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Download Article (PDF) Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 164 Proceedings of International Scientific and Practical Conference “Russia 2020 - a new reality: economy and society” (ISPCR 2020) Small Innovative Business in Science Cities: Main Problems and Development Prospects Barkovskaya V. Aleksakhina V. LEONOV Moscow Region University of Technology, LEONOV Moscow Region University of Technology, Korolev, Russia, Korolev, Russia, [email protected] [email protected] Daneykin Yu.V. Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Veliky Novgorod, Russia, [email protected] Abstract—In the course of the study, the authors indicated an innovative territories for the development of small business, increase in the importance of creating innovations by small which can directly become a stimulator of scientific and enterprises, taking into account their ability to adapt quickly, technological progress [1, 2]. flexibility, and mobility in comparison with large business. Modern forms of small innovative business are start-ups and It is necessary to understand that the importance of engineering small business. It is noted that innovative activity in innovations in the creation and successful operation of Russia is characterized by weak indicators, and therefore, it is businesses, including small ones, has been increasing recently. small business in science cities that can become an activator of this It is obvious that the most significant innovative projects for the activity. The global epidemic had an extremely negative impact on production of high-tech goods can be implemented in most the state of small innovative business CoVid-19. During its period, cases only by large corporations. However, innovation can be there was a sharp drop in demand and a decrease in the number more than just global [3-6]. Increasingly, there is a tendency to of enterprises. The authors have identified a list of measures to develop innovative products or services specifically by small support small businesses during quarantine measures, but small businesses, for example, in the field of software, Internet businesses need additional sources of development. Statistical technologies, engineering, maintenance of new equipment, etc. reporting made it possible to assess the share of small innovative First of all, this is due to mobility, quick adaptation in the business in the Central Federal District of the country, the costs of market, flexibility, willingness to take risks, motivation, narrow enterprises for innovative activities. Municipal statistics are specialization and striving for scientific and informational presented on the example of the science city of Korolev in the form progress [7-10]. Currently, the main forms of small innovative of an analysis of the dynamics of the number of small enterprises and their turnover. It was noted that until the end of 2019, the business in science cities are start-ups and engineering small number of operating small enterprises remained at approximately business, connecting science and production in an effective the same level, but since the beginning of 2020, there has been a way. decrease. Based on the analysis, the authors were able to identify the main problems of the development of innovative activities of II. PROBLEM STATEMENT small businesses in science cities, taking into account the current Russia possesses a certain innovative and technological situation and determine the promising areas of modern business potential, but at the same time differs in weak science-intensive after the end of quarantine restrictions. One of the ways to solve indicators. In these conditions, science cities become a key the problem of enhancing innovation activity, the authors propose point of innovative growth. One of the main tools for achieving a project of cluster interaction of small innovative enterprises with high rates of small innovative business can be the creation of city-forming corporations and scientific organizations. innovative business centers, consulting organizations, incubators, technology parks, marketing and effective Keywords—development, innovation, science cities, small management centers, conducting complex R&D together with innovative business other enterprises and their cluster interaction, which can I. INTRODUCTION increase the efficiency of the development of this industry. In modern economic realities, small innovative business However, due to the introduction of quarantine restrictions plays an important role in the implementation of the President's in the situation with global epidemic of CoVid-19, small task to further increase labor productivity and the country's innovative businesses in science cities faced a drop in demand gross national product. Let us note the role of science cities as for their products. One could observe a tendency of a sharp Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press B.V. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 42 Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 164 decline in business and innovation activity of small businesses, the need to continue to develop this industry at the level of which in the future will obviously lead to a significant reduction regions and science cities. This fact especially concerns in their number in general. This state of affairs makes it Moscow region, where the most significant science cities for necessary to analyze the state of this industry in the current science-intensive development are concentrated: Korolev, crisis conditions and determine the prospects for its Zhukovsky, Reutov, Dubna, Protvino, etc. development. 11 Moscow 11 III. RESEARCH QUESTIONS 7.3 Currently, measures are being taken to further develop small Tula Region 5.94.7 6.9 innovative businesses. Among them, state support measures can 10.2 Oryol Region 3.9 be distinguished, including reducing the tax burden, providing 3.7 preferential lending, deferring rental payments, suspending 7.2 Moscow Region 4.2 inspections, reducing insurance premiums, etc. Nevertheless, 2.6 13 problems remain, without which it becomes impossible to Lipetsk region 10.6 further develop this industry. 5.1 9.9 Kursk region 5 5.8 IV. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY 5.4 Kaluga region 5.6 The purpose of the study is to identify problems and find 5,3 8.7 ways and measures for the development of small innovative Voronezh region 7.4 business in science cities in relation to the organization of their 6.9 5.7 cluster interaction with other small and large enterprises on the Bryansk region 2.3 2.9 example of the largest science city in Russia Korolev. Belgorod region 10.5 6 9.2 In accordance with this goal, it is important to assess the state of small innovative business in the Russian Federation, in 0 5 10 15 particular, to analyze statistical data on the number of small 2019 2017 2015 enterprises in the Russian Federation as a whole and in the Fig. 1. The share of small innovative enterprises in the context of the subjects specified science city, small business turnover, and its costs for of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation from the total number innovative activities. The designation of modern factors of small enterprises from 2015 to 2019 in % [13] restraining the development of this industry, the determination of the most relevant areas in small business, taking into account The costs of innovative activities of small enterprises in modern economic realities and the formation of prospects for some regions of the Central Federal District of the Russian its development in the post-quarantine period are important in Federation for 2015, 2017, 2019 are distributed as follows (Fig. this study. 2-4). 2500 V. RESEARCH METHODS The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is 2147.9 based on the generalization of the research carried out by 2000 foreign and domestic scientists and economists in the field of small innovative business. In the course of the research, 1526.1 methods of processing statistical data, induction and deduction, 1500 analysis, formalization, graphic representation, tabular method were used. In addition, empirical methods were used, such as forecasting and the method of expert assessments [11, 12]. The 904.1 research results are formulated by the authors on the basis of the 1000 accumulation of scientific and economic literature. Economic 573.1 630.5 indicators are interpreted using the official websites of 467.3 statistical reporting. 500 346.1 102.6 VI. RESULTS 35.8 25 55.9 According to Rosstat data, the share of small innovative 0 enterprises in some subjects of the Central Federal District of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 the Russian Federation is distributed as follows (Fig. 1). 1 – Belgorod region 2 – Bryansk region As you can see, the share of small enterprises operating in 3 – Voronezh region the field of innovation prevails at the end of 2019 in the Lipetsk 4 – Kaluga region region (13%) and in the capital of Russia (11%). Moreover, 5 – Kostroma region 6 – Kursk region since 2015, there has been a growth dynamics of about 30%. 7 – Lipetsk region However, in the Moscow region, the indicators are low and 8 – Moscow region 9 – Oryol region significantly lag behind the city of Moscow, but over the past 10 – Tula region five years, positive dynamics can be observed. In general, small 11 – Moscow innovative enterprises in the regions make up only a small Fig. 2. Costs of small innovative enterprises in the context of subjects of the fraction of the total number of small businesses. This indicates Central Federal District of the Russian Federation in 2015, million rubles [13] 43 Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 164 have increased fourfold, which may indicate a good basis for 600 538.2 the development of small innovative business in large science cities of the region. 482.8 Moving on to analyzing the situation in the studied science city, one should turn to municipal statistics reflecting the 38.5 400 373.3 number of small businesses over the past five years (Fig.
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