MAGAZINE THOMAS E.WATSON, Editor.

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THOMAS E. WATSON . . . Editor ARTHUR S. HOFFMAN . Assistant Editor JOHN DURHAM WATSON Associate Editor C. Q. DE FRANCE . Circulation Manager

RICHARD DUFFY . . Managing Editor TED FLAACKE . . Advertising Manager October, 1906 ¥

Frontispiece, Portrait of William Randolph Hearst Editorials Thomas E. Watson 481-495 At Fifty—It Would be a Noble Charity—The Populists of Missouri— The Money, the Money-Changer and the Politicians— Mr. Bonaparte and the Steel Trust w w The Independence League Charles 0. De France 495 The Life and Times of Andrew Jackson—IV Thomas E. Watson 500 w The Baron's Intended E. V. Lockroy 506 The Singer of the Ache . John G. Neihardt 513 #

The Magic of the Invisible . . George E. Woods 517 The Farmer Landlord Hugh J. Hughes 5i8 A Cure for the Gold Fever ¥ . Alice Louise Lee 522 and Taxation Money 530

The Doctor's Story-Chap. X-XU . . Mary Roberts Rinehart 532 ¥ November .... Florence A. Jones 543 ¥ An Attic Populist Ernest Hollenbeck 545 Life .... Z. S. Hemenway 548 A Great Human Principle ¥ Charles F'ort 549 The Currency Trust-Conclusion Flavius J. Van Vorhis 559 White Magic # .... Henry Fletcher Harris 570 Idealist An Margaret Busbee Shipp 572 The Railway Mail Service David A . Gates 576 i In After Years G. E. W. 58i Alexander Hamilton Stephens Zeno I. Fitzpatrick, .4.5., A.M. 583 Educational Department . Thomas E. Watson 59o The Coronation Eugene C. Dolson 593 Home .... Mrs. Louise H. Miller 594 from the People Letters 604 Books .... Thomas E. Watson 616 Lover's Pleading G. E. Ward 625 The of Other Editors Say 626 News Record .... 62Q An Autumn Leaf . Charles Hanson Towne 637 Along the Firing Line Charles Q. De France 638

Entered as Second-Class Matter, February 16, 1906, at the Post Office at New York N Y under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. Copyright, 1906, in U. S and Great Britain. Published by Tom Watson's Magazine, 121 West 42D Street N Y terms: $1.50 a year; 15 CENTS a number WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST

Independence League Candidate for Governor of New York

(See Article Page 4951 —

WATSON'S MAGAZINE

Vol. V OCTOBER, 1906 No. 4

Editorials

BY THOMAS E. WATSON

At Fifty

THIS is Las Olas—he called it wren and the mocker were never more so, in the indulgence of that plentiful or musical than here. fondness for giving pet names to The ships, in stately procession, pass those things which one especially loves. down from North to South; over He had already grown old when yonder on the distant horizon you see he chanced upon this spot—old and the smoke or the masts of those that rich—and the joyousness of boyhood follow the Gulf Stream from South to had come back to him, and he found North. Thus, upon the one hand, is pleasure in nature and his fellow- the great world and the ocean ; on the man. other hand, there is the island route Peace to his memory!—he was by lake and sound and river—where as golden-hearted a gentleman as traffic flows in safer ways and where ever took a wage-earner by the hand no storm besets the sailor. and called him Brother. Sit here on the wall of the boat- After him I came; and after me house, and gaze southward. A love- will come another—and so runs the lier stretch of water the world does world away. not hold—for the tide is still out and everything is water. A fringe of forest bounding the view southward, A narrow spur of land stretching a thread of brilliant blue marking the from inlet to inlet, forming a ribbon- spear-thrust which the ocean makes like island, closed in upon the east into the brown bosom of the river, by the Atlantic, and on the west by the tossing foam which shows where the quiet streams that drain the the billows from the sea charge home Everglades—such is the place. Ages upon the distant beach; and over all and ages ago the wash of the ocean, the mellow radiance of the sunny met by the wash of the rivers, banked afternoon—for the tide is ebbing now up a ridge of sand, and upon this and the sun is going down. sand nature, in the long run of the All that the ocean could do, this years, planted a jungle; and in the time, has been done—forevermore. tangled mazes of the jungle the deer The outgoing currents drove back the tramped a trail, the wildcat found a lake and the river, mounting over them lair, the raccoon made a home, the both, marching mile after mile land- cougar crouched for squirrels, and the ward, conquering mile after mile rattlesnake multiplied. Waterfowl of of reluctant ground—but the invader all kinds whirled and screamed as could only go so far and no farther, they flew from feeding ground to and he is now sullenly drawing back roosting place; and the red-bird, the into the sea. 481 482 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

Great monsters of the deep followed There is, at least, this much at Las the invading waters as they rolled Olas, and at fifty. toward the Everglades, and many a If one needs rest from turmoil and tragedy that was veiled by the waters strife, one can have it. If Hope does could make you shudder at its story not come to us so often as she used to if the victim could speak of its cruel do, Resignation comes oftener, and fate—but the monsters are drifting stays longer. If Disappointment brings seaward now, and their battle of life as bitter a cup as she ever did, we moves to another field. have at least learned that we need not drink every time we are tempted by Desire. If Ambition is as false a If you glance over the island, you traitor as he ever was, we at least will see that the air is white with know that Duty is a certain guide. butterflies. There are countless thou- If Fame has mocked us with treacher- sands of them. They do not fly from ous flatteries, she has treated us no flower to flower, some one way and worse than she treated the others; some another, hovering aimlessly or and we can, at least, quit following her lighting idly, here and there—as we and be content with the approval of dwellers in the up-country have been the Voice Within. accustomed to see them do. These If the road has been rocky and the butterflies are all drifting in one direc- march has been marked with the blood tion; these butterflies have no mind of one's feet, we can, at least, reflect that to stop; these butterflies neither hover, the soldier always finds it so, and that nor linger, nor dawdle; these butterflies the end of our campaign cannot be go drifting by from North to South as far away. though they had been called by some Thus, after all, one learns philosophy mysterious power, were fastened to at the best of schools, Actual Life. some mysterious purpose, and were the helpless instruments of some mys- terious lord. Who would be a drone in the hive? All day long they have been flying Who would be a deserter from the by, over the jungle, over the beach, fight? Shall trumpets call strong men over the lake, over the sound, over to the fields of human effort, and / the river—obeying some unheard order, play dastard? Shall flags float by, following some unseen leader, answer with brave soldiers marching forth to ing some unfathomable design. the service of Duty, and you play I wonder what it will all be like coward. when the last tide has rolled backward Never, by the splendor of God! to the sea, and its monsters come forth Better the march and the struggle no more—for I am fifty years old, and and the heartbreak of failure than it is the time of the ebbing tide and the selfish refusal to try! the declining sun with me. Better the battle, the good fight, I wonder whether those creations of and the defeat than the craven lurk- the mind which some of us have ing in the rear. thought important are, after all, as Of all worthless, despicable crea- aimless and as fragile and as ephemeral tures under the sun is the man who as these butterflies which go streaming can only eat, propagate and rot; the past, leaving no trace on earth, or sea, venomous coward who hates other or sky—for I am fifty, and I should men because they have been bold like to know whether all this effort where he was timid, strong where he of heart and mind leaves the world was weak, loyal where he was false. brighter and better, or whether we are Of all things contemptible is the just so many butterflies which Yes- man who follows with the hungry eyes of terday did not have, and Tomorrow will jealous rage and hate the bigger, loftier forget. men who marched while he hung back, —;

EDITORIALS BY THOMAS E. WATSON 483

toiled while he looked on, fought while So I thought at twentv. So I think he ran away. at fifty. Give me the man who will live and And I have the scars to show for it. die for his ideals, who will surrender And, like any other soldier of the no righteous position without a right, wars, I am proud of them. who will perish rather than pollute his Let the tide ebb—it must be so; soul by apostasy from Right! let the daylight fade, it must be so Better—a thousand times better!— but this much any poor mortal can the tempest and the shipwreck with do, and should do, Hold aloft, to the such a creed than the inglorious rotting very last, the banner of your creed; at the wharf with any other. fight for it as long as you can stand Better a Waterloo and a glorious and when you go down let it be possible death in the squares of the Old for you to say to those who love you : Guard than worldly pensions and " Lay a sword in my coffin, for I also honors for base betrayal of cause and was a soldier in the great struggle country. for humanitv."

It Would be a Noble Charity

With a liberality which is unparal- Institute, Vanderbilt, Tuskegee and leled in the history of the world pri- dozens of others. White children and vate and public charity is taking charge black children, living amidst towns, of the young people, and preparing cities and villages of the plain, have them to make the future better than nothing to do but to rise up and walk the present or the past. in order to lift themselves from the There never were so many training helpless bed of ignorance, to throw aside schools; there never were so many the crutch of provincial environment. libraries ; there never were such golden But the mountains are ignored. opportunities for boys and girls. In The golden stream passes by through almost every city education not only the valley into the plains. From the opens its doors at the knock of the pinnacles where you would naturally child, but goes into the streets seeking expect to see it wave there flies no the child and leading it to the school- flag of higher education. A more room. Manual training, technical pathetic fact does not disturb the re- training, literary training, special train- flections of the student of present con- ing for religious work, and every other ditions. In the mountains of the Caro- kind of work, is busier shaping human linas, of Georgia, of Tennessee, of Ken- instruments for the upbuilding of tucky, of West Virginia and Old Vir- Christian civilization than at any pre- ginia, the tragic story is the same. vious time in the progress of the human The people in the depths of their pov- race. But there is one singular and erty are left to struggle, unaided, with appalling exception to the rule. The a hereditary ignorance. charity of the American world seems If there be any one portion of the to wash the base of the mountains, and population of the South which deserves to stop there. For some reason which greater charity at the hands of North- cannot be understood the mountain- ern benevolence than any other, it is ous sections of our continent have been the people who live upon our moun- left in almost total neglect. By the tains. They never were slave-holders. hundreds, we have seen libraries offer- They never were Southern aristocrats. ing the literature of the world to the From the beginning they were hardy humblest workers in our cities. By settlers who depended upon their own the dozens, we have seen lavish en- labor for their support, and who never dowments made for such institutions in any way whatsoever asked or as the Chicago University, Hampton received any help from the Govern- —

484 WATSON'S MAGAZINE ment. In the horrible trial of the In that connection, I once more and Civil War these mountaineers, from most earnestly call attention to a school the standpoint of the North, were true near Rome, Ga., where a noble- as steel ; Union men to the core. They hearted woman, almost alone and not only resisted all the fiery appeals unaided, has for many a strenuous of secession eloquence, but when the year been struggling to break the line bugles began to blow and the drums of illiteracy in the mountains of North to beat they threw down the axe and Georgia. I do not know of any person, the spade, or left the plow in the furrow, male or female, who deserves more at while they went forth to fight the bat- the hands of those who are willing to tles of the Union. help in a benevolent work than Martha No better troops followed Sherman Berry, whose active brain mapped out and Thomas, Sheridan and Grant, the plan of her school, whose unfalter- than these loyal mountaineers of the ing courage has braved all discourage- Southern States. What has been their ments, and whose tireless energv has reward? They have been harried and brought it forward thus far, in its harassed, provoked and mistreated by struggle for success. Read her letter a persecuting internal revenue service which follows, and see what an insight which, pretending to serve the Govern- it gives into that little world of hers, ment, was, more than anything else, where so much could be done if she an instrument of oppression in the were properly aided. What she savs hands of the Whisky Trust. here as to the mountain regions of Moreover, the charities of the world, North Georgia is true likewise of the so abundant to the whites of the cities, mountain people of every state of the so lavish to the negroes, has been cold South. of heart and close of fist to the children of the men of the mountains. August 29, 1906. It is a God's pity that it should be Mr. Thomas E. Watson, Thomson, Ga. so. It were a shame for it to remain so. My Dear Mr. Watson : Please pardon In the name of one great portion of our my delay in answering your kind letter population, which has already suffered of August 1 7 , which has been forwarded sorely from the world's lack of sym- and reforwarded to many places before pathy, / implore the attention of such reaching me at home. public benefactors as Andrew Carnegie. I would be so glad to take the boy Let him direct his attention toward that you are interested in, but from the these mountain regions; let him study catalogue you will see that we do not the condition of these people; let him take boys under fifteen; also, they remember how these mountain men rode must be poor country boys who cannot their own horses, carrying tlieir own afford to go to more expensive schools. rifles, paying their own expenses, and We are prepared to take 125, but we dashed upon the British at King's have had to turn away more than 200 Mountain and turned the tide of the applicants for the fall term. I have a Revolutionary War; let him remem- great task before me in raising the $50 ber HOW IN THE NEXT ClVIL WAR THE deficit for these 125 boys. I hope you SAME MEN CONTRIBUTED TO THE UNION will use your influence in interesting ARMIES TENS OF THOUSANDS OF HEROIC anyone that you can in helping me with SOLDIERS, WITHOUT WHOSE PROWESS at least one of these boys. Oh, how I THE BATTLE MIGHT NEVER HAVE BEEN wish Georgia people would help me WON FOR THE GOVERNMENT. it would mean so much to me if I could A few schools, moderately endowed, get Georgians to become annual sub- adopting the plan of having the chil- scribers, so that the great responsibility dren partly work their way through, of raising this deficit would not rest would do more for the future of our entirely upon my efforts, and I could country than any similar amount of solicit aid in the North and elsewhere money spent in any other way. for the enlargement of our plant. ;

EDITORIALS BY THOMAS E. WATSON 485

I wish you would visit us during the Again thanking you for your kind coming year and give the boys a talk, expressions, believe me, for I assure you that you have man)' Sincerely yours, admirers among them. Martha Berry.

The Populists of Missouri

There is a general feeling that the 9. The support of Organized Labor. reformers should get together, some- These planks, as stated, are believed where, somehow, in the near future. in by a majority of the American peo- Those who are discontented with the ple, and if candidly considered and present management of public affairs freed from all party prejudice, they must agree upon a platform of essential would be enacted into statute law. matters, drop minor differences, and Some of them are already in oper- unite for action. A powerful senti- ation in progressive New Zealand and ment to this effect prevails throughout Australia, as well as in some of the the Union. states of Europe, notably Switzerland. The People's Party in Missouri is rep- The arguments have long been made resented by some of the most intelli- the practical operation of these prin- gent leaders we have ever had. The ciples has been shown, and it only re- address which they now propose to put mains for the American people to or- forth seems to me to be as clear-cut a ganize into one party in order to share statement of our leading principles these advantages. as anyone could desire. The pledge Between the big grafters and the which they propose to circulate for plundering manipulating politicians signature is one which any citizen who the rights and liberties of the people is in favor of better laws and better ad- have been sacrificed until great dis- ministration can conscientiously sign. satisfaction exists throughout the In behalf of our readers we present to country; and the people are deter- them this address and the pledge. mined to go "house-cleaning." Encouraged by these _ manifesta- tions, the People's Party have deter- The Platform We Stand On mined to renew their exertions for i. Direct Legislation. reform. Their method of work will be 2. Government Ownership of rail- as follows: roads, telegraph lines, etc., and Munici- 1 st—Associations called Referen- pal Ownership of municipal utilities. dum Clubs to be organized in every 3. The United States Government township and precinct. Members of to issue all money and regulate the clubs will either ratify or amend reso- value thereof. lutions, policies or tickets, nominated 4. The repeal of the present Nation- in conventions, by referendum ballot. al Bank act and the establishment of Result of said ballot to be tabulated by a new system of Postal Savings Banks the officers of the Federated Clubs. to be operated by the Government. 2d—No person holding political Opposition to the monopoly of office, 5. paid by salary or fees, will be al- land, and the adoption of a just sys- lowed to vote by proxy or otherwise, taxing it. tem in such clubs or in convention of such 6. The adoption of the Parcels Post clubs. and Postal systems. Note 3d—Each member to pay a small present system of Post-office 7. The monthly or quarterly due, such dues to censorship to be subject to the made be held m bank by twelve trustees who control of the courts. have some regularly established busi- 8. The election of United States ness, profession or trade, by which senators by direct vote of the people. they make their living, and who will 4S6 WATSON'S MAGAZINE regularly audit the bills, and pay out or corporations, to be used as an the same for campaign expenses. asset to their business 4th—The Secretary of Federation to The Platform We Stand On receive all money handed over to the 1. Direct Legislation. trustees and pay all bills by their 2. Government Ownership of rail- direction. Secretary to be under bond. roads, telegraph lines, etc. , and Munici- 5th—The American Federation of pal Ownership of municipal utilities. Labor, 2,000,000 strong, has been until 3. The United States Government last year a non-partisan organization; to issue all money and regulate the now President Gompers.has advised the value thereof. Federation to enter politics. It has al- 4. The repeal of the present Nation- ways indorsed the planks of the Peo- al Bank act and the establishment of a ple's Party platform. So have the new system of Postal Savings Banks 1,000,000 citizens who voted for the to be operated by the Government. People's Party candidate for the Presi- 5. Opposition to the monopoly of dency in 1892, and gained for him land and the adoption of a just system twenty-two electoral votes. These taxing it. combined forces (2,000,000 from the 6. The adoption of a Parcels Post American Federation of Labor) will and Postal Note systems. make a three million start for 1808. 7. The present system of Post- The various farmers' organizations are office censorship to be made subject also in favor of our principles and the to the control of the courts. platform which embodies them will 8. The election of United States sweep the country, because three- senators by direct vote of the people. fourths of the rest of the people be- 9. The support of Organized Labor. lieve in it; and it is only necessary to / believe in the above principles. support our plan of organization in Name order to win in 1908. P. O. (city or town) County of Pledge to be circulated to get signers R. F. D. Route and to extend the organization: Former politics Sign and mail to THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT Hon. Alexander Del Mar, SHOULD*NOT CONFER ANY OF ITS SOV- President Missouri Federated Popidist

EREIGN POWERS UPON INDIVIDUALS Clubs, Lock Box , St. Louis, Mo.

The Money, the Money-Changer and the Politician

On the last page of the first volume paper than was needed, more gold than of Prescott's "Peru" the reader will local commerce required—hence Pi- find a statement which stimulates zarro and his brother marauders paid thought. The historian says that after one hundred and sixteen dollars for a the Spaniards had unearthed the hid- quire of paper. den hoards of the Incas, had stripped Some of these days, when political temple and shrine, and had flooded education takes the place it deserves in the open market with a swollen current the lives of men; some of these days, of gold, it required twenty-nine thou- when our children are taught the rudi- sand dollars to purchase a common ments of political economy and social horse, seven hundred dollars to buy a ethics instead of being everlastingly bottle of wine, three hundred and fifty crammed with Greek and Latin, the dollars to pay for a pair of boots. This average citizen may come to know a is nothing more than a vivid historical what monkey the monev-changers illustration of the truth that much gold make of him in the carrying out of means cheap gold, just as much wheat their own selfish plans. means cheap wheat.. Pizarro had less Sparta rose to be a state of the first EDITORIALS BY THOMAS E WATSON 487

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class on a currency of iron; Rome be- the wreckage of humanity, more came mistress of the world on legal- cruelty, more suffering, greater loss in tender copper; coined silver did not life and property, louder wails of de- come into use until the Northern bar- spair, deeper curses of class hate, than barian beat down her frontier; gold England had ever known in all the held no place in the coinage till the years of the Napoleonic struggle. imperialism of the Caesars had taken Go read the history of that Tory, its lead in her decline. Allison, and note his admissions of the How did the small island of Britain marvelous vigor and prosperity brought beat down and cage at St. Helena the to all parts of Great Britain—to all mighty Napoleon—master of Conti- classes, to all industries, by the abun- nental Europe? By throwing off the dance of money during the era of war. slavery of metallic money ; by exerting Go read McKenzie, McCarthy, Kneight, as a sovereign the sovereign power of Aubrey, or any other historian of the Government to create money. nineteenth century, and study the Suspending specie payments in 1797, record of widespread ruin after the England poured into the channels of peace—the riots, the pauperism, the trade a hundred millions of her own bankruptcies, the drying-up of the currency—linen and paper—sent her fountains of prosperity everywhere. gold and silver abroad to bribe the What did it? The soul had left the kings of the Coalition; continued to body, the life-blood had been drawn hire them to fight as often as Napoleon from the veins, the currency had been scattered them ; wore him out by sheer pumped out of the irrigation ditches of persistence; sent him to devour his industry by a Government which bent own heart on ableakrockof the Tropics, to the selfish will of the money-changer. and put back on the throne of France Always, everywhere, the money- as rotten a ruler as ever called upon a changer is the same; he wants a cur- people to worship " Me and God." rency he can limit, control, expand at

After Waterloo, what ? The money- his pleasure, contract at his behest, changer had his day. From the time thus ruling values with a rod of iron. that young Rothschild galloped to the So it was in England ; so it was in the coast to speed to London with the first United States. news of the victory and to speculate Fanatics on both sides of the Mason upon it, the bankers entered into their and Dixon line rushed us into civil war. own; and along the march they made Deaf to reason, blind to consequences, from expanded currency to the single they sowed the soil, broadcast, with the standard of gold were strewed more of dragon teeth of armed men which ! — —

488 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

But the money-changer, what of THAT THE GREENBACKS ARC him? He never varies. Call him by to be redeemed m co/n- will, LEGal T£ho£r com- thc what name you Jew or Gentile, he cold and silver of th£ is the identical creature that defiles the const/tut/om and ths temple, trades on the misery of his LAWS ' country, puts greed above the prompt- ings of patriotism or humanity—Christ scourged him from the temple, and Abraham Lincoln said he ought to have his "infernal head shot off." The Government had to live, hence paper money had to be issued. The highest court in the land has" said that the power to create money out of paper was a constitutional grant. But the banker, willing that the soldier who shed his blood for the Union should be paid in paper, never intended that such a currency should be good A^T** enough for himself. Over the indignant protest of Thad Stevens, Congress discriminated against Morgan's spectacles. the soldier, specially favored the banks and declared that the Government's sprang up to drench the land with paper should not be good money when blood. pay-day arrived for the bondholder. What enabled the Union Armies to Good enough to pay the farmer for prevail? Go read the confessions of his wheat, good enough to pay the your Northern financiers and states- manufacturer for his cloth, good men that they could never have sus- enough for the sailor who fought tained the struggle but for Government with Farragut or the trooper who currency which clothed and fed and fought with Grant, it was not good armed and paid the soldiers who fol- enough for the money-changer who lowed Thomas and Meade and Grant. skulked in the rear and speculated Gold, the coward, had run to cover. upon the ruin of his country. The Silver, the poltroon, had hid its head. bondholder must be paid in coin National expenses jumped to one hence the famous "Exception Clause'" million dollars per day, then to two in the Greenback law. Where was the gold to pay it? Having told the world that Govern- Where was the supply of "coin" that ment paper should be inferior to would have sufficed? "coin," Congress could not have been It did not exist. greatly astonished to see such currency Spaulding, Chase, Thad Stevens sink below "coin" in the markets; what did they do in that tremendous and to prove how closely it studies

emergency ? the interests of the capitalist, the They had the Government use its same Congress gave him the right to sovereign power to create money, cut collect the depreciated paper in large loose from dependence upon gold, quantities, and to exchange this paper banked boldly upon the credit of the at par for more bonds! Nation and the patriotism of the peo- Thus went the mighty national ple, flooded the parched fields of in- merry-go-round. Unprivileged mil- dustry with abundant currency, quick- lions of common people used paper ened every energy of the North, the money, every hive of industry hummed East and the West with the life-blood with it, and the banker's vaults of trade, and thus conquered. fattened on bonds. EDITORIALS BY THOMAS E. WATSON 489

"When were the people so completely given over to the bond-grafters?"

The war ends, vast armies are the uttermost parts of the Republic, the disbanded; the soldier is paid off in smaller hoard of metallic currency seven-thirty notes, and the musket is powerless to assume the mastery. is laid aside for the hammer, the Money is abundant, is cheap, is free, trowel, the spade, the axe, the plow. is competitive, is beyond arbitrary The soldier has saved the Union; control. This will never do; the he has been the chief actor in the quantity must be lessened; thus its tragedy; he now steps off the stage value will increase; and, as population and the money-changer begins. The and business increase, the necessities "Exception Clause" has poured into of the industrial world will bring it to his coffers practically the entire visible the feet of the banker. Plain? Of supply of gold and silver. The import course it's plain. If you want to see duties are exacted in "coin," in order it, you see it. that the bondholder's interest could Observe Congress; observe the Sec- be paid in coin, and no capitalist had retary of the Treasury; observe both paid coin for bonds when he got them political parties. At one fell swoop with depreciated paper. Thus the the notes which paid off the army are money-changer has all the bonds and called in and destroyed! As fast as all the coin. clerks can toss them into the furnace, Now what? they are burned—never to be reissued. As long as that mighty reservoir of Year in and year out the deadly paper currency —some two billions or process goes on—the money of the more— sends its irrigating streams to common people being called in and 490 WATSON'S MAGAZINE destroyed, until thirteen hundred mil- of the banker—hence his friendship lions of the paper currency has gone for it. There is not a fair-minded into the fiery furnace. man on this continent who will refuse Is it any wonder that prices sunk, to admit that the Greenbacks would industry famished, bankruptcies mul- circulate just as well if there wasn't tiplied? Is it any marvel that panics a dollar of gold reserve. Redeem the tore their way from ocean to ocean, Greenback? Nobody ever wanted it desolating, destroying? At last, at redeemed until it was found that they last, public indignation spurred Con- could be used to compel an issue of gress to action, and in 1878 the con- bonds. traction of the currency was halted. Hungering for another Presidential The snake was scotched, not killed. nomination, Grover Cleveland at- Wall Street bided its time. "Let tempted to explain his issuance of well enough alone for a while ; Rome $262,000,000 in bonds; and the was not built in a day." foundation upon which he based his So it rested until John Sherman, labored defense is a misstatement by a mere Treasury ruling, set aside a of the law concerning this gold gold reserve of $100,000,000 for the reserve. Mr. Cleveland says, through- redemption of the Greenbacks which out the article in the Saturday Even- had escaped the furnace. What act ing Post, that the act of Congress for of Congress authorized this gold re- the resumption of specie payments serve? None whatever. What law, required the Greenbacks to be "re- what custom, what reason demanded deemed in gold." Time and again it? None whatever. he repeats this statement. I really It was a mere ruling of a subordi- believe that he believes it. nate officer of the Government—an Nevertheless it is untrue. He, a officer who was regarded as peculiarly great New York lawyer, confesses that the agent, representative and willing he did not know this to be the law tool of the Rothschilds of London and of until J. P. Morgan called his attention the money kings of New York. So far to it. Probably it did not suit the as the law was concerned, the reserve purpose of Mr. Morgan to remind him could just as legally have been made of another provision of the same act, of silver. Or it could have been made but when President Cleveland "turned of half gold and half silver. So far as to the statutes and read the section," it the law was concerned, no reserve need is just a little bit queer that he did not have been set apart at all. It was read the entire act. Had he done so, only necessary that the Government he would never have published the should have enough "coin" on hand amazing statement that the Act re- to redeem the Greenback when pre- quired Greenbacks to be redeemed in sented; and as long as the Treasury gold. As plain as print can be, the reports showed that the Government words are that the Greenbacks are to had surplus funds by the millions for be redeemed in coin— legal tender coin the free use of pet banks, nobody was —the gold and silver of the Constitu- likely to doubt its ability to redeem tion and the laws. It was not until that' small remainder of Greenbacks the latter part of 1892 that Congress —to wit, $346,000,000. gave its implied sanction to the Gold A Government vested with the Reserve of John Sherman, by directing power to tax seventy billions of prop- that the issuance of gold certificates erty was never in any danger from should cease when the reserve fell be- three hundred and forty-six millions low the sum which Sherman had arbi- of Greenbacks. The gold reserve an- trarily named. swers no earthly purpose except Even when the lawmaking power to keep that much good money out of did not declare that anything more circulation. Locked up in the Treas- should be done than to stop the issu- ury, it cannot compete with the gold ance of certificates, if Congress had EDITORIALS BY THOMAS E. WATSON 491 thought that other steps were needed, not stay, because of the Carlisle ruling why did not Congress say so? While that "coin" shall mean gold, if Wall Mr. Cleveland was guessing at legis- Street so desires. Endless chain; end- lative intentions why couldn't he have le s power to the money-changer; end- guessed that Congress meant no more less impotence in the Government; than it said? Why was he so anxious endless burden to the taxpayers. to wring out of that statute a meaning Why was it that the Gold Reserve so grateful to his former clients, J. gave us no trouble under Harrison? Pierpont Morgan & Company ? Why was it harmless under Cleveland's But let us concede for the sake of first administration? The true reason argument that Cleveland construed is that " coin " still meant coin; and the the statute as Congress meant it. How scheme for compelling the issue of was he to dispense with the legislative bonds by the endless chain process had power and give to his former clients not been conceived. While Mr. Cleve- the bonds they wanted? There was land was guessing at the meaning of no deficit in the Treasury, there were the act of 1890, why did he not attempt no matured debts which we were un- to discover what Congress meant by able to pay, there was neither war nor directing that after July, 1891, the rumor of war—how was he to start Secretary of the Treasury should "coin about giving to Wall Street those bonds as much of the silver bullion purchased which public opinion vehemently sus- under this Act as may be necessary to pects were promised before election? provide for the redemption of the How was he to dodge Congress, fore- Treasury notes herein provided for"? stall the people, load the taxpayers Was there any legislative meaning in with debt, and give the money-changer these words? Would it be unreason- a heavy mortgage upon the Republic? able to suppose that Congress meant By making a ruling which was brother what it said? If so, the law intended to John Sherman's ruling, both rulings that the silver notes were to be redeemed being lineal descendants of the contrac- by silver coins. Therefore, Mr. Cleve- tion policy which was checked, but land violated the plain letter of the law not slain, in 1878. when he redeemed these notes with By ruling that Governmental notes gold. In vain did Mr. Cleveland seek which were payable in coin should be to find excuse for these bonds. To redeemed in gold only; by surrendering speak of "financial credit" and our to the money-changer the option which "fair fame" is all poppycock when it the law vested in the Government; by is recalled that there was no strain giving to Wall Street both ends of the whatever upon our credit and no financial rope, until he himself cried smirch threatened our "fair fame." out, "My God, Oates—the bankers To say that one improves his credit by " have got the country by the leg! running into debt and mortgaging his Since civilized government was estate, is a theory which only occurs to founded on this earth, when were a a President (a lawyer at that) who people so completely delivered over to takes his knowledge of the statutes from the bond grabbers ? When and where J. P. Morgan. Does France know was a national treasury so looted? anything about financial credit and With a thousand dollars in paper, a fair fame? Has she not been through thousand dollars in gold was pulled out the deep valley amid the thick dark- of the Treasury ; the paper was imme- ness, and again mounted the highlands diately reissued ; it pulled out another where all is light? Consider what thousand dollars in gold; again issued that wonderful people accomplished. it pulled out more gold, until the Gold Hurled to the almost bottomless pit of Reserve cried aloud for succor; where- disaster by the corruptest Government upon a bond issued from the Treasury modern Europe has known; pressed went forth to seek the gold and bring down by German bayonets and by a it back into the Treasury, where it could war indemnity of a billion dollars in 492 WATSON'S MAGAZINE gold—how did she save herself from secretaries to have the remainder of utter ruin? By cutting down the the Greenbacks destroyed. Cleveland hasn't rotten tree of misgovernment ; putting No, no— got the the helm of state into the hands of prac- silver craze, not he. Washington had tical, honest, able men; treating gold it, Hamilton had it, Jefferson had it, and silver as equals; reserving to the Jackson, Benton, Webster, Clay, Cal- Government the option of paying in houn, Lincoln — they all had it— be- either silver or gold as it saw fit , and lieved in the equality of both silver and supplementing metallic money with gold for money. Mr. Cleveland was paper currency. Thus France paid free from that heresy. He believed Germany her billion dollars; thus the that the banker should be allowed " parity" of the two metals was main- to supply the only paper currency, tained; thus her credit and fair fame that the banker should be given the were vindicated. The lesson might < redit of the Government in the shape have been worth something to Mr. of a bond, and upon this bond all paper Cleveland had he been looking for les- money should be issued to the people, sons. But inasmuch as his former who will pay high rates of interest to partner, Stetson, was ready to write get it. The people pay interest on the and witness the contract by which bond, the people pay those taxes which their client, the Morgan firm, was to the holder of the bond is not re- get bonds at a lower figure than they quired to pay, and the people pay the could have bought the bonds of the interest on the currency issued on the little negro country, Jamaica, Cleve- bond. Thus the banker catches 'em land had no time for lessons. Bonds, on all sides, in every direction, going quick, secret, cheap—cheaper than and coming. the bonds of many a New England vil- Instead of a hundred millions in lage! bonds bearing interest and concen- Consider the picture, brethren. trating untaxed wealth in the hands The New York law firm of Cleveland, of a few, why should not the Govern- Stetson & Company; their Wall Street ment issue a hundred million of one- dollar clients, J. Pierpont Morgan & Com- Greenbacks costing nobody any law partners be- interest, circulating among the many, pany ; then one of the comes President and authorizes the messengers of mercy, stimulants to contract, which the other partner industry, advance couriers of progress 5 witnesses, and by which the clients cf Why should the Government abdicate the firm get the bonds! Mr. Cleveland its sovereign function of creating cur- jauntily alludes to Belmont and Mor- rency and delegate that tremendous gan as his "accomplices in crime." power to a class, which will inevitably The words were well chosen. When use it for selfish purposes ? he entered into that secret dicker with You may preach about abuses here the bond syndicate to give them a and wrongs yonder, but until the Gov- profit of ten million eight hundredthou- ernment resumes its sovereign control sand dollars on that first lot of bonds, of the currency and returns to the he was merely taking one more step Constitutional system of the Fathers, in that program of special favors "the leg" of the country will remain which had revealed itself in the deposit, where Cleveland put it — in the hands free of interest, of fifty-nine millions of the bankers. And whenever they of the people's money with the pet want to pull it, the Government is help- bankers , thus lavishing upon the same less. class the sixty millions in premiums But for the unexpected influx of on unmatured bonds; his desperate Klondike and other gold, and the in- struggle to repeal the Sherman silver vention for working low-grade ores, this purchase act; his refusal to allow the country would, in all human proba- Seigniorage silver used; and his re- bility, have been plunged into ruinous peated recommendations through his conditions. Even now prosperity is EDITORIALS BY THOMAS E. WATSON 493 far from being general; and the needs statute, that he repeals a statement to of a just distribution of wealth are that effect through many a weary col- sorely felt. umn in that most respectable vehicle Unsound, unjust, unbalanced, our of high-thought, the Saturday Evening financial situation is a menace which Post. is just as sure to crash down upon the people as the laws of Nature arc to remain in force. Politicians of both the old parties Under our complex commercial sys- complacently assure themselves that tem, where money is the breath of life, the money question is not now an issue. give its control to the banker, and you Roosevelt is sure of it: Bryan de- have made him monarch of all he sur- clares it. Perhaps they are right, but veys—king of the mid and the mine, here is one citizen who still believes the field and the forge, the railroad and that the late Alexander H. Stephens the ship combine, the sea and the land. spoke the truth when he said that "if If he wants a panic he will give you ever the people of this country come one—as in 1893. If he wants prices to to understand the financial system go up, he expands his circulation. If there will be the greatest revolution he wants them to go down, he contracts. the world ever saw." He makes and unmakes governors, Once upon a time the two leading judges, Presidents. He makes and candidates for President of the United unmakes laws. If statutes get in his States agreed in advance that there way, so much the worse for the stat- should be no real, live, dangerous issue utes. between them in that campaign. The And when he takes the trouble to show results were disastrous to the two the President a law which the Presi- candidates. dent had never seen, and tells him that I commend to Messrs. Roosevelt and coin in that law means gold, the dutiful Bryan a study of that historic cam- President becomes so full of the idea paign. that the word "gold" is used in the Its lessons may be repeated

