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Population Genomics of the Viking World
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/703405; this version posted July 17, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Population genomics of the Viking world 2 3 Ashot Margaryan1,2,3*, Daniel Lawson4*, Martin Sikora1*, Fernando Racimo1*, Simon Rasmussen5, Ida 4 Moltke6, Lara Cassidy7, Emil Jørsboe6, Andrés Ingason1,58,59, Mikkel Pedersen1, Thorfinn 5 Korneliussen1, Helene Wilhelmson8,9, Magdalena Buś10, Peter de Barros Damgaard1, Rui 6 Martiniano11, Gabriel Renaud1, Claude Bhérer12, J. Víctor Moreno-Mayar1,13, Anna Fotakis3, Marie 7 Allen10, Martyna Molak14, Enrico Cappellini3, Gabriele Scorrano3, Alexandra Buzhilova15, Allison 8 Fox16, Anders Albrechtsen6, Berit Schütz17, Birgitte Skar18, Caroline Arcini19, Ceri Falys20, Charlotte 9 Hedenstierna Jonson21, Dariusz Błaszczyk22, Denis Pezhemsky15, Gordon Turner-Walker23, Hildur 10 Gestsdóttir24, Inge Lundstrøm3, Ingrid Gustin8, Ingrid Mainland25, Inna Potekhina26, Italo Muntoni27, 11 Jade Cheng1, Jesper Stenderup1, Jilong Ma1, Julie Gibson25, Jüri Peets28, Jörgen Gustafsson29, Katrine 12 Iversen5,64, Linzi Simpson30, Lisa Strand18, Louise Loe31,32, Maeve Sikora33, Marek Florek34, Maria 13 Vretemark35, Mark Redknap36, Monika Bajka37, Tamara Pushkina15, Morten Søvsø38, Natalia 14 Grigoreva39, Tom Christensen40, Ole Kastholm41, Otto Uldum42, Pasquale Favia43, Per Holck44, Raili -
OECD Mining Regions and Cities Case Study: Västerbotten and Norrbotten, Sweden
Policy Highlights OECD Mining Regions and Cities Case Study: Västerbotten and Norrbotten, Sweden @OECD_local 1 Introduction These policy highlights provide a summary of the OECD Mining Regions and Cities Case Study of Västerbotten and Norrbotten. Together both sub-regions form the larger region of Upper Norrland in Sweden. This study is part of an OECD project that has built a platform for knowledge sharing and co-operation on increasing productivity and enhancing the well- being of cities and regions with a specialisation in mining and extractive industries. Sweden's most northern region, Upper Norrland, is one of the most important mining regions in Europe. It is the largest producer of iron ore in Europe providing roughly 90% of the European Union's iron (EU) and also has the largest mineral reserves in the country, containing 9 of the country's 12 active mines. Amongst the two sub-regions, Västerbotten is more densely populated and has a more diversified economy, while Norrbotten is larger in terms of land surface and more specialised in mining, concentrating most of the active mines and production volumes in Sweden. Upper Norrland has the potential to become a global leader in environmentally conscious mining due to a range of competitive advantages. These include: 1) a pool of large mining companies that work closely with research centres and universities on reducing emissions and waste production across the mining value chain; 2) a highly skilled labour force, 3) a stable supply of green energy from hydropower and 4) high quality broadband coverage. Unlocking this potential will allow Sweden and the region to contribute to global climate agendas and the EU's self-sufficiency strategy of raw materials. -
Economic, Social and Territorial Situation of Sweden
DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT B: STRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND TERRITORIAL SITUATION OF SWEDEN NOTE This document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Regional Development. AUTHOR Marek Kołodziejski Policy Department B: Structural and Cohesion Policies European Parliament B-1047 Brussels E-mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL ASSISTANCE Virginija Kelmelytė LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN ABOUT THE PUBLISHER To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe to its monthly newsletter please write to: [email protected] Manuscript completed in May 2013. Brussels, © European Union, 2013. This document is available on the Internet at: www.europarl.europa.eu/studies DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorised, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy. DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT B: STRUCTURAL AND COHESION POLICIES REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND TERRITORIAL SITUATION OF SWEDEN NOTE Abstract This note provides an overview of Sweden, its political, economic and administrative system, together with a description of the European Union support it receives and the Operational Programmes contained in the National Strategic Reference Framework for the period 2007–2013. Special attention is given to the Kiruna municipality and the specific characteristics of the northernmost regions. The note has been prepared in the context of the Committee on Regional Development's delegation to Sweden, 16–18 June 2013. -
The Golden Age of the Swedish Model
