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Seeking Justice in Cambodia Realism
Seeking Justice in Cambodia By Gregory H. Stanton When the Khmer Rouge regime took power in Cambodia in 1975, its leaders hoped to establish a utopian rural communist society without cities, private property or money. They declared a new beginning of history, Year Zero, and a new nation, Democratic Kampuchea. Although they modeled their revolution on the Soviet Union under Stalin and China under Mao Tse-Tung, they believed those regimes had not gone far enough, fast enough in killing class enemies. The Khmer Rouge also eschewed the cults of personality established by Stalin and Mao. Instead the secretive Khmer Rouge power elite named themselves the Angkar, the organization, and claimed absolute obedience from every Kampuchean. Religion and worship were abolished. Buddhist monks were disrobed and often killed. Muslim Chams and the few Christians were murdered at a rate much higher than ordinary Kampucheans. Vietnamese Cambodians were forced to flee to Vietnam until 1977, when the border was closed and the remaining Vietnamese were murdered. Minority ethnic groups were forced to live in Khmer-speaking communes, and forbidden to speak their languages and practice their customs. The Khmer Rouge systematically stripped rural communes of the rice they produced in order to trade it to China for weapons and machines. They substituted traditional herbal treatments for scientific “foreign” medicine and neither manufactured nor imported modern antibiotics. “New people” originally from the cities were declared to be class enemies and were literally worked to death. By 1977, the failures of the Kampuchean economy were blamed on enemies within the Communist party, and purges began all over the country. -
Cambodia: Human Rights Before and After the Elections
May 1993 Vol.5 No.10 CAMBODIA: HUMAN RIGHTS BEFORE AND AFTER THE ELECTIONS I. INTRODUCTION Cambodians will go to the polls on May 23 in an atmosphere of political and ethnic violence and renewed civil war. The elections are the culmination of a 17-month United Nations presence, the largest, most ambitious and most expensive peace-keeping effort ever, which was supposed to bring about an end to the conflict. Instead, Cambodia is faced with as much fighting as when the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) entered the country in March 1992, and a spiralling level of serious human rights abuses. The "neutral political environment" that was supposed to be the precondition for elections is entirely absent. The five permanent members of the Security Council and other drafters of the 1991 Paris peace accords, formally known as the Agreements on a Comprehensive Political Settlement of the Cambodia Conflict, are determined to go ahead with the elections regardless. But what happens on May 23 is almost less important than what happens in the days after the results are announced. Asia Watch believes that an analysis of the missteps that led to the current human rights situation is critically important to determining how, or perhaps whether, human rights of Cambodians can be protected under whatever government comes to power then. The reasons for the deterioration in the human rights situation in late 1992 and early 1993 are complex. None of the parties to the conflict has a history of respect for human rights and one, Democratic Kampuchea, better known as the Khmer Rouge, has one of the worst human rights records in modern history. -
Resource Enhancement and Sustainable Aquaculture Practices in Southeast Asia 2014 (RESA)
Challenges in Responsible Production of Aquatic Species Proceedings of the International Workshop on Resource Enhancement and Sustainable Aquaculture Practices in Southeast Asia 2014 (RESA) Maria Rowena R. Romana-Eguia Fe D. Parado-Estepa Nerissa D. Salayo Ma. Junemie Hazel Lebata-Ramos Editors Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center AQUACULTURE DEPARTMENT Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines www.seafdec.org.ph Challenges in Responsible Production of Aquatic Species Proceedings of the International Workshop on Resource Enhancement and Sustainable Aquaculture Practices in Southeast Asia 2014 (RESA) August 2015 ISBN: 978-971-9931-04-1 Copyright © 2015 Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center Aquaculture Department Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without the permission in writing from the publisher. For inquiries SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department Tigbauan 5021, Iloilo, Philippines Tel (63-33) 330 7030; Fax (63-33) 330 7031 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.seafdec.org.ph On the cover Logo design courtesy of Mr. Demy D. Catedral of SEAFDEC/AQD International Workshop on Resource Enhancement and Sustainable Aquaculture Practices in Southeast Asia (2014: Iloilo City, Philippines). Resource enhancement and sustainable aquaculture practices in Southeast Asia: challenges in responsible production of aquatic species : proceedings of the international workshop on resource enhancement and sustainable aquaculture practices in Southeast Asia 2014 (RESA) / Maria Rowena R. Romana-Eguia, Fe D. Parado-Estepa, Nerissa D. Salayo, Ma. Junemie Hazel L. Ramos, editors. -- Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines : Aquaculture Dept., Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2015, ©2015. -