Mr. Bonaparte and the Steel Trust

The relation which exists between years ago the situation became so bad our Government and the Steel Trust that investigations were ordered, and has been, for many years, a subject of the late Admiral Sampson made an disquietude to every citizen who has official report, after the fullest exami- studied the facts. Not only have the nation, to the effect that Carnegie and millionaire owners of those great plants his colleagues had defrauded the Gov- at Pittsburg, Homestead and Bethle- ernment to the extent of $275,000 hem been allowed to fix such tariff regu- upon one battleship alone. Most of lations as gave them an absolute mo- our readers, perhaps, have forgotten nopoly of the home market, but these the "blow-hole" armor scandals which tariff regulations have been framed involved millions of dollars and threat- with such diabolical skill and selfish- ened the integrity of our navy. Few ness that the steel millionaires have of our readers, perhaps, remember how been enabled to sell their goods through- President Cleveland allowed Mr. Car- out the foreign world cheaper than negie to escape with a purely nominal they can be bought here at home. fine, when he and his confederates in Besides, there has been scandal fraud should have been severely pun- upon scandal with reference to frauds ished, and from thenceforth ignored in perpetrated upon the Government by the letting out of Government contracts. the great manufacturers of steel. Some Were our governmental business con- 494 WATSON'S MAGAZINE ducted on the same plane that a private pany has been underbidding the Trust. citizen would do business, no further Consequently the price has steadily dealings would have been had with a been forced downward by healthy com- corporation which was detected in such petition. The Government and the a swindle ; but our Government has its people have been the beneficiaries. pets, its favorites, and no amount of im- Not long ago Secretary Bonaparte position and wrong seems to be able to asked for bids for the armor-plate of break the bonds which exist between it our new battleships. It was supposed and one of these favorites. Therefore that the lowest bidder would get the the great steel combine has pushed for- work. The Steel Trust knew that it ward from year to year in its aggressive would have competition. It was there- demands upon the Government, and fore put upon notice to make its bid as there has never been a session of Con- low as possible. gress in which millions of dollars were The bids are duly made by the Trust not dumped into the treasury of the and by the independent manufacturers. Pennsylvania corporations. Secretary Bonaparte opens these bids A great deal of the clamor for a large and finds that the Steel Trust, greedy navy which has dinned the ears of the as ever, has made its figures too high. public during these latter years can be The Midvale Company makes much the attributed to the hunger of the Steel lowest bid and is, therefore, entitled to Trust for more millions of public money. the work. Most people would have The citizen, in the innocence of his assumed that this ended the matter. heart, believes that our lawmakers are The Government had asked for bids, solely intent upon building a strong stating that the work would go to the navy to guard our coasts and our lowest responsible bidder; competitors colonial possessions; whereas, those entered the contest and made their who have studied the case are keenly bids, with their eyes open to the con- aware of the fact that behind all the sequences; the independent company push for a big navy is the insatiable made a very much lower bid than the

appetite of the Steel Trust. Steel Trust ; and this lowest bidder ex- Some years ago the late Senator Gor- pressed its willingness to make a bond man, who was well known to be one of of any kind to any amount which the the senatorial spokesmen of the cor- Government should prescribe, for the porations, had the hardihood to de- faithful performance of the work with- clare, upon the floor of the Senate, that in the time specified. if Congress refused to vote for addi- Now, a most astonishing thing hap- tional battleships, the Steel Trust would pens. The managers of the Steel Trust suffer in its business. It seems almost hurry to Washington, closet themselves incredible that a senator should have with Secretary Bonaparte, and, when made such a bold, bald, brazen plea for the conference is over, the startling an unscrupulous and rapacious corpora- intelligence is given out that the Gov- tion, yet the record of Senator Gor- ernment will divide the work between man's demand is there to be seen of all the Steel Trust and the independent men. company! But in the course of years* the enor- How can such a deal as this be de- mous profits which the Steel Trust fended ? What power does the Steel Trust made out of Government contracts had have over our Government that it can the natural effect of arousing competi- dictate successively to such Presidents tion. There were other steel manu- as Grover Cleveland, a Democrat, and facturers who wanted some of the Theodore Roosevelt, a Republican? profits. Consequently the Midvale How is it thr.t Carnegie could escape Company, an independent concern, punishment when the ranking admiral began to bid for Government contracts. of the navy convicts him of monu- Year in and year out, for a series of mental fraud; and how is it that Car- about ten years, this independent com- negie's successor, Schwab, can wring —

EDITORIALS BY THOMAS E. WATSON 495

from Roosevelt's Secretary of the Navy teem of the overwhelming majority of one-half of a huge contract after he had his fellow-citizens, whether Democrats, lost in the competitive bidding for that Populists or Republicans; but by his contract? strange conduct in this matter, by his To say nothing of any other aspect of peculiar surrender to the Sted Trust, this very peculiar and very mortifying by his taking away from competition situation, the Government may be sure the just reward which it already had in that it will never again have honest com- its hands, he has forfeited the good petition in the construction of its battle- opinion which would still have been his ships. By taking away from the Midvale had he allowed the Midvale Company Company the legitimate results of its to take the contract which it had won lower bid, the Government has as good under the terms of Mr. Bonaparte's as told the Midvale Company that own advertisement. hereafter it had better pool issues with Suppose the Steel Trust had made the Steel Trust. Therefore, we have the lower bid—does any man believe the amazing spectacle of a Government that Mr. Bonaparte would have given which is pretending to combat and one-half the contract to the Midvale break up the trusts, deliberately turn- Company? ing upon its own tracks and doing that Never in the world. The fact that which stifles competition. the Steel Trust had the effrontery to When Secretary Bonaparte was demand half the work when it had lost chosen for his high position in Mr. all, demonstrates its insolent confidence Roosevelt's Cabinet, he went into office in its mysterious power over the followed by the confidence and the es- Government.

The Independence League

BY CHARLES Q. DE FRANCE

The Ticket GOVERNOR William Randolph Hearst, of New York. LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR—Lewis Stuyvesant Chanler, of Dutchess. SECRETARY OF STATE—John Sibley Whalen, of Monroe. COMPTROLLER—Dr. Charles H. W. Auel, of Buffalo. STATE TREASURER—George A. Fuller, of Jefferson. ATTORNEY-GENERAL—John Ford, of New York. STATE ENGINEER AND SURVEYOR—Frank L. Getman, of Tompkins.

ANEW political party was born Carnegie Hall Tuesday and Wednes- in the Empire State on the day nights and heard its birth cry. 1 2th day of September. What And if one may judge by the intensity, will be its baptismal name, or its nick- earnestness and sincerity of that cry, name during the years of adolescence, the youngster bids fair to grow up a remains to be recorded; but during giant. Even now two senile political the period of gestation its parents parties are "scared out of their boots" called it the "Independence League." by the noise. No one can deny that it is a lusty The mayoralty campaign of 1905 in infant—at least no one who sat in New York City is a matter of history — —a

496 WATSON'S MAGAZINE familiar to our readers. There seems entire state, and the name was changed no doubt in the mind of every unpreju- to the "Independence League," thus diced person cognizant of the facts that giving it a broader field of activity. William Randolph Hearst was elected The work of organizing local branches mayor last fall—and robbed of the of the league has gone forward steadily place by such bare-faced stealing as ever since—and the magnificent state would make a highwayman blush for convention, just closed, is the first his timidity. There was a time, how- inkling the general public has had ever, when public indignation had of how thoroughly the work has been reached a pitch that only a little en- done. couragement would have produced It was such a convention as no New such a psychological state of the public Yorker has ever before seen in his home mind that Hearst would have been state. I have seen similar ones in Ne- seated: the thieves would not have braska and Kansas in the palmy days of dared to brazen it out longer. the People's Party. In fact, the 1,611 But at this moment Mr. Hearst, delegates at Carnegie Hall showed the through his newspapers, began coun- same spirit of independence and deter- seling moderation—and the wave sub- mination that used to characterize sided. It was a manly and consistent old-time Populist conventions. "Re- thing to counsel good order, patience minds me of our Nebraska Populist and exact obedience to law—but it conventions," said I to a Tompkins lost him his seat. He preferred to County delegate, whose guest I was. depend upon statute law and legisla- "Why, they are Populists," he said; tors rather than to take advantage " I used to be a Populist myself." of that "higher law" which in certain However, very few of the 1,611 political crises is just as potent and would be willing to admit as much. has as good sanctions as that "higher Very many good, radical reformers law" which obtains in the matri- in New York think the Western Popu- monial field. lists had horns—whiskers at any rate In an orderly manner he sought and that they believed in repudiation, redress in the courts. He was denied anarchy, and a number of other dis- this and told that the legislature alone reputable things. It's too late trying could help him. He went to the legis- to undeceive them now—and it doesn't lature as directed; the assembly did matter much anyway. The Independ- make an effort—or the pretense of one ence League is not Populist, Demo- to give him an opportunity to ascertain cratic or Republican. "I have said," the truth, for it passed a recount bill, but remarked Mr. Hearst in his speech of the Senate, that bulwark of venality, acceptance, "that my program is not killed it. The excuse was that Mr. Socialism, or radicalism, or extreme Hearst had recourse to quo warranto. of any kind. It is simply American- But quo warranto may be invoked ism." only by the attorney-general, or with That states the case in a nutshell. his consent! And the attorney-gen- And the league does well to start off eral, unlike Don Juan's inamorata, wholly untrammeled by old party, or meant it when he said, "I'll ne'er old third party, traditions. It is a consent." new party, born of the people. Out in Nebraska, in the days when we had a "three-ringed circus"— The mayoralty campaign was con- Democratic, a Silver Republican and ducted under the name "Municipal a Populist state convention all going Ownership League," which had been (in separate halls) in the same city at organized under the direction of Mr. the same time, it was usual to meet at Hearst and his assistants. Imme- 2 p.m. and have the temporary organ- diately after election it was deemed ization effected and preliminary com- wise to extend this league over the mittees appointed before "supper." 3 :

THE INDEPENDENCE LEAGUE 497

Then an adjournment until 8 p.m. he had cleaned out the Democratic When again in session it meant all ring. night—and sometimes until noon the But there was no mistaking the next day before the adjournment sine temper of that convention. Any ap- die. pearance of a fusion deal was resented. But here in New York more leisure Even those who were mildly in favor is accorded the delegates and more of an honorable co-operation with the time to the committees. Two night Democrats, provided the machine sessions of the convention proper, pre- was smashed, were obliged to keep ceded by a long night session of the quiet, so vehement was the demand State Central Committee were required for a straight ticket and no dickering. to complete the work. I was forcibly reminded of the Popu- The Democratic convention is set list National Convention in Sioux Falls, to meet at Buffalo, September 25. 1900, when, against the better judg- During the past three or four weeks ment of Senator Allen and others, we some twenty counties out of twenty - nominated Charles A. Towne for Vice- five met in convention and selected President and tried (and failed) to Hearst delegations to Buffalo. Of cram him down the Democratic throat course, it was a foregone conclusion later at Kansas City. We wanted who would be the nominee of the fusion—but took an undiplomatic Independence League. And, as course to get it. fusion is in the air all over the East, The League Committee was in ses- it was but natural that Mr. Hearst's sion until after 2 a.m. on that memo- supporters in the Democratic Party rial, and finally referred it to the con- should seek an alliance with the vention. And the convention, through League. But knowing that a Demo- its' resolutions committee, replied as cratic (or any other) convention dis- follows likes to have its ticket named (openly, at least) in advance of convention, To Messrs. Norman E. Mack, William J. Norman E. Mack, Democratic National Conners and the delegates, County Chair- men and State Committeemen signing the Committeeman; William J. Conners, memorial addressed to the State Com- and other "up-state" Democrats, mittee of the Independence League. attempted to have the League postpone Gentlemen—The Independence League, making nominations until after the in convention assembled, thanks you for the interest you have manifested, as indicated Buffalo convention. They, together by your memorial, which was received and with numerous delegates, county carefully considered by the State Com- chairmen and state committeemen, mittee and by it referred to this convention. prepared a memorial asking such post- The convention deems it inadvisable to postpone the important business for which placed it in the hands ponement and it has assembled. of the League State Committee. We heartily sympathize with the honest Here is where the leaguers reminded efforts of the Democratic rank and file to convention in the me of the Populists. Everywhere secure control of their interests of good government. cry, went up the "We want a straight We fear that they may be unable to ticket." No dickering with either of overthrow the bosses entrenched in an es- the old parties would be tolerated for a tablished machine and fortified by the minute. power of corrupt corporations. But if the Democratic masses should be It is probable Mr. Hearst's successful in this commendable endeavor, political managers rather wanted a we should be glad to make common cause Democratic indorsement for the with them, and if they should not be suc- cessful we extend our hand in friendship League ticket. It would be quite to them, and invite their support at the natural if they did—for the League has polls of our independent ticket. no official place on the ballot as yet, and its ticket must go on by petition. An afternoon and a night session Besides, if Mr. Hearst could carry the were held Tuesday, August 11. At Buffalo convention, it would mean that the former, Willard A. Glen, of Syra- October, 1906 — 498 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

cuse, was made temporary chairman, had done the trick. It was an ovation and William A. De Ford, of New York, full of significance, so full, in fact, temporary secretary. Chairman Glen's that hostile New York papers were address was filled with keen thrusts obliged to comment upon it. at the bosses, and was heartily ap- The reports of committees took up plauded. I quote: the remainder of the evening. The platform adopted demands a revision The corporations now deal with the of the election laws; a cleaning out of lawmakers through the bosses, for the the insurance and banking depart- political boss is a ventriloquist speaking through the wooden men who represent ments; reorganization of the Railroad him in the legislature. Commission ; searching investigation * * * * * of every department, including the Belmont sits in the executive committee governor's office; the destruction of of the Democratic Party. He speaks in the the Milk Trust ; a system of good roads ; organization through a respectable State pensions for teachers, and the "three- figurehead named Parker; and in the City of New York through a figurehead who platoon" system for New York police- lacks respectability named McClellan. men. While strictly a state platform, some of the declarations are applicable After appointment of the usual to other states. I quote: committees, a recess was taken till The fundamental idea of the Independenc;

8 p.m. League is independence ; independence of At the evening session Judge Sam- boss rule, independence of corporation con- trol and independence of any party subject introduced as per- uel Seabury was to boss rule and corporation control. manent chairman. His speech was a A man who is not independent in life, in plain statement of the situation, in- thought and at the polls is not an American terrupted by the most remarkable citizen of the type hoped for by the founders of this country. I ever seen. The demonstration have Without a free vote and an honest count judge knows how to render a just there can be no liberty, no reform of abuses, decision; he is honest as the day; he no progress toward the supremacy of public over special interests. knows the facts; he is courageous; but 'he has never learned those little ***** Hand in hand with this reform should go a result in a well- tricks of oratory which measure stripping the attorney-general of rounded period, followed by applause. discretionary power in quo warranto pro- He tried to utter a sentence with the ceedings to test the title to an office in dis- name of "William Randolph Hearst" pute, and measures facilitating independent nominations, providing for the selection by its middle. he intended about How popular vote of candidates for the United to finish will probably never be known, States Senate, an effective corrupt practices for a whole half-hour elapsed before act and provision for direct nominations. he could say anything that could be ***** heard twenty feet away. We advocate legislation that will increase both the civil and criminal responsibility of the name of Hearst the entire At directors of banks, trust companies, building audience arose en masse, and such and loan associations and public service cor- yelling, hand-clapping, horn-tooting, porations, not only for malfeasance in office, stamping, hat-waving I have never but for neglect in office. before witnessed. It was the real ***** The Independence League believes in the thing, too. I've been in a Hearst public ownership of public utilities that are meeting 01 two where the applause natural monopolies. It stands neither for seemed too stereotyped—noisy enough, private confiscation of public property nor public confiscation of private property. It but not hearty enough. It was differ- believes in upholding and enforcing every ent this time and as easily detected as property right. Holding that no person or the difference between a genuine and a corporation is privileged to confiscate what forced laugh. rightfully belongs to another, it stands for irreconcilable hostility to appropriation by Stranger still, Mr. Hearst wasn't corporations of franchise values created by there at all! His name, not too the community and belonging to the cleverly spoken by Judge Seabury, community. " —

THE INDEPENDENCE LEAGUE 499

The first essentials for public ownership reached last. The ovation given him are honesty in office and independence in was second only to that accorded voting. The application of the principle of public ownership thus becomes a matter for Hearst. each community to settle for itself. Respect ***** for local rights and home rule should author- Of course, Mr. Shearn very properly ize the enactment of a statute empowering all moved that the report be adopted. cities to acquire and operate public neces- Then Henry A. Powell got recognition sities, such as gas and electric lighting plants, transportation lines and telephones, of the chair and in a clever speech the same as waterworks, whenever such seconded the motion, which carried cities by a majority vote favor such a course. amid more noise. Mr. Powell then We pledge our efforts to bring about equi- table freight rates, to destroy rebates and dis- moved the appointment of a committee crimination and to enact and enforce a maxi- of three to invite Mr. Hearst to address mum passenger rate of two cents a mile, the convention. It was appointed and applicable to every railroad in the state. Mr. Hearst came. * * * * * The cheering lasted thirty-five min- The Wednesday evening session did utes, outdoing the previous evening little but play from 8 o'clock until two or three minutes. This time there 10.40. "Demonstrations" were the was a flag for every person—so that order of business, interrupted occa- flag-waving added to my former de- sionally by a word or two of the report scription will suffice for here. Mr. of a committee or a sentence from one Hearst appeared a bit ill at ease at first, of the speakers. A committee of 150 but this wore off shortly and he stood had been empowered to investigate the bowing and smiling while the conven- qualifications of candidates and to re- tion went wild. I wondered if he port a "slate." Clarence J. Shearn, thought about the New York Sun's chairman of the committee, read its late prophecy that the next Governor report. The ticket is printed at the of New York will be a Democrat, and head of this report; but as actually the next Governor of New York will be read it was about as follows: the candidate for President in 1908. "For governor,- William Randolph ***** Hearst." I can't help thinking Mr. Hearst will (And hell broke loose for noon, for be elected, whether he has the Demo- about fifteen minutes.) cratic indorsement or not. And to be "For lieutenant-governor, Lewis Governor of New York is a powerful " Stuyvesant Chanler, of Dutchess. lever for securing a Presidential nomi- ("Ki-yi! Whoop-la! They're off nation. Will it be Hearst or Bryan, again! " for, say, five minutes.) Hearst and Bryan. Bryan and Hearst " For secretary of state, John Sibley or neither in 1908? A very pretty con- Whalen, of Monroe. test is developing between the two (Three minutes more of wild whether they wish it or not; for each enthusiasm.) has his stanch friends who will work And so it went until Honest John night and day. A deadlock and a Ford, for attorney -general, was " dark horse " are quite possible.

Something in a Name

jV/TRS. BENHAM—Our boy is very restless and uneasy; I can't keep him in iV1 one place any length of time. Benham—That's what we get for naming him after the Methodist minister. THE LIPE £Hb TIOES OF flu DREW J/1CKSOH

bv THOO/1S E.OvlATSOil .

(Copyright igoo by Thomas E. Watson)

IV of a sufficient number of emigrants, and for the arrival of a guard from the biography of Jackson recently Nashville to escort them." The evi- IN published by Col. A. S. Col- dence at least corroborates Judge yar there appears a letter, McNairy 's statement as to the date written by Judge John McNairy, in of his arrival in Nashville. It by which this statement is made: ''We no means excludes the possibility that (Andrew Jackson and McNairy him- Jackson himself lived in Jonesboro self) moved together from North a vear or more previous to October, Carolina to this state (Tennessee) and 1788. arrived at Nashville in October, 1788." So many of the episodes in the long Colonel Colyar regards this letter as career of Andrew Jackson depend sufficiently convincing to overthrow upon mere hearsay, the recollections all the evidence which supports the of old people, neighborhood traditions conclusion that Andrew Jackson lived and other testimony of that most for a year or more at Jonesboro before untrustworthy character, that we find going to Nashville. ourselves groping amid uncertainties In Parton's voluminous " Life of at every turn. Jackson," a book which Colonel Colyar Assured of the fact that Jackson says " ought not to have been written," moved from Morganton directly to the industrious author produces what Nashville, Mr. Parton, a painstaking purports to be a copy of an original biographer, did not visit East Tennes- advertisement in the State Gazette, of see while making the local researches North Carolina, of November 28, 1788, upon which he based his elaborate and which reads as follows: work. "Notice ic hereby given that the If, as Mr. Parton states, Andrew new road from Campbell's Station to Jackson and John McNairy stopped Nashville was opened on the 25th of in Jonesboro for no other purpose September, and the guard attended at than to await the assembling of emi- that time to escort such persons as grants and the coming of the guard were ready to proceed to Nashville; from Nashville, why did they go into that about sixty families went on, court at Jonesboro during the May amongst whom were the widow and term, 1788, produce their licenses, family of the late General Davidson and take the oaths necessary to quality and John McNairy, judge of the them to practice law in that court?

Superior Court ; and that on the 1st day The technical name of the tribunal of October next the guard will attend referred to was the "Court of Pleas at the same place for the same and Quarter Sessions." purpose." Furthermore, the minutes of the This advertisement convinced Par- "Superior Court of Law and Equity," ton that Andrew Jackson stopped no kept at Jonesboro, disclose the fact longer than "several weeks" in Jones- that at the August term, 1788, John boro, "waiting for the assembling McNairy produced his license and took 500 '

THE LIFE AND TIMES OF ANDREW JACKSON 501

the necessary oath to qualify him to was bought on speculation. In polit- practice "in the several courts of this ical campaigns it was natural that, state." in the North, the partisans of Old These old court-house records, Hickory should vehemently deny that copied into Judge Allison's "Dropped he had ever been a negro trader; but Stitches in Tennessee History," upset in the days of Andrew Jackson the Parton's assertion that Jackson and business men of the South thought McNairy "rendezvoused at Morganton no more of buying and selling negroes m the spring or summer of 1788," and than they did of buying and selling then went on to Nashville, after a halt any other merchantable commodity. of but a few weeks at Jonesboro. The business instinct was strong in In the little log cabin, twenty-four Andrew Jackson, as it was in George feet square, which served as a court- Washington, and Nancy was the first house at Jonesboro, Andrew Jackson of the many negroes that he bought presented his license and was duly to re-sell at a profit. enrolled upon the minutes as an attor- In that interesting little volume, ney entitled to practice "in this "Dropped Stitches in Tennessee His- County Court," on the 12th day of tory," the author, Judge John Allison, May, 1788. presents a picture of the house in which It was at the November term, 1788, Jackson boarded while he lived at of "this County Court," at Jonesboro, Jonesboro. The photograph from that Jackson produced a " Bill of Sale which the illustration was made was from Micajah Crews to Andrew Jack- taken in 1897, an d the house, which son, Esquire, for a negro woman was built of hewn logs, presents the named Nancy, about eighteen or sturdy appearance of a building which twenty years of age," and proved the might survive many other years. same by the oath of David Allison, a There are portholes at convenient subscribing witness—whereupon the distances for the riflemen who might paper was "ordered to be recorded." be compelled to defend the home from "Ordered to be Recorded" was Indian attack, and these portholes indicated upon legal documents in grimly remind one of the stern, bloody those days by the clerk's memoran- days in which the encroaching settler dum "O. R."; and with that proneness made his clearing and built his house. to error which is one of the most When Andrew Jackson came to interesting and attractive features in Jonesboro (then spelt Jonesborough) human nature, the letters of the clerk's to live it was a thriving town, equal, at memorandum were taken to be least, to Nashville. It was surrounded "O. K.," and the stubborn pertinacity and supported by one of the finest and success with which the senseless farming sections of the South. Public "O. K." has held its ground against officials, merchants and others, travel- the lucid and righteous "O. R." ing from the lower Southern States to demonstrates how ridiculous a figure Washington and points farther east the truth can sometimes cut in contest made Jonesboro a stopping-place on with a falsehood which got the running the route. Droves of horses, mules and start. cattle from the regions round about What use Andrew Jackson had for were collected at Jonesboro, and from the young negro woman, named Nancy, there driven to Georgia and the Caro- is not apparent. Being a boarder at linas for sale. From Baltimore and the house of Christopher Taylor, he Philadelphia came all sorts of mer- did not need her as a house-servant; chandise by wagon, and these goods he was not running a farm anywhere, were distributed by the merchants of and, consequently, he did not need Jonesboro to the smaller dealers in her as a field-hand. Reasoning by Tennessee and Western North Carolina. the process of exclusion, we land Yes, indeed, Jonesboro was quite firmly upon the conviction that Nancy a large and flourishing town in those ,

502 WATSON'S MAGAZINE days, but it is one of those which has of this sketch was a small boy he had to witness the growth of younger, remembers having seen one of these stronger rivals as the invincible rail- formidable weapons. To outward road came along and gave its advan- appearance the sword-cane differed tages to Johnson City and Bristol. from no other "walking stick." It The population of Jonesboro is not looked as innocent as the handle of greater now than it was in the days of a wagon whip. But the cane was, in Andrew Jackson. reality, a concealed weapon, for it was "In going from Jonesboro to the nothing more than the wooden scab- courts in Greene, Hawkins and Sullivan bard of a long, keen blade of steel counties, Jackson always took with which was ready to flash into the light him his shotgun, holsters and saddle- and drink blood the moment the handle bags, and very often his hounds, so of the cane was pulled. In other words that he was always ready to join in a the sword-cane was made upon the deer-chase or a fox-hunt. He was an principle of the sword, with the differ- unerring marksman, and was always ence that all men knew a sword to be the centre of attraction at the shooting a sword, while no one could tell a matches at which the prizes were sword-cane from any other kind of quarters of beef, turkeys and deer." "walking-stick." So says Judge Allison in "Dropped Andrew Jackson had a quarrel with Stitches." Samuel Jackson, and before the matter We can well believe it. Jackson ended Andrew had pierced the thigh loved life, action, contact and contest of Samuel with the spear of his sword- with his fellow-man. Neither at that cane. It does not appear that Samuel time, nor at any other time, did he Jackson was armed, or that Andrew have any fondness for books. While at Jackson was justifiable in the use of the Jonesboro he burned no midnight oil weapon. A daughter of Samuel Jack- poring over Coke or Blackstone or son, relating the circumstances to John Chitty—nor did he do so anywhere Brownlow, some forty years ago, spoke else. Just enough law to get his case with deep feeling of the matter, de- to the jury was about as much as he nouncing the conduct of Andrew Jack- ever knew; and he relied upon his son. Making allowances for the natural energy in hunting up evidence and his bias of a daughter, the impression strong common sense in talking to the remains that the assault was due to jury to carry him through. the violent temper of Andrew rather To speak of Andrew Jackson as hav- than to any adequate provocation. ing lived a year or more at Jonesboro The famous Parson Brownlow lives without having had a fight with some- in Southern history as one of its most body would bring the story under striking figures. From his son, John suspicion ; therefore we must chronicle B. Brownlow, I have received many the fact that he did have "a personal valuable suggestions in the studies for difficulty" while at Jonesboro. this sketch of Andrew Jackson; and One of the residents of Jonesboro the following letter from him is in- was Samuel Jackson, a Scotch-Irish serted here because of its bearing upon Presbyterian, who had come from this part of Jackson's career. Philadelphia and established himself in a successful business. A most worthy gentleman he was, by all ac- Knoxville, Tenn., August 16, 1906. counts; and his descendants, to this "There is no doubt whatever that day, are worthy people in East Ten- Jackson resided at Jonesboro at least nessee. one year, and probably longer. While It seems that Andrew Jackson, be- writing his book, Parton spent several ing a fighting man, carried a sword- weeks at Nashville, but he never came cane—a habit common to the fighting to East Tennessee, and never com- men of that period. When the writer municated by letter or otherwise with THE LIFE AND TIMES OF ANDREW JACKSON 503 any citizen of this section of the state "In the 'History of the Bench and about Jonesboro, so far as I have ever Bar of Tennessee' it is stated that heard. Jackson never wrote an opinion as "Immediately after receiving your Judge. The author of that work, letter this morning I called to see Hon. Joshua W. Caldwell, resided in Judge O. P. Temple, who had been a this city. He recently told me that citizen of Knoxville since 1848. He since his book was published he had was born in Greene County, the county heard that in the court-house at adjoining Washington, of which Jones- Elizabeth, Carter County, East Ten- boro is the capital town. Before re- nessee, there was among the records moving here in 1848 he practiced law a Judicial opinion of Jackson's, in his at Jonesboro, residing at Greenville, own writing. It is worth investigating twenty-five miles distant. In 1847 this matter, as, if true, it is new matter Judge Temple was the Whig candidate in that no Judicial opinion of Andrew for Congress against Andrew Johnson, Jackson has ever been published in Johnson defeating him by three hun- book or newspaper. Carter is a moun- dred votes. In 1849 ne held a diplo- tain county, bordering on Washington. matic position under President Tay- I may go there before the November lor's administration. For sixteen years election, and if so I will investigate. he was Judge of the Court here. His "The county (Washington) it is in memory and mental faculties seem is the first county in the United States, unimpaired, and until he retired from not excepting Washington County, the bar, he was one of the most suc- Va., which was named in honor of the cessful lawyers we have had in East immortal George. It was named for Tennessee. He is now eighty-seven. him while he was a Colonel of Virginia

