and includes summaries of recent developments in the region on issues related to the Annual: Economic Outlook for Southeast Asia, China and India Programme’s six Regional Policy Networks and three Initiatives. ISSN 2310-1105 (print) ISSN 2310-1113 (online) Each edition of the Outlook is comprised of four main parts: a regional economic monitor, structural policy country notes, an overview of recent developments in regional integration, and a thematic focus specific to each year’s report. The 2019 edition of the Outlook focuses on the policy challenges for Emerging Asian countries in improving urban transportation, in particular addressing traffic congestion which is one of the key negative externalities of urban agglomeration. Urban population growth, rising incomes and limited transportation alternatives have all contributed to growing automobile use in the region. Policy options to be considered in improving urban transportation could include the development of efficient public transportation systems, the use of price- based and non-price based policies to affect vehicle ownership and use, the use of new technologies to increase transportation efficiencies, the promotion of flexible working arrangements, and new approaches to urban planning. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in The OECD Development Centre is committed to working alongside governments the West Bank under the terms of international law. of developing and emerging economies and regional actors to identify key areas of intervention in order to address these challenges. The Centre enjoys the full membership Photo credits: Cover design by Aida Buendia (OECD Development Centre) on the basis of images from of three Southeast Asian countries, namely Indonesia, Thailand and Viet Nam, as well Shutterstock.com. as India and China. This project has also benefited from the generous support of other Emerging Asian countries. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda. PreliminaryLike other regional economic outlooks produced by the OECD Development Centre, © OECD 2018 this report was prepared in collaboration with regional partners; the Economic Research You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) and UNESCAP contributed to the 2019 edition. multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable The Outlook also benefited from discussions with the ASEAN Secretariat. The OECD is acknowledgement of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should committed to supporting Asian countries in their efforts to promote economic and social be submitted to [email protected]. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at [email protected] or the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie well-being through rigorous analysis, peer learning and the sharing of best practices. (CFC) at [email protected]. ECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR SOUTHEAST ASIA, CHINA AND INDIA 2019: TOWARDS SMART URBAN TRANSPORTATION © OECD 2018 3 version Preliminary 5 Acknowledgements The Economic Outlook for Southeast Asia, China and India 2018 - Update: Promoting Opportunities in E-commerce was prepared by the Asia Desk of the OECD Development Centre, in co-operation with United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) and the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA). The publication also benefited from discussions with the ASEAN Secretariat. The team was led by Kensuke Tanaka, Head of the Asia Desk and valuable guidance was provided by Mario Pezzini, Director of the OECD Development Centre as well as suggestions by Naoko Ueda, Deputy Director. This volume was drafted by a team composed of Kensuke Tanaka, Prasiwi Ibrahim, Derek Carnegie, Ryan Jacildo, Juita Mohamad, Jingjing Xia, Lurong Chen, and Masato Abe. Jingjing Xia also contributed to statistical work related to this publication and Jihyeon Kim, Jaewon Kim, Fiona Valente and Yuanita Suhud provided useful inputs. Elizabeth Nash, Delphine Grandrieux, Studio Pykha and Aida Buendia turned the manuscript into the publication. The Outlook’s 2018 Update benefited from discussions with OECD Delegations at the Outlook Consultation Group (OCG) meetings in March, September, November 2017 and February 2018 in Paris, led by co-chairs of this consultation group, Ambassador Jong- Won Yoon, Ambassador Ma. Theresa
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