Khmer-Kampuchea Krom, Montagnards, Land Claims, Religious Persecution, Excessive Violence and Torture, Arbitrary Arrests, Forced Repatriation
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) Submission to the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Universal Periodic Review: Cambodia Executive summary: Indigenous peoples, Khmer-Kampuchea Krom, Montagnards, land claims, religious persecution, excessive violence and torture, arbitrary arrests, forced repatriation. Khmer-Kampuchea Krom 5 1. Introduction The Khmers from Kampuchea-Krom, also known as Khmer Krom, are an indigenous people comprising a majority in Cambodia. There is also a significant population of Khmers living in the Mekong River delta region of Viet Nam. 10 Despite regional ties and a close relationship fostered with the peoples living in Cambodia, the territory of the Khmer Krom was incorporated into Viet Nam, rather than Cambodia. As a result, the Khmer Krom peoples are viewed in Viet Nam as Khmer and in Cambodia as Vietnamese. In addition, under the Presidency of Ngo Dinh Diem (1955 – 1963) all Khmer names were changed into Vietnamese, forever altering Khmer identity. The Khmer continue 15 to face persecution in Cambodia because of the assumption of their “foreignness”, despite their ancestral ties to Cambodia. Forced repatriations of Khmer, which are often simply deportations as many Khmer have been living within Cambodia for several generations, to Viet Nam by the Cambodian government are commonplace. The Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Foundation (KKF) is an international organisation dedicated 20 to the defence of the fundamental rights and the cultural legacy of the Khmer Krom. The Federation has been a Member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) since 2001. 2. Land Rights Claims 25 During 2007, some 150,000 Cambodians, including over 20,000 residents around Phnom Penh's Boeung Kak Lake, were forcibly evicted and lost land, homes and livelihoods following land disputes and land grabbing. -
Indigenous Cultures of Southeast Asia: Language, Religion & Sociopolitical Issues
Indigenous Cultures of Southeast Asia: Language, Religion & Sociopolitical Issues Eric Kendrick Georgia Perimeter College Indigenous vs. Minorities • Indigenous groups are minorities • Not all minorities are indigenous . e.g. Chinese in SE Asia Hmong, Hà Giang Province, Northeast Vietnam No Definitive Definition Exists • Historical ties to a particular territory • Cultural distinctiveness from other groups • Vulnerable to exploitation and marginalization by colonizers or dominant ethnic groups • The right to self-Identification Scope • 70+ countries • 300 - 350 million (6%) • 4,000 – 5,000 distinct peoples • Few dozen to several hundred thousand Some significantly exposed to colonizing or expansionary activities Others comparatively isolated from external or modern influence Post-Colonial Developments • Modern society has encroached on territory, diminishing languages & cultures • Many have become assimilated or urbanized Categories • Pastoralists – Herd animals for food, clothing, shelter, trade – Nomadic or Semi-nomadic – Common in Africa • Hunter-Gatherers – Game, fish, birds, insects, fruits – Medicine, stimulants, poison – Common in Amazon • Farmers – Small scale, nothing left for trade – Supplemented with hunting, fishing, gathering – Highlands of South America Commonly-known Examples • Native Americans (Canada – First Nations people) • Inuit (Eskimos) • Native Hawaiians • Maori (New Zealand) • Aborigines (Australia) Indigenous Peoples Southeast Asia Mainland SE Asia (Indochina) • Vietnam – 53 / 10 M (14%) • Cambodia – 24 / 197,000 -
A STUDY of the NAMES of MONUMENTS in ANGKOR (Cambodia)
A STUDY OF THE NAMES OF MONUMENTS IN ANGKOR (Cambodia) NHIM Sotheavin Sophia Asia Center for Research and Human Development, Sophia University Introduction This article aims at clarifying the concept of Khmer culture by specifically explaining the meanings of the names of the monuments in Angkor, names that have existed within the Khmer cultural community.1 Many works on Angkor history have been researched in different fields, such as the evolution of arts and architecture, through a systematic analysis of monuments and archaeological excavation analysis, and the most crucial are based on Cambodian epigraphy. My work however is meant to shed light on Angkor cultural history by studying the names of the monuments, and I intend to do so by searching for the original names that are found in ancient and middle period inscriptions, as well as those appearing in the oral tradition. This study also seeks to undertake a thorough verification of the condition and shape of the monuments, as well as the mode of affixation of names for them by the local inhabitants. I also wish to focus on certain crucial errors, as well as the insufficiency of earlier studies on the subject. To begin with, the books written in foreign languages often have mistakes in the vocabulary involved in the etymology of Khmer temples. Some researchers are not very familiar with the Khmer language, and besides, they might not have visited the site very often, or possibly also they did not pay too much attention to the oral tradition related to these ruins, a tradition that might be known to the village elders. -