' I asked him bluntly : Did Andrew militia wearing the British colors, and Jackson ever make Jonesboro his while Tennessee was a part of North home?' He replied: 'Certainly; he Carolina. Until within recent years opened a law office there and lived Jonesboro was spelled Jonesborough. there for at least a year, and I think " That not one of the numerous biog- two years; and when I was a young raphers of Jackson has ever visited man visiting Jonesboro I heard the East Tennessee is one reason why you name of the widow with whom he should do so. There are many spots boarded while there, but I have for- of interest here in connection with his gotten it. I also remember to have career which would interest you. On heard of his horse-racing there.' the street where I am writing this "From Judge Temple's home I letter Jackson, while a Judge of our called at my mother's. I asked her highest court, made a personal assault the very same question. She replied : on John Sevier, the Governor, because 'Didn't you know that General Jackson of slighting remarks the latter was lived at Jonesboro before going to alleged to have made, that he, Jackson, Nashville?' I told her that had al- 'had stolen another man's wife.'" ways been my understanding, but I wanted her recollection on the subject. When we bear in mind that Andrew She added that when a young woman Jackson was admitted to practice law she was in Jonesboro and that the house in the "County Court" at Jonesboro he, Jackson, lived in, where he boarded, in May, 1788, was still there in August, was pointed out to her. From 1839 1788, and was putting upon the records to 1849 my father resided in Jonesboro, of that court his Bill of Sale to Nancy editing a Whig newspaper. During in November of the same year, it will be this period my mother heard several difficult to escape the conviction that of the old people of the town speak of the young lawyer was living there. Jackson, who knew him personally Nashville was one hundred and while he practiced law there. My eighty-three miles farther on in the mother is eighty-seven. wilderness, and no one could travel the 504 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

road from the one place to the other over the lives of the emigrants was without a guard to protect him from totally unfit for the business, and that the Indians; consequently we cannot had not Andrew Jackson and his cob explain away the facts by supposing pipe been along, the Indians would that Jackson was living in Nashville have surprised and butchered the and attending to law business in whites. Jonesboro. The nature of the country, the distance between the two places, Remember that we have been told by and the perilous condition of the roads, Parton that Jackson and McNairy made this a physical impossibility in waited several weeks at Jonesboro for the year 1788. the assembling emigrants and for the Later, conditions changed for the guard from Nashville. Remember better, but in 1788, when emigrants that the emigrants did assemble in due to the number of "sixty families" course and that the guard from Nash- dared not move from Jonesboro to ville did arrive. Remember that the Nashville without military escort, no party numbered about one hundred, lawyer could have lived in the one and that the military escort must have town and practiced in the other. consisted of backwoodsmen familiar with Indian ways, Indian fighting and To be convinced that Andrew Jack- all necessary woodcraft. Remember son could not have lived in Nashville that this guard from Nashville came in 1788, while practicing law in Jones- from the dark and bloody ground of boro, we have only to study the narra- constant and deadly antagonism be- tive of Parton himself. We learn tween the white intruders and the from him, and from others, that the Red Men who believed that the Great road was not to be traveled without Spirit had given them the land. Re- military escort. We learn that, even member that it was the special duty of in the year 1789, Judge John McNairy this Indian-fighting escort to protect and his party were attacked by Indians the men, women and children of the while the Judge was on his way to hold emigrant train from surprise, ambus- the Superior Court at Jonesboro. cade and attack. Remember that at Three men of McNairy 's party were night, in the midst of the unbroken killed, and the rest dispersed. Their forest, the danger would be greatest horses, camp equipage and clothing and the guard most vigilant. Remem- were left behind, while they saved ber all these things and then smile as their lives by swimming to the other you read the story, which Parton re- side of the river upon which they had peats, of the childlike manner in which been encamped. the trained and trusted backwoods- Mr. James Parton was a most indus- men from Nashville had all become trious biographer, a most entertaining negligent, and how the young lawyer, writer, and a most amusingly credu- Andrew Jackson, who happened to be lous man. If a story about one of "sitting with his back against a tree his heroes tickled his fancy, he couldn't smoking a corncob pipe, an hour after help believing it to save his life. There- his companions had gone to sleep," fore he straightway put it into his called the attention of the young book. clerk of the court, Thomas Searcy, to That Andrew Jackson could travel the suspicious hoots of the owls—which one hundred and eighty-three miles hoots the young lawyer from old North in the wilderness without having Carolina knew must be made by "adventures" appeared unnatural to Indians and not by owls! The trained biographical and historical writers of and trusted backwoods Indian fighters the Peter Parley school, and therefore had not suspected that these owls were " we learn from Parton 's Life of Andrew other than owls! How mean and Jackson" that the guard which had cheap those trained and trusted Indian been sent from Nashville to watch fighters from Nashville must have felt ! —

THE LIFE AND TIMES OF ANDREW JACKSON 505

as the young lawyer from old North signal as the imitation of the owl-hoot. Carolina roused them to a sense of the The unsuspicious, indiscriminate and perils by which they were encom- comprehensively credulous Parton is passed! According to this marvelous so sure of his ground that he actually yarn, which Parton swallows without gives his readers the exact time which a wink of the eye, the Andrew Jackson elapsed between the flight of the Jack- band rose up and marched away from son band and the coming of the hunt- there, unmolested, whereas a party of ers who were butchered. hunters who came up to the same It was one hour. camp, during the same night, and laid Thus we have one band of white them down to sleep in the same place, borderers who wait to be led out of the were remorselessly butchered by the Indian ambuscade by a young attor- same Indians who had been hooting ney, and a second band of white bor- those owl-hoots at the Jackson band! derers who come upon the deserted What an extensively credulous Par- camp-fires, one hour later, and who ton! In such haste was he to make a see no "signs" which are sufficient to wonderful figure out of the raw young arouse suspicion and excite watchful- lawyer from Salisbury, N. C, that ness. The second band of white bor- the best borderers whom Tennes- derers—-men who live amid continual see could select were made to neglect dangers, who carry their lives in their the simplest duties, and get caught hands, and to whom the reading of the napping in the stupidest fashion, at the "signs" in the woods is the necessary very time when such a thing was the least condition of life in the savage wilds likely to have happened. lie down around the abandoned camp- That there may have been a narrow fires of Jackson's band, and without so escape for the emigrants from some much as posting a picket fall into the night-attack of Indians is probable arms of sleep and of death. enough; but it is simply incredible The credulous Parton! Of all things that a guard, picked by pioneers of the which would have put the second band times of Robertson and Donelson and of white borderers upon instant notice Sevier, for the very purpose of watch- that danger lurked on the trail, it was ing over the safety of the inexperienced the abandoned camp which must have and helpless emigrants, should have shown, even to the untrained eye of an gone to sleep in the depths of the emigrant, that it had been suddenly wilderness with Red Men all about and recently deserted by those who had them, or should have been so unskilled intended to remain there for the as not to detect so common an Indian night

To be Continued. The Barons Intended

BY E. V. LOCKROY

HARVEY SEARS had made up like a blight with the advent of Baron his mind that she was not to von Hampferschlag. be won away from him. She The baron was a guest of the Har- was the one girl, and, looking at his wells at Stonebridge, the first station own merits in the coldest impersonal beyond Pinewood. Mrs. Gilbert and light, he was confident that her life's Nathalie had met him two years before happiness was bound with his destiny. at Marienbad, when Nathalie was She had never admitted so much in seventeen, which of course did not words, but she had let him go all the render her less captivating to the way out to Pinewood two evenings of handsome, perhaps foppishly hand- looked thirty -five each week during the past winter ; she some, nobleman. He had given him the preference of dances and was registered in the Almanack at every hop during the summer at the as forty. Mrs. Gilbert had searched seashore, and on one secluded and the records. The baron had only some ever-memorable occasion she had let means, but brilliant and unimpeach- him hold her hand while the hotel able lineage. Since the baron's ar- orchestra played "Dearie." At an- rival in America journals devoted to other time when he was stealthily pin- the social world had published various ning his class pin on her sleeve, she gossip about the visits he was making gave a little screech because he tried and the heiresses presumably fiancees to fix the pin in her wrist, but she had apparent. deigned to affix the token herself and In one of these statements, couched had kept it since. in veiled terms, Harvey Sears divined the peril of his future. He had been No woman would condemn a man to in the South for two or three weeks those journeys on the fickle trains that on an important railroad case. Going ran to quiet, aristocratic Pinewood to his club late in the afternoon of his to no purpose, unless hers was a cruel, first day in town, he chanced upon the wanton soul. Such a soul did not ominous paragraph. The painful mem- inhabit the fair person of Nathalie ory that Nathalie had answered Gilbert. She was honest and good as none of the letters he wrote her while she was tall and fair. Until he knew away afflicted him with new torture. It on Tuesday her, the law, his profession , had been a This was Tuesday. was tyrant to whom he was in thrall. that he usually went to Pinewood. Now it was a symbol of the beautiful He gave a hurried order for dinner and girl with whom he was in love. Every dressed meanwhile, managing, as much hour of struggle and striving with law by luck as by striving, to catch the meant a step nearer the goal of six-forty train. All during the jour- Nathalie. The world was recreated, ney his teeth were shut hard and his he was born again and the breath of lips compressed, giving hfs clean-cut, spring perfumed the air on the chilliest smooth face a tense, frowning ex- March nights, until the ambition of pression. His mind was turbulent Nathalie's aspiring mama descended with doubts, possibilities, plans. It 506 :

THE BARON'S INTENDED 507 was a local train and at each of the "Have some more, sir?" and the innumerable stops his hopes burned hackman poured it down. lower, his determination became more Harvey shut his teeth together and grim. Clearly and more clearly he the poison flowed down his neck in a saw in the German baron the source trickling deluge. of woe, and gradually the man he had " Good Lord, man, don't drown me," never seen became his soul's enemy he gasped. "I can't drink any more. and hatred, while the click of the I'm all right, if you'll help me to my wheels on the track rang in his ears feet." with The motorman and the conductor came forward. They both showed The flowers that bloom in the spring, tra-la, deep concern and made abject offers to Have nothing to do with the case, do anything to oblige the gentleman. Dee-de dum, dee-de dum, dee-de dum, la-la, Dee-de dum, dee-de dum, dee-de dum. They took Harvey's card, who said he would not sue the company unless he The words came back somewhere fell ill as a result of the collision. from long ago, at once irrelevant and "Come on, driver," said Harvey ex- silly, he thought. But their rhythm citedly, "I'm in a hurry to get to the clung to him until he got off the train Birches." at Pinewood station. An unexpected, The hackman gave vent to a poig- sharp April rain, blurring the sparse nant cry, not quite a groan or sob, as he lights about the place, sent the few late pointed to the shattered hack and the passengers in a run to their traps. prostrate horse some yards away. Harvey dashed to the first hack in the "My whole fortune gone to smash, line of rickety livery vehicles, told the sir," he moaned, "and Firefly's fore- driver his destination and after several legs broken. He's got to be shot and muscular slams succeeded in getting he was a fine bit o' flesh in his day. the door closed on himself. The He done a mile at the State Fair in eight- " Birches, Mrs. Gilbert's house, was far een hundred and—lemme see back on the top of the big hill that set "Never mind his record," Harvey the limits of the township. After two interrupted, "here's my address. I'll or three mad leaps that seemed rather see that you get damages. I've got to to send them backward than forward, go now. I'll walk." the nag began to mount the long The three men watched him as he ascent, meditative and slow. Harvey started away somewhat unsteadily. wished he might condemn the baron Then the trolley employees took the to ride for five years in such a cold, hackman's name, helped him empty damp squeaky vehicle, behind so rare the flask and went back to the car, a specimen of equine degeneracy. which in this remote section had no Near the top of the hill, and within passengers and had suffered only a few half a mile of the Birches, the road scratches. turned sharply to the left, crossing a When Harvey was assured that for trolley line. Chilled within and with- all the aches and strains in regions of out, Harvey was sinking into despond, his anatomy of which he had never when he noticed with relief that they known he was able to plod on through were making the sharp turn. ... A the rain, he began to take observa- blaze of sudden light dazzled his eyes. tions of his appearance: his clothes Instinctively he burst the door of the were torn in many places and his outer hack open and jumped. Earth seemed coat and trousers were daubed with to open with a grinding, cataclysmic mud that the constant rain kept in a roar and . moist plaster. He had forgotten his Bad raw whisky was scalding his hat until he became aware of a surface throat. Opening his eyes slowly, he gash over his eye, which he bound with saw the hackman kneeling above him his handkerchief. More than once he with a flask in his hand. half resolved to turn and go back to the " —

508 WATSON'S MAGAZINE village. That would be a much longer For answer the maid shrieked with walk, however, and he felt a queer terror and fled wildly along the hall and dizziness every few minutes that made down the stairs to her proper region. him doubt his strength. Also the With grim satisfaction Harvey felt baleful image of Baron von Hampfer- that the yell would at least serve schlag floated across his bewildered as an indication that someone had brain. He had never met the baron, called. He closed the hall door after but he knew now that he would recog- him, laid off his dismembered raincoat nize him on sight. and entered the long, dimly lighted The Birches was a large, costly, not parlor on his left. The shades were very handsome house, set in a grove of lowered, the curtains drawn. The air the trees from which it took name. As here was close and smelled, he thought, he passed through the iron gateway, of furnace heat. In a moment it Sport, Nathalie's bull terrier, ran occurred to him that he had never in suspiciously toward Harvey, who his life been in a room so overheated. greeted him with a sad but friendly, "I'll sit down as long as I have to "Hello, Sport!" The terrier, who wait," he said to himself wearily. ought to have known him, snarled He moved toward a chair. The walls most inhospitably and aimed a lunge at began to move, too. He stopped. a choice shred of trousering flapping at They went round, whirring faster Harvey's calf. In former days this each time. They were whirling him was the leg that Harvey used for goal- round now in their crazy orbit. kicks. The other one was reserved for He reached and got a firm grip on punting. On the instant he rejoiced the high gold curio cabinet that held that Sport had made so appropriate a Nathalie's collection of silver knick- selection, and with a mental calculation knacks. What a relief it was to find that Sport could not anyway go much it there, firm as granite in this whirl- higher than the house, Harvey's leg wind of walls! He gripped it harder. shot out as if driven by an electric The walls whirred more swiftly. They dynamo. The terrier sailed with a were only a blur to him now. The howl into the air and landed some- whole house was turning; even the where. Harvey did not know just cabinet began to sway—and toward where because of the darkness and him. He snatched his hand off, reeled because Sport did not tell. and fell. The cabinet came down It seemed almost five minutes after with a crash and clatter that sounded he had rung the bell for the first time to him like faint echoi s from far away. that Harvey heard the slam of a door in the basement, the tramp of feet on the stairs and then the hurried tread They were giving him that scalding hall. Over the whisky again. "Tell you, driver," of a servant in the ^ Birches hung a strangely quiet air. In Harvey protested feebly, "I won't dismay the thought came to him, what —another—drop. Throat not lined if no one were at home ? asbestos." The door was drawn slowly inward " This is mama's whisky," Nathalie before him. Mrs. Gilbert had evi- insisted tearfully; "please take it." dently hired a new housemaid. He did He raised his eyelids drowsily. "Is not recognize this one, who stared at that surely you, Nathalie?" he asked. him a second and then tried to slam the "I'm not dreaming?" door in his face. Harvey's foot, the She was kneeling beside him and had punting foot, slid forward and caught placed a divan pillow under his head. " the door as a chug. The maneuvre You've been hurt, Harvey. You're was painful, but effective to his better now, aren't you? purpose. "I'll be all right, dear girl. Trolley " What do you mean? " he demanded hit us at the curve. Hack in tooth- sternly. picks." " "

THE BARON'S INTENDED 509

She raised his head and urged him Mrs. Gilbert's room opened on the to drink what remained of the whisky. landing at the rear of the house. "I like mama's whisky," he said, Harvey passed before Nathalie, still sitting up with an effort. "Why, clasping her hand. In a tight grip Nathalie, you're crying! he turned the knob noiselessly and "I'm not really, but I have a dread- pushed the door open as they stole ful headache," she sobbed. "I was into the room. so frightened by the noise and to find "Throw up your hands!" a voice you lying here. The maids all ran roared in the darkness. away screaming—and—and mama's With a little cry Nathalie fell in a dining at the Harwells'." swoon against Harvey, who wrapped "You poor girl! I'm sorry to have his arm about her waist and stood given you so much trouble and—great protectively before her. Caesar's ghost, did I smash that A man with a railroad lantern in one cabinet?" He pointed to the silver- hand and an aimed revolver in the sprinkled ruins. other sprang from the top of a ladder " It might have killed you," Nathalie through the raised window. said fearsomely. "By gravy," the man ground the ?" "Would you have— he began; but words between his teeth, "we've got was suddenly silent at the look of him at last." He was pointing both dread that came into her face. lantern and revolver at Harvey. She whispered: "Don't you hear "Drop that lady! that shuffle of feet on the veranda? "She might be hurt if I dropped And I saw a lantern flash—look, there " her on the floor," retorted Harvey it is again! in a cool rage. " If you'll stop shaking She got up, quivering. Harvey that revolver and hold it so you can scrambled to his feet and stared at the shoot straight, in case you have to, curtained windows. He heard the I'll place Miss Gilbert on the bed. She shuffling now and caught a glimpse of has fainted." the lantern's flash. "Burglars!" Nathalie murmured As Harvey carried out this intention three more climbed hoarsely, seizing his hand and standing men from the ladder behind him. through the window, each with a revol- ver of various periods carry- "Seems to be a lot of them," he re- and each ing a lantern. joined, more to assure her than to Hearing a noise behind him, he his state a theory. turned glance of a second toward the door "You're not afraid, dear," he went and saw two men in the on, patting her arm. "We'll put out doorway. One had a club and that lamp. Come with me." the other a two-inch rope coiled about his arm. Harvey stepped "There's a bulb in it," she inter- back slowly into the one free posed, halting. "It's here." corner of the room. Six pairs of eager, fearful They both tiptoed to the wall. eyes glared at him. Nathalie stretched forth a quaking " hand and laid her finger firmly against I'm glad you've brought your lamps, the button. The room was in total gentlemen," said Harvey, "because darkness. The feet on the veranda until Miss Gilbert recovers I can't turn shuffled hastily. on the light. I don't know where the "Is there a pistol in the house?" switch is. But haven't you struck Harvey asked in a whisper. the wrong house for a lynching bee? "In mother's room," she replied, There are no negroes here." and he felt the delight of her lips near "This ain't no lynchin' bee." The his cheek. "Let me lead. I know first man who had come into the room the way better." spoke out. "I'm the sheriff of this They went stealthily up the stairs. yere kaounty an' the help kem scared In the next hall a light was burning. stiff daown to taown sayin' the wild "

510 WATSON'S MAGAZINE man had bust in here and was killin' locked herself in a room on the top Miss Gilbert." floor. The coachman and groom were "Do I look like him?" Harvey at Stonebridge, of course. The gar- asked with a smile, and at the same dener, the maid said, had gone to the moment bicame conscious of his tat- village a little while before the wild tered evening clothes and mud-tinted man arrived. The last the maid had shirt-front. heard of him he was smashing the "Waal, if you don't mind, brother, furniture and tearing down the pictures you do look somethin' like you'd gone in the parlor. through a threshin' machine or fell It was some time before Mrs. Gilbert from a air-ship," replied the spokes- felt assured that no serious harm had man. "But you must excuse us; befallen either Harvey or her daugh- you see the hull neighborhood has been ter. layin' fer this here wild man that lives ''The only real damage you have in a cave in Fassett's Woods for the suffered," said Harvey persuasively, past month, an' from the story the "is in the mud the village rescuers have help give I was sure as glue that we strewn through the house. Then the had him landed. I guess we got curio cabinet is smashed, but you would another guess comin'.'-' have to have a new one anyway to hold "I'm afraid the drinks are on you, the sheriff's lamp. There isonemoresad sheriff," Harvey rejoined. "I must record to be made of this night. Has anybody heard of or seen Sport? He admit , though, that after being shot out of a Pinewood hack by a trolley car snapped at me as I came in tonight a man does look a bit unusual." and I lifted him with a goal-kick. Nathalie, who had been lying motion- Poor Sport! Little he dreams it was less, raised her arm and pleaded faintly, a friendly foot that kicked him." "Harvey." As they went down to ascertain "Gentlemen," said he, "I must ask whether the terrified servants had yet you to go at once and quietly. Miss returned, Mrs. Gilbert insisted that Gilbert might be seriously shocked at Harvey remain at the Birches over- your warlike appearance. Will you night and said further that he could leave a lamp here, please? telephone to New York for clothes " You can have mine as a soovneer," after they had had some supper. the sheriff said, laying the nickel- "You see," she added, "I was called framed lantern on Mrs. Gilbert's dress- away just at the roast. George Har- ing-table, "an' I hope, sir, you won't well wanted to come with me, but I hold it agin the kaounty that ye met declared that it was hard enough for all the damphools in it at one time." one lusty soul to lose a dinner and that The men slunk away, some of them my men would see nothing happened muttering shamefaced apologies as to me. I'll go and see what can be they went. They that had entered done in the way of supper." through the window used the same Harvey and Nathalie remained in means for egress. As the others pad- the parlor to push the shattered cab- ded heavily down the stairs, Harvey inet into a corner and to gather the lifted Nathalie to her feet and aided silver. As they knelt, each on one her to a chair. knee, Harvey's hand chanced to come They heard frantic steps coming up in contact with Nathalie's. They had the stairs, now, and the next moment reached simultaneously for a quaint Mrs. Gilbert, active and prettily flushed Dutch pepperbox that was among her as a girl, burst through the open door- most treasured possessions. way. Holding her hand against the floor, One of the servants had telephoned with just a suggestion of pressure, to her at the Harwells' that the Pine- Harvey asked: "Why didn't you an- wood wild man had broken into the swer my letters, Nathalie?" house and that Miss Nathalie had "I've been sick in bed with grippe. . "

THE BARON'S INTENDED 511

Sunday was the first time I came became as self-conscious as that of the down to dinner in two weeks." two young people. "Tm sorry; but I'm rather glad it "I haven't had a chance. Mother wasn't because you had grown tired is going to be married, Harvey." of me." "To Baron von Hampferschlag? "Why should I giow tired of you, he asked excitedly. Harvey?" "How did you know? Nothing has Somehow their heads had come very been said except at Stonebridge." In close together, so that at the sound of rapid-fire one sentence after the other steps in the hall they both stood up came from mother and daughter. nervously, like children surprised in "I didn't know," said Harvey, with mischief. a happy sigh. "That's why I came Nathalie's cheeks glowed. Harvey out tonight." He took Nathalie's was uncomfortably conscious of the hand awkwardly. "I say, Mrs. Gil- wreck of his attire bert, won't you give the new maid "Those scatterbrains, including another chance?" Sport, are all back again," said Mrs. Mrs. Gilbert smiled broadly: "I Gilbert, "and I've given the new maid will, if you children will promise to be notice. Supper will be ready very patient and let seniors have a chance." shortly. Of course you've told Harvey "It's not so hard to wait when one the news, daughter." has a little hope," Harvey replied, Mrs. Gilbert's expression suddenly drawing Nathalie toward him. THE ROCKEFELLER THEORY Drawn by Gordon Nye.

512 m THE S1DGER OF JOhD 6. DEiraRdT IDE "flCDE (J,

The Old Omaha Speaks faces. And among these many, lo! even I who speak—therefore should this is the story of one who my words be heard. NOWwalked not with his people, And he of the many names went up but with a dream into the hill of dreams and dreamed. To you I tell it, O White Brother, And in through the mists that strange yet is it not for you, unless you also winds blow over the hills of sleep burst have followed the long trail of hunger a white light, as though the moon had and thirst—the trail that leads to no grown so big that all the sky was filled lodge upon the high places, or the low from rim to rim, leaving no place for places, by flowing streams or where the sun and stars. And upon the surface sand wastes lie. of the white light floated a face, an It shall be as the talking of a strange awful face—whiter than the light upon tribe to you, unless you also have which it floated; and so beautiful to peered down the endless trail, with see that he of the many happy names eyes that ached and dried up as dust, ached through all his limbs, and cried and felt your pony growing leaner and out and woke. Then leaping to his shadow-thin beneath you as you rode, feet, he gazed about, and all the stars until at last you sat upon a quiet heap had grown so small that he looked of bones and peered and peered ahead. thrice and hard before he saw them, Moon-Walker was he called—-he who and the world was shrunken. walked for the moon. But that was And frightened at the strangeness after he had called his pony in from of all things, he fled down the hillside the grazing places and mounted for the into the village. His mother and frs long ride. Yet was there a time when father he wakened with bitter crying. he ran about among the lodges, laugh- "How came the dream?" they ing very merrily with many boys and whispered; for upon the face of him girls, who played with hoop and spear, who went up a boy they saw that made little bloodless wars upon unseen which only many years should bring; peoples, and played, in little ways the and in his eyes there was a strange big, sad games of men. And then he light. was called by many names, and all of "A face! a face! " he whispered. " I the names, though different, meant saw the face of the Woman of the that he was happy. Moon! Whiter than snow, it was, But once his mother and his father and over it a pale flame went! Oh,

saw how that a man began to look out never have I seen so fair a face ; and of his eyes, began to hear a man talking there was something hidden in it In his throat; and so they said, "It is swift as lightning; something that

the time for him to dream." would be thunder if it spoke ; and also So they sent him at nightfall to the there was something kind as rain hill of dreams—as is the custom of our that falls upon a place of aching heat. people. Into the north it looked, high up to Wahoo! The bitter hill of dreams! where the lonesome star hangs patient. Many have I seen go up there laughing, "And there was a dazzle of white but always they came down with halt- breasts beneath, half hidden in a ing feet and with sadness in their thin blanket of mist. And on her October. 1906 — 3 — 513 "

514 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

head, big drifts of yellow hair; not hang- blood of the boy, as she stooped with ing loose as does your hair, O mother, arms held wide; and he was wrapped but heaped like clouds that burn above about as with a white fire, through the sunset. My breast aches for some- which the face grew down with lips thing I cannot name. And now I that burned his lips as they touched, think that I can never play again!" and sent pale lightnings flashing And there was a shaking of heads in through him. that lodge, and a wondering, for this And as the dream woman turned to was not good. Not so had others, big run swiftly back up the star-trails he in deeds, dreamed upon the hill in who dreamed reached out his arms and former times. Always there had been clutched at the garments of light that a coming of bird, or beast, or reptile, he might hold the thing that fled, for wrapped in the mystery of strange dearer than life it seemed to him now. words; or there had been the cries of And he woke His face was in the fighting men, riding upon a hissing of dust. His clutching hands were full of hot breaths; or there had been a dust. stamping of ponies, or the thin, mad Wahoo! the bitter hill of dreams! song of arrows. Have you climbed it, O White Brother, But here it was not so, and the even as I ? mother said, "Many times the false And in the morning he told the dreams come at first, and then at last dream to his father, who frowned; to the true one comes. May it not be so his mother—and she wept. And they with him?" said: "This is not a warrior's dream, " And the father said, It may be so nor is it the dream of a Holy Man ; nor with him." yet is it the vision of a mighty bison So once again up the hill of dreams hunter. Some strange new trail this went the boy. And because of the boy shall follow—a cloudy, cloudy words of his father and mother, he trail! Yet let him go a third time to wept and smeared his face with dust; the hill—may not the true dream his muddy hands he lifted to the stars. linger?"

And he raised an earnest voice: "O And the boy went up again ; his step Wakunda! send me a man's dream, was light; his heart sang wildly in his for I wish to be a big man in my village, breast. For once again he wished to strong to fight and hunt. The wo- see the Woman of the Moon. man's face is good to see, but I cannot But no dream came. And in the laugh for the memory of it. And morning the pinch of grief was upon his there is an aching in my breast. O face and he shook his fists at the Wakunda! send me the dream of a laughing Day. Then did he and a man! great Ache walk down the hill together. All things were little and nothing good And he slept. And in the middle to see. And in among his people he of the night, when shapeless things went, staring with eyes that burned come up out of the hills, and beasts as with a fever, and lo! he was a and birds talk together with the stranger walking there! Only the tongues of men, his dream came back. Dream walked with him. Even as before the moon-face floated And the sunlight burned the blue, in a lake of cold white fire —a lake that much-beaded tepee of the sky, and left drowned the stars. And as he reached it black; and as it burned and black- to push it from him, lo! like a white ened, burned and blackened, he who stem growing downward from a flower, dreamed the strange dream found a body grew beneath it! And there no pleasure in the ways of men. Only was a flashing of white lightning, and in gazing upon the round moon did the Woman of the Moon stood before he find pleasure. And when even him. this was hidden from him for many Then was there a burning in the nights and days he went about with " : " "

THE SINGER OF THE ACHE 515 drooping head, and an ache was in his Harsh words the father spoke: eyes. "Does the tribe need songs? Can And in these days he made wild hungry people eat a silly shout, or will songs ; for never do the happy ones make enemies be conquered with a singing?" songs—they only sing them. Songs But the mother wept and said: that none had heard he made. Not " Say not so of him. Do not his songs such as toilers make to shout about the bring tears, so strange and sweet they campfires when the meat goes round. are at times ? Does a man quarrel with Yet was the thick hot dust of weary the vessel from which he drinks sweet trails blown through, them, and cries waters, even if it be broken and useless of dying warriors, and shrieks of for the cooking?" widowed women, and whimpering of And the father frowned and said: sick zhinga-zhingas; and also there was "Give me many laughers, and I will in them the pang of big man-hearts, conquer all the enemies and fill all the the ache of toiling women's backs, the kettles of the feasts! Let the weepers hunger, the thirst, the wish to live, the and makers of tears drag wood with fear to die! the women. Always have I been a So the people said: "Who is this fighter of battles and a killer of bison. " nn zhinga who sings of trails he never This is not my son! followed, of battles he never fought? And it happened one night that the No father is he—and yet he sings as Singer stood alone in the midst of his one who has lost a son! Of the pain people, when the round moon raised of love he sings yet never has he a shining forehead out of the dark, —" looked upon a girl! and grew big and flooded all the hills And it was the way of the boy to with white light. And the Singer answer: "I seek what I do not find, raised his arms to it and sang as one and so I sing! who loves might sing to a maiden com- And the nights and days made sum- ing forth flashing with many beads from mers and winters, and thus it was with her tepee. the Singer of the Ache, He grew tall And the people laughed and a mutter even to the height of a man—yet was ran about: "To whom does the fool he no man. For little did he care to sing thus?" hunt, and the love of battles was not Soft, shining eyes he turned upon his. Not his the laughter at the feast- them, and he said: "Even to the Wo- fires. Nor did he look upon the face of man of the Moon! See where she any maiden with soft eyes. looks into the North with white face And the father and mother, who felt raised to where the lonesome star hangs the first frosts upon their heads, said: patient! " Our son is now a man; should he not And the people said: "This is the " build a lodge and fill it with a woman? talk of a fool—no woman do we see! Should we not hear the laughter of And then the Singer sang a new song zhinga-zhingas once again before we through which these words ran often: take the black trail together?" "Only he sees who can—only he sees And because his father had many who can! ponies, many maidens were brought So now he walked a fool among his before him for his choosing. But he people, singing the songs that ache. looked coldly upon them and he said Wahool bitter it is to be a fool! And "The stars are my sisters and my yet, O White Brother, only they who brothers, and the Moon is my wife, have been fools are wise at last! giving me songs for children. Soon And it happened one summer that shall there be a long trail for me." the village was builded in th.3 flat lands Thereat a cry went up against him by the Big Smoky Water. And there and more and more he walked a came snoring up the stream a monda stranger. Only the dream walked with geeung, the magic fire-boat of the pale- him ; and he sang the songs that ache. faces. Up to the shore it swam, and ;

516 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

they who guided it tied it to the sand, the North I ride to find the Woman " for its fires were hungry and there was of the Moon! much wood in our lands. And the people pitied him, because And all the villagers gathered there he seemed as one whose head was filled to see the magic swimmer of the pale- with ghostly things; and they fed him. faces; and among them cams the lone- Further and further into the waste some singing fool. places he pushed, making the empty spaces sweet and sad with his singing And it happened that a woman of and the winter came. Thin and lean the pale-faces came forth and stood he grew, and his pony grew lean and high up, and looked upon us, smiling. thin. White as a snowfall in the late spring And the white, mad spirits of the was her face, and her hair was like the snow beat about the two. And now sun upon a cloud. And we all stared and then snow ghosts writhed up out wide-mouthed upon her, for never of the ground and twisted twirled before had her kind come into the and and until they took the prairies. moaned, on shape of her he sought. And ever he Also stared the fool. Even long followed them; and ever they fell back after all the people had gone he stared; into the ground. And the world was even until the smoky breath of the bitter cold. fire-boat writhed like a big black Wahoo! the snow ghosts that we fol- serpent out of the place where the low, O White Brother! stream runs out of the sky. And the time came when the pony And then he laid his head upon his was no longer a pony, but a quiet heap knees and wept; for a longing, bigger of bones; and upon this sat the man than the wish to live, or the fear to die, who walked for the moon. Then did had come upon him. the strength go out of him, and he Very early in the morning, the when turned his sharp face in to the South. sleep of all things is deepest, he arose He sang no more for many days, for from sleepless blankets. He called his body was as a lodge in which a fair his pony in from the grazing places, and woman lies dead with no mourners he mounted for a long ride. Into the around. And at last he wakened in North he rode, and as he rode he talked a strange lodge in a village of strangers. to himself and to the silence that clung about him: "It was the Woman of the And it happened that when the green Moon! Into the North she went, even things pushed upward into the sun unto the quiet place where the lonesome again a young man who seemed very star hangs patient. There shall I ride old, for he was bent, his face was thin, there shall I ride! For there do all — his eyes were very big, hobbled back

songs take wings fly ; there my and and into the village of his people. at last their meanings await me. There And he went to a lodge which was shall I ride there shall I ride!" — empty, for the father with his frowning And the fires of the day burned out and the mother with her weeping had the stars, and died; downward and taken the long trail, upon which comes inward rushed the black, black ashes no moon and never the sun rises—but of the night. And still he rode toward the stars are there. the North. Many days he lay within the lone- And like the flashing of a midnight some lodge. And it happened that a torch through a hole in a tepee flashed maiden, one whom he had pushed the days and passed. And still he aside in other days, came into the rode. lodge with meat and water. Through many villages of strange So at last he said: "I have sought peoples did ride, he and everywhere and have not found ; therefore will I be* strange tongues and strange eyes ques- as other men. I will fill this lodge tioned him; and he answered: "Into with a woman—and this is she. Hence- "— " —

THE SINGER OF THE ACHE 517 forth I shall forget the dream that led stranger had fathered them! Shall me; I shall be a hunter of bison and a the fool eat and only sing? killer of enemies; for after all, what And a snarling cry grew up: "Cast else?" out the fool! And this he did. And it was done. So all the village buzzed with kindly So out of the village stumbled the words. "The fool has come back singing fool, and his head was bloody wise! " they said. with the stones the people threw. And as the seasons passed there Very old he seemed, though his years grew the laughter of zhinga-zhingas were not many. Into the North he in the lodge of the man who walked went, and after a while men saw his no more for the moon. face no more. But a sadness was upon his face. But lo! many seasons passed and yet And after a while the dream came he lived and was among all peoples! back and brought the singing. Less For often on hot dusty trails weary and less he looked upon the woman and men sat down to sing his songs; and the children. Less and less he sought women, weeping over fallen braves, the bison, until at last Hunger came found his songs upon their lips. And into that lodge and sat beside the fire. when the hunger came his strange Then again the old cry of the people wild cries went among the people. grew up: "The fool still lives! He And all were comforted! sings while his lodge is empty. His And this, O White Brother, is the woman has become a stranger to him, story of the fool who walked for the and his children are as though a moon!

