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Transport Options for the Waimakariri District

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Transport Options for the Waimakariri District Demand for Rail: transport options for the Waimakariri District ___________________________________________ A thesis Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Geography in the University of Canterbury by L.O. Versteeg ____________________ University of Canterbury 2006 Table of Contents Abstract.......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Aims and Objectives ............................................................................................... 4 2.1 Maintaining Accessibility and Mobility................................................................ 8 2.11 Efficient Transport Networks ............................................................................. 8 2.12 Transport and Urban Development..................................................................... 9 2.13 The Road Lobby ............................................................................................... 11 2.14 Changing Transport Policies............................................................................. 11 2.2 Sustainable Transportation.................................................................................. 12 2.21 Global Trends.................................................................................................... 12 2.22 Congested Networks ......................................................................................... 14 2.3 Public Transport ................................................................................................... 15 2.31 Public versus Private Transport ........................................................................ 15 2.32 Successful Public Transport.............................................................................. 15 2.33 Public Transport as a Tool ................................................................................ 18 2.34 Evaluating Rail.................................................................................................. 19 3.1 The State of Public Transport ............................................................................. 22 3.11 New Zealand’s Public Transport History ......................................................... 22 3.13 National Rail Strategy....................................................................................... 26 3.13 The Cost of Transport in New Zealand............................................................. 26 3.2 Canterbury ............................................................................................................ 28 3.21 The Greater Christchurch Urban Development Strategy.................................. 28 3.22 Existing Public Transport Services and Infrastructure ..................................... 31 3.23 Regional Land Transport Strategies.................................................................. 32 3.3 The Waimakariri District..................................................................................... 33 3.31 Description of Study Area ................................................................................ 33 3.33 The Potential of Rail ......................................................................................... 35 3.34 Summary of Stakeholders Involved.................................................................. 41 4.1 Geographic Information Systems application.................................................... 43 4.11 Recreating the Study Area ................................................................................ 43 4.12 Selecting scenarios for analysis ........................................................................ 43 4.13 Managing Data.................................................................................................. 45 4.14 Supply and Demand Populations...................................................................... 46 4.15 Querying the Data with SQL ............................................................................ 49 4.2 Surveys Conducted ............................................................................................... 50 4.21 Written survey................................................................................................... 50 4.22 Phone Survey .................................................................................................... 51 4.23 Focus Groups .................................................................................................... 52 4.3 Infrastructure Assessment ................................................................................... 52 4.31 Rail Workshop and Charters............................................................................. 52 5.11 Results from brochure survey ........................................................................... 55 5.12 Results from phone survey................................................................................ 55 5.13 Response from focus groups............................................................................. 57 5.2 Passenger service for the journey to work.......................................................... 58 5.21 Journeys feasibly made by rail.......................................................................... 58 5.22 Integration of additional and existing services ................................................. 67 6.1 Benefits of Passenger Rail for the Waimakariri District .................................. 71 6.11 Maintaining Accessibility ................................................................................. 71 6.12 Urban Growth ................................................................................................... 75 6.13 Transport Equity ............................................................................................... 76 6.2 Feasibility of Passenger Rail for the Waimakariri District .............................. 78 6.21 National and Regional Stances ......................................................................... 78 6.22 Limitations of Methodology ............................................................................. 81 6.24 Current Limitations of Infrastructure................................................................ 86 6.3 Options for the future........................................................................................... 88 6.31 The cost of upgrading ....................................................................................... 88 6.32 The Alternatives to Rail.................................................................................... 89 7.1 Overall aims concluded ........................................................................................ 92 7.11 Review the international literature on efficient and sustainable transport........ 92 7.12 Review of transport strategies........................................................................... 92 7.2 Recommendations for Waimakariri District Transport Options .................... 93 7.3 Future Planning/Investment ................................................................................ 94 Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................... 95 References.................................................................................................................... 96 Appendices................................................................................................................. 102 List of Tables 3.0 Land Transport in New Zealand Table 3.1 Land Transport New Zealand funding allocations 24 Table 3.2 Summary of Surface Transport Costs & Charges main findings 28 Table 3.3 Total capital cost estimates for rail options 36 5.0 Results Table 5.1 Journeys from Rangiora & Kaiapoi to within 500m of 68 Orbiter and Cashmere bus routes Table 5.2 Journeys from the Waimakariri District that could be made 69 By public transport Table 5.3 Potential patronage based on Waimakariri District population growth 69 (journeys per day) 6.0 Discussion Table 6.1 Costs for return car journeys from Rangiora and Kaiapoi 77 Table 6.2 Potential revenue generated using possible patronage figures and fares 88 List of Figures 3.0 Land Transport in New Zealand Figure 3.1 Structure of New Zealand’s transport sector 24 Figure 3.2 Urban Development Strategy Option A: Consolidated 30 Figure 3.3 Urban Development Strategy Option C: Dispersed 30 Figure 3.4 Map showing the Waimakariri District 34 Figure 3.5 Rangiora Bus timetable 35 Figure 3.6 Layout of Canterbury’s Rail Network displaying distances, 37 number of tracks and signalling systems. Figure 3.7 Termination, or junction of Main North, Main South and 38 Midland Lines at Addington Station Figure 3.8 Area of chronic congestion through Belfast and immediately 40 South of Waimakariri River 4.0 Methodology Figure 4.1 Locations of proposed stations 44 Figure 4.2 1km railway station buffers capturing Population Weighted Centroids 47 Figure 4.3 500m buffer of bus routes within 500m of identified stations 48 showing PWC selected Figure 4.4 Microsoft Access query 49 5.0 Results Figure 5.1 Number of Waimakariri District residents in employment per CAU 59 Figure 5.2 Number of Waimakariri District residents working within 60 individual CAUs for Christchurch Figure 5.3 From within 1km of Rangiora Station to within 1km of 61 identified Kaiapoi and Christchurch Stations. Figure 5.4 Journeys from within 2km of Rangiora
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