Ethnicity, Violence, and Khmer-Vietnamese Relations: the Signicance of the Lower Mekong Delta, 1757–1954
The Journal of Asian Studies http://journals.cambridge.org/JAS Additional services for The Journal of Asian Studies: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here Ethnicity, Violence, and Khmer-Vietnamese Relations: The Signicance of the Lower Mekong Delta, 1757–1954 Shawn McHale The Journal of Asian Studies / Volume 72 / Issue 02 / May 2013, pp 367 - 390 DOI: 10.1017/S0021911813000016, Published online: 19 March 2013 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0021911813000016 How to cite this article: Shawn McHale (2013). Ethnicity, Violence, and Khmer-Vietnamese Relations: The Signicance of the Lower Mekong Delta, 1757–1954. The Journal of Asian Studies, 72, pp 367-390 doi:10.1017/S0021911813000016 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/JAS, IP address: 128.164.150.96 on 16 Sep 2013 The Journal of Asian Studies Vol. 72, No. 2 (May) 2013: 367–390. © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc., 2013 doi:10.1017/S0021911813000016 Ethnicity, Violence, and Khmer-Vietnamese Relations: The Significance of the Lower Mekong Delta, 1757–1954 SHAWN MCHALE This essay argues that to understand twentieth-century Khmer-Vietnamese ethnic antag- onism, the contest for the lower Mekong Delta (in today’s Vietnam) since the mid- eighteenth century has been key. It argues, however, that while this pre-1945 background can explain antagonism, it cannot sufficiently explain the violence between Khmer and Vietnamese that occurred after 1945. For that, the First Indochina War (1945–54) and decolonization marked a turning point. This period saw the creation of a dynamic of vio- lence between Khmer and Vietnamese that hardened ethnic antagonisms, shaped the character of the war, and affected arguments over sovereignty. -
Ethnic Minorities, Government Policies, and Foreign Relations 1
Ethnic Minorities, Government Policies, and Foreign Relations 1 Ethnic Minorities, Government Policies, and Foreign Relations The Ethnic Chinese in Vietnam and Ethnic Vietnamese in Cambodia Ramses Amer ASIA PAPER June 2014 Ethnic Minorities, Government Policies, and Foreign Relations: The Ethnic Chinese in Vietnam and Ethnic Vietnamese in Cambodia Ramses Amer Institute for Security and Development Policy Västra Finnbodavägen 2, 131 30 Stockholm-Nacka, Sweden www.isdp.eu Ethnic Minorities, Government Policies, and Foreign Relations: The Ethnic Chinese in Vietnam and the Ethnic Vietnamese in Cambodia is an Asia Paper published by the Institute for Security and Development Policy. The Asia Papers Series is the Occasional Paper series of the Institute’s Asia Program, and addresses topical and timely subjects. The Institute is based in Stockholm, Sweden, and cooperates closely with research cent- ers worldwide. Through its Silk Road Studies Program, the Institute runs a joint Trans- atlantic Research and Policy Center with the Central Asia-Caucasus Institute of Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies. The Institute is firmly established as a leading research and policy center, serving a large and diverse com- munity of analysts, scholars, policy-watchers, business leaders, and journalists. It is at the forefront of research on issues of conflict, security, and development. Through its applied research, publications, research cooperation, public lectures, and seminars, it functions as a focal point for academic, policy, and public discussion. The opinions and conclusions expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute for Security and Development Policy or its sponsors. -
Prosecuting Mass Atrocities at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Washington University St. Louis: Open Scholarship Washington University Global Studies Law Review Volume 11 Issue 2 2012 Prosecuting Mass Atrocities at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) Andrew T. Cayley Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_globalstudies Part of the Courts Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Andrew T. Cayley, Prosecuting Mass Atrocities at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC), 11 WASH. U. GLOBAL STUD. L. REV. 445 (2012), https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_globalstudies/vol11/iss2/6 This Speech is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University Global Studies Law Review by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PROSECUTING MASS ATROCITIES AT THE EXTRAORDINARY CHAMBERS IN THE COURTS OF CAMBODIA (ECCC) ANDREW T. CAYLEY I. BACKGROUND You have heard it called the “Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia” or “ECCC.” The official name is a bit of a mouthful, so I will refer to the court by its more commonly used name, which is used to describe the United Nations mission which supports the court, the Khmer Rouge Trials. I am sure that all of you are familiar, at least in outline form, with the tragic modern history of Cambodia. In April 1975, after a bitter five-year civil war, a revolutionary movement led by the Communist Party of Kampuchea—better known as the Khmer Rouge—defeated the U.S.- backed regime of General Lon Nol and seized state power. -