1 THE GOLDEN AGE OF THE SWEDISH MODEL The Coherence Between Capital Accumulation and Economic Policy in Sweden in the Early Postwar Period Lennart Erixon Department of Economics Stockholm University October 1996 2 Content Introduction Chapter 1 - Altenative Views of the Swedish Golden Age Chapter 2 - The Swedish Model Chapter 3 - The Swedish Growth Engine 3.1 Raw Material Industry - A Nordic Component of the Swedish Model 3.2 Outward Large Companies in Enginering - An Un-Nordic Component of the Swedish Model 3.2.1 The First Innovation Wave 3.2.2 The Second Innovation Wave 3.2.3 The Early Foreign Orientation of Swedish Companies Chapter 4 - In What Way Are the Leading Industries Leading? 4.1 Shares of Production and Employment in Swedish Manufacturing 4.2 Net-Works and Multipliers 4.3 Wage Leadership 4.4 The Production and Diffusion of Knowledge by Large Engineering Companies 4.4.1 The Fundamental Innovation System 4.4.2 The Regulated Innovation System Chapter 5 - The Performance of the Swedish Model in the Golden Age 5.1 Threats, Opportunities and Reactions I - The Large Engineering Companies 5.2 Threats, Opportunities and Reactions II - The Raw Material Industries Chapter 6 - The Coherence of the Swedish Model 6.1 The Embryo of the Swedish Model 6.2 Economic Policies in the Golden Age 6.2.1 The Early Golden Age 6.2.2 The Late Golden Age 6.2.3 “What´s Good for Volvo is Good Also for Sweden” Chapter 7 - Black Clouds at the Horizon - Tensions in the Swedish Model 3 7.1 Internal Conflicts in the Model 7.2 An Exhaustion of Growth Potentials of the Swedish Model 7.3 The Social Price of Outwardness and Specialization 7.4 Locking-In Effects 7.4.1 The Early Golden Age 7.4.2 The Late Golden Age The Swedish Growth Model - A Summary Literature Tables Introduction 4 The Swedish model seems to be in trouble. -
Regional Variations in Age at First Marriage in Sweden, 1870-1900 Lundh, Christer
Regional Variations in Age at First Marriage in Sweden, 1870-1900 Lundh, Christer 2003 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Lundh, C. (2003). Regional Variations in Age at First Marriage in Sweden, 1870-1900. (Lund Papers in Economic History; No. 85). Department of Economic History, Lund University. Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Lund Papers in Economic History No. 85, 2003 Population Economics Regional Variations in Age at First Marriage in Sweden, 1870 – 1900 Christer Lundh DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC HISTORY, LUND UNIVERSITY Lund Papers in Economic History ISSN 1101-346X ISRN LUSADG-SAEH-P--03/85--SE+15 © The author(s), 2003 Printed by KFS, Lund, Sweden, 2003 Orders of printed single back issues (no. -
Swedish Legal System: an Introduction
THE SWEDISH LEGAL SYSTEM: AN INTRODUCTION Bernard Michael Ortwein II* I. INTRODUCTION Culturally, the Swedish people are less inclined than U.S. citizens to resort to outside sources for help in solving their legal problems. In addition, when they do seek outside assistance they have a history of utilizing arbitration rather than litigation as their primary dispute resolution method.' One Swedish commentator reports that, in the private law area, only "[a]bout 20,000 to 25,000 ordinary civil cases, 15,000 small claims cases and 30,000 family law cases are dealt with by the courts each year.",2 Litigation is more the exception than the rule and, in many ways, is considered the true alternative method of resolving disputes in Sweden. Generally, the Swedish 4 people do not automatically think of seeking legal advice as problems arise. This attitude is fostered to some extent by the way the legal system is designed in Sweden as much as the cultural nature of the population.5 It has been stated that if one were to ask the average Swedish citizen what the "third branch of power" in their government might be, they would most likely reply "the press, the media. No one would think of the Courts. "6 * Professor of Law and Director of Foreign Programs, Suffolk University Law School. The author wishes to thank Deborah Starkman for her valuable assistance. 1. See Ulfe Franke, Arbitration, in SWEDISH LAW IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM 510, 510 (Michael Bogdan ed., 2000). One commentator has suggested that Swedish legislation contained arbitration provisions as early as the Fourteenth Century. -
Forest Management in Sweden Current Practice and Historical Background © Skogsstyrelsen, June 2020
