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GENDER EQUALITY on SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT in RUBAVU DISTRICT, RWANDA a Thesis Presented to the School of Postgraduate Studie

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GENDER EQUALITY on SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT in RUBAVU DISTRICT, RWANDA a Thesis Presented to the School of Postgraduate Studie GENDER EQUALITY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN RUBAVU DISTRICT, RWANDA A Thesis Presented to the School of Postgraduate Studies and Research Kampala International University Kampala, Uganda In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree Master of Arts in Development Studies By: NDAHIRO Etienne Reg. No MADS /41281/91/DF September, 2011 DECLARATION A This Thesis is my original work and has not been presented for any other academic award in any University or Institution of Learning. Sign: ______________________________ NDAHIRO Etienne Date: ~3~1ifi~OH DECLARATION B This is to certify that this work was carried out under my supervisor and ready for submission with my approval Signed: Anyama Ch~.d~I Supervisor Date: d3 L~LJ2O11 II APPROVAL SHEET This thesis entitled “Gender Equality on soclo-economic development in Rubavu district, Rwanda”, prepared and submitted by NDAHIRO Etienne in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a Master of Arts in Development Studies; has been examined and approved by the panel on oral examination. \Dr- ~ V~cc~. 4~ ~:~ Sign. of Chnf~fr~~ Name and Sign of Supervisor Name and Sign. of Panelist ~ c~ L Name and Sign. of Panelist Name and Sign. of Panelist Date of Comprehensive Examination: ______________________ Grade: _____________________ Name and Sign. of Director, SPGSR Name and Sign. of DVC, SPGSR DEDICATION To my parents KALISA Jean Pierre and MUKARUBUGA Schola, To my brothers and my sisters, To my uncles and aunts. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is my great honor to have this opportunity to show gratitude to whoever has helped me in this research. I wish to thank the almighty God for his wonderful plans for me. This work would not have been completed without the support and guidance from various persons. First, I wish to thanks the staff of Kampala International University (KIU), specials all lecturers of Faculty of Social Sciences who gave me invaluable support. I say thank you. Secondly, I wish to extent my gratitude to my supervisor Mr ANYAMA Charles for untiring guidance, for his comments, corrections and suggesting that made this work from the beginning to the end. Thirdly, I would like to thank the Executive Secretary, Director of Administrative of Rubavu district, especially NPATSWENUMUGABO LOLir~1O head a cna~e or gender, family promotion and protection of children and all my respondents for their information and opinions they gave for coming up with this study. Finally, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my family for their financial and moral support. I am indebted my gratitude to my brothers KALISA Callixte, KALISA Aimable, KALISA Ndoli, KALISA Jean de Dieu, NGABO Eric and my sister KALISA Uwera Jeanne d’Arc, KALISA Ingabire Chantal and KALISA Uwingabire Anuarite and. to my friends MAOMBI, RUTAYISIRE, NGIRABABO, FRIEND, MARIANE, FRANK and all classmates for their tireless help. TABLE OF CONTENTS DECL4RATION A DECLARATION B ii APPROVAL SHEET iii DEDICATION iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v TABLE OF CONTENTS vi LIST OFTABLES x LIST OF ACRONYMS xii ABSTRACT xiv CHAPTER ONE 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Background of the study 1 Statement of the problem 3 Purpose of the study 4 Objectives of the study 4 Specific Objectives 4 Research Questions 5 Scope of the study 5 Geographical Scope S Content of the Scope 5 Time Scope 5 Significance of the study 5 Operational Definitions of key Terms 6 vi CHAPTER TWO 8 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 8 Introduction 8 Concepts, Ideas and Opinion from Authors/Experts 8 C. Gender and Socio-Economic development 9 Theoretical Perspectives 10 The value of promoting gender equality on socio—economic indicator 13 The value of promoting gender equality on soda-political indicator 15 Gender as an approach in Rwandan’s development 17 Gender equality perception in development process 18 Related Studies 19 CHAPTER THREE 21 METHODOLOGY 21 Introduction 21 Research Design 21 Research population 21 Sample Size 23 Sample techniques 24 Research instrument 24 Questionnaire 24 Sources of data 25 Primary data 25 Validity and Reliability of the instrument 25 Data gathering procedures 26 Data analysis 27 VII Ethical Considerations 27 Limitations of the study 28 CHAPTER FOUR 29 PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSIONS OF DATA 29 Introduction 29 Identification of the respondents 29 Work experience 33 Gender equality in Rubavu district 33 Gender equality approach in improving socio-economic development of the citizen in Rubavu district 35 Gender equality approach increasing social development 35 Contribution of gender parity in education and literacy 35 Contribution of gender equality in Health Care Services for improving human rights, women rights as well as legal rights 37 Mutual Health/Mutuelle de Sante (MUSA) and Rwznda Heaith Insurance/Rwandaise d’Assurance Maladie (RAMA) icr improving hea~tb stctu~ of people 37 Family planning and Polygamy 39 Gender equality approach for improving economic wellbeing of the citizens 41 Vision 2020 Umurenge Program for increasing populations’ economic status 42 HIMO (Haute Intensive en Main d’Oeuvre) program for increasing 43 COJAD and AGASEKE Cooperatives for improving peoples’ economic 44 Promoting gender equality in socio-political 46 Gender parity in decision-making (Men and Women’s representation on decision-making bodies). 