Cambodia, July 2004
Description of document: US Department of State Self Study Guide for Cambodia, July 2004 Requested date: 11-March-2007 Released date: 25-Mar-2010 Posted date: 19-April-2010 Source of document: Freedom of Information Act Office of Information Programs and Services A/GIS/IPS/RL U. S. Department of State Washington, D. C. 20522-8100 Fax: 202-261-8579 Note: This is one of a series of self-study guides for a country or area, prepared for the use of USAID staff assigned to temporary duty in those countries. The guides are designed to allow individuals to familiarize themselves with the country or area in which they will be posted. The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. -
Ggácmnmu Rmhvisambaøkñúgtulakark C M
00314245 E1/8.1 ŪĮйŬď₧şŪ˝˝ņįОď ďij Њ ⅜₤Ĝ ŪĮйņΉ˝℮Ūij GgÁCMnMuC RmHvisamBaØkñúgtulakarkm<úCa Kingdom of Cambodia Nation Religion King Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia Royaume du Cambodge Chambres Extraordinaires au sein des Tribunaux Cambodgiens Nation Religion Roi Β₣ðĄеĕНеĄŪņй⅜ŵřеĠР₣ Trial Chamber Chambre de première instance TRANSCRIPT OF PROCEEDINGS - “DUCH” TRIAL PUBLIC Case File Nº 001/18-07-2007-ECCC/TC 6 April 2009, 0910H Trial Day 4 Before the Judges: For the Civil Parties: NIL Nonn, Presiding HONG Kimsuon Silvia CARTWRIGHT KONG Pisey YA Sokhan TY Srinna Jean-Marc LAVERGNE MOCH Sovannary THOU Mony KIM Mengkhy YOU Ottara (Reserve) Silke STUDZINSKY Claudia FENZ (Reserve) Alain WERNER For the Trial Chamber: Philippe Canonne DUCH Phary SE Kolvuthy LIM Suy-Hong For Court Management Section: Matteo CRIPPA KAUV Keoratanak Natacha WEXELS-RISER For the Office of the Co-Prosecutors: CHEA LEANG Robert PETIT YET Chakriya William SMITH TAN Senarong Alexander BATES Jurgen ASSMANN PAK Chanlino For the Accused Person KAING GUEK EAV KAR Savuth François ROUX Heleyn UÑAC E1/8.1 00314246 Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia Trial Chamber - Trial Day 4 Case No. 001/18-07-2007-ECCC/TC KAING GUEK EAV 6/04/2009 Page i I N D E X THE ACCUSED, Kaing Guek Eav alias Duch Questioning by Judge Lavergne commences ................................................................................ page 26 E1/8.1 00314247 Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia Trial Chamber - Trial Day 4 Case No. 001/18-07-2007-ECCC/TC KAING GUEK EAV 6/04/2009 Page ii List of Speakers: Language used unless specified otherwise in the transcript Speaker Language JUDGE LAVERGNE French MS. -
Tuchman-Rosta Completedissertation Final
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Performance, Practice, and Possibility: How Large Scale Processes Affect the Bodily Economy of Cambodia’s Classical Dancers A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology by Celia Johanna Tuchman-Rosta March 2018 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Sally Ness, Chairperson Dr. Yolanda Moses Dr. Christina Schwenkel Dr. Deborah Wong Copyright by Celia Johanna Tuchman-Rosta 2018 The Dissertation of Celia Johanna Tuchman-Rosta is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside Acknowledgements This dissertation would not have been possible without the help of many inspiring individuals who have taken the time to guide my research and writing in small and large ways and across countries and oceans. To start, I thank Sophiline Cheam Shapiro and John Shapiro, co-founders of Khmer Arts, and Michael Sullivan the former director (and his predecessor Philippe Peycam) at the Center For Khmer Studies who provided the formal letters of affiliation required for me to begin my long-term research in Cambodia. Without them this research would not exist. I also thank all of the individuals who provided access to their organizations without whom I would not have been able to attain the full breadth of data collected: Fred Frumberg and Kang Rithisal at Amrita, Neak Kru Vong Metry at Apsara Art Association, Arn Chorn-Pond and Phloeun Prim at Cambodian Living Arts (and Ieng Sithul and Nop Thyda at the Folk and Classical Dance Class), Horm Bunheng and Chhon Sophearith at the Cambodian Cultural Village, Mam Si Hak at Koulen Restaurant, Ravynn Karet-Coxin at the Preah Ream Buppha Devi Conservatoire (NKF), Annie and Dei Lei at Smile of Angkor, Ouk Sothea at the School of Art, Siem Reap, Mann Kosal at Sovanna Phum, and Bun Thon at Temple Balcony Club.