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Milledgeville and Baldwin County

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Milledgeville and Baldwin County HISTORY STORIES OF MILLEDGEVILLE AND BALDWIN COUNTY OF THIS FIRST EDITION OF THE HISTORY OF MILLEDGEVILLE AND BALDWIN COUNTY THREE HUNDRED COPIES HAVE BEEN PRINTED Other books by the same author SIDNEY LANIER AT OGLETHORPE UNIVERSITY THE ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF THE OLD GOVERNORS' MANSION History Stories of Milledgeville and Baldwin County LEOLA SELMAN BEESON The most important history for any community is its own past, not that of far countries or ancient times. Dr. E. Merton Coulter. TUE J. w. BURKE COMPANY MACON, GEORGIA 1 943 COPYRIGHT, 1943 by LEOLA SELMAN BEESON ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Dedicated to Miss KATHERINE Scorr, Associate Professor of English at the Georgia State College for Women, A teacher of youth, A lover of poetry, Regent of the lVancy Hart Chapter, Daughters of the American Re'Volution, and to THE SCHOOL CHILDREN OF MILLEDGVILLE AND BALDWIN COUNTY. PREFACE There is a saying that the world progresses on the fee~ of little children. The writer thinks this saying is true. Children's active minds begin early to inquire into historical facts even, and when they meet indifference or ignorance on the part of their elders, they keep on asking until their minds are satisfied. It is because school children continually come and ask about the historic sites which have been marked in this county, that these history stories are presented to them. The stories began to develop in the long ago when the writer was President of The Federated Clubs of Baldwin. County, and with her club members would go twice a year, to every one·of the sixteen schools of the County, and present programs of song and literature and history. That was before the present generation of school children was born, and before the consolidation of schools. Many of the stories have appeared in current newspapers and some of them, in consolidated form, have figured in club reports; for during thirty-nine consecutive years the writer was an officer in her Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution and for two successive years in the United Daughters of the Confederacy, she won for Georgia, the national prize, The Jeanne Fox Weinman trophy· for history work in the public schools. Also, in another year, she won for her Chapter, the Charles J. Haden cup for marking the most historic site in the State. In her Chapter of The Daughters of the American Colonists, she had the honor of doing the historical work for the DeSoto marker erected at Hawkinsville, Georgia, by the Daughters of · the American Colonists, The Daughters of the American Revo­ lution, and the United States Daughters of 1812. She has done the history study and planned for the erection of ten historical markers in Georgia and has written the in­ scriptions for twelve; and it is this work which has resulted in the assembling of these stories. This is told merely to show a continued interest on the part of the wr~ter in the history of the State and the town and the County in which she lives. (ix) It must here be confessed to the children that the rich field of the history of Milledgeville, the old capital of the State of Georgia, for more than sixty years, with these stories added to many others, has scarcely been scratched. A second reason for writing the stories is that school hoys and girls seldom and almost never have access to old National and State historical records or to old Law Books or files of old news­ papers which contain the source material for the stories. Still another reason may be an undeserved compliment received last year when the writer was asked to speak on Robert E. Lee to the students of the Grammar School of the Georgia Military College. One teacher, Mrs~ Dixon Williams, asked her class of big boys to express their thanks in short notes, which they did in charming manner. One fifteen-year-old boy wrote as follows: "My dear Mrs. B-: I surely did enjoy your talk about Robert E. Lee. I am sure you know more about Robert E. Lee than anybody in Milledgeville." The part the historian plays may be considered small by many, but to the historian herself, there is the feeling that somehow that marker for which she has labored belongs to her. The writer has asked a few friends who have written charm­ ing stories about Milledgeville for permission to include them in this group: They are, Dr. Francis Daniels, Mrs. David Fer­ guson, Dr. E. A. Tigner, Mrs. E. R. Hines, Miss Hallie Smith, and Dr. W. T. Wynne. School boys and girls declare they do not wish to bother with foot notes which older people now demand: so there will be no annotations. However, as great care will be taken, as if refer­ ences figured on every page. The writer deems it a privilege to give these history stories to school boys and girls, and her wish is that every Baldwin County student will find in this series one Chapter, at least, to interest him or her, and that every pupil who is interested will continue the study of history through the college years; for an understanding of past events is