46 Gender equality contribute to peace building during the post genocide period 47 VI,’ Gender parity contribute to restore and maintain security 48 Gender equality’s participation in justice and Gacaca courts 49 Cultural and traditional concerns 51 Gender contribute in resettlement initiatives 53 The major sources of finance used to support gender equality in Rubavu district 54 CHAPTER FIVE 56 SUMMARY OF THE MAJOR FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 56 Introduction 56 Conclusions 58 Recommendations 59 Areas for Further Research 62 REFERENCES 63 APPENDICES APPENDIX I: RESEARCH iNSTRUMENT 67 APPENDIX II: INTERVIEW GUIDE FOR SELECTED RESPONDENTS 74 APPENDIX III: INTRODUCTION LETTER 75 APPENDIX IV: APPOINTMENT LETTER 76 APPENDIX V: ADMINISTRATIVE MAP OF RUBAVU DISTRICT 77 APPENDIX VI: RESEARCHER’S CURRICULUM VITAE (C.V) 78 Ix LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Sample Frame 22 Table 2: Sample Size 23 Table 3: Identification of the respondents 29 Table 4: Academic level 31 Table 5: Position Held 32 Table 6: Work experience 33 Table 7: Opinion of respondent on whether how gender equai~y was extended in Rubavu district Table 8: Opinion of respondent on whether gender pari~ contribute to education and literacy 36 Table 9: Opinion of respondet on whether mutual health insurances (MUSA and RAMA) improved health status 38 Table 10: Opinion of respondent on whether gender equality contributes to increase family planning and reduce polygamy 10 Table 11: Opinion of respondent on whether Vision 2020 Umu~cr0:e Program increasing gender ~quality 42 Table 12: Opinion of research on whether HIMO program increasing citizens’ economic 43 Table 13: Opinion of respondent on whether COJAD and AGASEKE Cooperatives for improving peoples’ economic lives 45 Table 14: Opinion of respondent on whether gender equality is bieng promoted in socio-political 46 Table 15: Opinion of respondent on whether gender equality contribute to peace building 48 x Table 16: Opinion of respondent on whether gender parity contribute to restore and maintain security 49 Table 17: Opinion of respondent on whether gender equality has participated in justice and gacaca courts 50 Table 18: Opinion of respondent on whether gender contribute to socio-cultural (traditional concerns and cultural values system) 52 Table 19: Opinion of respondent of respondent on whether gender contribute to resettlement initiatives 53 xi LIST OF ACRONYMS BPFA Beijing Platform for Action CBO Community Based Organization CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women COJAD Cooperative des Jeunes pour l’Auto-emploi et Developpement CHAMP Community HIV/AIDS Mobilization Program COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa CSO Civil Society Organization CSW Commission on the Status of Women EAC/GCDF East Africa Community! Gender and Community Development Framework EICV Household Living Conditions Survey GMO Gender Monitoring Office HIMO Haute Intensité en Main d’Oeuvre ICT Information and Communication Technology MDGs Millennium Development Goals MIGEPROF Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion MINALOC Ministry of Local Government MINECOFIN Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning MUSA Mutuelle de Sante/Mutual Health NGOs Non Governmental Organizations NGP National Gender Policy NWC National Women Council xl’ NEPAD New Partnership for African Development RAMA Rwandaise Assurance Maladie RWAMIREC Rwanda Mainstreaming Response Community SADC Southern Africa Development Community UNDP United Nations Development Program UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for Women XIII ABSTRACT This report is a result of an academic research entitled ‘Gender Equality on soclo-economic development in Rubavu district”. It further looks at their involvement in their participation in socio-economic development process. The main purpose of this study was to find out the effort which gender equality have contributed to soclo-economic development in Rubavu district The study was guided by the three research questions. (I) Whet is the level of gender equality in Rubavu district? (ii) Does the value of gender equality promoted in Rubavu district can lead to socio-economic development? (iii) Who are the major financers of gender support in Rubavu district? A sample of 120
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