The Magic of the Invisible

BY GEORGE E. WOODS.

SEE not the brook—I hear it All of a summer long; I Under a brake of roses What is a brook but song?

A woman is she when with me, And sweet to my heart's desire; But when she is absent from me, She is spirit—and dream—and fire!

His Waterloo

\ TH-YAS, and dar was Brudder Borax Jones," reminiscently said y<~J old Brother Smoot, "he was alius pompousin' around wid a chip on his shoulder and noratin' dat he could whup a di'mon'-head rattlesnake, and let de varmint have de fust bite. But—uck!—bime-bye he mar'd a saddle-cullud, red-headed 'ooman—dem red-headed wenches ain't common, but when yo' finds one she's sho'ly like what dey say old Gin'l Sherman done said war was! and, muh suzz, atter dat yo' could take a turkey-tail feather and drive Brudder " Borax plumb into de creek wid it! Yassah! —

The Farmer Landlord

BY HUGH J. HUGHES

farmer landlord is becom- The owner furnishes the land and THEing an important factor in seed, and pays one-half the threshing our society. His influence bill. grows yearly more measurable. His The renter furnishes the labor, pays position in our economic life is appar- all expenses incurred in running the ently assured. His existence, like farm, the seed bill and threshing bill that of any absentee landlord, is a as before stated excepted, and receives threat to rural prosperity. in return one-half the crop, either at The underlying causes for his ap- the machine or in the elevator. pearance in our life are twofold This is a common and simple form social and economic. of land tenure. Farther East, where The past decade has been one of dairying and stock-raising are leading great general prosperity. In this pros- industries, the terms are more involved, perity the farm has shared in large but the essential principle is the same degree. Crops have been good, prices —the return to the owner of the largest have been good, and as a result of this, possible rental with the smallest possi- coupled with increasing population ble cash outlay. It will be generally and decreasing free lands, the value of admitted that land tenure in the grain- farming properties has steadily risen growing West is fairly equitable. The throughout the Mississippi-Missouri free lands are too near, the population Valley. This rise in farm values, while is too mobile, the opportunities to it is, from the industrial standpoint, better oneself are too many for the a mere watering of valuation, enables owner to demand excessive rentals. the farmer to increase the rental of With us the cash system is little known, his land, and thereby secure to him- partly because it involves extra risk self a good income without the neces- on the part of the tenant, and partly sity of personal labor. because the owner can gain more, It is an economic truth that rental in a term of years, by the "shares" will absorb all the laborer will bear. system of renting. If he cannot obtain other lands, if he Yet favorably as we tenants are does not know of better opportunities, situated, the fact is that the owner or knowing, if he cannot avail himself gets considerably more than an even of them, the owner can fix a rental share of the farm's income. which will leave the tenant only an Look at it a moment. The farmer, average of fair wages. The average owning a half-section of land with rental value of a Western farm is ap- house and barn, the total valuation of proximately fixed by the loaning rates which is in the neighborhood of $6,000, of money. That is, a $40 per acre rents this land to a man with a family. farm should return to its Missouri Seed costs him possibly $300. Allow Valley owner from 6 to 8 per cent. net. $200 for taxes and repairs to buildings. In practice this is somewhat modi- The threshing bill will depend, of fied by the " shares " system of renting. course, upon the crop, but at a fair Briefly, this is as follows: average his share will not exceed $250. 518 : —

THE FARMER LANDLORD 519

Then he has invested for the year how? By doing two men's work, by less than $7,000, but say $7,000 for our curtailing living expenses, by working purpose of illustration. their little boys and girls on the gang- On the other hand, the farmer has plow and the drill. Perhaps it is invested himself, his tenant, his hired necessary—and perhaps it is not. labor and his machinery. The value A reply right here to those who of these is not so easy to determine, but would criticize these figures and deny a rough approximation may be made. their value. They are figures striking First, then, the farmer himself. The a fair average of running cost and re- earning value of himself and wife is turns to landlord and tenant as the not far from $45 per month. This writer knows them and has taken capitalized means, at current loaning them from his farming records. They rates of money, a money valuation show just what the landlord claims of $4,000. His teams, machinery, that he can make as much by renting hired labor and living expenses will his farm as he can by farming it him- foot up not far from $3,000 additional. self, and save himself the labor and In other words, his invested capital the risk involved in actual farming. equals that of the owner, with this dif- The economic argument for the ference: much—one might say all— of existence of a farmer landlord class is his capital consists of perishable matter, strong in its final appeal to the pocket- the value of which rapidly deteriorates. book. What shall be said of the social

Now as to returns. When the causes ? threshing machine is gone the owner When a farmer finds himself growing takes, on a fair average yield, one-half well into the forties, with boys and of 3,000 bushels of wheat and one-half girls of high-school age about him, of 2,500 bushels of oats. The wheat when he realizes that education is to sells for, let us say, 75 cents. Then his play a constantly more important part account stands as follows: in the problem of getting a living, By 1,500 bu. wheat at 75c. per bu. $1,125 .00 when he sees his old neighbors renting " 1,250 oats " 25c. " " 312.50 their farms and moving into town he grows uneasy. He begins to wonder Total income $1,437 . 50 what it would cost to live in town; Charged to threshing $250.00 how it would feel to jostle shoulders ' ' taxes, repairs and seed 5 00 . 00 with the banker; how it would feel to see his boy a business man, his girl a Total outlay $750 . 00 society woman. He begins to see his Net income $687 . 50 own life as a sort of grind. The glamour pretty fair return for A $7,000 of the town is over him. In general invested. his wife and children are eager for the Now for the tenant. His account change. It is made. The house in will stand something after this fashion town become the home. The farm

Total income $1,437 • 5° becomes a place from which the an- nual income is drawn. Charged to threshing $250.00 " living 500.00 The farmer in town is not, socially,

hired help 300 . 00 a success. Perhaps I ought not to " sinking fund 300 . 00 say that without some qualification. What I wish to make clear is this: No Total outlay $1,350.00 matter how well received he may be,

Net income $87 . c;o no matter how welcome to society, That is the story, reduced to cold there is always a feeling of being ill at figures, of the result of the labors of the ease. Culture is a deep thing. The tenant farmer. That gives, in a nut- farmer may be cultured, but the super- shell, the economic reason for the ex- ficial polish that marks "society" he istence of the farmer landlord. has not, and seldom succeeds in getting. Tenants get ahead financially, but He has detached himself from the one — —!

520 WATSON'S MAGAZINE calling he knows, without finding a of isolation and of clannishness. They place in the idlers' world. Books, are more than mere business aids. music, art, the drama, do not as a rule They, too, help to broaden the farmer's mean very much to him. He would sphere of interest, and to extend his rather sit on a grocery counter and sympathies. The trolley is bringing to tell horse-swapping stories than dress him the advantage of city life with- for an evening party. I really do not out its drawbacks. Where it goes he know of any other man so much to be becomes part of a great community pitied as the farmer, still hale and that compels quickened thought and strong, who tries to content himself higher thinking. with an idle life in town. And yet! The results are meagre-

Whatever may be the ultimate effect, meagre ! After all is said, it is hunger socially and in a business way, upon hunger of the soul—that urges men of his family, removing to town is a bad mature years to exchange comfort for a thing for the farmer. He rusts out. plantation. And all the rural mail, and He is without occupation for brain or the trolley lines, and the telephones can- hands. He is one of earth's idlers not feed that hunger. We must educate and the fact galls him. He putters Educate the boy to the meaning and around his little garden, playing at the beauty of country life; educate the farming. He becomes an "odd jobs" man to the fact that the farm is the man. Perhaps he has his club where best place where he ever may hope to he and his farmer cronies live over, live. Educate both to broader ideals. between the long silences and the pipes Lay broader and deeper the founda- of tobacco, their part in the history tions of our present public school sys- of the West. His dream of social life tem. Put life into it. Teach the is nothing but delusion—and all too beauty of rural life. Do not stint the late he knows it. measure that is given to the farmer These, then, the reality and the children. All the richest of song and dream, are the things which attract of history and of science is none too men from the farm cityward. And so good for the children of the farm. The long as the dream continues to flaunt farmer, more than other men, needs its vision of social enjoyment, and so culture; the farmer, more than most long as the hard business fact of other men, lacks it. And culture is a financial independence and release from life process. grinding labor holds true, just so long If the tendency toward absentee own- will men vend their goods, rent their ership of our farms is to be checked, farms and move to town. we must find not only the causes that The remedy for this admittedly impel men to leave their homes and undesirable condition of affairs is not fields to the care of others ; we must also to wage war against rentals. The find the remedy—a widening of their better remedy is to widen the social outlook upon the world. life of the farm. The postal depart- In time we will come to look upon ment reports that the rural mail routes farming as it really is—a noble voca- are largely accountable for the heavy tion, full of beauty, of opportunity, of deficit in that department. I think it chance for culture. Then men will not is not too much to say that the Govern- leave the farm for the city because of ment could well- afford to maintain the advantages offered by the latter. the rural mail routes even did they Rather, the reverse will be true, and not return one cent of revenue to the men will find true enjoyment and postal funds. There are some things, pleasure, as well as profit, in the culti- the vital assets of a nation, which you vation of their own farms. cannot place in the budget balance. When? That is one of them. The telephones, When we make farming a profession. interlacing neighborhoods, have done When we make the farm the centre of much to break down the old feelings culture. !

The Politician: According to Bobby Jonks

a skunk was a noise instead of an odor you could kick him once and hear IF him for two miles and several days, but a. politician wears a bland smile and warmly shakes your hand whether he knows you or not. One nice thing about the skunk is that there are so few of him. He is so self- respecting that he never hunts you up to thrust his unwelcome presence upon you, while 'most any time when you are going through the woods a-whistling and wotting not you are liable to encounter a congressman-at-large. That is what is known as paying too dear for your whistle. A politician will say anything and do anything to get elected, declaring at the top of his voice that he was born between two hills of corn, as it were, and would rather be right than be President, when in reality he is in no more danger of being either or eyther, as the case may be, than me and you are this minute, but the little animal I have just mentioned remains silent but ominous, giving and asking no quarter, and defying the navies of the world, so to express it. My Uncle Bob says, as far as he is concerned, he'd rather be wrong than be a member of the legislature, and if that be treason make the most of it —which I say is right

Politicians kiss babies ; there are many less babies to the square foot nowadays than there used to be, and much more politicians. From this we should suspect that politics is fatal to the young and ought to be prohibited, like whisky and the oil of tobacco. Patrick Henry said, as for him, give him Liberty or give him Death, and they gave him one or the other, or both—I forget which, now. John Hancock was a great man. He didn't talk loud, but he could write louder than 'most anybody of his time. The names of the rest of the fellers that signed the Declaration of Independence merely look like citizens on foot, and then here comes the big, portly signature of John Hancock in carriages, and you never remember any of the rest of them at all. Once there was a little boy who defined " demagogue " as " a vessel for holding wines and other liquors," and everybody laughed at him. But, all the same, he was nearer right than the folks that made a mock of him, for the word comes from "demi," meaning half, and "gog," to nod; and we all know how pleasantly a politician will nod when the demijohn is mentioned. If I was as smart as some older people I could name, I'd look it up in the dictionary before I laughed at an innocent little boy! You'd naturally think that the skunk was a spoiled child, but in reality he was born so, while the politician is first honest and then "the Hon." This is all I know about the skunk— I mean, the politician.

Chopping Him Off

13 ORROWBY—Ah, Grimshaw ! May I see you apart for just a moment ? -*-' Grimshaw— Don't come apart. Was born in one piece. 521 A CURE FOR THE GOLD FEVER BY ALICE LOUISE LEE

SLEEPER sat in his room read- "Rough!" echoed Mrs. Power. "If JO ing a small but aspiring Wyoming you mean the people, Jo, you know the sheet, the Meeteetse News. The gallantry and reverence Western men article which held his attention have for a woman is proverbial." It was a short and glowing account was the sixth time Mrs. Power had of a new mining camp in the Sho- made the same remark in Jo's hearing. shone Mountains, five thousand feet " Will writes me"—Will was a Western nearer heaven than was Meeteetse, cousin, who, as local manager for the although both were located in Big Miner's Camp Mineral Company, was Horn County. responsible for the flitting of the " — . . . . the stranger is sur- Powers "that Georgie will be a great prised," he read, "to see the buildings addition to the society of the place. It which have recently been erected in will be greatly to Georgie's advantage Miner's Camp, stores, hotels and resi- to go as well as ours." dences that would be a credit to a Mrs. Power spoke firmly. She was much older camp—there is a better nothing if not firm, being the reverse of promise of good ore here than existed her husband who, as she often re- in the Black Hills—capital is flowing marked, was ready at any minute "to into this new mining region at such a fly off the handle, and tell everything " rate that it behooves would-be invest- he knows! She gave out only such ors to hurry up if they want to get in portions of knowledge as would re- on the ground floor. It is a beautiful, dound to the credit of the family. happy and healthful camp and is here Mr. Power sat now in the easiest to stay." chair on the porch, his eyes round with "I wish it was not," commented Jo anticipation of investments in gold grimly. mines, his confidential tongue checked Laying the paper aside with a delib- by the presence of his wife, his shoes eration which characterized all his nervously tapping the floor. He oc- movements, he took his square, beard- casionally passed his fingers in a flurried less face between his hands and thought. manner over his head, thereby disar- He had never caught the gold fever ranging the few hairs carefully plastered himself, but his nearest neighbors had, across the crown by frequent appli- and the result was not satisfactory to cations of Hosford's Hair Restorer. Jo. He had no objection to Mrs. "Pennsylvania," pursued Mrs. Power's taking charge of a boarding- Power evenly, "is a good place to be house in Miner's Camp. He had not born in and die in, but if a body wants the slightest objection to Mr. Power's to amount to anything between times, prancing attendance there on his wife, the West is the place for 'em to live in but he did object to Wyoming's swal- and invest in." lowing up the third member of the "A man might settle down in this Power family. slow country and starve, really starve!" "It'll be too rough a place to take interpolated Mr. Power, bouncing about Georgie to," he remarked bluntly to in his chair. Georgie's parents as he sat on their Looking at Mr. Power's attenuated porch the following afternoon. figure one might have taken his words 522 —

A CURE FOR THE GOLD FEVER 523

literally, but the substantial form of his Georgie shall have every social advan- thirty-year helpmeet proved them tage in the place. She sha'n't be only figurative. tied up in the kitchen. I can afford "Georgie," continued Mrs. Power, to hire help with a houseful of men her words flowing undisturbed under payin' nine a week for board." Her her husband's excited remarks, "will voice ceased as her sharp eyes followed have opportunities in the West which Jo through the short lane and into she lacks in the East." the old orchard. What thos eopportunities were Mrs. Under the early harvest tree in the Power did not state, but Mr. Power grass, a row of green apples spread did, the moment she had disappeared childishly around her, sat a girl singing into the kitchen. He hitched along the blithely. "Hello, Jo! "she called merrily. boards until he could lay a confidential His only response was a smile, and hand on Jo's shoulder. had he known it, the girl never came 44 We want her to marry rich, Jo," so near loving him as when he smiled. in a rasping whisper. "We're ex- All that was good and true in his nature pectin' to make a little pile ourselves appeared in his smile, and no one off the boarding-house and investin' the else coaxed so many from him as same in the mine—that's for old age did Georgie, light-hearted, fun-loving, but we want Georgie to marry rich. scarlet-lipped Georgie. The woods are full of rich old bachs "Ge-or-gie," came her mother's per- out there, Jo, and a pretty girl can have emptory tones from the back porch. her pick. Plenty of rich men, plenty." "Ge-or-gie, come here at once." This information also was adapted from The girl laughed roguishly. She the letters of the sanguine Western knew why her mother called, and she cousin. "And," finished Mr. Power, knew that Jo knew. The smile disap- "there ain't anything too good for peared from his lips and his eyes Georgie." hardened. "I agree with you," replied Jo, "Are you going?" steadily shaking the twitching hand "Of course," laughed Georgie, hold- from his shoulder. ing up her hands for assistance in He sat on the edge of the porch, his rising. "When my mother calls I hands clasped about his knees, gazing must go." down the narrow valley flanked by low, Jo lifted her to her feet and then fertile hills. Here and there were stood holding both her small hands groups of trees waving lazily in the tightly. "Georgie, will you stay with breeze. Fields of sprouting grain, me? " he asked simply. " I want you." green with the June rains, lay on either It was an oft -repeated question, but side of a winding creek. Up from the one Georgie could not meet with her west rolled fleecy clouds sweeping usual coquetry. It always stirred shapeless shadows beneath them across her deeply to see the pleading in the the valley. man's dark eyes, the wistfulness in his "I wonder," said Jo under his breath, clean-cut face and feel the tenderness "if you'll see anything better than which overflowed toward her in his this." Then he rose, drawn by a manner, but never in his words. sound from the orchard. A sweet, Therefore she replied gently, "I girlish voice was singing "The Old wish I cared enough, Jo, indeed I do!" Kentucky Home." There was no urging. He dropped "I'll find Georgie," he said briefly her hands, saying quietly, "It's not to Mr. Power. ' Jo's words were always your fault that you can't, Georgie." brief. His strength lay in his actions. The tears sprang to her eyes as they At the kitchen door stood Mrs. walked along in silence. She was Power and a neighbor. " I intend to never so womanly, so true to herself keep plenty of hired girls," Georgie's as when she was with Jo. mother was saying, "for I intend that At the orchard gate they stopped. '

524 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

"I've been thinking, Georgie, that it and a strangling sob forced its way is possible the West may disappoint through his throat. The white mull you. If it does, I want you to remem- curtains tied with blue ribbons, the ber that your old home is waiting for mull dresser cover, the clean, white you, with orwithoutme, as you choose." wallpaper with its blue forget-me-nots Jo had purchased the Power home- all spoke a language to him which stead just as it stood. The boarding- smote hard on his loyal heart. Ap- house, so wrote the cousin, contained proaching the white-robed bed he all necessary furnishings. stooped and touched his lips to the Georgie impulsively laid her hand pillow. As he arose, a scrap of paper on his arm. "There's no one quite lying on the floor caught his eye. It like you, Jo; I'll remember." was a bit torn from a letter in Mrs. Two days later the stage was being Power's writing. heaped with the Powers' personal men in the West are so effects, while the elder Powers bade courteous and gallant. We expect our their neighbors a joyful farewell. Georgie . Fragments of Mrs. Power's speech Jo read with smarting eyes and reached Jo as he assisted the stage crushed the paper in a strong hand as driver with the baggage. "Home- he locked the door. "It was always sick? Of course not—nine dollars a 'Almost, Jo!' with her," he thought, week. I shall make arrangements to "and now it will never be with all take more at once—Georgie—the soci- those gallant Westerners around. Her ety life of the place—gallantry of West- mother will be sure to write to me ern men—investment in my cousin's about them! " he ended bitterly. mines— " Into his wife's steady speech But to his surprise Mrs. Power did Mr. Power continually and excitedly not write immediately. Summer butted. Mr. Power was in his element. dragged itsjlf to an end and autumn He was clad in a new suit and a white followed, equally tedious to Jo. Not waistcoat, his hair a shade darker than until early December did the expected usual owing to a compound dose of letter arrive the contents whereof Hosford's Hair Restorer. He could were totally unlike Mr:,. Power. The scarcely wait until the stage started, letter was a masterpiece of vagueness. so anxious was he to set out for the 'There's nothing about Power, nor land of gold mines. Georgie, nor gallantry—nor investing " Good-bye, Jo," he called finally, in gold mines—no, nor anything else," and his tone held a note of pity for the said Jo in bewilderment after he read man he was leaving in possession of it. the old homestead. The last was the only definite sen- As the stage rolled away, neither tence in the letter and that he re-read Mr. nor Mrs. Power glanced back, several times. At the second reading but Georgie looked around with wet he raised his eyebrows. An idea began eyes and waved her hand at Jo, who to dawn on him. When he had read it smiled gravely and then turned back the third time he whistled and said " into his new possessions. With a aloud: No, I won't—but I'll take 'em great loneliness in his heart he made to you! a circuit of the rooms, many of which The sentence was abrupt. "Jo, do were familiar to him. Upstairs there you suppose you could send me a box was one which he decided should re- of greenings from the old tree under main untouched. It opened on the Georgie's window? I always have had front balcony and was furnished in apple dumplings Christmas and I can't blue and white, Georgie's favorite get apples here that taste like the home colors. It was as dainty as the girl ones." herself, and when Jo closed the door That illuminating sentence started and backed up against it, looking Jo West five days before Christmas. around, the blood burned his cheeks A delayed train stalled him in Chicago " "

A CURE FOR THE GOLD FEVER 525

twenty-four hours, and it was not until ous sky between. With his eyes on the the morning before Christmas that he mountains and his thoughts on the left the Cody stage at Meeteetse and driver's words concerning Georgie, Jo climbed into the Miner's Camp stage. was finally aroused by a swing of the "Goin' up to the diggin's to stay?" stage around a wooded curve and be- asked the driver, gathering up the reins fore him lay—not the Miner's Camp of his four broncos and regarding his of the Meeteetse News—but the real passenger out of the tail of a roving camp in its winter ugliness and forlorn - eye. Jehu wore chaps and a fur coat ness, a few dirt-chinked log cabins whose inside pocket contained a bottle, huddled beneath tall Spar. the contents of which unduly animated The driver indicated a shack standing his tongue. apart from the rest and smacked his " No, " replied Jo. Then , his thoughts lips. "Saloon's full. Boys are all in reverting to the article in the Meeteetse to celebrate—tomorrow's Christmas, News, he inquired, "What's the best you know. And here's the Powers'," hotel in Miner's Camp ? he added, drawing in his leaders in front Jehu screwed up his left eye in won- of a long, low cabin, "and there's the der. " Hotels in the diggin's! Well, Dude himself! I've yet to hear of any. There's The door of the shack was open, and Uncle Josh's boarding-house and the in it stood a man whom at first Jo did

Powers'. Better go to Powers . Get not recognize on account of his pro- good grub there and see a damned truding waistcoat and thin white hairs pretty girl." The driver turned his guiltless of Hosford's Hair Restorer. whisky-flushed face on Jo and grinned. Then, "Why, Jo Sleeper!" cried a "Don't strike her trail, though, unless familiar voice, and this caricature of the you want to be right in fashion, the old-time Power rushed out to greet his latest style. But if ye do strike it, git guest effusively, well-nigh tearfully. " a good six-shooter, for you'll need it! "What brought you out here?" he in- Jo opened his lips for an unwise reply, quired, wringing the other's hands. but a blast of wind sucking down Wood Without awaiting a reply his tones sank River Canon carried away the words, to their confidential key. "Jo, I want and he bent his head to the gale. to tell you before ma gets hold of you. As they crossed the meadows, the Don't come to this— " he glanced driver asked suddenly: "Ever meet furtively around and then approached old Dude?" the young man's ear, while the word "Who?" in astonishment. burst out with a relish—" damned " Old Dude Power. He struck camp place to get rich. There ain't any gold with a bald-faced vest on, and a cut- here, for sure. These fellows just work throat collar. Gosh! The Lord must on and on thinkin' there will be, some have got out of good dirt when he made time. They're plumb gone quartz that fool and give him sixteen hairs crazy. Jo, instead of gettin' rich here, to plaster over his crown! If 'twan't for you'll be apt to get fat!" This last his girl the boys would have the time was spoken in bitterness of spirit. of their lives with that old merry-go- The climate had agreed with Mr. Power round. But say! the old lady's a to the extent of seventy-five encumber- hustler when she's alive." ing additional pounds of flesh. " " Alive! echoed Jo. Jo sought to check this confidential The driver shook his head. "Alti- torrent by leading the way to the tude don't agree with her. Heart lays shack. Inside the door he paused and her by for repairs most of the time." glanced round, barely suppressing an The rest of the journey was accom- exclamation at the bareness which met plished without further conversation. his eyes. This, then, was Georgie's Up rose themountains on each side of the setting—the natural log walls uncov- narrow canon until they cut the heav- ered and unornamented, the bare, un- ens, leaving only a streak of tempestu- even pine board floor, the rough home- "

526 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

made chairs and benches, the unblacked form, his face red with exertion and heater, whose pipe stretched crooked humiliation, supplied the place of the upward through the roof in place of a lacking waitress. chimney. Hardship and discomfort The boarders ate hurriedly, and al- were represented everywhere. most in silence, leaving the table and A few men sat around silently view- the house one by one. The rising ing the newcomer. They were a few volume of drunken sound over in the of the quartz-crazy boarders awaiting saloon told of their destination. The supper. The remainder were over in camp, generally orderly enough, had the saloon. Jo sat down beside the let itself loose for the celebration of box stove and held his hands to the Christmas. warmth, his eyes wandering from a " Listen, Jo," whispered Power, when door behind the long oilcloth-covered the last man had departed. "They're board table to a heavy dark curtain, good fellows enough most of the time, which divided the room behind the but holidays the prospectors and stove. ranchmen come in from all around and "Ma is in there," Power whispered. then it's awful. Of course it's —no "She'll see you after supper. She's danger to us—I'm not afraid, Jo ailin' worse than usual today. Guess his teeth were chattering—"but they it's because tomorrow's Christmas 'way shoot for fun, just smoke up the lights out here." The remark was am- in the saloon and blaze at anything biguous, but Jo, nodding, thought he they come across promiscuous and understood as his host disappeared when you think there ain't a law officer behind the curtain. this side Meeteetse, thirty miles away, Presently the door behind the table and if there was he'd be probably " swung back and, in the doorway, her drunk hands full of dishes, stood Georgie—an "Father," Georgie's voice broke in altered Georgie. There was not a ves- on the torrential whisper. "Here's tige of color on her once rounded mother's supper. She wants to see Jo cheeks until she glanced up and saw Jo. after she eats it. Will you take it to Then the blood rushed rich and red to her ? " Then she sat down and made a her face and the dishes dropped on the pretense of eating her own supper. table with a clatter. There was an expression of appre- Her confusion was but momentary. hension in the big, tired eyes which she Instantly she raised her head with a raised to Jo's and a drawn look around dignity he had never seen in her and them that went to his heart. came forward with outstretched hand. He looked at her hands, cracked and "I am surprised—Jo—and glad to see red, and then around the room, deso- you." She spoke quietly and turned late, ill-lighted, unhomelike. " Poor at once to the men. " Supper is ready. little girl," he whispered, covering her Sit here, Jo." Then under cover of hand as it lay on the table. "Life the noise of moving shoes and chairs here is hard for you." she explained in a low tone. "I am Tears filled the girl's eyes. She did obliged to stay in the kitchen while not withdraw her hand at once—in- father waits on table. We have no stead, she looked away with a catch in help." her breath that sounded like a sob to That his meeting with Georgie had Jo, who raised her unresisting hand produced a sensation among the men against his cheek, repeating, "Poor Jo felt rather than saw. It seemed to little girl." him that the atmosphere was charged When she answered him her voice with emotional dynamite, just ready to was not quite steady. "Yes, life is explode. He thought- of the stage hard here with mother sick. We can driver's warning and glanced from face get no help—but all that, Jo, is not so to face around the table while Mr. difficult to bear as—some other things." Power, an apron enveloping his ample Joe's thoughts flashed back again to I •

A CURE FOR THE GOLD FEVER 527 the stage driver's comments and to the appear careless, Mrs. Power asked: atmosphere which enveloped the men "Does the old place look natural?" at the table, but he asked no questions. But she turned a face to Jo which was "Jo! Jo Sleeper!" called a weak filled with unmistakable longing as voice from behind the curtain. " I've he spoke of the crops, of the fine yield finished my supper. Come here." of greenings on the tree outside Geor- Just behind Georgie was an un- gie 's window, and the slight changes curtained window, and as Jo rose he his housekeeper had made. saw a man flash out of sight. "Oh," As he talked, sounds from the saloon exclaimed Georgie beneath her breath. became louder and louder. " The boys She, too, had caught a glimpse of the are having their—their fun," explained intruder. She pushed her chair back Mrs. Power apologetically. "They hastily. "Go in to mother, Jo. I— don't do that regularly, but it's Christ- am afraid of my shadow tonight, I mas Eve, you know," and Jo, arising, think." She laughed nervously. refrained from any question concerning Mrs. Power was sitting up in bed the gallantry of Western men. leaning against her pillows, her hand As he dropped the curtain behind held to her left side, breathing hur- him, followed by Mr. Power, he came riedly from the excitement of seeing face to face with Georgie. She was her old neighbor. She was emaciated pale, but her eyes were blazing. A and yellow-skinned. Her eyes, unnat- shawl lay over her shoulders and her urally large, shone feverishly as she hair was wind tumbled. Impulsively talked. she laid her hand on Jo's breast and "Jo, don't you go back to Penn- pushed him back. sylvania and tell 'em how we're situ- "You are in danger, Jo," she whis- ated," she implored, with a vestige pered. " If the men were sober there of her old domineering pride. "It'll would be no trouble, but they are all be different by and bye when I get drunk. Go back with mother. You'll used to the altitude. Georgie won't be safe there." have to work so hard then—and we'll At her first words Jo came to a lay something by to invest when my standstill and looked down at Georgie " cousin strikes gold while Mr. Power noiselessly slipped "Lord!" burst out a voice behind between the curtains again and slid Jo. Mr. Power had pushed aside the under his wife's bed. Outside of the curtains. "Invest! We won't ever shack arose vague sounds. Georgie have anything to invest along of the moved between the window and Jo, awful prices here and gettin' -a doctor speaking in a low, rapid tone, while " from a hundred miles away and the blood colored her white face: His wife quelled him with a severe "I must tell you plainly, Jo— glance as she continued: "In time they're in a jangle over me, jealous, we shall probably be able to secure although I've never given them cause " help to be. There have been threats of "There ain't a woman within thirty- shooting among themselves. I 've been five miles except ma and Georgie," Mr. dreading tonight and tomorrow on that Power interpolated obstinately. account, but someone saw you through Mrs. Power's fingers picked at the the window as we sat at the supper blankets. "Then we can look more table and they're all drunk and against like home here." Her voice lingered you." There was a confusion of low on the word "home." sounds outside and a smothered laugh. Jo glanced around the curtains and "They put it that they are going to cramped space containing two beds, take you out for some fun—Jo, you and thought of the dainty, airy blue must not fall into their hands. They're and white room opposite his own. It armed and drunk. You don't know was just as Georgie had left it. what that means here." Presently, in a voice intended to Once more she tried to push him "

52S WATSON'S MAGAZINE back, but she was pushing against a you are the first we've taken into our rock. Outside a call arose: "Hey, confidence. I am here to marry Miss Dude, send that tenderfoot out here. Georgie Power." The pulls from the We want to give him a taste of a other side of the door suddenly ceased. Western Christmas. Send him out ! " We will be married in Cody tomorrow With a low cry Georgie stepped evening, and after spending some time back and blew out the light. Instantly in Southern California with her father a shout of drunken derision went up and mother, we are all going home to and guns were hilariously discharged, Pennsylvania." while the cries of ''Send him out, He paused. The silence became Dude!" were redoubled. oppressive. Then quietly and with a The moon struck a shaft of light note of finality, "Goodnight, friends, across Georgie's pleading face. Jo and a merry Christmas to you all." found her hands and drew her to him. Another pause while Jo waited, his " Georgie, is there someone in par- hand on the door latch. Suddenly he ticular here who ?" of the gruff voice turned on his heel "No— oh, no!" she interrupted in and started across the canon followed breathless vehemence. by the others. Jo stood motionless Without further words he released until the last man had departed before her and swiftly relighted the lamp. he re-entered the shack. Then he stepped to the door and drew On her knees beside her mother's back the bolt. bed he found Georgie, her face buried "Jo, Jo," came in a sharp, fear- in the blankets. Stooping silently, he smitten whisper behind him, but he laid a caressing hand on her head. In was out. front of the bed sat Mr. Power, his hair Bareheaded, cool, collected, he stood disarranged by reason of contact with in front of the door and held it shut the slats of the bed, giving vent to dis- with one hand regardless of the at- jointed, but delighted, remarks, which tempts to open it from within. He were overridden by his wife's steady faced a dozen armed men suddenly tones. sobered by the audacity of his appear- Mrs. Power was sitting bolt upright ing. on the edge of the bed, her eyes shining "Well, men," came his calm, slow and her voice ringing with a newly " voice, "what do you want of me?" born strength. Seems to me you two There ensued a silence. What did have kept this pretty still! But then, they want? They would have known young folks don't consult their parents had they been obliged to drag him as they1 did when I was a girl. But from some hiding-place, pale and trem- if you're going to take Georgie back bling, but what did they want of a to Pennsylvania— as long as she's all man who faced them as coolly as though we've got—folks would think it queer they wore Christmas toy pistols ? if we didn't go along," a great relief " We want to know what you're doin' spoke through her tone. " Georgie, here?" a gruff voice finally inquired. hand me my clothes. We've got a sight Oh, yes! That was really what they of packing to do if we get off tomor- would like to know. A dozen more row. Pa, get my shoes down from inquiries arose. "What 're you doin' that beam over the bed, and stop your here?" talking. Jo, you and Georgie can go to Jo's voice was even more deliberate California if you want to, but pa and I than usual. "I'll tell you, men, and will go straight back home." Will She Avenge Her Cub? Warren, in Boston Herald.

Destroy the Money Trust and All Trusts Will Die Gordon Nye, after Carl Browne.