RAPPORT 2020/4 Forest management in Sweden Current practice and historical background © Skogsstyrelsen, June 2020 AUTHORS Jean-Michel Roberge, Swedish Forest Agency Clas Fries, Swedish Forest Agency Erik Normark, Swedish Forest Agency Erland Mårald, Umeå University Anna Sténs, The Popular Movement Archive in Västerbotten Camilla Sandström, Umeå University Johan Sonesson, Forestry Research Institute of Sweden (Skogforsk) Carl Appelqvist, Swedish Forest Agency Tomas Lundmark, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) EDITORS Jean-Michel Roberge Clas Fries PROJEKTLEADER Carl Appelqvist COVER Anlu, Johan Sagmo, Bo Persson GRAFIC PRODUCTION Bo Persson UPPLAGA/EDITION Finns endast som pdf-fil för egen utskrift Only available as a PDF file RAPPORT 2020/4 Contents 1 Preface ______________________________________________________ 5 2 Introduction _________________________________________________ 6 3 Abiotic and biotic conditions ____________________________________ 8 3.1 Abiotic conditions ________________________________________ 8 3.2 Forest vegetation ________________________________________ 10 4 Historical development of forestry ______________________________ 14 4.1 The use of forests as a resource ____________________________ 14 4.1.1 Before 1950__________________________________________ 14 4.1.2 After 1950 ___________________________________________ 22 4.2 Forestland ownership through history________________________ 25 4.3 Environmental issues and biodiversity conservation ____________ 27 4.4 The development of forest policies over -
Downloaded from Brill.Com10/07/2021 01:26:44PM This Is an Open Access Chapter Distributed Under the Terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 License
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR HISTORY, CULTURE AND MODERNITY www.history-culture-modernity.org Published by: Uopen Journals Copyright: © The Author(s). Content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence eISSN: 2213-0624 Modernizing the Economic Landscapes of the North Resource Extraction, Town Building and Educational Reform in the Process of Internal Colonization in Swedish Norrbotten Håkan Forsell HCM 3 (2): 195–211 http://doi.org/10.18352/hcm.483 Abstract The article deals with two lines of economic and cultural development of the Swedish Norrbotten as a region subjected to a special exploitation and internal colonial power relations in the decades around 1900. It is in the first place the industrial modernization of basic industries and a modern employment market, which spurred the rapid urbanization of a landscape that previously barely created any urban areas. And second the article deals with the enlargement and the boundaries of the state’s edu- cational territory during the same time-period. The position of the Sámi population in the new educational system that evolved with society’s gradual democratization is discussed within the context of internal colo- nization. Government policies in different areas such as urban planning, infrastructure, education and schooling based themselves in the begin- ning of the twentieth century on discussions of the Sámi’s ‘qualified dis- similarity’, a concept which also was meant to ‘protect’ this group. This was a government-sanctioned differentiation and a cultural segregationist policy to ensure a non-mixing of different societal and economic interests. But even more so, the purpose was to place the Sámi economic activities within cultural parenthesis, isolate the traditional way of life, devalue it and make it immutable and static, severing it from industrial development and the promises and materialization of modernity and progress. -
Mining Regions and Cities Case of Västerbotten and Norrbotten, Sweden OECD Rural Studies
OECD Rural Studies OECD Rural Studies Mining Regions and Cities Case of Västerbotten and Norrbotten, Sweden OECD Rural Studies Sweden’s northern region, Upper Norrland, is one of the most important mining regions in Europe and has the potential to become a global leader in environmentally sustainable mining. With the largest land surface and the lowest population density in Sweden, Upper Norrland contains two sub regions, Västerbotten Mining Regions and Cities and Norrbotten. Both sub regions host the greatest mineral reserves in the country, containing 9 of the country’s 12 active mines and providing 90% of the iron ore in the European Union. Upper Norrland has the potential Case of Västerbotten to become a global leader in environmentally sustainable mining due to its competitive advantages, including a stable green energy supply, high‑quality broadband connection, a pool of large mining companies working closely with universities to reduce the emissions footprint across the mining value chain, and a highly skilled and Norrbotten, Sweden labour force. Yet, the region must overcome a number of bottlenecks to support a sustainable future, including a shrinking workforce, low interaction of local firms with the mining innovation process and an increasing opposition to mining due to socio environmental concerns and land use conflicts. This study identifies how Västerbotten and Norrbotten can build on their competitive advantages and address current and future challenges to support a resilient future through sustainable mining. Mining Regions and Cities Case of Västerbotten and Norrbotten, Sweden PRINT ISBN 978-92-64-56068-0 PDF ISBN 978-92-64-93868-7 9HSTCQE*fgagia+ OECD Rural Studies Mining Regions and Cities Case of Västerbotten and Norrbotten, Sweden This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. -
Agglomeration Forces: a Study of Swedish Cities and Municipalities Since 1800
