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Performance Analysis for Optimization of CDMA 20001X Cellular Mobile Radio Network Ifeagwu E.N

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Performance Analysis for Optimization of CDMA 20001X Cellular Mobile Radio Network Ifeagwu E.N 1 Performance Analysis for Optimization of CDMA 20001X Cellular Mobile Radio Network Ifeagwu E.N. 1,Onoh G.N.2,Alor M.2, Okechukwu N.1 Abstract- Cellular network operators must periodically optimize their networks to accommodate traffic growth and performance degradation. Optimization action after service rollout is to correct the expected errors in network planning and to achieve improved network capacity, enhanced coverage and quality of service. This paper presents the performance analysis for optimizing mobile cellular radio network with respect to the CDMA 20001X. The various ways of ensuring that the radio parameters are maintained at their standard thresholds after the optimization of the network to enhance the network performance are equally presented. The results obtained before and after optimization were simulated . The results obtained during the various models and techniques clearly showed an improvement in the optimized network performance parameters from the non-optimized network. keywords:Optimization,multipathpropagation,bandwidth,walshcodes,CDMA20001x . 1.0 INTRODUCTION Future wireless networks face challenges of Since the invention of radio telegraph in supporting data rates higher than one gigabytes 1895,wireless communication has attracted great per seconds[1]. interest and is now one of the most rapidly Among numerous factors that limit the data rate developing technologies from narrow band voice of wireless communications, multipath communication to broadband multimedia propagation plays an important role[2].In communication. The data rate of wireless wireless communications, the radio signals may communications has been increased dramatically arrive at the receiver through multiple paths from kilobits per seconds to megabits per because of reflections, diffraction and scattering. seconds. However, with increasing demand on This phenomena is called multipath propagation, wireless internet and personal multimedia, the which causes constructive and destructive data rate of wireless communications needs be effects due to signal phase shifting. Channels further expanded. with multipath fading fluctuate randomly, _________________________ resulting in significant degradation of signal 1.Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka,( [email protected]) quality. When the bandwidth of the signal is 2Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, greater than the coherence bandwidth of the Enugu State University of Science and Technology ,ESUT fading channels, different frequency components 2 of the signals experience different fading. This data streams within the bandwidth of operating frequency selective fading may further limit the and the receiver with an antenna array which can data rate of wireless communications. successfully separate the data streams. In this To combat multipath fading, code division way, an increase in data rate through spatial multiple access was developed [3].As a spread multiplexing is achieved. spectrum modulation, CDMA 20001x over Wireless communication technologies have comes multipath fading by transmitting signals basically been developed based on exploring which occupy a wider bandwidth. Even a small new mobile communication frequency bands, portion off this wideband channel undergoes reasonable use of frequency resources and deep fading. The loss of signals can be minimization ,portability and multi-functions of recovered using the rake receiver/maximum mobile stations. The technology of wireless ratio combining[4]. By employing multiple mobile communications with duplex antennas at the transmitter and or receiver in a transmission is one of the fastest expanding in wireless system, the rich scattering channel can the world. The foundation for a widespread be exploited to create a multiplicity of parallel commercial deployment of wireless mobile links over the same radio band. This property communications was laid with the provides multiple input multiple output(MIMO) standardization of the first generation cellular with several advantages including array gain, mobile radio systems in the 1980s. spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing.[5] Unlike the TDMA based second generation Array gain refers to the average increase in the standards, the IS-95 was developed in the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) that results from a USA, employing code division multiple combining of signals from multiple transmit access (CDMA 2000 1X) with Direct receive antenna pairs. The coherent combining Sequence (DS) spectrum spreading, combined may be achieved at the receiver by maximum with FDMA. The origin of CDMA 20001X ratio combining. Array gain improves the system goes back to the beginning of spread robustness to noise, thereby improving the spectrum communications in the first half of coverage of the system. the 20th century. Code Division Multiple By providing the receiver with multiple copies Access (CDMA20001X) is one of the most of the transmitted signal in space MIMO promising medium access technologies for systems achieve space diversity and effectively next generation cellular networks. The mitigate multipath fading thereby improving the primary application of spread spectrum quality and reliability of reception .In a communications was in the development of scattering environment, a transmitter with an secure digital communication systems for antenna array may transmit multiple independent military use. Since the second half of the 20th 3 century, spread spectrum communications Pilot, Synchronous, Paging, Forward Traffic became of great interest also for commercial Channels. Code channels in the Reverse Link applications, including mobile multi-user are; Access, Reverse Traffic Channels. communications. Spread spectrum signals are CDMA 20001X uses spread spectrum concept characterized by their use of bandwidth, which and takes benefit from the process gain to is much greater than the minimum necessary increase the number of users per frequency bandwidth for data transmission [7]. band. There are 8 band classes stipulated in the The spectrum spreading is achieved by using a IS-2000 for the working frequency band of the spreading code that is independent of the CDMA 20001X message and is known to the receiver. The Recently, there has been an increase in demand receiver uses a synchronized replica of the for wide-band services such as video-phones and spreading code to de-spread the received signal videoconferencing over wireless networks. As a allowing recovery of the message. The large result, networks are fast evolving from voice redundancy inherent in spread spectrum signals only networks to multi-service networks is required to overcome interference caused by supporting a heterogeneous mix of services with the nature of the channel, by intentional varying traffic characteristics. Improved disturbances, and by multiple accesses of bandwidth allocation is a key requirement for various users. The exploitation of the spread the viability of next generation cellular spectrum technique to enable multiple users a networks. The challenge comes from efficiently simultaneous access to the channel is called supporting a broad spectrum of services with Code Division Multiple Access CDMA [8]. All different Quality of Service (QOS) requirements CDMA20001X users occupy the same and traffic characteristics. frequency at the same time; the frequency and CDMA20001X offers some unique features such the time are not unique for each user. In as soft handoff and the quelling of fast fading CDMA20001X, coding is used to distinguish through the use of diversity reception, between users. The interference of CDMA equalization, interleaving and RAKE receivers comes mainly from nearby users. CDMA [9]. A unique feature of CDMA20001X is the 20001X physical layer Consist of two channels universal frequency reuse factor which allows of 1.25 MHz-wide, one from Base Station (BS) for mobiles to soft handoff between cells. to Mobile Station (MS) called Forward Link or Traditional cellular systems require a break in Down Link and the other from Mobile Station to communication with its current base station Base Station called Reverse Link or Up Link. prior to making a new connection with the new Each channel made unique by mathematical base station. For analytical purposes, a soft codes. Code channels in the Forward Link are; handoff region and normal region is usually 4 defined. Mobile stations in the soft handoff Beginning with CDMA One this technology is region can be power controlled by two or more developed towards 3G technologies and CDMA base stations, while mobile stations in the 20001X is now one of the IMT-2000 3G normal region are power controlled by the base standards. The CDMA 2000 standards are station in the current cell. During the process of usually implemented technically in two phases. soft handoff, the base stations initially and In the first phase, the CDMA 2000 still adopts independently decode the signal that they the spread spectrum rate of CDMA One, i.e., 1 × receive from the mobile station. The base 1.2288Mbps. A single carrier occupies 1.25MHz stations then send the information to the mobile bandwidth. It adopts DS spread spectrum switching centre which favors the base station technology (DS-CDMA). The CDMA 2000 that receives the highest signal strength. On the system in the first phase is also called CDMA forward link, the mobile station aggregates the 20001X. In the second phase, the spread signals from various base stations. Performance spectrum
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