October, 1906 —4— 529 Money and Taxation AN ANSWER AND A REPLY

article in Watson's Maga- on this point than Henry George? Let THEzine for March entitled, "The us get out his "Progress and Poverty" Philosophy of Money," accord- and polish up our political economy a ing to my lights, is a time-honored bit. Do not let us fear to be a little stumbling-block in the path of finan- radical. Sticking to old lines will never cial progress, whose ultimate effect is help us. We are in new times and they but to discourage the people from any require new expedients. We have some hope of ever bettering their condition, big questions before us, and if we can- since, not being their cause, it cannot be not see the future clearly, let us at least their cure. This view only makes con- aim to understand the causes which fusion worse confounded. make the present. Did it never occur to you that if our The remedy does not lie in the cur- whole monetary system were abandoned rency, but in the laws and the customs and exchange slips galore were floated which admit and permit of labor com- over the land, slips having no intrinsic petition, which tends to the lowest value themselves, but representing wages; land ownership, which eats all value and recognized as legal tender profits from laborer as well as from by the people (the Government), as the tenant; and the red tape and corrup- writer intimates in his quotation on tion of the Government, which make the concurrent expression of Jefferson, vast monopoly possible, and thus Franklin and Paine, that "good paper create the tyrannizing power which money based on the credit of the people profits on labor. These great princi- others, atten- is the best money ever invented by ples and many need our man," did it never occur to you that tion. rights to all is our theme; if even such a system were adopted Equal there might be some people who might let us work upon it, and daring to de- be forced to accept less credit slips (or mand our rights as free and equal citi- less money than their services entitled zens of our "Land of Liberty" (don't them to; or that they might have to pay let this phrase become a farce), assert for the chance to work or the necessi- our manhood, and shake off this cring- of ties of living (rent for a piece of land, ing and obsequious attitude prostrat- freight, exchange, etc.), extortion which ing ourselves in reverence before an would overbalance their producing unjust and anti-Christian power which capacities? What is to prevent either we call wealth, and a perverted use of or both of these possibilities? our Constitution which we call Law. will If a man receives less than he pro- The yoke be put on so long as we duces, either in direct exchange or in bend our necks to it. Until every man credit, then he is in debt; deferred pay- in the nation is as interested in the ments are the result. The article says, welfare of his country as he is in that his fireside, I say "The cause is the inadequate volume of own home and we States, of the debt-paying instrument." An have and can have no United absurdity! Can anyone be more lucid but conflicting states, and every fire- 530 ! .

MONEY AND TAXATION 531

side will be robbed of its peace in "ground rent,": "unearned increment" proportionate degree. or "land value" assessed against each. Henry W. Eustis. This thing is money. But public revenues consist in those THE REPLY services and commodities which are necessary, or considered necessary, in For the sake of argument, suppose carrying on government. In the last we admit as just and correct Henry analysis, public revenues do not con- George's plan to take land values for sist of money—it is merely a simplified public revenues. Suppose we look at system of bookkeeping. The Presi- it simply as a fiscal policy, a plan of dent's services, horses and forage for taxation, without regard to its ultimate the army, powder and big shot for the object: access to the land upon the navy, timber and steel plate for the basis of equality. Can it be put into navy yard—these and the many other successful operation without regard to services and commodities are the real our money system? I do not so be- revenues. Were those who furnish lieve. them not reimbursed in some way Whether we call it "ground rent," they would be the real taxpayers. "unearned increment," or simply "land But they are reimbursed—and in value," the thing Mr. George purposes the very thing which is designated as taking for public revenues is an ideal, the only solvent of tax levies: money. intangible thing. As such, it cannot be And so the circuit is complete. And delivered to the taxing power. Some- if it be "good paper money based on thing else—an equivalent—a tangible, the credit of the people," as Jefferson, material thing must be delivered in- Franklin and Paine agreed, it is un- stead. doubtedly "the best money ever in- Now, taxes may be paid "in kind," vented by man," for the obvious reason where the levy is made upon articles of that it gives no special privilege to the wealth, as, for example, under the tith- producer of any commodity whatso- ing system; but not so in the case of ever—not even to the producer of land values. The lot upon which silver and gold, as is the case under stands the Flatiron Building has an free coinage of these metals. ever-increasing value; yet but little in Can Mr. Eustis apply the single tax the nature of commodities is produced without reference to the money sys- there; and of the services rendered, tem? If he can, we might admit his few would be of use to the Government, broad statement that "the remedy does Federal, state or local, if payment "in not lie in the currency, but in the laws kind" were the rule. and the customs which admit and per- Payment of taxes "in kind," being mit of labor competition, which tends impracticable under our highly de- to the lowest wages; land ownership, veloped system of division of labor, it which eats all the profits from laborer becomes necessary for Government to as well as from tenant," etc. If he designate some particular thing which cannot do this, he has failed to score all must deliver in payment of the C. Q. De France.

Her Confession

(^LADYS BEAUTIGIRL—I do not understand how Jack Rushington, crip- ^-Jr pled as he is with rheumatism in his right shoulder, could have kissed you against your will ? Dolly Swift—My dear, a handsome fellow like Jack Rushington could have kissed me against my will with both hands tied behind his back 3 —

THE DOCTOR B^ JTORV flR^rWi^-Rta^ror.

CHAPTER X antediluvian fossil and a bit of a boy.' We seem bound to get the worst of it." it LOOK here, Mr. Hotchkiss," Hotchkiss chuckled. I said, the next morning after "Has Harry ever mentioned again breakfast, "I'm a little un- the man who visited the car the night easy about the responsibility I've you lay over on the sidetrack?" taken in this house. We can't go "Never," I said. "He has never ahead with that operation without referred to it, and he has never men- consulting some of Mr. St. John's tioned the fact that he saw Georgia people. Suppose he doesn't pull Ellis the same night, when she took through." something from one of Miss Martin's Hotchkiss stopped his nervous walk bottles." up and down the veranda, and "For a good reason," he said as- frowned thoughtfully. suredly. "For the best of reasons. "His only relative, besides myself, He never mentioned that visit because is his father's sister, and she has lived it never occurred." ?" in Dresden for a dozen years. As far "You mean— I gasped. as responsibility goes, Harry seems to "I mean," he replied enigmatically, have taken the thing into his own "that Miss Martin is probably subject hands. There's no one to consult that to nightmare." I know except his wife, and she is I had not thought of such a possible barred." solution before—not the solution the "Miss Ellis," I suggested. little man's words suggested, but the "Georgia's a nice girl, a very nice implication in his voice. Was it pos- girl, Dr. Pierce. I like her as well as I sible that Miss Martin had devised the like any woman, which isn't as much story, with some object which I could as it ought to be, perhaps. But if you not even surmise? And there was the don't want to tell Harry's wife, don't incident of the box which I found in tell her best friend. It would slip out her bedroom. some way. As for the operation, it's " I'll venture to say," went on Hotch- Harry's privilege to make a decision kiss, "that Harry has left her a tidy that means more to him than to any- sum in his will." one else." "Not only that, but he intends to "I'll be glad when it's over," I said double it." fervently. "With the best intentions "Well," he said thoughtfully, "it's in the world, the two sides of the family a very clever piece of work, and well

are deceiving each other ; Mrs. St. John's carried out, but we'd better get rid of brother and cousin are ranged with her Miss Martin. If it was anyone but to conceal something from the other Harry, I would say let the thing go on party, which seems to include, as you until we could catch her red-handed. said the other day, an invalid, —an But I'm fond of Harry—he's a good pardon me, I am quoting you 'an boy—and we'd better dispense with 532 ' ——

THE DOCTOR'S STORY 533 the lady in the cap before she makes piece of wood from the woodpile when another error in his medicine." you have a revolver in your pocket? " But the other things," I objected Why ? Because any tramp could have "the light in the tower, the shriek, and used the wood, while the revolver at the man who came to the car that once incriminates you. The criminal night? Even granting that Miss Mar- worthy of the name avoids the obvious. tin would commit a crime of that Any member of the family could have nature—which seems incredible made the exchange in the boxes—any what do you make of these other drug-clerk be blamed for the error things?" Without such a possibility, the blame Hotchkiss had been watching a flat would have fallen on the nurse at stone near the edge of the veranda, once." where on sunny days an agile slate- "But she raised the alarm." colored salamander was accustomed "For one of two reasons —remorse, to sun himself. Now with stealthy which is unlikely, or fear, which is steps he stole down, his soft felt hat in probable." his hand; but in the instant of the It seemed plausible, and however un- hat's descent, the little lizard had dis- pleasant the task might be, I felt that appeared, and with a grunt of disap- it was necessary to send Miss Martin pointment its would-be captor turned away at once. With our lack of proof and came back. against her it would be impossible to "I would like to investigate the give anything like the true reason, and towers," he said, as if no interruption after her assiduous attention it was had occurred. " I heard Ellis and Miss most difficult to trump up an excuse Georgia arranging to go to Carson for of any kind. some things, and Mrs. St. John is with A groom drove up with the post-bag, her husband. By the way, I saw the and Hotchkiss sorted out the mail. clerk last night who filled your prescrip- "Four for Miss Georgia, mostly mas- tion, and he almost fell behind the culine writing," he said, "although m counter when I told him I wanted to these days when women use stub pens talk to him about the medicine he put and spread all over the sheet, and men up for the young lady from Laurel- use fountain pens and write small for crest. It seems Millard had been fear the ink gives out, it's confusing, threatening him with the penitentiary. sometimes. Here's a letter—two—for He declares that he filled your prescrip- you, and one for somebody with a " tion exactly name between a cough and a sneeze. "So he did," I interrupted. George, take this back to the house- "And, moreover, that they haven't keeper—it's probably for that Polish a pink box in the store. Therefore, housemaid. And a telegram for me." whoever exchanged those boxes had One of my letters was from Franklin, brought the poison from the city, and saying that there was a vacancy on the only waited an opportunity to ad- visiting staff, and I was being spoken minister the stuff." of for the position. I don't mind say- "But if it should have been Miss ing I felt a trifle set up about it. the person you suggested, why the There were a good many older men capsules? Why not any of the drugs than I who would have given up al- she had with her—the strychnia, or the most everything but their hope of sal- chloral ? ' vation for a position on the staff there. I am afraid I fell in the estimation The other letter was from Jamieson. of Mr. Hotchkiss. He stopped poking In small, cramped writing he ac- with his pencil at a little bag of spider's knowledged receipt of my letter, and eggs securely fastened in an angle of begged to say that he saw no reason the wall, and turned to me sharply. to change his opinion of Mr. St. John's "You have the popular conception case. Also, that he regretted that a of crime," he sneered. "Why use a bad attack of gout had convinced him 534 WATSON'S MAGAZINE that he would be better for a rest, and She came willingly enough, as if it he would be at Wiesbaden about the was a new and pleasurable thing to tenth. have someone to take the initiative. So my letter had gone—after all! We went slowly under the trees, where And the unpleasant duty of telling Dr. the lawns were covered with fallen Jamieson that his patient had decided leaves and the borders, save where the to make a change in physicians was chrysanthemums glowed near the shel- now no longer needful. It was one ter of the hedges, were bare and brown. thankless task unnecessary. "I am always sad in the autumn," "Fifty-three," said Hotchkiss she said. "The trees are burying thoughtfully. "I had no idea pink their children, and the poor old world boxes were so popular with the drug looks so shabby and tired." trade." "It is time for Grandmother Nature "Fifty-three what?" I asked. to sit by the chimney," I said. "She "Fifty-three drug-stores in the city has reared a large family this summer." where they sell powders and capsules We walked on in silence to the in pink boxes," he said disgustedly. bridge. Below, the little river clat- "I hope there's a difference in shade, tered and splashed; the nasturtiums anyhow. You'll have to get that box along the rail had been nipped by the for me, Pierce." frost, and hung their flaunting yellow I agreed to make the attempt, and heads. Georgia rested her arms on the with the prospect before me of a stormy cold stone, and drew a long breath. interview with Miss Martin, I went into " I am going away," she said slowly. the house. "I'm going back home, Dr. Pierce, At the foot of the big staircase I met back to Kentucky." Georgia Ellis. She was drawing off her I was silent with sheer surprise. gloves, and her face was flushed and "The worst of it is," she went on troubled. dully, "that I ought not to go; that I "Are you not going for your drive?" ought to stay here. But I cannot, I " I asked, as she drew out the gold pins cannot! and took off her hat. "Not soon?" I asked, my voice " I have decided not to go," she said. sounding strange and unnatural to my " I—I have a headache." ears. She was going—going out of my I thought she avoided my gaze, life, when she had barely entered it! I and it dawned on me, all at once, that would never see her again—never see she, like Mrs. St. John, was looking thin that proudly uptilted chin, and the and worn. With a sudden impulse I deep eyes with the black lashes. I held out my hand. squared my shoulders and looked "Won't you let me help you?" I across to where the greens of the moun- asked. "It's—it's more than I can tains were beginning to show splotches stand to have you in trouble, and not of red and yellow. be able to do anything." "Very soon," she said sadly. "I She put her hand in mine, and it lay am running away from something I there for a moment. I wanted with ought to do, something I have given all my heart to stoop and kiss the small my word to do—and that is beyond my fingers, but as if she divined my strength. I am deserting," she said, thoughts she drew it away quickly. with a forced laugh. "Did you say "I won't force a confidence," I said. you needed an adviser?" "You have said it is not yours to give. "Yes, I need an adviser, I would " But if I can do anything like to have a friend, too," I hazarded. "If I could trust anyone, I could She made a little impatient gesture trust you." and I hurried on. "Come out on the stone bridge," " I am going to make a change, Miss I suggested. "The air will help your Ellis. Miss Martin will leave this headache, and I need an adviser." evening, and I want you to suggest a ' " "

THE DOCTOR'S STORY 535 substitute, if either you or Mrs. St. then, and I followed her. At the John has a nurse you would care to end she paused again. "Don't come employ. She should be a responsible with me," she said half-hysterically. " woman—not a girl, and "Don't ask me what I was doing with "Miss Martin going?" Her aston- the other box—don't ask me anything. ishment was almost dismay. But for heaven's sake don't go away, "It is necessary," I said doggedly. doctor; whatever happens, don't leave "While I prefer to give her the benefit these unfortunate people alone." of the doubt, there were some peculiar "But you are deserting," I said. circumstances connected with the error " If I promise to stay, will you ? in medicines the other night. For one " I cannot! " she shuddered. thing, the prescription was correctly "Tell me something," I pleaded. filled at the pharmacy in Carson—the "Let me help you, as I wanted to be- proper box turned up later, when the fore. The secret is safe with me. pink box with the poison capsules dis- Wouldn't it be better to let me know it, appeared. Then, while looking for whatever it is, than to have me going St. John's symptom chart in Miss Mar- blindly along, stumbling over things I tin's room, I came across the pink box, cannot understand, and not knowing empty." whom to trust or distrust?" She still leaned over the balustrade, "I cannot tell you," she repeated, her eyes fixed on the changing blues "but if you will promise to stay, I will and whites of the sky reflected in the stay, too. I —I'm not a coward, what- water below. But her fingers, which ever you think me." had been nervously tapping the edge of "I think you everything that is the flower-boxes, stopped suddenly, good," I said gravely, "and I want yo;i and her face was frozen and set. to know that whatever in the world you the "And one—might have—put ask me to do I will do it, if the doing is box in her room," she stammered, when possible." the silence became oppressive. "You are very good," she said, with "Not everyone would have a mo- a faint smile. tive. Miss Martin is poor and middle- Then she left me, with my heart aged; she has thought, perhaps, that jumping like a triphammer, and the " he would not live long glow of her smile tingling all over me. "Do you think that? " she flashed at me. "And she knows," I went on, ignor- CHAPTER XI ing the interruption, "that he has left her a certain amount of money in his The following day was Sunday. St. will. You see we have even a motive." John had slept fairly well, and had been "A motive that would apply to me taken in a wheeled-chair to the glass- also," she said bitterly. " I am a bene- inclosed veranda which opened from ficiary, to a certain extent, in Harry's his dressing-room. From here he com- ? will. Why don't you suspect me manded a view of the drive, as it swept " I would as soon suspect my around toward the stables, and I found mother," I said fervently. him amusing himself by watching the She stood up then and, turning horses. The coachman, dressed in around, looked straight in my eyes. livery to drive the ladies to church, was "Nevertheless," she said, and the supervising the showing off of the world seemed to shatter and fall to horses below their owner's window. pieces under my feet. "Nevertheless, Grooms and stable-boys were running Dr. Pierce, you must not send Miss around, leading stocky little cobs and Martin away. The error—it was an slim, deep-chested hunters, while now error—was mine! I gave you the pink and then a pair of shining carriage ! ' box instead of the yellow one horses, stepping together, their heads She moved quickly across the bridge proudly up, went sedately down the '

536 WATSON'S MAGAZINE drive and back again. It was a sight the man was Ellis, I had no absolute to make a man's eyes sparkle, to watch proof of the fact. that procession of beautiful horses, the "There's something else, Pierce; younger ones frisking in the frosty if ever you run across a fellow prowling morning air, the older ones moving around the place here—a tall man, with dignity, their muscles leaping into dark-eyed and sallow—I want you to play under their polished skins. let me know at once. It's unlikely, St. John turned to me with shining but it might happen, and in such a eyes. "They've been my best friends," case I must know at once. If you he said. " Next to my wife, almost my can't come, send a message." only friends." "A tall man, sallow and dark-eyed," We were both silent, watching the I repeated mechanically. parade below. Finally the grooms led "Yes—you won't find many away the last horses, and the drive was strangers around here, and he's slightly deserted. St. John turned to me stooped, so you will know him easily." impulsively. It was Ellis, beyond doubt. Dis- " You're keeping something from me, simulation had always been hard for

Pierce ; I see a change in you. You're me, and now I found myself stammer- not sleeping, for one thing, and I'll ven- ing like a schoolboy. ture you're not eating. What's the " But why—what—why should he trouble ? ' prowl around here?" I asked. "There's nothing wrong with me," I St. John twisted himself in his chair said, trying to look unconcerned. " If until he could face me squarely. I'm looking out of sorts, it's probably "I suppose," he said slowly, "that because I have been hunting imaginary every family has some sort of skeleton troubles, and, not having your powers hanging away; it happens that we of imagination, I can't find them." have one. It is not a particularly "You medical men make a specialty grim affair, but it is a thing I am not of covering a non-committal answer at liberty to mention. I can tell you, with a smother of words. Look here, however, that the man I have de- Pierce, you were going to help me in scribed is my wife's brother, and the this thing, and you are not doing it. fiance of Georgia Ellis." You're trying to keep things from me, St. John's pale face seemed to grow with a mistaken idea of shielding me, blurred and indistinct against its pil- and instead, I am worrying more over lows. Then I pulled myself together the things I conjure up than I should and managed to find an excuse for over realities. Haven't you learned leaving the room. anything?" The fiance of Georgia Ellis! She I had foreseen this moment, when I loved him, then. She would marry gave my promise of secrecy about him some day, and they would go Ellis; I had feared it ever since, but away together, while—I stumbled to now that it had come I was entirely my room and threw myself into a chair. unprepared. Well, it was all over; what use was am- " I am convinced there is a mystery," bition now, or hard work? I didn't I said at last desperately, "but it want to succeed; I didn't want any- seems to concern Georgia Ellis as thing—but the girl I loved, and who much, or even more than your wife. I belonged to another man. I sat there imagine that, when we have sifted the for an hour probably, in that condition thing down, we will find less cause for between rage and black despair which anxiety than we think." is a man's substitute for tears. I "You have learned nothing more heard the carriage start, taking the about the man who visited the car that ladies to church, and watched Ellis go night?" off for one of the long walks he took "Nothing," I answered truthfully almost daily. I looked after him with enough, for while I might surmise that a jealousy not unmixed with con- —

THE DOCTOR'S STORY 637 tempt. It was a blow to my self- "Now," he said, "let's go over this esteem that I was defeated by so sorry thing coolly. In the first place, we will a rival, for it seemed to me a feeble and grant these girls a secret, which they almost shameful thing to hide, as he are doing their best to hide. They was doing, behind the petticoats of two didn't want to come here, for one women, living on the bounty of a man thing. Why ? Not because Ellis was who despised him, and trading on the here, for he is the brother of one sympathies of the women who loved and the cousin of the other. If he was him. I gritted my teeth at the hiding here, alone, they would be thought; I had even some wild idea anxious to be with him. Well, in of going down to his native state and spite of all they can do, St. John insists hunting up the strange "politics," on coming, and comes. The night even in that country of political feuds, the car lies over at the sidetrack that could compel a man to hide in the Ellis comes down to consult with his mountains of Maine. But my hands sister. She has telegraphed him that were tied. St. John relied on me, and they are coming, and it is necessary Friday would see either the beginning to take additional steps to guard this of a new lease of life for him or the this secret. Now—the family arrives end of everything. and all goes well. It is easy to hide In the midst of a reverie that was things from a sick man, and you and becoming painful Hotchkiss knocked I and the nurse are told some cock- at the door and came in. He was and-bull story which we swallow as a plainly excited, and he went directly hen does a caterpillar. But there's to the window and watched Ellis as he a hitch some place. The secret, so tramped along a footpath which led well concealed, has a voice, and the toward the hills. evening of the day you arrive there's "Keeps out of sight of the west a shriek from the tower room over- windows, doesn't he?" he chuckled. head. There's been trouble of some I grunted some sort of a reply. sort ; the three conspirators hurry to Levity seemed out of place that morn- the tower room and pacify the secret. ing, even levity as mild as that of Georgia hears you downstairs, and Hotchkiss. being the bravest of the three—Ellis "It might be a good opportunity," has no nerves—she undertakes to go he said, wheeling around suddenly, _down and throw you off the scent. "to investigate the tower room this In some way Mrs. St. John's arm has morning?" been cut and the blood is on Georgia's I was willing, but not enthusiastic; sleeve. She tells you a brave little the things I did know had faded lie about cutting her arm with a paper- into insignificance beside the one appall- knife—and you believe it." ing fact that I did not know. How- I had been growing more and more ever, anything was better than in- excited as he went on. Now, I action, so I got up and drew a long seemed to see the whole situation in a breath. glance. " I suppose it's the best time," I said "Then there's a fourth person!" I " without enthusiasm. Have you the exclaimed. "Someone whom it is keys?" necessary to confine up there, and who "I have some skeleton keys," he may have escaped and " said. "We can get upstairs, always " Not too fast," he cautioned. "It's providing that there are no bolts." probable that there is a fourth to the "Bolts?" I asked curiously. "Why trio who are, as you said before, banded bolts, which would have to be pushed together against St. John, you and my- from the other side?" self. And I'm not prepared to say that Hotchkiss sat down then, and this fourth person may not have been pulled out his little notebook, turning responsible for the attempted murder over the pages rapidly. of St. John. But Georgia's attempt 338 WATSON'S MAGAZINE to take the responsibility would look may be the next. They are crafty, like it." these insane." "Then there's only one solution," I Ellis had long disappeared from " said eagerly. The man , whoever it is, view, and time was passing. With who is shut in the tower room is a ma- this new view of the case, that Georgia niac. Nothing else would explain that might be in danger, I was eager for the inhuman shriek and the murderous im- search. Hotchkiss got up and sorted pulse. Great heavens! what a risk over his skeleton keys. for the women to be running. Why, "This," he said, "will open the stair- it must have been an attack of some case in this wing. It's not likely we sort that injured Mrs. St. John's will get much further, but we'll do arm." what we can. Have you a revolver?" "There's another thing that I have I had, a 38-calibre Colt, and I stuck not yet mentioned," he went on, again it in my pocket. Then we went consulting his notebook. " The night quietly out and along the corridor. your friend Dr. Carter came up—last There was a Sunday calm all over Friday, I believe—you will remember the house. The white-capped house- that I arranged to find him some sort maids, who were usually polishing of a luncheon." the floors and flourishing dusters along "Yes. Go on," I said impatiently. the halls, had disappeared. No one "Well, I went back as quietly as I saw us as we fitted the key into the could to Saunders's pantry, and as I white door of the staircase and turned pushed open the swinging-door I it. almost struck Mrs. St. John. The The door opened at once. Above light was on, but she seemed to have had us stretched the stairs, gleaming and her hand on the switch button, and, as bare, while a stained-glass window at I opened the door, she turned it out. the head threw red and blue and orange But she was not quite quick enough, shadows on the white walls. It was for I had time to see a tray in her hand. rather cheerful than otherwise—there She passed me with some little remark, were no dark, shadowy corners with and went upstairs. Now, you know possibilities lurking in them; no cob- that in itself is proof of a secret with webs, no barred windows, no hollow an appetite. Had she herself wanted groans. On the contrary, as we anything to eat she'd have sent that reached the top of the flight and turned French maid of hers down to get it. to look around us, we found a scene very It's the first time I have ever known similar to the one we had left. There of her going near the kitchen." were the same long, broad corridors I began to have some scruples about with shining floors and bright rugs; investigating the upper rooms. What there was the same beautiful wood- affair of ours was it to attempt the work, the same vista of doors. The discovery of a secret that these people ceilings were lower, possibly—the rugs were guarding so carefully? Suppose less costly, but the impression of we did discover a prisoner in the upper cheeriness and sunlight was the same. story, what then? Could I walk down "I forgot to say," Hotchkiss said in and say to the women that I had dis- a low tone, "that I learned from Harry covered their precious secret—that I that the rooms over yours are the hos- had obtained by force the confidence pital suite. The architect provided they refused to give me ? an isolation of rooms in case of con- Hotchkiss, however, had no scruples. tagious disease. It includes a bed- "It is our affair," he said firmly. room, dressing-room, bathroom and " It is a duty to save those girls from the tower alcove. There is a dumb- a possibility of harm, and besides, no waiter, too, leading to the basement." matter of sentiment should keep a I nodded, and we went together murderous lunatic from an asylum; St. toward the closed door which led from John has had one experience: you or I the dressing-room into the hall. It —

THE DOCTOR'S STORY 539 was locked, as was the door next, There, as in the rooms below, por- which led from the bathroom. Hotch- tieres hung over the entrance to the kiss fumbled nervously with the keys, tower alcove. Convinced that the and his thin lips were quivering with mystery, secret, whatever it might be suppressed excitement. He reminded called, lay beyond the curtains, I sum- me irresistibly of a fox-terrier who has moned my courage—it's a question chased a rat to his hole, and stands of moral, not physical courage when guard there, every muscle tense, and you are about to face the unknown its stub of a tail quivering with excite- and drew the curtains aside. ment. We faced, not the circular alcove Finally I took the keys, and, after a with small, high windows that we had few minutes' cautious manipulation, I expected to find, but instead a heavy succeeded in unlocking the dressing- door, closed and locked. room door. I scarcely care to repeat Hotchkiss stooped down and ex- my sensations as I opened it, inch by amined the fastening. It was a square inch, and looked in. I expected a bronze plate, very heavy and without rush, a shriek, perhaps a blow—any- a keyhole, while a very small knob, thing but the silence and emptiness perhaps an inch and a half across, that greeted us. proved its nature. Hotchkiss turned I pushed the door entirely open be- it once and listened to the click. With fore we went into the room, and our all my experience in such matters, I progress was slow and extremely cau- knew it to be a combination lock. The tious. A minute sufficed to show the room in the tower was as safe from emptiness of the dressing-room. Be- intrusion as a banking vault, and the yond its few pieces of furniture, a mystery was as far from solution as shaving stand, a chiffonier and a large ever. wardrobe, it contained nothing but a There was no sound from beyond chair or two. The bathroom was also the heavy door, and we tiptoed out empty. Here Hotchkiss pointed and locked the door behind us. Then triumphantly to signs of recent oc- we went softly down the stairs again cupancy; the soap in the nickel soap and into my apartments below. stand was soft and partly used, while a For an hour we discussed the various half-dozen towels lay round, incon- aspects of the case. Whatever doubt trovertible evidence that the neat house- there might have been before, there maids of the rest of the house had no seemed room for none now. There access here. was a prisoner in the tower room, a The door from the dressing-room prisoner who was restrained by force; into the bedroom was not locked and more than that we knew nothing. And here we exercised the greatest caution. as we talked we realized that there If our theory held, the object of our were some things still unexplained. search must be either in that room or How had the prisoner succeeded in in the tower alcove which opened from obtaining the poison, and how suc- it. I am rather ashamed to confess ceeded in exchanging the pink for the that I was covered with cold perspira- yellow box? tion when I put my hand on the knob of the door to open it. The pressure of the Colt in my pocket was comfort- CHAPTER XII ing. I threw the door open and looked in. The bedroom, like the others, Ellis came back late in the after- was empty. noon. I chanced to meet him on the Hotchkiss gave a comprehensive stairs, and was shocked by the change glance round—at the tumbled bed, at in his appearance. I had little reason the stand nearby with a water bottle to like him, but his ghastly face half full of water, and a glass, then he aroused my professional interest. pointed to the corner. "What's wrong, Ellis?" I asked as — ' —

540 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

he tried to brush past me. "Are you or looks ; the girl loves him. You can't ill, or have you had bad news?" deny it," I challenged him. "Look

"It's a combination of both," he how often they are together ; to see one said, avoiding my eyes, "only I'm not is to see the other. They drive, walk, " ill; I'm simply worn out." read I let him pass me then, and went on " Nonsense," said Hotchkiss. " They down the stairs, but was certain I have the tie of a common interest, a heard him go to the locked staircase, common secret—that's all. I tell you and later I had proof of it.* He did not if I was a young fellow and in love, I appear at dinner, and when I men- wouldn't want to see contempt in the tioned his altered appearance I inter- girl's eyes, and there's contempt there, cepted a quick exchange of glances most of the time. ' between Georgia Ellis and her cousin The door into the hall opened to ad- glances full of consternation and dis- mit Saunders and closed behind him. may. If Hotchkiss noticed anything, He was looking at Hotchkiss and I he did not say. He went on at length noticed that his face was as white as with the life history of a small, green his spotless shirt-front. snake that he had once hatched in a "We've heard them again, sir," he chicken incubator, and which he de- said, half-leaning against the door. clared had learned to beg for food, and " They're worse than usual, and the boy dinner passed off rather well. that minds the furnaces has fainted Hotchkiss and I took our afternoon away, sir." smoke in the billiard-room, he, in his Hotchkiss threw away the end of his characteristic fashion, pacing up and stogie—he smoked Pittsburg stogies, down with his hands behind him, while and the very smell made my hair rise I aimlessly knocked the balls about and and started for the door. chewed at the end of my unlighted "Come on, Pierce," he called over cigar. After a while I stopped, and his shoulder. "We are going settle the going over to the fireplace, broached the Laurelcrest ghost."