Julius Probst [email protected] Department of Economic History, Lund University Agglomeration forces: A study of Swedish cities and municipalities since 1800 DRAFT VERSION Abstract Rapid globalization has recently led to a more international economy with global supply chains. Nevertheless, at the national level one can observe that economic production is increasingly concentrated. We focus on the Swedish economy to study these agglomeration forces. Stockholm county increased its population share from 10% to more than 20% during the last century. Based on the Swedish census records, we have detailed population data for all Swedish municipalities and cities from 1800 to 2010 on a decennial basis. Using Zipf’s law and Gibrat’s law as a benchmark, we study the evolution of regional population dynamics from the pre-industrial period until today. We also augment the analysis with geographic variables to analyze the relative importance of first- and second nature geography. Sweden is an interesting case study because it was an extremely poor and rural economy at Europe’s periphery in 1800. It also was a latecomer to the Industrial Revolution. As a result of its low population density, Swedish industrialization was rural in nature, leading to the formation of small and isolated cities. The number of cities more than doubled between 1800 and 2010. A resource boom at the turn of the 19th century and the adoption of electricity a couple of decades later pushed out the frontier. Municipalities in the uninhabited North experienced higher population growth in the late 19th and early 20th century and the Swedish population became more dispersed. -
The Baltic Sea Region the Baltic Sea Region
TTHEHE BBALALTTICIC SSEAEA RREGIONEGION Cultures,Cultures, Politics,Politics, SocietiesSocieties EditorEditor WitoldWitold MaciejewskiMaciejewski A Baltic University Publication The region 9 and its landscapes Charles Westin 1. Regions are human creations of natural units Europe is bounded by seas on three sides; the Arctic basin to the north, the Atlantic to the west and the Mediterranean and Black Sea to the south. Only in the east is Europe attached to the mainland of Asia, although even there the Caspian Sea marks some of the boundary between Europe and Asia. One particular feature that distinguishes Europe from other land masses in general is the interplay between land and sea in the form of inlets from the ocean, moderating the direct contact between the vast stretches of ocean and the vast stretches of continental land mass. The Baltic is one of these inlets. It is our contention that the Baltic drainage area should be seen as a region. “Region” is a concept that is employed when classifying and delineating territory with respect to spatial extension and organisational purpose. Thus regions are human creations for the purpose of analysis, synthesis and planning. The extent and character of a region will depend upon the purpose for which it is created. The number of possible regions is infinite. One might put it that the concept of region is to the social sciences what ecology is to the bio- logical sciences. In defining regions, two classes of criteria are employed: the physical factors of geography, climate or natural resources; and the social phenomena of culture, economics or government. -
Värmland Region Sweden
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Directorate for Education Education Management and Infrastructure Division Programme on Institutional Management of Higher Education (IMHE) Supporting the Contribution of Higher Education Institutions to Regional Development Peer Review Report: Värmland Region Sweden Frans van Vught, Steve Garlick, Lars Nordström, and Richard Yelland May 2006 The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the OECD or its Member countries. 1 This Peer Review Report is based on the review visit to Värmland in December 2005, the regional Self-Evaluation Report, and other background material. As a result, the report reflects the situation up to that period. The preparation and completion of this report would not have been possible without the support of very many people and organisations. OECD/IMHE and the Peer Review Team for Värmland wish to acknowledge the substantial contribution of the region, particularly through its Co- ordinator, the authors of the Self-Evaluation Report, and its Regional Steering Committee. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE......................................................................................................................................6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...........................................................................................................7 The OECD/IMHE review.......................................................................................................7 The review process.................................................................................................................7