essential in any attempt to understand present ones or to foresee coming developments. (x} TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FRONTISPIECE: Fair Milledgeville-Dr. Francis Daniels.................... xiv CHAPTER I-Milledgeville and its Adjacent Land.................................... 1 The Beginnings of History: Old Oconee Town-Echete--Furman Shoals-Rock Landing-Marker-Fort Fidius-Treaty with Creek Indians at Fort Wilkinson-Signatures to Treaty-Marker-Forts in Baldwin County. CHAPTER II-An Ancient Map of Milledgeville.................... -·-·----······-····· 16 Markers: Old Tom's Ford-Fort Winston-Fort Advance-Fort Defiance-Milledgeville Streets named for Patriots by Miss Hallie Claire Smitb-Milledgeville's Lotteries-Masonic Hall~Marker­ The Land Lottery System. CHAPTER III-The Old Capitol ·······-··--··-·······-·············-·········-·--·----·----·····- 34 The Capitol: Marker-General Lafayette's Visit--The Lafayette Badge-The Lafayette Marker-Marker-The First Permanent Capital-Indian Talk at Capitol (by Rev. George White)-Mount Nebo, Home of Governor Mitchell (by Nelle Womack Hines)-Anti­ Tari:ff Convention-The Big Gully-Encampment Hill-The Great Torch Light Procession-Herschel V. Johnson Marker-Three Bronze Markers Destroyed-New Old Capitol Building Dedicated. CHAPTER IV-Milledgeville's Executive Mansions --------····-············-········ 55 Architect of Old Governor's Mansion-The Cupola-The Cline House-Marker at Mansion-Historic Pilgrimages-Marker: Man­ sion Blue Room-Milledgeville and Royalty (by Mrs. David Fer­ guson)-Pageant and History. CHAPTER V-Baldwin County Courthouses and Jails ··---···---·····-·-··········· 74 Marker for Preservers of The Great Seal-Mrs. Nathan Barnett -Nathan Crawford Barnett-Marker at Hillsboro Courthouse Site. CHAPTER VI-The Old Penitentiary Square ·---···-····-··-·--·---------·-··-····-··· 86 The State Penitentiaey Plan (by Dr. E. A. Tigner)-The Two Missionaries in the Penitentiary. CHAPTER VII-Marker for Site. of The Methodist Church.................... 96 The Churches: Camp Creek Baptist Church-Hopewell Church -Gift of the State to Churches. CHAPTER,, VIII-Old Oglethorpe University ···-···-···--·······--···--------·-··········· 101 Marker: Thalian Hall-Sidney Lanier (by Dr. W. T. Wynne)- S. A. E., Eta-Georgia-Marker for Dr. H. D. Allen-Allen Drive­ way Marker. (xi) TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER IX-The Milledgeville State Hospital ...................................... 114 The Thomas Fitzgerald Green Marker-Swint A venue Marker. CHAPTER X-Biographical Sketches .................................................. _........ 118 Jesse Lee-Aaron Burr-Duncan McCrimmon-Samuel Dale­ Major James A. Conally-Sam Ferrell-The Jefferson Davis Me­ morial-Dr. Charles Herty Marker-History in Obituaries-Some Revolutionary Soldiers' Graves-Greene County's 150th Birthday. CHAPTER XI-Milledgeville History found in Attics .............................. 140 Ducking of a Scold (by Judge Iverson L. Harris)--John W. A. Sanford-Richard Blount-Col. Augustus Holmes Kenan-Gov­ ernor Jenkins' Letter to Mrs. Orme--Mrs. Bessie Fair Minor's Gift--Peterson Thweatt, Confedrate Comptroller General-Record of Baldwin Blues-Odds and Ends. CHAPTER XII-Milledgeville's Crown .................... ........... ......................... 17 4 Georgia Military College-Georgia State College for Women. CHAPTER XIII-Epilogue .............................................................................. 179 Moravian Mission at Spring Place--Marker-Red Clay Council Ground-Marker. (xii) HISTORY STORIES OF MILLEDGEVILLE AND BALDWIN COUNTY FAIR MILLEDGEVILLE Fair Milledgeville, proud seat of olden rule In days portentous to our Georgia's fate, We hail thee in deep reverence and awe, For thou hast clasp.ed the college and the school Within a love, which naught can e'er abate. So deep the passion is wherefrom to draw As from a spring, whose waters crystal cool, Well forth with purling soft and delicate. Fair Milledgeville mayst thou forever be The glory of our Georgia and remain Faithful for ever to tihe priceless goals That thy wise founders set of old for thee. Binding thy fate as with a golden chain To thy high service as time forward rolls. Francis Potter Daniels. CHAPTER I MILLEDGEVILLE AND ITS ADJACENT LAND Milledgeville, the county site of Baldwin County, was named for Georgia's distinguished Governor, John Milledge, while the County was named for another distinguished citizen, Abraham Baldwin. The one gave the land for Franklin College, which became the University of Georgia and the other wrote the charter for the University. The Georgia poet, D. G. Bickers described Milledgeville as ac­ curately as he described Savannah, in his poem about the latter city just before the Georgia bi-centennial celebration. It reads as follows: "Before a single stroke of work was done, Foundation dug, or sills laid firm in place, Before a building reared itself in sun Or shade, when there was only open space- The plan of all the town was visioned plain; Each street and square, each park and lot and lane. And now almost two hundred years have passed; We clearly see the wisdom of the plan.
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