1 subject that was never out of my mine . He was manifestly excited. There "I have just learned," I said, with was a new erectness in his narrow what I considered a fine assumption shoulders, a triumphant inflection to of indifference, "that Miss Georgia is his voice, and with the prospect of ac- engaged to Ellis. Did you know it?" tion my spirits lightened. Saunders "Bless my soul, no!" he said. led the way to the back of the house, "Why, I—you will excuse an old man, and we followed close on his heels. Pierce, and it's none of my business, Through the breakfast- room, past the but I had an idea that you and Georgia servants' dining-room, and back to the had fixed things up between you." big tiled kitchen, where a dozen of the "Well, you were wrong," I said house servants were gathered in a sub- gruffly. Then, half-ashamed of my dued, whispering crowd. Every light humor, I went on more civilly: "For was turned on—the room was as bright one thing, I'm not an eligible in any as daylight, and a copper kettle sense ; I've nothing but my profession, hummed cheerfully on the big range " no money which filled one side of the room. But " Neither has he," interrupted Hotch- the atmosphere was tense with horror, kiss, "and no profession, either. Lives and there was fear, the awful, wide- on his sister's bounty. I'll be blessed if eyed fear of the unknown, on every face. I can understand women." On the floor in the centre of the room "He's a handsome devil, too," I went lay the grimy figure of the furnace boy, on, touching on that delicate topic of a lad of about nineteen, now partly appearance which we all profess to conscious, but refusing to get up, and scorn. Hotchkiss started to interrupt lying crouched there in abject terror. me again, but I hurried on. "Any- I bent over him and felt his pulse, how, it isn't a question of either money which was galloping furiously. " " ;;

THE DOCTOR'S STORY 541

"He's been that way since he came behind us. Cut off suddenly from even up," said the cook, a slim little woman. the feeble support of the kitchen, the " He just fell through that door there situation was decidedly eerie. The and rolled over on the floor. Once be- cellars dimly lighted, white -walled, fore he came up that way, yelling that stretched around us in a decreasing there were ghosts in the cellar, and I perspective of lights and black shadows ain't been down there since." our steps echoed hollowly on the cement The crowd huddled closer together, flooring, and. from some place in the and one of the housemaids began to distance came the muffled whir of the whimper. Hotchkiss went to the door machinery in the engine-room. We the cook indicated, and slipped back went there first, skirting around the the bolt. Quick as thought Saun- dynamos which lighted the house, ders was before him, his hand on the peering back of the big engine which knob. chilled the refrigerating-room , and "For God's sake, don't go down, then, beyond, to where the big force Mr. Hotchkiss! " he said shakenly. pump, gleaming with brass and drip- "There's something wrong, sir. The ping, with oil, sent water up through the house is haunted; the doctor can tell house. There was no one around. you about the shriek we heard one The old Scotchman who tended the night, and there's something moaning engines was upstairs with the rest now, in the cellar, under the east wing." of the terrified household, and we "I hope there is," said Hotchkiss went on alone, through the laun- cheerfully. "Come on, Pierce. Is it dry and the big drying - rooms lighted down there, Saunders? through the big empty space re- Saunders muttered something which served for the unbuilt swimming pool, we construed as yes, and throwing open and into the unused places beyond, the door, Hotchkiss was about to lead where our footsteps sounded hollow in the way down. the emptiness and where only an oc- I stepped ahead of him, however, casional light here and there accen- with the feeling that however ghostly tuated the shadows. We were in the the sounds might be, there was a chance room under the east wing, and were that physical strength would be needed, about to give up and go back, when we and that my bulk was better fitted to heard a sound. It was inarticulate meet a sudden onslaught than Hotch- at first, growing louder gradually, un- kiss's slender frame. Hotchkiss turned til it sounded like a muffled human at the door to the open-eyed crowd be- voice, and ending with a wail that hind us. faded slowly, slowly into a quivering "Not a word of this," he said threat- silence, and left our nerves throbbing eningly. " Get about your business, all with its acute anguish. ' " ' of you. Turn out some of these lights ' Great heavens ! I gasped. ' Where and go back to your rooms—play cards, was that?" anything—say your prayers if you Hotchkiss pulled himself together want to, but not a word of this up- with an effort, and stared around him. stairs. Saunders, will you come down, The sound had been followed by a or will you wait here ? silence which to our strained ears was Saunders hesitated between Hotch- pregnant with possibilities. The kiss 's scornful smile and the shadows rhythmic beat of the engines sounded of the basement stairs. Then he faintly in the distance, but around us gulped once or twice. was gloom and quiet, and I could hear "I think I'll not go, Mr. Hotchkiss," the blood rushing through my ear he said weakly; "my nerves are bad, drums. and I'd be no use, sir." "There's somebody hiding around We started down alone, then, and here," said Hotchkiss, his voice sound- smiled as we reached the foot of the ing sepulchral in the silence. "Where stairs to hear the door softly closed there's a voice there's a throat to pro- —

542 WATSON'S MAGAZINE duce it, that's certain." He b'igan to a few days before, and the Carroll move cautiously around the walls and Pierce of the present, wildly in love I followed him. Together we ex- with a girl who loved another man, amined every corner without result. conspiring against her for the discovery Then Hotchkiss stopped and looked of a secret she was helping to guard, round. busying myself, in other words, with "This must be under the hall," he other people's affairs; not even entirely

said thoughtfully, . "and the dark frank with St. John, who trusted me; corner there is beneath the tower. and assisting in his deception of his By Jove," excitedly, "I know the wife as I assisted her in deceiving him. whole thing now. Have you matches ?" Truly it was not an enviable position, I had half a dozen or so, and with the and with St. John's operation approach- aid of one, carefully shielded with his ing and the discovery, which seemed hand, we groped our way into the imminent, of a murderous maniac gloomy recess he had pointed out. It in the tower room, I began to feel that was as he had surmised; the semi- the position was scarcely bearable. circular wall showed that it lay be- It was about midnight when Hotch- neath the tower, and with his unoccu- kiss roused himself and got up yawning. pied hand Hotchkiss pointed to a "Our friend has gone to sleep," he small doorway in the stone. said, nodding toward the closed door. "The dumb-waiter to the hospital "I'm going upstairs to see if there's a suite," he whispered. "Listen." light in the tower windows, and to get The match flickered and want out, a book. Then you can doze and I'll and as I fumbled for another a laugh take my turn at watching." issued from the partly open door. I sank into his chair and watched A horrible maniacal laugh that seemed his disappearing frame as he went to come from the obscurity around us, toward the stairs, then, with my legs and that froze the blood in my veins. stretched out and my hands in my Then silence again. pockets, I went on with my usual re- I think I should have run had not flections. Suppose the operation was Hotchkiss found an electric lamp near a success and St. John began to go and turned the switch. In the light around again ? What would become of that followed we were ready to face Ellis? What would they all do with anything, and we waited expectantly, the prisoner in the tower room? close by the door of the shaft, for a What would I do if this unknown repetition of the sounds. But none should attack and injure Georgia Ellis? came. After perhaps thirty minutes of A slight sound attracted my atten- tension I sat down on the cold floor and tion. It was a scraping like the heel of tried to make myself comfortable while a boot on a board, and at first I could Hotchkiss took out his notebook and not locate it. Then, all at once, I made methodical entries. knew. It came from the shaft of the An hour went by, two hours, and not dumb-waiter, and even as the con- a sound from the tower room had come viction forced itself on me I saw the down the shaft. Hotchkiss had handle of the door turn and open brought a chair from the engine-room about an inch. and dozed comfortably, waking up now I raised in my chair and leaned for- and then when his head dropped with ward, ready to spring. My heart a jerk, then dropping off again. I got seemed to have stopped and every stiff after a time, and tried walking up nerve centered in one ominous object and down for a change, always, how- that slowly opening door. And then ever, with an eye and an ear for the the lights went out. Not gradually, little door in the wall. but suddenly, leaving me in utter I thought over a good many things blackness, my eyes straining, my in that long vigil; of the difference be- tongue dry, my hands clutched and tween myself as I had left the hospital tingling. There was perfect silence —

THE DOCTOR'S STORY 54; then a sudden shriek close by me. I unable to find my way out, with that think I shrieked, too. Then there was awful shriek ringing in my ears, with a rush, a wave of air as a body ran past flashes of light streaking the darkness me, a far-off moaning call, and to my overstrained eyes, while I silence. shivered with the cold terror of the And I sat in that black darkness, unknown.

To h& Continued

November

BY FLORENCE A. JONES

BARE boughs and stormy, wind-swept skies, A red trail blazed across the West Sure promise when the daylight dies, Of snowflakes on an empty nest.

Hung on the far horizon's rim, Above the distant wooded height, Just as the last red bar grows dim A red star gleams out on the night.

Ah, heart, what tho' the day must die? And what bare boughs and empty nest, And what a gray November sky If one red star shine in the West ?

A Reasonable Fee

"T HAVE noticed, during my somewhat prolonged pilgrimage adown the cor- * ridors of time," sarcastipessimistiruminatingly remarked the Old Codger, "that it is generally worth while to hear both sides of everything— except, of course, a bass-drum. F'rinstance, I was reading, the other night, about a clergy- man who rendered a bill for five hundred dollars for delivering a eulogy over the remains of a prominent citizen. I bucked and faunched quite a good deal in my righteous indignation, until I read onward and discovered that the late lamented had been a United States senator. Then I thought to myself that that was a little enough price for the laceration of the preacher's conscience." Portrait in Oils by an Old Master Maybe//, in Brooklyn Eagle. It is reported that Uncle Sam has been done in oil by Mr. Rockefeller. Burl, in Minneapolis Journal.

.0 - ' 'JT

,7/m»

Man at the Window: " 'Scuse me, you'll have to go round to the back door.' Donahey, in Cleveland Plain Dealer.

544 An Attic Populist BY ERNEST HOLLENBECK

ONCE more in the evolution of man for war. Half a century later this is that Divine Tragedy, The ancient constitution was subverted and Birth of Liberty, being enacted. Attica territorially divided into demes This time Russia is the stage, her peo- (from demos, people, country, from ple the dramatic stars, the world a which we derive "democracy" and rapt spectator. May Liberty, child "democrat"), to which our townships of the spirit of discontent, born in a are lineal descendants. The popular nation's agony, christened with the assemblages of Greece were the source sacrificial blood of martyrs, survive the of our township annual meetings. dread ordeal! It will be seen this political organiza- The history of great constitutional tion of ancient Attica was for state pur- revolutions has not always been written poses, while the union of homes and thus in blood. Roll back the tide hearths in gens and phratries was for twenty-five centuries and we find the religious purposes in honor of a com- conditions of ancient Attica quite mon ancestral god ; for mutual aid and similar to those of Russia in the last defense; for common burial rites and century. By the beneficent genius of cemeteries; for rights of marriage, and one man a constitutional reform was for community of property in certain introduced whose power for good is the cases. Each family had its religious leaven of political freedom in this and funeral rites in which only the lumpish world. family'might participate. Festivals in By the unwritten constitution of honor of the gods were insistent, and Attica, her people were divided in four religion was interwoven with their tribes, each tribe tracing its lineage lives at all hours and on all occasions. back to a common ancestral god. In ancient days the tribes were ruled Emerging thus from the mists of by kings whose names and deeds have legend, history finds the family as the well-nigh all perished from tradition. unit of social, religious and political Then came arkons for life as chief life. Families were united in gens, rulers, succeeded by arkons for ten which were in turn combined in phra- years, of whom there were seven. tnes, thirty families in a gens, three Then the number was increased to nine gens to each phratry. and the term of tenure limited to a These gens and phratries bound the year. These mighty political evolu- people in social and religious ties, which tions occurred during a century and a found expression in ceremonial rites half of historical twilight, between the and social festivals that had their night of myth and the day dawn of origin in the cradle of the race beyond Attic history, b.c. 683. A history the barriers of primal myths. written in red upon the spirits and Their early political organization intellects of the human race. comprised a union of heads of families Out of this chaos of war and rapine, in naukraries .which were combined gods and heroes, of men arrogating to into frittyes. Each naukrary levied themselves undue portions of the re- and distributed public funds and fur- wards of life because of their divine nished its quota of men and materials ancestry, loom up the giant forms of October, 1906 — 5 —545 540 WATSON'S MAGAZINE capitalist and proletarian, distorted as avert the common danger. Given sole by some mirage of history. The cap- power, he endeavored, honestly, to italist is seen making the laws, enforc- reform abuses instead of making him- ing the laws, executing the proletariat self despot, as was hoped by the rich. for petty crimes, selling him, his wife, The most urgent need was relief for his daughters, aye! and his sisters also, the poor debtors. Solon at once can- for his paltry debt. Selling him to celed all contracts in which the debtor direst slavery, his female kin to the had borrowed money on the security of most degrading servitude, and worse! his land or body. He provided funds The theory of the unwritten law was to redeem the financial slaves from that lesser offenses deserved death, and foreign bondage and bring these exiles no more severe penalty could be meted home. He forever forbade the pledg- out to greater crimes. The six petty ing of the body of the debtor and the arkons sitting as courts of examination, sale of citizens for debt. This gave or trial for petty misdeeds, and the great relief to the small debtors and three chief arkons sitting as courts of may well be contrasted with the far- high jurisdiction, enforced laws and reaching and disastrous results of the penalties with rigor, and even the decision of Chief Justice Marshall on supreme court, the Senate of the Areo- the inviolability of contracts, as set pagus, could enforce no less penalty for forth in the Dartmouth College case homicide of any degree than death or (see "Monarchy Within the Republic," exile and confiscation. Watson's, July, August, September Under the laws of Draco, the first to and October, 1905). be committed to writing, these harsh Though this relieved the host of laws were to some extent modified. small debtors, it threw added burdens As men emerged from the larval stage on the debtor class next higher by of liberty, these social and political destroying their sources of revenue. penalties became so intolerable that the To relieve these debtors he recoined poorer classes of the population muti- silver and debased it so that 100 drach- nied. mas contained no more silver than 73 The lands were mostly owned by the drachmas of the old coinage. rich and farmed by the slave's, or by In 1896 we heard the echoes of those the poor on shares. Small landholders old-time money monopolists shout- were almost universally oppressed by ing "Calamity Howler!" "Fifty-cent mortgages, the sign of which was a Dollar!" stone pillar on the land, inscribed with Fortunately there were no news- the amount and lender's name. Even papers in those days to augment ill- the free laborers and artisans were will—only orators, and pre-incarnate rapidly falling into the clutches of the Bourke Cockrans demagoging first on sharpers to be eventually sold as slaves one side, then on the other, according with their families and immediate to the pay accorded a soldier of for- female relatives. tune. These conditions paralleled those of The debased coinage threw off 27 France before the Revolution; of per cent, of the burden and entailed States in that amount of loss on the class of Russia today ; of the United the trust-conquering future. France ultimate and richest creditors, much baptized Liberty in bluest blood. to their discontent at first. Subse- Russia is in the throes. Will Russian quently, they rejoiced with the others, freedom perish ere her birth? Will our for prosperity came to all. Liberty die of the assassin's thrust? This revolution was quite unlike Perhaps the man for the hour will rise that of our day in which the imme- even as Solon rose for Attica. morial silver standard was subverted Solon, aristocrat of the most aris- by gold, in the interests of the creditor tocratic Eupatrids, having acquired class and fixed incomes. But the re- great prominence, was called upon to sults are remarkably coincident, for. !

AN ATTIC POPULIST 547

as the debased coinage of Solon resulted probouleutic Senate and popular as- in relief to debtors, so the intense sembly is in fact the first recorded' ap- activity in gold mining and production plication of the initiative, referendum stimulated by the gold standard has and imperative mandate. resulted in an enormous outflow of Solon prohibited export of agricul- gold, far surpassing the yield of both tural products and built up a home precious metals a decade ago. This market by encouraging artisans and enormous inflation of metallic currency manufacturers. He regulated mar- has resulted in exactly the conditions riages and funerals, wills and descent of feared by the gold advocates, if silver property. He was the first great were not excluded from the mints. emancipator, ranking with Lincoln, The price of money is cheapened, as Alexander II of Russia, and Dom Pedro shown in the rising cost of labor and the of Brazil. He forbade selling female commodities of life by 50 per cent, in relatives and punished offenses recent years. The fixed-income people against the integrity of women. He are being enslaved by their sceptre of extended the right of suffrage, pro- gold! And the vast golden veins and hibited slander and evil speech against arteries of the Andes still unbled! It the dead. He modified the rigor of is a question of years only when high exacting laws and severely denounced finance will demand closure of the neutrality in civil strife. world's mints to gold. Then you'll Individualism, inherent in the Greek see the banker greenbacker with a race, received its highest development paper standard and his hand in control in Attica under Solon, its prophet- of the press lever! priest. " Other anarchist " measures of Solon Philosophic individualism is an ideal were dividing the people into four condition of society in which the in- classes in respect to property and in- dividual knows the right, thinks right, come. The first class with incomes of wills right, acts right for right's sake, 500 drachmas or over; the second with fearing no punishment, hoping no re- 300 to 500; the third with 200 to 300, ward. Obeying only the lawo of The and the fourth with less than 200 Good, The Beautiful, The True. drachmas income, by far the greatest Democracy is a practical application numerically. The first three classes of Individualism as modified by human were subject to direct tax; the fourth ignorance, hopes, fears, passions and only to indirect tax, of which duties on aspirations. Solon and the Attic con- imports was chief. The first historical stitution are but the day dawn of graduated income tax Democracy, for which Populism is but Under the Solonian constitution the a synonym. arkons were elected by the fourth class The demands of Populism today are from candidates belonging in the first the voices of the past ringing down the class. They were liable to review and corridors of time, so far do human censure in the popular assembly of the efforts lag behind the footsteps of fleet- fourth class after their term of office ing centuries. had expired. A feature that might It may be news to many of that well be introduced in our polity. Just mighty host of millions who followed imagine a mass meeting of New silver to defeat in our day that two Yorkers sitting as a court of review on thousand five hundred years ago a Depew and Piatt! Think of some of mighty campaign was fought along our M. C.'s defending their action in a similar lines to a peaceful finish, and popular assemblage acting and voting that even the rich and creditors came as a court! to admit its beneficent results. Yet so Solon constituted a preconsidering it was, and the result of the Solonian Senate of 400 to formulate measures laws, canceled debts, free silver and to be considered in the popular as- 27 per cent, debasement, greater power ssmbly and with other powers. This for the common people in elections 548 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

and assemblies, resulted in peace, pros- Cromwell or Pitt, a Danton, a Patrick

perity and an upward march toward a Henry or Count Tolstoy , as some ancient grandeur in art, intellect, democracy Populist of the Solonian era, thunder- and power. ing at the despotisms of wealth and A volcanic eruption of human rights power. One might even conceive a whose force was felt through the ages in Watson, a Bryan, a Teller and a Greece, Rome, Venice, Germany, Eng- Stewart, fighting a losing battle for land, America and France, wherever silver, as they fought a winning fight the classic literature and political for silver in the long ago. Each and all philosophy of Greece was taught in giving freely of life, time, talent and school or cloister cell. strength to press the car of Freedom to The genius and probity of Solon have its shining goal. permeated all Occidental civilizations Let us trust that Russia may clasp to this day, a power for right. the ikon of hope and justice, not with Could one believe in the transmigra- crimsoned hands, and guided by some tion and reincarnation of souls, it were Solon of today, rise to realms of liberty easy to conceive a Rienzi, a Luther, a among the morning stars!

Life

BY Z. S. HEMENWAY

STRIP of earth for thorn and flower growing, A glimpse of heav'n afar A O'ercast by clouds with rainbow colors glowing; A night, a grave, a Star.

Consolation

<

The Happy Family

R SCRAPPINGTON—Well, it takes two to make a quarrel. M Mrs. Scrappington—No such thing! If it wasn't for you there would never be any quarrels in this family. A Great Human Principle BY CHARLES FORT

THREE-STORY frame house. lating floor, for the old house had An old yellow house. Clap- settled; stove that inclined so that A boards patched here and there when one part of a frying-pan was and the patches painted when put up, full of lard the other part was dry and so that the front of the house was tes- smoking; green-painted walls with sellated with squares, some vivid, some stovepipe holes in them, and the holes dull, some of almost obliterated yellow stopped with green-painted beer-can paint. Brick sidewalk and a paling covers; bare floor with loose boards fence between it and the house. Worn- that squeaked and rattled when trod- out grass behind the fence, and creeping den on. With a spade and a pickaxe out in tufts between bricks. Weather- and a crowbar on his knees, Mr. Mc- worn shutters, some open, and some Govern sat at the table, which had a tied shut with dangling pieces of newspaper on it for a tablecloth, fret- clothes-line. Tenement region of New ting because breakfast was not ready. York. "Too bad about you!" said Miss On the top floor lived the Boyles; Boyle. second floor, Mrs. Cassidy ; first floor, She boiled coffee, and boiled half a Mrs. Ryan—no polyglot house here, dozen eggs in the coffee, which is a very you see; not a Schwartzenheimer nor good way to economize with the fuel. a Tortolini in it, but straight Boyle, Half-a-dozen eggs, in a bowl, set before Cassidy, and Ryan from top to bottom. Mr. McGovern, who rested his elbows Top floor. Early in the morning. on the tools on his knees, and tapped Mr. Boyle had gone to his hodcarrying, an eggshell. but Mr. McGovern, the boarder, who "I hope they'll suit you!" said Miss worked for Stolliger, the plumber, was Boyle. "I hope we can have one " waiting for his breakfast. Miss Boyle, breakfast that'll suit you! a large, panting person, with the pro- Mr. McGovern cracking an egg. file of an overfed Roman Emperor, "They're too soft," complained Mr. was preparing breakfast. And Mr. McGovern. McGovern was not beautiful: in his "Are they?" Miss Boyle snatching boyhood he had been a jockey, and the bowl with five eggs in it. And the print of a horseshoe ran along one right at his forehead she threw an cheek to his nose. If you should not egg. A splashing and a dripping of be well acquainted with Mr. McGovern, yellow down Mr. McGovern's astonished it would be almost impossible to have countenance! him say a word to you, but let him "Are they?" panted Miss Boyle. become acquainted and feel himself An egg to an eyebrow. at home and his diffidence would be "Minnie Boyle, me curse on you!" less marked. He was "good," the said unfortunate Mr. McGovern, sitting neighbors would tell you. "As quiet still, too astonished to dodge a third and decent a man as you'd care to egg, which burst on his nose and dripped meet," they'd tell you. beautiful golden nuggets down his In the Boyles' kitchen. An undu- collar. 549 "

550 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

"Are they?" panted Miss Boyle, man." And she was taking his coat throwing the fourth and the fifth off. And she cleaned the coat, and, eggs. having an iron on, she pressed it for "There, now! Now, are they?" him. she panted. And she sat down vio- Mr. McGovern standing very stiff, lently, throwing her apron over her still biting first one lip and then the head, wailing aloud her views upon other, his eyes rolling wildly. " Have his ill-treatment of her. you a room idle, Mrs. Cassidy?" he Mr. McGovern's yellow lips alternat- asked. ing in rolling between his teeth. Mr. "I have not a room," said Mrs. McGovern glancing toward the win- Cassidy. "I have the half of a room, dow; but he was a man of self-control which is my front room, which I let and did not throw her out; besides out to two gentlemen, which the half she was too heavy. of it is now occupied by Mr. Matthews, "Minnie Boyle, me curse on you!" and the two beds in it. But sure, I'd repeated Mr. "McGovern. Then he not take a boarder away from a neigh- rose from the table, tools hugged under bor, and Minnie Boyle'll be the first one arm, and felt his way to the door, to tell you her sorrow at mistreating and seeing yellow, went down yellow you so." stairs to a yellow sink, where Mrs. "Was it to save .me," said Mr. Cassidy was filling a pail. McGovern solemnly, but lifting his "Honor of Gawd, Mr. McGovern, hand so high that there was a marked what's happenedtoyou?" said Mrs. Cas- hiatus between his vest and his trous- sidy. ers, "another night I'll not pass be- "'Tis Minnie Boyle has me in this neath her roof!" deplorable condition! "said Mr. McGov- "Well, then, I have the half of a ern, feeling for the faucet. "Me curse room," said Mrs. Cassidy, "if you on her! would submit to share it with Mr. "Ah, no, Mr. McGovern, I'd not say Matthews, who is a very sedate and that! There's not a day's luck for respectable gentleman." them that calls down curses. But, in "I will that!" said Mr. McGovern. the name of the Lord, and the good, " Then sit you down and have a bite decent man I always found you, what to eat and a sup of coffee, before you did you do to her?" go to your day's labor." "He's an old crank!" wailed Miss And that is how Mr. McGovern Boyle, still sobbing with his ill-treat- became Mrs. Cassidy 's boarder. ment of her. But there was trouble, later in the "Ah, hush, you, Minnie Boyle! morning. Miss Boyle had been robbed And you, Mr. McGovern, would you of her boarder; and Miss Boyle gasped come down to my kitchen and I'll and panted with indignation, as she have the soap and water on you." thought of the widow's unneighborly She was a red-cheeked woman of fifty; conduct. Miss Boyle coming down expressionless face, bright eyes that the stairs, silent until passing Mrs. stared at the floor and head that Cassidy's door. Then: bobbed at the floor when she spoke. " It'll be the sorry day for some Mr. McGovern attenuating egg yolk people when they interfered with with handfuls of water, but still drip- their neighbors! It's a true saying ping yellow, following her to the you don't know who your friends are, kitchen; pickaxe, spade and crowbar and can't trust nobody nowadays." thumping with him, down the stairs. Miss Boyle to the front stoop, and "Didn't my two eyes tell me it I'd turning around to go back to her top never believe it of Minnie Boyle!" floor. Silence from her until passing said the widow. "Ah, but you must the widow's door, and then: have plagued her in some way. Ah, "If some people would mind their but 'tis no way to treat any decent own affairs, 'twould be the better for ! —

A GREAT HUMAN PRINCIPLE 551

them, and I'd be long sorry to do some if a bit of the drop then came in to be of the things I see did all around me."— shared among the three of them, why, "What do you mean, Miss—Boyle? sure, that is nobody's business! and I'd not call you Minnie " Mrs. But, though Miss Boyle seemed Cassidy's door opening; Mrs. Cassidy, reconciled to the loss of a boarder with bright eyes in her dull face, staring "Old crank and good riddance to at the stairs, her head bobbing at the him!"—Mr. Matthews took most un- stairs. " If you're looking to stir up kindly to the acquisition of a boarder. trouble, Miss Boyle, you've come to the Mr. Matthews coming home to wrong quarters." dinner and learning that he was to "I wasn't mentioning no names," have a roommate. "'Tis Mr. McGov-

panted Miss Boyle. . "Let them it fits ern, from upstairs, and not like a take it to themselves if they want to." stranger brought in to you," said Mrs. Screech from the first-floor tenant: Cassidy. "Quiet, decent man that he "Minnie Boyle's a common disturber! is, and never a word from him and Don't you mind her, Mrs. Cassidy. scarce open his lips to bid the time of She's been run out of three houses day to you." as a common disturber." Mr. Matthews, in white overalls, "Where's your old man today, Mrs. his face spattered with white, was a Ryan?" a panting jeer from Miss whitewasher; a man of fifty; wore a Boyle. "Think where your old man shabby suit of clothes, when not in is and then keep pretty quiet and don't white, but wore shirts that were open your mouth to others." broadly and glaringly pink-striped. Loud slamming of first, second and He brushed his hat and shined his

third-floor doors ! Miss Boyle standing shoes ; he was shabby and was fifty, but close to her back window and jeering had not given up all interest in his

out at the first-floor tenant ; Mrs. Ryan, appearance. His nose was rather with her head out her window, shriek- ruddy and bumpy, but once it had

ing up frantically ; Mrs. Cassidy staring been of strong, straight mold, and Mr. at a backyard clothes-pole, chanting Matthews was still good-looking; an monotonously. affable, jaunty, verbose man. An old man appearing at a window "Him!" said Mr. Matthews, not at of the house opposite. all affably. "You got him here?" All three ladies expressing their "Yes," said the widow, "but what

' bitterness and hatred. of it ? You say him ' in such a funny Old man tucking a fiddle under his way. Do you know aught against chin and playing. him?" " Sudden lull in the warfare ; desultory Perhaps I do and perhaps I attacks, then angry accusations ceasing. don't— " began Mr. Matthews. Mrs. Ryan seizing a broom and But steps on the stairs! Steps waltzing around her kitchen with it; passing the door and going halfway to Mrs. Cassidy, her dull face very serious, the floor above. For Mr. McGovern starting a solemn jig; Miss Boyle clap- was a creature of habit, and, even with ping her hands and her massive body his mind occupied with the morning's swaying. sad occurence, he went halfway up For the old fiddler was playing, the stairs he vowed he never should as he often played, when there was tread again. Mr. McGovern hurriedly trouble in the neighborhood, "Praties descending to the second-floor kitch- and fishes is very good dishes!" en. And great affability from Mr. Whole neighborhood in terpsichorean Matthews ecstasy! Ah, 'tis a rousing old tune "So you're now one of us, Mr. indeed! Indeed and it is that! "St. McGovern? That's good, and I'm Patrick's Day in the morning!" And glad to share my room with you, and Miss Boyle and Mrs. Cassidy and Mrs. you must make yourself right at home Ryan are very good friends again—and here. Take your coat off, now, and be ' "

552 WATSON'S MAGAZINE comfortable." Mr. McGovern feeling Mrs. Ryan scurrying up the stairs; not at all at home; Mr. Matthews feel- for in this meeting of former landlady ing so thoroughly at home that his with ex-boarder there might be some- manner was decidedly proprietary. thing worth hearing. On Mrs. Ryan's " If you'll just sit over here, where you'll long, sharp nose were spectacles that be out of the way, Mr. McGovern!" made her a person of most uncanny and Mr. Matthews helped prepare appearance. For the spectacles were supper. Went down to the sink and of magnifying power so great that filled the kettle ; cleared off the kitchen when turned full upon one the lady's table; then kicked off his shoes and eyes were increased to the size of stepped into slippers. Mr. Matthews plums. was very much at home, but Mr. " How'syour husband getting along?" McGovern was a stranger, silent, awk- asked Miss Boyle, striving to resist ward and self-effacing. Table set, the fascination of her lost boarder. and, from Mr. Matthews: "Oh, fine!" from enthusiastic Mrs. "Draw up and be one of us, Mr. Ryan, turning eyes like nightmare McGovern! Well, how's the day gone eyes upon Mrs. Boyle. "They've with you ? ' promoted him twice since he's been "That's right!" said the widow. there. Oh, yes, I'm proud of the "Let the both of you chat; I do like a success he's making. His behavior little chatting about me." would carry him anywheres. Lew "Much like any other day," was always was a superior man and got his Mr. McGovern 's answer; knees wrig- superiority recognized." gling and shoulders wriggling. Widow clearing away supper dishes, "I like to hear you chat, because at which Mr. McGovern gazed, as he then I don't so much miss the bit of a twitched and shifted and wriggled. " store I used to have," said Mrs. Cassidy. So your husband is getting along "Did you?" Mr. McGovern inter- all right then, Mrs. Ryan?" ested so that he ceased wriggling. "Fine!" cried enthusiastic Mrs. Ry- "That's what I always been wanting an. "They say they never had any- to go into and been laying by a little body like him. It isn't everybody for." could advance themselves like he does. Mr. Matthews noting this interest From the very first day they took no- and saying hurriedly, "Oh, well, stores tice of how superior he was." is pretty dull talking." "When does he get out?" asked "Oh, no, but go on and chat!" Miss Boyle. begged Mrs. Cassidy. " I do miss my "Why, half of his six months is up store, I do! When I had the store already. Yes," proudly, "they've pro- there was chatting all day long, what moted him twice, and now he's a with customers and other storekeepers trusty in the Harlem Police Court and coming in. I do so miss the chatting only in his cell night-times, when he of it!" goes back to the Island. Lew always Miss Boyle thumping down the was a ambitious man and'd make his stairs, pausing on the landing and mark anywheres." looking into the kitchen. Into the But Miss Boyle could no longer kitchen came Miss Boyle, and sat in a sustain the effort of her resisting. rocking-chair. Very hard did the "Well, Mr. McGovern, how is your lady try to seem unconscious of her supper digesting? I don't hear you lost boarder; with her left and right making no complaints here, like there hands up right and left sleeves, she always was for my cooking. Just patted her huge arms and tried to wait till the strangeness wears off and glance about casually, but the lost Mrs. Cassidv won't be so taken with boarder fascinated her. " Old crank! you!" Miss Boyle panted amiably. Mr. Mc- "Excuse yourself, Miss Boyle!" wid- Govern bending low over a pork chop. ow chanting and staring, "but I'm not — "; "

A GREAT HUMAN PRINCIPLE 553 taken by no man and once was enough proud to know us. He is a little that for me. I 'tend to my business and way, and it ain't good for him to be too cook for my boarders and try to make successful. But what I say is, if you it homelike for them." got it in you, you'll always make your " Please be kind enough to excuse mark in the world." And away with your own self, Mrs. Cassidy! I wasn't her. passing no remarks, and you don't "You don't have to stay in here, take me up right. I'm sure you're McGovern, you know," said Mr. " welcome to Mr. McGovern, and much Matthews ; but go out and take a walk good may he do you, and no more or do as you like. You must feel free boarders for me—no, thank you!" to do just as you like, now you're one of "Minnie," said Mrs. Ryan, turning us." orbs that were startling and almost Mr. McGovern, looking as if rather terrifying upon the excited and gasp- resenting this supervisory attitude, ing Miss Boyle, "you're a common but then rising and shuffling from the disturber, Minnie, and you ought to room, going to the front stoop, where remember you was ran out of the flats Mrs. Ryan was eulogizing her success- for it." ful husband. "Me ran out of the flats? Me that "Him!" said Mr. Matthews scorn- left of my own accord ? Then now you fully. " Him! " said Mr. Matthews, excuse yourself, Mrs. Ryan!" jabbing his pipe into the little leg And from the widow: "I'm sure I pocket of his white overalls. 'tend to my own business, and needn't " But what do you know about him?" be taken up with a man just because the widow asked curiously. I cook for him, and once was enough "Oh, never mind what I know or for my lifetime!" don't know, Mrs. Cassidy. Have I,

Three excited ladies ! Mr. Matthews in so many words, said I know aught waving hands at them, crying, "Now, wrong about him? ladies! oh, now, ladies, I implore you!" "Not in so many words," answered Miss Boyle and Mrs. Ryan turning Mrs. Cassidy, "but you have intimated to each other wrathfully, but as much. He's been in the house come "Here's the rocky roads!" Old a year now, and, beyond a drop of a Mr. Doran leaning out his window, Saturday night, which is no more than fiddling. "Rocky roads to Dublin, any good man's fault, who can breathe oh!" Gray-bearded old peacemaker a word against him?" playing his liveliest jig, starting up the Mr. Matthews becoming verbose and moment angry voices floated to him.— floundering in his verbosity. "Just because I cook for a man '"Tis a great human principle I but Mr. Matthews twirled the widow would apply and test him and expose to a point in front of him. Widow and his unworthiness to you," said the Mr. Matthews in jig steps. "So— please gentleman mysteriously. "There's excuse yourself, Mrs. Ryan " But deep secrets in human life, Mrs. Cassidy, Miss Boyle scrambling to hook elbows and there's great delineations of char- with Mr. Matthews, and Mrs. Ryan acter to those that can delve into them hopping up to jig advances to sedate, and solve their puzzles. I may say, retiring Mr. McGovern. "Rocky Mrs. Cassidy, that there is in all of us " roads to Dublin! those principles which are in all of us. And Miss Boyle went backto her floor, You follow me, Mrs. Cassidy? And having amiably parted with everybody being in all of us they're common to and Mrs. Ryan went away, shaking her the lot of us and they're only known head with laughter at the dancing, so to them that delve into them. You that she seemed to be scattering plums follow me?" Profound gentleman broadcast, lingering in the doorway to shaking a forefinger, advancing, forcing say, "Yes, Lew'll be back in three his landlady up and down along the months, now. I hope he won't be too undulations of the kitchen floor; his "

554 WATSON'S MAGAZINE landlady bobbing and staring and turn- Mr. McGovern meekly surrendering ing one ear to him to concentrate her the armchair, and Mr. Matthews, feet attentiveness. "So, then—you follow up in another chair, making himself me?—so then, them that can delve into comfortable in it. " the complexities of humanity can apply From Miss Boyle: Indeed, and if he them, and them are what I've delved was as mild as that upstairs, there 'd " into never of been any trouble. Just you Mr. McGovern returning, having wait, Mrs. Cassidy— " Struggling with wearied with the absent, but successful herself to avoid an unpleasant subject. Mr. Ryan. "Oh, well, what do you think about "Oh!" said Mr. Matthews, affable the agent giving Mrs. Ryan her floor for again, "didn't stay long? Well, you a dollar cheaper? Serve all alike is can read your newspaper, if you want what I say. Does the cooking here suit to. You can sit here and read your you any better, Mr. McGovern?" paper, now you're one of us." Briskly from Mr. Matthews: "Well, Mr. McGovern betraying decided McGovern, you can turn in any time resentment; Mr. McGovern sitting you want to, you know." down and drawing his lean knees to- "Yes, sir; thank you, sir," meekly gether as if that would help him express and humbly from Mr. McGovern. his resentment, but—but Mr. Matthews But another evening. Mr. Matthews wound the clock! And what a small, but saying to the widow mysteriously: what a speaking act! To wind a clock "Oh, everybody ain't what they seem. in any home seems the one significant Oh, a quiet, decent man, is he? But sign of supremacy in that home. Mr. wait till I try a great human principle, McGovern said nothing and picked up some day, and that's where the test a newspaper, as he had been given per- comes in! mission to do. Mr. McGovern was on the stairs. Other evenings Mr. McGovern came And only one step on the way to the home from his work and went past the top floor did Mr. McGovern take this Cassidy door and halfway to the rooms evening. Force of habit was weaken- above before recalling that he lived no ing in him, and he wheeled back from longer on the top floor. Mr. McGov- the first step. ern did not yet feel at home. Mr. McGovern coming into the kitch- And he showed that he did not feel en and taking his coat off. at home. Take any evening in the Mr. Matthews eyeing the coat widow's kitchen. Miss Boyle dropping askance, but saying, "That's right, in, panting and gasping on the sofa. McGovern; take your coat off and be Miss Boyle remarking that the weather comfortable." was warm, or that the weather was " 'Tis not necessary to tell me! " said cold; trying to appear unconscious of Mr. McGovern. " I've got me strange- Mr. McGovern, and then: ness wore off considerable, now." "Well, how do you like your new Rolling up his sleeves, taking the arm- boarder, Mrs. Cassidy? Oh, you'll find chair, saying, "Mrs. Cassidy, if you're him out in time and see how cranky ready, I'll have my supper now." For he is." Mr. McGovern not retorting, Mr. McGovern was beginning to feel at but shifting in his chair uneasily. home. And from Mr. Matthews: "You can "Draw up to the table, McGovern," light up your pipe, if you want to, invited Mr. Matthews, though he McGovern." scowled at the usurped armchair, Mr. McGovern lighting his pipe, as if which he regarded as his own arm- recognizing permission given by one in chair, "and you mustn't act like a anything. stranger with us." And, "Oh, McGovern, if you'll let "Again," said Mr. McGovern, "'tis me have that chair! I sorter look on unnecessary to tell me, though me it as my chair." thanks to you for your kindness. But '

A GREAT HUMAN PRINCIPLE 555

draw up yourself, and don't be looking "Not troubling you too much, but so strange, Matthews. Tis the social that's always been my chair." side of a meal that is half its charms; "Sure, excuse me for the liberty of and sit down yourself, Mrs. Cassidy, monopolizing it! " awkward Mr. Mc- and don't be bothering waiting on us, Govern was quite crushed back into but let each one wait on theirselves. strangeness again Sure, Matthews, man, don't be looking "You must feel yourself amongst so glum, but be like you was one of friends," said Mr. Matthews patroniz- ourselves." ingly. "Don't stand on no ceremony 'I ought to be! " said Mr. Matthews with us here, but just be yourself. glumly. "I been here long enough, You can go to bed, or you can go out too." and take a walk, just what you like." "And me!" said Mr. McGovern; "Why, yes—thank you, sir!" from "'tis always my way to feel a little Mr. McGovern. He had risen from the strange, at first, but the strangeness easy-chair, and he stood faltering be- wears right off." tween going to the street and going to "So I see!" from gloomy Mr. Mat- the front room. thews. "Just hand me my pipe over there, "Bring it right here, ma'am!" Mr. like a good fellow!" Mr. Matthews McGovern to Mrs. Cassidy, who was stretching back in his armchair, feet carrying a platter of good Irish stew up on the sofa, showing very well that from a pot on the stove. "Right here he knew which was the dominating forninst me, ma'am, and I'll apportion boarder. Mr. McGovern meekly hand- it out for the lot of us. Where's your ing Mr. Matthews the pipe. plate, Matthews? Speak up if you The next evening! Mr. McGovern want a bit of stew." coming into the kitchen, without taking " I don't know that I do! " said mel- even one or even half a step toward the ancholy Mr. Matthews. "I think I'm floor above. Mr. McGovern coolly tak- feeling somewhat off my feed." ing Mr. Matthews's hat and coat from "Ah, well, then, Mrs. Cassidy, so the nail in the door; dropping Mr. Mat- much the more for us two. But you thews's hat and coat on a chair, hanging needn't leave the table, Matthews; you up his own, instead. And Mr. Mc- can sit here and be one of us, even if Govern saying to Mrs. Cassidy: you are off your feed." "What! going to bother cooking for us A melancholy Mr. Matthews all this hot day? Here's some change; evening, and all evening a lively, would you go out to the delicatessen dominating Mr. McGovern, until Mr. and bring us in whatever strikes your Matthews thought of the clock. It fancy most?" was an eight-day clock, but every "I would, and glad, too! "said Mrs. evening Mr. Matthews wound it as a Cassidy. "'Tis no pleasure standing crowning domestic act. over a hot stove, a day like this. Had t "McGovern," said Mr. Matthews 3 ou your mind set on a hot meal, Mr. weakly, " you don't have to sit up and Matthews?" bear us company, you know." "Ah, sure, and he don't count!" And Mr. McGovern 's air of aggressive said Mr. McGovern, laughing boister- self-confidence had flown. "Why, no ously, but good-naturedly. "Any- —oh, don't be bothering about me," way, 'tis two against one." Mrs. said Mr. McGovern awkwardly. For Cassidy feeling embarrassed, standing the winding of the clock had put him hesitating in the doorway. back in an overshadowed position in "Oh, don't mind me! " from melan- the home. ' widow's choly Mr. Matthews . "I don 't count. "If you'll let me have my easy- And when the widow brought back " chair! suggested Mr. Matthews corned beef and potato salad he re- briskly, all his glumness dissipated by fused to eat anything sent for by his his feeling of restoration to command. rival, but then, unable to explain con- 556 WATSON'S MAGAZINE tinued loss of appetite, made a sand- feminine boarder dared thus to reor- wich, with very ill grace. ganize her home. Supper over, and Mr. McGovern "And have you everything in for going to the front room, where he the morning?" asked Mr. McGovern. busied himself with his trunk. And " Is there anything you want?" back to the kitchen he came, with "There is not," answered Mrs. several large, framed, crayon portraits Cassidy; "there is not naught but a under his arm. bit of wood to be brought up from the "I might as well have these hanging shed." on your wall, if you don't mind, Mrs. "Then give me the key!" Mr. Cassidy," he said, ""lis the por- McGovern going down to the wood- traitures of me father and mother, if you shed, coming back with an armful of don't mind." wood, which was an act of such agoniz- " I'd be pleased, and they'd be orna- ing domesticity that Mr. Matthews, ments to the wall," said Mrs. Cassidy. stammering that the room was too •' If you're not afraid they'll be spoiled warm, fled to the front stoop. " by the smoke from the stove." Ah, but this is very nice and home- " " " Oh, not at all! said Mr. McGovern, like! Mr. McGovern in the arm- "and I have more portraitures to hang chair. " up in your front room." 'Tis a strange thing, sir," from the Mr. 'Matthews sitting stiff on an un- widow, "that a man like yourself, comfortable chair, his lips moving. with such quiet tastes, never had a Very likely Mr. Matthews was saying home of your own." to himself, "I don't count!" "'Tis me nature to be very particu- answered. "And, if you'll bear with me for lar," Mr. McGovern "I saying as much, ma'am," from Mr. have not met the woman would suit me. McGovern, " I don't think your chairs But you're right, ma'am, me tastes are fixed so economical of space, was always quiet and homelike, barring here. I'd be much preferring to have me ambition to have a bit of a store the table at the other end of the room, somewheres, for which I got the money I'd be thinking of the if 'tis all the same to you." laid by, and home and naught else. Sit down and "It is, to be sure, Mr. McGovern," we'll have a chat, ma'am, and don't be said the widow sweetly, but with an bothering with them dishes, for you anxious glance at depressed Mr. Mat- work too hard as it is." thews, stiff and awkward as ever Mr. "And you little dream the care a McGovern had been. house is! " said the widow, taking a "So, if you'll move a little, Mat- " chair beside her boarder. "You could thews! be busy from morning till night and the standing up and then Mr. Matthews half of your work never done ; and was for, as soon not knowing where to go, I the kind to go gadding about I don't Mr. as he turned toward a chair, know where I'd be. Ah, yes, Mr. chair and McGovern picked up that McGovern, 'tis a great pleasure, is a placed it somewhere else. bit of a store. There's people coming "Do sit down and make yourself in to' chat with you all day long." at home," urged Mr. McGovern, who "Would it be second-hand furni- was very much at home. And then: ture?" asked Mr. McGovern. "I it strikes me that this chair should say there 'd be money in a "Now " would make more of an appearance store like that over here," as Mr. Matthews wretch- But Mr. Matthews, who had been edly stumbled toward a chair. unable to remain in the room, was "Ah, but you have the great eye for then unable to remain away from the " cried the room. Coming back. effects, Mr, McGovern! ^ admiring widow, whose indignation "Matthews," said Mr. McGovern, would have been boundless had a "but 'tis the uneasy mortal you " ' " ;

A GREAT HUMAN PRINCIPLE 557 are! Sit you down and don't feel like retiring, timid spirit he has and not a a stranger so." word out of him and not daring to call But Mr. Matthews had returned his soul his own. Oh, yes, but those with a purpose. He had returned to are the most distinguishable charac- restore himself to his rightful rank. teristics of him! Why don't you get Then he would place chairs and tables him back to board with you?" back in their original positions, and "Him? Old crank! No, thanks!" then, with dominion re-established, "Why, I only thought you was sore those flaunting, intruding portraits at having him taken from you." should come down from the wall. Mr. Bartender vigorously rubbing the Matthews striding toward the mantel- table with his bar rag, splashing his piece; he would reduce his rival to customers, setting down two glasses. humbleness again. " 'Twas a unneighborly thing to do, "Oh, Matthews," said Mr. McGov- and no mistake," said Miss Boyle. " I ern carelessly, "never mind that; I've put him out and, for a million, wouldn't already wound the clock." have him back, but 'twas a unneigh- "You have?" Mr. Matthews de- borly trick to take him from me so, and, manded fiercely. "Oh, have you?" for one, I wish he wasn't in the house." without spirit left. "Listen, then!" said Mr. Matthews, "I have that!" said Mr. McGovern. his elbow on the table, his forefinger " But you can go to bed any time you waving in front of Miss Boyle's Roman want. Be easy and free and don't nose. "There's other ways for to get feel called upon to sit up, just because him out of the house. This is between Mrs. Cassidy and meself are having a ourselves, isn't it ? bit of a chat—Did you ever see the "Oh, certainly, and never go no " uneasy like of him! farther, for all of me!" For Mr. Matthews had fled. "Then I know something he's done, Mr. Matthews and Miss Boyle meet- and, when Mrs. Cassidy learns it, she'll ing on the stoop. have him no more in her rooms." "Why, I thought I just saw you " He has ? " Miss Boyle much inter- down here," said Miss Boyle. ested, peering over a schooner's rim. "Then you see me again!" " Well, 'tis not so much I know some- ' ? ' ' Oh ! crowded out thing he's done, as I know he's done " No, I'm not crowded out! " Indig- something. Now, wait! you follow nant Mr. Matthews! "Who'd crowd me? This is between the two of us, me out? I'd like to see anybody isn't it? Then this night I'll write crowd me out! a letter to Mrs. Cassidy, telling her of "Sorry I spoke!" said Miss Boyle. the serpent warming its fangs at her

"I was only thinking of your new fireside ; of the wolf in human disguise boarder. I was only wondering if he of the vulture and hyena with their was feeling at home yet." parents' portraits on her walls." "He's most—most—most damna- Miss Boyle steadily gulping, but her tionally at home! " spluttered wrath- eyes looking deep interest over the ful Mr. Matthews. "He's— But rim of the glass. " Why, sure, and he's would you come around to Farley's an old crank," from Miss Boyle; "but and have a little drink, Miss Boyle?" is he as bad as all .that, I don't know? "Well," said Miss Boyle, "I might Why will you be telling her all that?" have one." "To arouse the suspicions of her So they went to Farley's and sat in against him!" said Mr. Matthews. the back room, where Mr. Matthews "And then?" pressed the electric button in the wall, "That'll start her investigating and and kept on pressing till some of his looking up his record. I'd investigate ill-temper was relieved. him myself only I ain't never had no "Is he at home?" spluttered Mr. steadiness in me for any such detective Matthews. "Oh, no, but it's the work. But, out of her own curiosity, " " ' !

558 WATSON'S MAGAZINE she will look up his record, if I once faced admit you have a wife and childer ' raise the suspicions of her, and she'll you left to shift for theirsel ves ? find out what he's done." "But I couldn't support them all!" " " Find out what?" impatiently. groaned Mr. Matthews. How long "Find out what he's done!" said since she was here, and will she be right Mr. Matthews. back? And will I have time to get my " And what's that ? trunk packed? She'd shoot me, let ''I don't know." alone having the police onto me, Mrs. "Aw, such talk! such talk!" Miss Cassidy. It'll look bad for me leaving Boyle disgusted and rising. "You the lot of them in midwinter and not a don't know what he's done ? Then how cent in the house. Was she very wild do you know he has done anything?" about it, Mrs. Cassidy?" "There's the point!" cried Mr. Mat- But Mrs. Cassidy had run to the thews. "Every man has! That's just hall, and up on the stairs she sat until, it! That's the great human principle having packed his trunk, he hastened, I'm working on; which is that every with it on his shoulder, down the stairs. man has something in his past that he'd "Mercy on us!" Mrs. Cassidy was fear to have found out. I'll rise Mrs. saying to Miss Boyle, "but there's been Cassidy, and she'll investigate what revelations, this blessed morning, to McGovern's particular secret is." me! It's a married man he's been all "Ho! hum! the men is a bad lot!" the time and not only married, but said Miss Boyle indifferently. got a wife and small childer besides." When Mr. Matthews went back to "But how'd you ever come to hear the second-floor rooms of the old yel- word of it?" Miss Boyle asked. low house the masterfulness of Mr. " 'Tis that is the queer part of it," " McGovern irritated him highly. Mrs. Cassidy answered. I did but "But never mind!" said Mr Mat- begin accusing him, just to find out, thews to himself, "I'll fix you!" and there, my dear, he outs and gives More masterfulness, under which Mr. his own self away. 'Was she here?' Matthews writhed. But Mr. Matthews he says, and nobody mentioning such said: "Oh, just wait!" a person. There's the way of the wicked for you! I got this letter this The next day was Saturday. On morning and began accusing him, and Saturdays Mr. Matthews worked half me not knowing what I was talking days, so he was home a little after noon. about, to see if the way of the wicked And he went lightly up the tenement would be the way of him—and it was stairs. He blithely entered the Cas- Miss Boyle reading the letter. sidy kitchen, for with Mr. McGovern "But, woman, dear, this don't say away working, he might dominate. which of your boarders is meant." So, joyously, Mr. Matthews entered Mrs. Cassidy reaching for the letter the kitchen, and and carefully reading it. "Why "Merciful Father, Mr. Matthews," indeed, and you're right, and does it? cried Mrs. Cassidy, "but I've been But how well I lit on the right one of; hearing strange tales of you!" them and never thought of accusing' Blitheness swept away, and conster- t'other one. Miss Boyle, in the name nation instead! "Then she's been of the Lord, what ails you?" here?" the gentleman faltered. Miss Boyle shaking with billowy? " Honor of Gawd, Mr. Matthews, but laughter. " Did you ever hear th I'd never thought it of you!" like!" cried Miss Boyle. "But h "What did she say?" tremulously. was right about at least one man having "Was the childer with her? How did something in his life he'd not want she find out my address? uncovered! Why, woman, dear "Don't speak to me!" cried the though he meant to rise your suspi- widow. "The men is all alike! You cions of the other one, you've found can't trust nobody! So you bare- him out bv his own letter." —

The Currency Trust

BY FLAVIUS J. VAN VORHIS

(Conclusion) nomics why money intended to be used in business ought not to be good enough is indispensable to understand to pay debts, under any and all circum- IT what, in financial economics of stances, to any and all creditors. any country, is standard money. If it be true, as claimed by the advo- All the money reported in the Circula- cates of the single gold standard, that tion Statement is not standard money. the value of the coin as money depends There is an economic distinction, as upon the value of the metal there is in before stated, between standard money it, then it would be wise to take them and other kinds of money. Standard at their word. If this claim is correct, money has one peculiarity—one dis- then the legal tender quality given to tinction—and only one. That dis- it by law adds nothing to its value, and tinction does not depend upon the may without injury be taken away

material out of which it is made . Stand- from it. It would be wise to do this, ard money will perform every function and give that quality to paper currency that any other money will perform, and to be issued by the Government. It in addition will pay a debt over the would certainly not make the paper objection of the creditor. This one currency any less useful in business, distinction—regardless of what may nor the coin, if they are correct, any have been its origin in the past or in the less valuable as money. Let them other countries—is at this time in this be taken at their word, and see how country the result of law. It is pro- quickly and how loudly they will pro- vided by law that a certain thing shall test. In this way the hypocrisy of be accepted by a creditor in payment their arguments will be shown, and the of debts he holds when the debtor ten- utter dishonesty of their present pur- ders it to him in payment. Such pro- poses. There is no possible honest vision of law makes standard money, reason for decreasing the amount of without regard to the material of which debt-paying money—legal tender it is composed. It is standard of pay- and putting in its place money that is ment. If the Government can make not legal tender, and that creditors paper money legal tender—and there may refuse to accept when debtors is no doubt that it can—it can make it present it, and will refuse as sure as so that in no respect will it differ eco- fate when they find it will be to their nomically from metallic coins that the interests to do so. same Government has made legal ten- This is the side of the financial ques- der. If both are legal tender by vir- tion on which the dealers in, and hold- tue of the same law-making power, ers of, credits are preparing a corner then both are "standard money." on debts with the manifest purpose to There is no economic reason why every rob their debtors. On the other side, dollar of what is commonly called production and commerce are being money cannot be issued by the Gov- stimulated, and credits are being ernment and made "standard of pay- manufactured, with astonishing rapid- ment," legal tender, money. There is ity. On the business side, the question no reason in common sense or in eco- is not limited to debt-paying money, 559 560 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

but includes all kinds of money and dication of what will occur in the fu- everything that can perform in any ture. Since 1835 we have lost by degree the money function by assisting exportation almost $1,000,000,000 in in exchange. On the debt side, it is gold. Considerably over half of this not difficult to determine with approxi- has been lost since i860. During the mate correctness the volume of money year ending June 30, 1905, there was a to which the quantitative theory ap- loss of almost $40,000,000. Decrease plies. On the business side, it is more in the production of gold, for which it difficult. It is almost impossible to seems to be believed we must wait to tell anything about what is the volume have the importance of the money of money and money equivalents to question revived, is not therefore the which, in determining the activity of only thing that threatens our supply exchange, the theory applies, except of the metal, or that will tend to de- that it is very large and rapidly increas- crease the volume of our standard ing. Surprise is changed into astonish- money, if gold is to be the only thing ment when, in the face of such condi- out of which it can be made. We will tions, it is announced with such assur- be compelled to compete with all na- ance by the most prominent and ardent tions that want gold to keep the gold champion of bimetallism that the we produce at home. Why should our money question "must remain in abey- national standard of payment be sub- ance until conditions change." Just jected to the constant danger of de- what "change in conditions" is sup- creased production and increased ex- posed to be necessary to revive the im- portation of gold ? portance of the question has not been The purposes of the financial com- suggested by any one of those who bination, as already indicated, are to think it "must remain in abeyance," limit the standard to gold coin and to "because of its decreased importance." induce Congress to grant to the banks The inference is that we must wait for a further special privilege, in addition a decrease in the production of gold. to the many valuable special privi- A standard of payment is national. leges they already have, that will en- Because it is the result of national law able them to increase bank currency it cannot be international. It has and to create bank credits almost with- long been recognized that it is not de- out limit. These purposes are not sirable that it should be. If such new. The extent to which they have standard is metallic, the coin is the already been accomplished is sufficient standard and not the metal. If the to make ridiculous the proposition that standard is metallic, it is subject to an- increase of gold production has in- other danger quite as serious as de- creased the importance of the financial crease in the production of the metal. question. The gentlemen who have The coin can only be standard money made this absurd assertion have ad- so long as it remains in the country mitted that it is known that the advo- and under the dominion of the law by cates of the gold standard intend a which it was made a standard. As a crusade against silver now in circula- national standard, it cannot be ex- tion until it is destroyed as a standard ported. As a metal, it can. If the of payment, and its use as such limited standard is made out of gold, then the to subsidiary coin. They have admit- export of gold is equivalent to the de- ted .that it is intended to withdraw the struction of so much of our standard greenbacks and substitute a bank cur- of payment. If we receive gold by rency. They have admitted that it is importation, it is possible to increase known to be intended, if possible, to our standard money by coinage of it, substitute an asset currency that is not but no such increase by importation legal tender for all currency, coined or can be reasonably expected if the re- issued by the Government, except gold ports of the Treasury Department of coin and subsidiary silver. For any past imports are to be taken as any in- man to make the admission that he 6

THE CURRENCY TRUST 561

has such knowledge, and then assert by declaring "it is useless to press the that the money question has decreased subject at present." By what right in importance, is a manifestation of a does any man assert that the people want of knowledge quite as unexpected will not consider the question, or, if it as the want of knowledge of the relative is properly presented, that they cannot weights of silver coins. understand it? Wall Street has not Mr. Bryan, during and after the had much doubt about their being able campaign of 1904, made this absurd to understand it. The discussions of proposition, and asserted that the the period of 1876 were led by a party people cannot understand the question, few in numbers, but were understood and that we must wait for an object- by enough people to compel the undo- lesson and for time to open their eyes, ing of a part of what the financial and for events to reveal the purposes scoundrels had accomplished. The of "Wall Street. He has asserted that it information the people got in 1896 from will be useless to press the question the Democratic Party was meagre and now. Was there ever anything more one-sided, but it filled these scoundrels absurd? It is astoundingly absurd with terror and caused them to expend when it comes from Mr. Bryan. Has millions of dollars to prevent that in- not evil enough been done that we formation from bearing its legitimate should wait for more of it as an object- fruit. The victory was lost because lesson? Time has opened the eyes of of bad faith, individual treachery and some people; and Mr. Bryan claims party blindness. In 1900, when people that his eyes are open. Events have were beginning to know something revealed to some people the purposes about it and were anxious to hear more of the "financial group," and Mr. than they had heard, partisan stupid- Bryan claims that their purposes are ity permitted the insertion in the Kan- known to him. If he has the interest sas City platform of the declaration in the American people we have be- that imperialism was the paramount lieved him to have, what excuse can he question. This was in effect saying offer for not pressing the question in that an imperialistic result was more 1904 and since? The purpose of the important than a plutocratic cause. scoundrels who are delighted to be The purpose of this declaration was called financiers has been for forty not candid. It was intended to be, years proclaimed by legislation they and was made, the basis of excuse have induced an uninformed Congress everywhere for discouraging and pre- to enact. Some people have not venting the discussion of the financial understood it; some people have not question that the masses wanted to wanted it to be understood; but it is hear more than anything else. not therefore less important, nor is the In 1904, when it was manifest to duty of men who have understood it everybody, and could not be otherwise less imperative. What is the duty of a than understood by those who had man who has access by voice and pen to been recognized as leaders in 1896 and the people, and who claims to under- 1900, that it was the purpose of Wall stand the situation? Resort has been Street influences to take possession of had to every possible method and de- the party organizations everywhere and vice that dishonest ingenuity could put an end to the discussion of financial suggest to confuse, mislead and de- questions, a forlorn struggle—one ceive, that it might be concealed what might almost say a pretended struggle was the purpose and how it was to be —was made at St. Louis to keep the accomplished. In the face of this we question within range. The result was are told that the question must remain what everybody expected ; what every- in abeyance and nothing done. body knew it would be. When the Whether these leaders of 1896 have struggle had ended in the convention, intended to do so or not, they have Mr. Bryan and Mr. Towne, with other made themselves a party to these efforts leaders, abjectly submitted to the de- October, 1906— 562 WATSON'S MAGAZINE cree of Wall Street, that the question lives and efforts have been given to should not be discussed at all. As if accumulating what others have created. this was not sufficient abasement of The President recommended the de- themselves, and abashment of their struction of all Government legal ten- friends and former supporters, Mr. der currency and the redemption of Towne, who attended the convention silver dollars in gold. This is sufficient as a gagged member of the Tammany to show conclusively that the President delegation, accepted an invitation to has either desired to assist the scheme come to Indianapolis and speak for the of this group of scoundrels and that the glorification of Taggart—a man known recommendations were the price of by everybody in Indiana to be of a Wall Street's support, or that he had no notoriously bad political character, to correct knowledge of the subject con- say nothing worse, the keeper of the cerning which he was making recom- worse gambling hell in America, and mendations. His recommendations who had in 1896 and 1900 professed can in no possible way be made to con- loyalty to what we had hoped was a sist with an intelligent understanding new democracy, and at the same time of the subject and an honest effort to kept up intimate relations with its benefit the country. enemies, trying to keep himself solid It is most charitable to assume that with both, but actually ready to betray his knowledge was not sufficient to pre- either. Mr. Bryan, who had been the vent him from being misled. He gave hope of a large independent vote, no reason why the greenbacks should allowed himself, by a debased and im- be retired. It must be supposed that moral party loyalty, to be tied to the he had in mind the usual reason given tail of the Democratic donkey, and by the "financial group"—that the dragged through Indiana as a decoy, by greenbacks are a debt and ought to be whose advice it was hoped the voters of paid. This was first a department con- the state could be induced to do what struction under which the larger part of he, himself, had promised his friends this currency was destroyed. The dis- and his country he never would do. cussion of 1876 already referred to As surprising as was his advice, it was saved the amount of this currency that less surprising than his excuses after we still have. The position it now has the election. One of these excuses was is that, while, by the efforts and influ- that it was the fault of the people that ence of these so-called financiers, it has the money question was dropped out of been made redeemable in gold at the discussion. option of the holder, no part of it can be The complete surrender of the St. destroyed. However often this cur- Louis convention to Wall Street, and rency is presented and redeemed, it is the admission of Mr. Bryan and Mr. paid out again. The President's knowl- Towne that gold production had prac- edge seems not to have been sufficient tically brought all the advantages that to make it clear to him that there was could have been expected from a return an absurdity almost ludicrous in coup- to bimetallism, and that the money ling with this recommendation a recom- question thereby had become of so little mendation that silver dollars be made importance that it was not worth while redeemable in gold. If both recom- to press it, was followed in December mendations should be adopted, the re- by a brief reference to the question by mainder of the greenbacks would be the President in his message to Con- destroyed, and silver dollars would be gress. The recommendations made by placed in precisely the same position the President were in exact accord with that the greenbacks now are. If green- the wishes and purposes of the " finan- backs ought to be paid and destroyed cial group." This group was then, and because they are promises to pay gold, is now, made up of men not many of there is no reason that is either sensible whom have ever in all their lives created or honest in the proposition to make a single dollar of wealth; but whose silver dollars promises to pay gold. If THE CURRENCY TRUST 563 greenbacks are promise-to-pay dollars, sired because it will leave their place, and are made out of material of little or and the place of the silver certificates, no value, it is absurd to propose to to be filled by bank currency. It can- destroy them and put in their place not be reasonably doubted that this is promise-to-pay dollars made out of the ultimate purpose that is behind the material as expensive as silver. Prom- recommendations, whether the Presi- issory notes are usually written on dent knows it or not. When this is paper of little value. It would be a accomplished, the gold standard of most ridiculous proposition to ask to payment will have been fully estab- have a law enacted to compel all such lished and not until then. When the promises to pay to be engraved upon President's recommendations are silver plates. It would be just as sen- adopted we will have, amplified, the sible; it would be no more foolish than ridiculous situation of one legal tender to ask to have promise-to-pay dollars being redeemable in another. This is made out of silver. not, therefore, the end of the scheme. The greenback currency, first by de- No one ought to be deceived. The partment construction, and afterward purpose is to get silver dollars out of by law, was made equivalent to de- the way entirely. It is intended to mands on the Treasury for gold, and destroy them, not only as legal tender, became, as everybody knows, a con- but as a currency, just as was done by venient instrument for getting gold the Act of 1873. This part of the pur- out of the Treasury when wanted for pose will not come to light at once, but speculative exportation. This oper- sooner or later it will be disclosed. ation can be continued endlessly, be- There is no doubt about it. cause the currency is paid out again On April 6, 1906, the loans and dis- in the regular course of business. The counts of national banks amounted to very same men who were principally $4,141,176,698. It is shown by the instrumental in bringing this situation reports of the comptroller—a fact to about have been urging this "endless which I have before referred—that chain" as a reason for the destruction during the year 1905 there was an in- of this currency. The present situa- crease of these loans and discounts of tion shows the insincerity of this class over $1,150,000 for every business day. of financial freebooters. If the Presi- What would be the result if no further dent is not himself one of them, then increase of such credits should be per- we must conclude that by deception mitted? What would be the result if they have induced him to put himself all banks should refuse to increase in the ridiculous attitude of recom- their loans and discounts? What mending that an endless chain be wr ould be the result if an attempt was made out of silver and substituted for made to reduce the amount of these the paper chain. This would, of credits 25 per cent., or even 10 per course, be much worse than the other cent.? Can any thoughtful business because there would be more dollars in man have any doubt about what would it. be the effect? Is there any doubt that Suppose this should be done, is it not business depression would follow an plain what would occur? Precisely attempt to prevent further increase, the same reason will apply for redeem- and that business disaster would follow ing and retiring silver dollars, when an attempt to decrease? With such a they are made redeemable in gold, that situation as this, and the fact that the is now urged for retiring greenbacks. legislation recommended by the Presi- It will then be just as valid an argu- dent has already been embodied in a ment against the silver currency as it bill, and introduced in Congress, and is now against the greenback currency. that such bill contains also provisions It requires no prophet to predict that for an asset currency, and for branch the effort willbe made to drive silver banks, it is almost astounding to have dollars out of existence. This is de- such a man as Mr. Bryan assert that — —

564 WATSON'S MAGAZINE the financial question is less acute and an exchange value—as money. The less important than it was ten years coins have a new purpose—a new use ago. and have a new value just as furniture There is no doubt that it is the pur- has a purpose and use as furniture, and pose of the so-called financiers to se- therefore a new value. The coins do cure the destruction of every form of not, however, lose their value as metal legal tender money except gold. when coined as does lumber its value There is no doubt about the banking as lumber when made into furniture. interests desiring to secure the control Herein is the difficulty. of the entire volume of all other cur- The value of standard money, no rency, and to have such additional difference out of what it is made, has special privileges as will enable them the same economic origin as the value to create and inflate credits without of commodities. If the coins are legal any limitation or control whatever by tender the money value is increased by the Government. The entire business the demand there is for such coins to pay of the country will then be done on the debts—that is, as a standard of pay- credit of banks, currency, loans and dis- ment. The value of the material will counts. Every form of business will be be increased by this increased demand at their mercy. They can and will ex- just as the value of lumber will be in- act tribute from every industrial and creased by an increased demand for the commercial activity. When silver is things made of it. But when lumber made redeemable in gold, sooner or is made into furniture, and it loses its later, as certainly as night follows day, value as lumber, such value can never the same group of scoundrels who are be restored. Not so with silver and now advocating such redemption will gold when coined. The metals never demand, and in all probability will lose their value as metals. Because secure, iti retirement. The metal will they do not, the coins are subject to be sold in foreign markets where, since change in value in two ways. This is i860, about a billion dollars of our not an advantage as is sometimes silver production has been sold. claimed, but is a very grave disadvan- The apparent want of information, tage, that under bimetallism is in con- and the apparent want of proper con- siderable degree mitigated. It is sideration of our industrial and finan- claimed by some that the money value cial situation, not only among the of the coin depends upon the com- masses, but among those in high official modity value of the metal in it. This position, is such that it is never im- is a groundless and deceptive claim. proper—in fact, it seems almost neces- It is not true under bimetallism, but it sary—to take advantage of every op- is among the purposes of the financiers, portunity to discuss the economic without doubt, to bring this about, and purposes and results of bimetallism. at the same time, by limiting the Slver and gold are commodities. standard to one metal, to increase the They are not, as metals, in any modern value of that metal. At present the sense money. They are materials out silver dollar is —unless the contract to of which, in accordance with law, pay provides that it shall not be—the money is made, just as lumber is equal of the gold dollar as a debt-pay- material out of which furniture is made. ing money. This is because its money Lumber has a value in exchange—in value depends upon the law. The the market—as lumber, but when it is commodity value is not supported by converted into furniture it loses its the law, and the metal in a silver dollar value as lumber, and in its new form is not equal in commodity value to the has an economic—exchange—value as metal in a gold dollar because the com- furniture only. Silver and gold have modity value of gold is supported by an exchange value as metals. When law. These two values are a constant these metals are coined, as provided by cause of disturbance and injustice as law, the coins acquire another value between debtors and creditors. It is THE CURRENCY TRUST 565 impossible to prevent metallic money whether he knows it or not, has that from being influenced by fluctuations purpose. This crowd of dishonest in the value of the metal. The best de- schemers, that are misleading the vice that experience has suggested to President, pretend that, because of this reduce this fluctuation to the minimum difference in the value of the metals, is the use of two metals at a fixed ratio. the silver dollar is a dishonest and un- To get the full benefit of this device safe form of currency, and that it the metals must be treated exactly ought to be made redeemable in gold alike in their use as money, so that to make it safe and honest. This, of when the demand for one metal for all course, if done, will practically destroy purposes, including its use as money, it as a standard of payment. It will increases in value, the demand for in effect compel the nation to furnish money will turn to the money made out gold to pay every debt, for whoever of the other. This never has entirely gets silver on a debt can present it and prevented the fluctuation, but it has ask to have it redeemed in gold. With reduced the range of it to the minimum. silver legal tender out of the way, the It has been one of the purposes of the value of gold will control the money so-called financiers of the world to de- value of every dollar of our entire stroy this control because it has inter- volume of standard money. With the fered with speculation in the metals, silver dollar out of the way, there will and has in some degree prevented be nothing to prevent the perpetuation debtors from being robbed. of the most extensive, far-reaching and In 1873, Congress, without knowing disastrous robbery of debtors, public it, passed an act that destroyed ab- and private, of which history gives any solutely the lawful existence of the account. silver dollar. At the time the silver in The existing silver standard of pay- a dollar was worth more than the gold ment has been seriously crippled, but in a dollar. When this deception was it still has some power to protect discovered, a public demand forced debtors by holding down the value of Congress to restore it. But here again gold, as does also the greenback stand the schemers got in their work. The ard. The effect of the President's rec- dollar was restored, but in such a way ommendations, if enacted into law, that, while the silver dollar remained will remove the last vestige of this standard of payment for many debts, safeguard. If there is left only one the metals were no longer treated standard by which debts can be paid, alike in their use for money. The range and that standard is made of gold, the of difference in the commodity value of value of the standard will be completely the metals was, as a consequence, controlled by the commodity value of greatly increased. There were rela- the metal. This value will go up like tively few men who knew much about a rocket, because it will be the only the subject, and this want of knowl- thing out of which debt-paying money edge was taken advantage of to de- can be made, and the amount of avail- ceive and to confuse the people. The able gold will be inadequate to supply advantages of bimetallism were in the demand for debt-paying money. large degree lost. Every ounce of gold The amount of gold available will had free access to the mint for coinage, stand against the great volume of the while only a limited amount of silver world's debts. The amount of gold could be coined. There is a large available will equal in exchange value volume of debts for which silver dollars all other things of exchangeable value, are still a standard of payment. This not only in this country, but in the has been sufficient to hold the equality civilized world. of the coins as standard money. For This is the goal toward which we this reason the "financial group" are urged by the President. This is desires to get them out of the way. the goal we will have attained when The President's recommendation, the Government has ceased to have 566 WATSON'S MAGAZINE any control over either metallic or evils, but it has never been sufficient paper currency; when individual inter- to remove them entirely. Even with ests shall, as now, control the coinage bimetallism the time was approaching of gold and the issue of all paper cur- when it would cease to be even a pro- rency has been surrendered to national tection, when the volume of debts and banks, and is controlled, as it will be, other demands would increase the by a combination of Eastern banking demand for standard money until that capital. When this is accomplished, demand exceeded any possible volume gold will, to all intents and purposes, be of both metals, and the evils would the legal tender by weight, and will be return, as they did during the Civil controlled absolutely by the creditors War, when the Government was com- of the world. It will enable the holders pelled to increase the volume of of, and dealers in, credits not only to standard money by the issue of legal profit enormously at the expense of the tender paper. This currency was the world's debtors by an increase in the credit of the country used for money demand for gold, but will enable them and for the benefit of its own people. to increase that demand at will to an This has been proved by experience to extent and urgency that must result be the best possible money for any in such a disaster as no country has nation such as ours. The credit of a ever before experienced. stable nation is the only just and safe In furtherance of the purpose to standard of payment. It is now pro- increase the value of debts in the hands posed to destroy what is left of this of creditors, and decrease the value of splendid currency; that could do and property, plans are being made to did do, even though damaged in its secure, through an uninformed Con- making by the selfish greed "of the gress, and a misled President, special nation's wealthiest citizens," what gold privileges by which, under the stimula- never has done and never will do, and tion of bank currency and other money put in its place a dangerous currency equivalents, they can manufacture secured only by the assets of national credits and make public utilities the banks. basis for interest-bearing debts, that The asset currency proposition has in the end must be paid, if it is possible been given form and is laid away ever to pay them at all, by a standard somewhere in the congressional files. money contracted to such volume .as Two years ago the passage of the bill it is possible so have out of the pro- containing this formulated proposition duction of one metal, or so much of it was recommended by the Committee of as we are able to retain in the face of the House on Banking and Currency. the world's competition. An argumentative report was sub- The mistaken belief of Mr. Bryan mitted with the bill. It is not certain, and Mr. Towne, and the mistaken rec- of course, that when the proposition ommendations of President Roosevelt, reaches this or some future Congress play directly into the hands of the it will be in the same form. Judging by worst set of respectable financial scoun- past methods in financial legislation, drels that were ever a curse to any it is altogether likely that this bill was country. Unless the people awaken intended, as other bills have been, to to an understanding of the situation feel the public thought and thus to and there is a revolution in public judge how much could be safely, or at thought, the time will come when they least successfully, attempted. However will be "crucified on a cross of gold." this may be, it discloses the purpose This "financial group" is entirely and substantially the plan of procedure, willing that such friends of the people and the bill and the report ought to be shall be the instruments of public de- carefully considered— but there is little ception and crucifixion. hope that they will be—by every The evils of metallism are inherent. American citizen. The report is full Bimetallism has been a palliation of the of economic absurdities, of transparent —

THE CURRENCY TRUST 567 pretenses and bold-faced misrepre- money, on which business will be com- sentation. It leaves no room for pelled to depend, be turned over to doubt that the man who prepared national banks. The whole of this it has, by long subserviency to Wall proposed currency, if the plan is Street, so warped his intellect that he carried out, will be a debt due from was able to believe his own sophistries. banks. It will be an interest -produc- It may be true, although less charitable ing device that will possess the extra- to say it, that this report is a conscious ordinary character of producing inter- and premeditated effort to deceive est for the benefit of the debtor banks. one more step in the scheme of rascal- Oblivious to the fact that foreign trade ity. The bill abandons all economic has not added a single dollar to the learning and all teaching of history, nation's wealth since 1873, but that but the report asserts that it is intended on the contrary our exports, for which to "secure the advantages of ex- we have had no equivalent, have ex- perience." It is proposed in the bill ceeded our imports by more than seven to place the national credit under the billion dollars, it is claimed that the control of national banks, but it is establishment of branch banks at home pretended in the report that this is to and in foreign countries will increase protect that credit. Pretending to this trade and develop the marine protect the Treasury Department, it is service. The committee does not men- proposed to take away its power as a tion, if indeed it knows anything at all department of Government and make about it, that the branch bank prop- it nothing more than an aid to national osition, for which provision is made banks. It is assumed, without reason in the bill, is a scheme in the interest or argument, that the Government of the Eastern banking combination, currency is a grievous burden, and it is and that it will enable this combina- proposed to give to the national banks tion more easily to exact tribute from a bonus in the way of a most profitable every business and every industry of special privilege to carry this pretended American citizens at home and abroad. burden. The report says the Govern- The committee caps the climax of ment ought to be relieved of responsi- pretenses by the old and often used bility, and advises the passage of this pretense that the credit of the nation bill, which takes from it all power over is in danger, and by the same old what the report calls "commercial hypocrisy about our "commercial reserve," that is—if this means any- honor." thing—over the gold that, according This bill was on the files of Congress to the scheme, is to be the only money before the President made his recom- that will, when creditors get ready to mendations, and it looks as if he had demand it, pay debts. it in mind. There are some who, The bill actually proposes to prac- when they read what I have written, tically strip the Government of all will say: Surely this cannot be true; power over its own financial system. surely it must be a mistake or an Under its provisions the Government exaggeration. To any such, all that would have no power to coin money I can say is, get a copy of House Bill except at the request of individuals, No. 13,363, of the Fifty-seventh Con- and no power to issue paper currency gress, and study it. except upon the demand of national This is not all the evil that is con- banks. It reduces the Treasury De- tained in that bill. Some things in it partment to the position of a collector the committee do not mention. In and disburser, without power to have the body of the bill is found the ma- a financial policy or power to control chinery of a scheme to put it practically banks. The report recommends to out of the power of the people to free "simplify its fiscal system" the passage themselves, without great difficulty, " of the bill, and, under the flimsiest from the grasp of the " financial group pretext, recommends the issue of all which this bill will give. It provides 568 WATSON'S MAGAZINE for abolishing the office of the comp- that no burden rests upon the Treasury troller and putting in his place a board Department by reason of the legal of three members, each of whom will tender notes, or if any does, it is not, hold his office for twelve years, one by the provisions of the bill, trans- going out every four years, and no ferred to the banks in such a way that one of whom can be removed by the it is any burden to them. No . good President, if there should be a change reason has ever been given why these of administration. The inference notes should be redeemed and retired. amounts to a certainty, that it is fully If this formulated plan should be- understood that when the grip tightens come a law, it will result in two kinds the people will protest, and this prep- of national bank currency. One kind aration is here made to prevent any will be secured by bonds, and the ulti- interference by reason of possible mate security of the other will be the political changes. There would always money of national bank depositors. be two members of the board who The honesty of intention in the pro- would hold over. The Hill bill, intro- posed issue of such currency is dis- duced in a former Congress, and many closed by a public utterance of the provisions of which have since been secretary of the Treasury. Mr. Shaw enacted into law, contained this same is said to have expressed the opinion provision almost word for word. In that the asset currency should be so the report of the committee on that made that, when issued, the public bill it was frankly avowed that the pur- could not tell the difference between it pose of this proposed change in the and the bond currency. Think of this comptroller's office was what I have from a Cabinet officer! A man only a indicated. few degrees above a moral idiot ought The asset currency proposition con- to be able to understand the immo- tained in the bill is intended to enable rality of such a proposition. The whole the banks to issue a currency without a scheme is tainted with immorality, as deposit of bonds to secure it. It is not will be more fully appreciated when we intended to compel the retirement of consider the security for this asset- currency secured by bonds, although currency-bank-debt. that might be done, and possibly would More than 62^ per cent, of the aggre- be done at some time. There is noth- gate of national bank paid-up capital is ing in the bill that would prevent banks now held by the Treasury Depart- from retaining the bond currency and ment to secure bond currency; and taking out asset currency, provided more than 10 per cent, of it is held to the aggregate was no greater than the secure United States deposits. In paid-up capital. One of the specific other words, about 73 per cent, of the purposes of the bill is to destroy the aggregate paid-up capital is already greenback currency concurrently with out of the hands of the banks and held the issue of asset currency. The pre- by the Government. It cannot be tense that there is a purpose to relieve reached by any lien against assets. the Treasury Department of the burden Banks thus encumbered can receive of the legal tender currency by putting an amount of asset currency, if the it on the banks is a cover for giving plan of this bill is carried out, equal to them this special privilege. It is 10 per cent, of their capital each pretended that the issue of this pro- year until the aggregate of bond cur- posed currency is a privilege given to rency and asset currency equals the national banks in consideration of paid-up capital. According to the their agreeing to provide for the cur- provisions of this bill, or of any propo- rent redemption of the legal tender sition for asset currency that has yet notes. It will not require much ex- come to light, it is intended that the amination of the bill, and the report, currency shall be a first lien on the to convince any intelligent man that assets of the bank issuing it. In the the whole contrivance is a fraud, and event of the bank failing it is provided —

THE CURRENCY TRUST 569 that "The United States Treasury holders. This currency will be, as any Department shall recover from the bank currency is, just as much a debt assets of said failed bank an amount a liability—as the debt due depositors. equal to its outstanding asset cur- There is no equitable reason why the rency." holders of this currency, or of any Under such a scheme who, in the bank currency, should have any pref- name of reason and honesty, furnishes erence over depositors. If, as a matter the ultimate security for this currency of public policy, it is necessary for the debt of the bank? What constitutes Government to guarantee bank cur- the assets of a bank? Not capital rency to the holders of it, it ought to alone, but everything that is reported be done directly. The honesty of the by the bank under the head of re- plan to secure bank currency by the sources. This includes the money of credit of the Government, and provide depositors. On April 6, 1906, the for the Government reimbursing itself aggregate paid-up capital of the 5,975 out of bank assets, is questionable. banks then in existence was $819,307,- It is unjust to bank depositors and 406, and the resources or assets $7,760,- other bank creditors, whether that 617,682. The liabilities, exclusive of currency be secured originally by capital, surplus and undivided profits, bonds or by a lien against assets. were $6,289,945,394. Of this amount Every dollar of bond currency now it appears that the liability to deposi- outstanding rests upon the credit of tors was about $5,000,000,000. The the Government. This will be true of banks have in their hands, as part of the proposed asset currency. In both bank assets, that amount of money cases it is the credit of the Govern- belonging to depositors. It ought ment loaned to the banks at about the rather to be said that they owe their cost of issuing the currency. depositors that amount, for they do not The special privileges granted to have that amount of money on hand, national banks are very profitable to and cannot have any such amount for them. The business men of the coun- the reason that it is largely in excess try must surely understand that the of the "General Stock of Money in the holders of bank currency, whether United States." The deposits are secured by bonds or a first lien on five-eighths of the aggregate assets, assets, are nothing more than pre- and are of course covered by any first ferred creditors of banks. The Gov- lien against bank assets. If asset ernment protects the currency holders, currency is secured by a first lien not at its own expense, but at the ex- against assets, less than 27 per cent. pense of other creditors of the banks; of the capital can be covered by at the expense of the business com- it, because 73 per cent, of it is held by the munity depositing in the banks and Treasury Department. No bank fails doing business with them. If public with its capital unimpaired. When a policy requires that the credit of the bank fails it is because it has lost its sur- nation shall be used to secure bank plus and a part at least of its capital. currency, it is difficult to understand The ultimate security for this proposed why it will not be better, in every way currency will, without doubt, in every less complicated, much safer and more instance, rest upon the money of de- in accordance with business honesty positors. As security for the bond for the Government to issue the cur- currency the Treasury Department rency without any intervention of the has in its possession the equivalent of banks. Why should the credit of the every dollar of such currency. It will country be used for the profit of banks hold nothing with which to pay the at the expense of the Government and asset currency. The Government will of private business interests ? The ad- hold no collateral security for it, but ministration is making investigations will hold a first lien against bank and bringing suits to relieve the people assets for the benefit of asset-currency of the evil and the injustice of com- ! ;

570 WATSON'S MAGAZINE mercial and industrial trusts, but currency in the near future. The seems to be wholly oblivious to the crusade is about to begin. Literature fact that the recommendations made is beginning to arrive from New York. and legislation proposed will, if enacted The first is a pamphlet by Mr. Johann- into law, create a currency trust with sen on "The Proper Rate of Taxation more power for evil than all other for Asset Currency." Who he is no trusts combined. one knows, except possibly in New For now more than a year the York. On the back of this pamphlet general public has heard very little is printed the commendation of Mr. about asset currency. Now and then Youngman, not much better known, we have been entertained by press but who describes himself "Editor reports of official twaddle about an Bankers' Magazine." Who pays for emergency currency—for which there the printing of such papers and for the is no necessity, and that can have postage in sending them out can be no purpose, except to aid the New inferred. No such information, how- York stock gamblers—and about an ever, appears upon the publication. elastic currency that is as impossible One thing is certain—judging by the of attainment in finance as perpetual past—such publications are sure har- motion in mechanics. We shall, in bingers of what will be attempted in the all probability, hear more about asset Congress following their circulation.

White Magic

BY HENRY FLETCHER HARRIS

SEE from this bleak house of mine, Across the flats the salt pools shine, I Now white as frost, now red as wine.

I hear the slow tides climb and fall, And in the cloud the wild ducks call Days gloom to night, and that is all.

Yet once of old, Love found a way To make this House of Memories gay As May—and festivals in May

Often So ii "DA, Cupid is the god of love, isn't he?" -*- "That is the usual belief, my son." "Then it is cupidity that makes people marry, isn't it, pa?" "That is generally the case, my son."

Miss Democracy: " Oft, Goodie, I knew he wouldn't stay i4 Tasfc for ffte Gods down long." Warren, in Boston Herald. Handy, in Detroit News-Tribune. oboooooooooooooooooooooooocoocoococco^ OOCC OCOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOCO

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Unc/e Sam: "Mr. Hill, if yon would keep your eyes less on Wall Street and more on your roadbed, you would have fewer scenes like that." Morris, in Spokane Spokesman- Review.

571 "

an IDEALIST 7-t '*:

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Not every love-story has a hero. "No, but one ought to wish she 11 will be dreadful to teach in might, when she married." IT that stuffy schoolroom, I do "Mr. Marsh is clever, if that is what wish you would get married," you want. Joe says he will be a leading said Jane Lacy, with the frankness of man in the state one of these days." an intimate friend. "With three nice " Mr. Marsh never bores me." Patty men in love with you, it seems a shame looked thoughtful. " I love to talk to for you to ruin your looks and your him and he has a delicious sense of health by teaching. If you would only fun. I like him—but I don't admire marry— " she paused. him. He hasn't convictions of his "Which one?" demanded Patty. own; he veers around to the popular "Why, I don't know exactly. All side; his newspaper trims its sails to are nice in different ways. Alfred is keep in the main current." a splendid fellow, he belongs to such "It's very hard to teach," insisted an aristocratic family, and he is so Jane, returning to the first issue. correct in every way." "You have to be at the graded school "It's the way they dress him!" at half-past eight, winter days and retorted Patty merrily. "Alfred has rainy days and all. I should much been overtrained to the point of being rather be married." finical. He has heard so much "So should I," assented Patty about his deferential courtesy that heartily. Then she burst out frankly: he's all run to manners. He told me "Oh, Jane, it's because I should love that the reason he had chosen to teach to care for somebody dearly, dearly, Greek was because it was a profession that I'm not willing to marry unless I of gentlemen! It takes him ten min- do! You want to see me marry one utes to peel an apple, and he wears of these men because you think we overshoes in dry weather." should be happy like Joe and yourself, " I think it's silly to object to a man but don't you see the worldwide dif- keeping his feet dry," declared prac- ference? I don't love any of them. tical Jane. "Well, there's Ed Dil- It isn't the overshoes or the newspaper lard, he has been in love with you for —it's simply that I shall never marry years; he is rich, generous, and has fine until I care for somebody with every business ability." bit of my heart and soul, for I know "Jane, he calls three times a week. I could love that way." At ten, I begin to peer the clock; Morrison, at So it was that Patty . at half-past, I am staring at it in spite twenty-three years of age, pretty, rosy, of myself; at a quarter to eleven, I feel blue-eyed, took upon herself the in- as if I must move up the hands to get struction of the primary grade of them to the hour. He always rises School No. 2. when it strikes. Think of going Her father and mother were dead, through life with that torture every and she lived with a married sister, evening! whose increasing family meant a di- "You wouldn't have to spend every minishing purse, so that Patty felt she evening at home en tete-a-tete." must be self-supporting. At first she 572 " "

AN IDEALIST 573

liked the work. Her exuberant enthu- some copies, and as she wrote down, siasm conquered many difficulties; "To thine own self be true," she said, she loved children and succeeded well "That's a nice line., and all in mono- " with them. syllables! The inevitable rebound came, and Patty had turned aside not to betray in the sixth year, when September a smile, and had forgotten the incident. struck in, she felt as if she could not Now she seemed to see again the words take up the daily routine of school. written before her, incisive, penetrating, Her work had been changed, so that their beauty not obscured by hack- the arithmetic classes fell to her. All neyed use. day long she taught arithmetic, until Her heart was heavy as she refused she loathed the very sight of figures to marry Ed Dillard, but her soul felt or the drone of the multiplication table. as if a load of possible treachery had She came home at night with a bundle been lifted. of papers to look over. The years went by, one like another. At Christmas Ed Dillard came to Pretty, plump Patty Morrison was for- see her. He had moved to a larger gotten, thin and prim " Miss Patience" town and she had not seen him for a had taken her place. Only her serene year. She studied herself critically blue eyes gave a clue to her old friends' in the glass—the daily roses that used statement, "Patty used to be so pretty, to bloom in her cheeks had not been can't you remember? hardy enough to withstand the late She was angular and flat-chested hours that her work entailed. She now, and for twenty years she had was twenty-nine, and she looked every taught arithmetic in School No. 2. In day of it. Mr. Marsh was engaged to the summers she rested, if she felt very the governor's daughter. Alfred was tired; or she went to a summer school married. Ed alone remained faithful to keep from getting rusty, though she to her, and his constancy touched found it increasingly difficult to keep her. She thought of the years of up with new methods. Her salary en- work ahead, and she was tired already. abled her to help her nieces and All her friends were married; she was nephews, and perhaps her greatest joy the only spinster in their book club, lay in the fact that the two boys owed the only one who was not "settled" their college education to her. Some —with varying degrees of happiness of her old friends were very fond of her,

and success , it is true , but still " settled. but with most of them there was a Several had children, Jane had three touch of patronage. When Jane gave —and oh, how every fibre of Patty's an elaborate luncheon she felt that it being yearned for them! There is was rather nice of her to invite Patience. many a mother who has never borne It was not because ot the turned black a child, and Patty's soul was tenderly, dress and shabby bonnet, but because deeply maternal. But she never spoke "Patty has grown so tiresome; she

of th s now , nor of any of the innermost never talks of anything but the graded longings of her heart, as she had done schorl or her sister's children." once to Jane. How could she—poor Miss Patience, "An old maid is bad enough; let me who had known only that treadmill keep it to myself if I'm a sentimental through a score of years? one," she thought. Her friends were very good to her Often she dreamed of her lover to when her health broke down. The whom she might have given her heart physicians called it "nervous prostra- covers unbidden. Should . she give up her tion," the name which divers maiden fancies, her ideals of love and manifestations of overspent vitality. living, and take Ed Dillard for her Fortunately the attack came in the husband ? summer, but doctors' fees had made A few days before, the writing- deep inroads upon Miss Patience's slen- teacher had come into her room to set der purse, and she was glad when Sep- , "—

574 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

tember began and she could go to work. grown tired of the city and had come A few days before school opened the back to his birthplace. new superintendent called. He was In quite the old way he talked about suspiciously jaunty and smiling. himself; at ten Miss Patience caught "Ah, Miss Morrison, good morning! herself stealing glances at the clock; at I have been distressed to hear of your half-past ten she was counting the illness. In fact, it was the main cause ticks; the stroke of eleven saved her that determined me to change your from nodding outright. work to something less—er—engrossing Miss Patience represented a distinct than mathematics. I wish you to take quantity in Dillard's prosperous life. the primary work in School No. 3. The She was the only thing he had ever walk to the school is longer, but I am wanted—and wanted very earnestly sure the exercise will prove a benefit." that he had not obtained. How she "And the salary?" asked Miss Pa- must regret that youthful folly! It tience quietly, her thoughts on the bills was with a benignant sense of his own that were still unpaid. magnanimity that he wrote the next "It is—er—ten dollars a month less day and asked her to marry him. than what you have been receiving." It was raining dismally when Miss "Did I not give satisfaction where I Patience came back from school. She was?" was changing her bedraggled skirts, She was thinking of the pleasant when a young girl entered hurriedly. teachers with whom she had been "Oh, Aunt Patty, would you mind associated for years. She shrank from darning my white silk stockings? You the strangers of School No. 3. do it so beautifully, and I should ruin "Well, since you insist upon it," them." She tossed them on the bed as replied the young superintendent, with she spoke. " Here's a letter for you. some hesitation, " I think you gave too Miss Patience bathed her tired eyes, little oral work. Too many papers, and holding the stocking close to see it " entirely too many! well enough, darned back and forth Instinctively Miss Patience put up in tiny stitches. She did not pick up her hand to her glasses. They also the letter until she had finished. It bore testimony to the "many papers" was probably the receipt from the over which she had labored faithfully druggist. these many years. Twice she read the contents of that The school was on the outskirts of surprising letter. She closed her eyes town, among the factory population, and tried to picture the glorious possi- and she found her new position a hard bilities within her reach. No longer to one. be patronized by old friends nor One night as she sat in her room, slighted by superintendents many utterly weary, a card was handed to years her junior; no more days in her. To her surprise it bore the name School No. 3, surrounded by ill-smelling of Mr. Edward Daingerfield Dillard. factory children! A beautiful home, a She was glad to see him, though she carriage, exquisite soft clothes such as wondered whether she would have recog- she had always wished to wear, and nized her girlhood friend in the pompous which would keep her from looking stout gentleman whom the state papers as she overheard someone say—"Fifty, " always called "a financial magnate." if she's a day! She asked about his work, and felt in- How amazed the town would be terested in the great success that had when she became the wife of its one attended it. He told her that he had millionaire! How much she could do decided to buy his old homestead and for her sister's family, and for the many build a magnificent residence there. poor people to whom she gave now, He had been living in New York, but though so scantily in comparison with since the death of his wife and the what Mrs. Edward Daingerfield Dillard marriage of his only daughter he had could give! She lingered on the pros- AN IDEALIST 575 pect—but underneath she heard the ing it too long, in her effort to keep on insistent voice of that conscience with her work and to help a young whose promptings she had followed all teacher who was ailing. these years. She realized that the end was near, She had refused Dillard in her youth and the nieces and nephews who hung because she did not love him. She did around her bedside felt their eyes grow not love him now. Was her woman- dim at the look of expectation, of ex- hood weaker than her girlhood? Was altation, on her worn face. the long struggle of years to go for nothing ? Many of the little children missed Her answer astonished Dillard more the kind gaze of the near-sighted blue than any event of his life. She never eyes. Her old friends felt glad they told anyone of his offer. had been so good to poor Patience. "They would think me crazy," she To one person she remained an un- thought, with the smile that had be- solved enigma. Mr. Dillard looked longed to the old Patty. " If one could around his palatial residence, at the decide a thing once for all and have pretty wife who enjoyed it as any done with it! My life seems to have reasonable woman would do, and been a series of decisions." wondered. But a deep, new peace had come to "Poor Patty! She must have been " her, and she wondered sometimes why a little touched! Dillard's offer had been the temptation He followed the way of the world in that it undoubtedly was. She flung putting down as eccentric those quali- herself with more ardor into her work ties which he could not understand. among the factory children, delighting How should he have understood, when in the sure seed she saw growing in soil not one of the people among whom that had seemed barren. Patience Morrison had lived her simple, When Dillard married one of the unpretending life had recognized that prettiest debutantes of the season, she was of the fibre of which martyrs and Patience heard the congratulations are made, to whom the material is lavished upon the young girl, whose less than the spiritual, the abstract head was turned by the "brilliant principle everlastingly above the con- match," she felt only a tender pity for crete gain. The stress and duress of the child who had parted so early with life had not made her confuse the sym- the ideals which are our best inheri- bol and the reality. tance. They called her "an old maid" in Miss Patience had taught for several half-contemptuous pity, for it needed years at School No. 3 when an epi- a larger love, a deeper insight than demic of grippe swept the town. When theirs, to see that the word covered a she finally succumbed to the disease long, brave adherence to a lofty the doctor declared she had been resist- ideal. The Railway Mail Service

BY DAVID A. GATES

Post-office more than any is the most necessary part of this THEother part of the national Gov- machine that runs so smoothly and ernment comes near touching makes so little noise that we seldom every citizen. Few persons there are think of it as running at all ? It is the who do not do business to a greater or postal clerk. Ability is required in the less extent with Uncle Sam's Post- distribution and the handling of the offices. Interfere with the mail and mail at the Post-offices. But it takes you seriously affect the business of something more than ability to do the millions of people. Telegraphic and work of the postal clerk. The service telephonic services are too expensive he performs calls for integrity, intel- for anything but emergency business. ligence and courage of a high order. The United States Mail is by long odds Nerve, pluck, energy, endurance, the the cheapest and most reliable means men who handle the mail on Uncle of communication. Sam's mail trains must have plenty of When the merchant does not re- these. ceive his business letters promptly Last fiscal year the 12,110 postal he is disturbed. Let the farmer's clerks in the United States handled magazine or weekly paper fail to reach 18,122,903,880 pieces of ordinary mail him in time for Sunday and he knows matter and 41,648,933 pieces of that something is wrong. If it hap- registered matter. They made 1,638,- pens the second time he will make com- 860 errors, an average of a little over plaint, and there is an investigation. 135 errors to the clerk. Probably it will develop that some On first blush the number of errors unit in the Post-office Department has may look big; but when the work done failed to do his duty, and there is a is considered the million and odd errors suspension or a removal. If some- become insignificant. For every error thing of this kind does not occur, not in the handling of mail by postal one man in every thousand will stop to clerks 10,602 pieces were handled cor- consider how really good and indis- rectly. Correct 10,602 and incorrect pensable a thing the Post-office De- once! Where is the business man or partment is. Levying a comparatively the professional man who can boast of insignificant tax for the service, this such a record? A merchant or manu- department supplies the life blood of facturer, a lawyer or a physician who the great, throbbing business world. could be relied on to hit the mark more Of the $170,000,000 needed annually than ten thousand times before he to operate the Post-office Depart- missed it would be considered a success ment, 91 per cent, comes from postal by his fellow-citizens. Even a minis- revenues; the other 9 per cent, comes ter of the gospel whose mistakes were from the tax collected through the Cus- over ten thousand times apart would toms and Internal Revenue Depart- feel justified in claiming a clear title to ment. mansions in the skies. And what is the most valuable asset While on the subject of errors it is of the Post-office Department? What interesting to note how rapidly the 576 7

THE RAILWAY MAIL SERVICE 577 postal service has grown in proficiency have for their object the building of since it was divorced from politics. In cars and apartments in such manner as 1890 there was an error for every to combine carrying capacity and

2,834 pieces of mail handled correctly. strength ; anti-telescoping features After that there was a rapid and steady looking to the protection of the improvement until 1897. Since 1897 clerks in case of wreck have received there has been practically no improve- special attention. ment in the number of pieces carried Discouraging though it may be, it is to the error. nevertheless true that, judging from the In carrying and distributing the record, there has been little improve- eighteen and a quarter billion pieces ment in railway mail equipments during of mail matter the 12,101 postal clerks the past thirty years. When we take a worked on 197,353 miles of steam rail- look at statistics we are confronted with road, cable and electric car and steam- the startling fact that year by year the boat lines, and traveled, either alone number of casualties in proportion to or in crews, 260,210,225 miles. In the number of clerks employed has addition to the miles traveled by mail steadily increased. Between July i, clerks in the Railway Mail Service, 1875, and July i, 1805, an average of there were 116,373,812 miles covered 6,300 postal clerks were employed. by the Closed Pouch Service, via rail- During this period 190 clerks were roads, steamboats and electric lines. killed, 1,439 seriously injured and 3,350 The total increase of mileage of every slightly injured—total, 4,979. The first kind in 1905 was more than ten million ten years an average of 3,203 clerks miles over the previous year. The were employed. The casualties were number of miles of railway and steam- 28 killed, 182 seriously injured and 244 boat lines covered by the Railway slightly injured—an average of 1 Mail Service increased, in 1905, 5,321 casualty to every 70 clerks. The next miles over the previous year. ten years the average number of clerks The equipment of the Railway Mail employed was 6,480. The records Service consists of cars used exclusively show for this period 62 fatalities, 592 for the mail and apartments on railwa} serious injuries and 808 slight injuries; cars, electric cars and steamboats. total, 1,462 —a casualty a year for every Last fiscal year there were in use 1,015 44 clerks employed. Then comes the full cars, 2,708 apartment cars and last ten years of the period ending July 115 apartments on steamboats, mak- 1, 1905, with an average of 9,217 clerks ing a total of 3,838 cars and apart- employed. There were 100 fatalities, ments in use. The full cars are used 665 serious injuries and 2,298 slight on through mail trains—the apartment injuries; total, 3,063 casualties— 1 a cars on local trains. Two or more year for every 30 clerks employed. clerks work the full railway Post-office The record for the three years from lines; a single clerk usually looks after July 1, 1902, to July 1, 1905, shows how a local line. A number of exclusive steady the increase in casualties has mail trains made up of three or more been. The average number of postal full cars employ a force of from six to clerks employed during that period was seventeen clerks. The line employing the 11,214. The casualties foot up for the largest number of clerks, seventeen, is three years 51 killed, including 3 sub- one of the runs on the New York and stitutes, 293 seriously injured and 1,132 Chicago R. P. O. over the New York slightly injured; total casualties, 1,486 Central Railroad. —an average of 1 casualty a year to All equipment is provided by the every 23 clerks employed. Annually a railway or steamboat line carrying the postal clerk was killed for every 660 mail. The full cars and apartments employed, and 1 was either killed or are built, however, according to speci- seriously injured for every 97 employed. fications furnished by the Post-office During the ten years from July 1, 1875, Department. These specifications there was a casualty a year for every 70 October, 1906— 578 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

clerks employed ; during the last three stagnate and commerce would pretty years there was a casualty to every 23 nearly be at an end. Without this im- employed. Last fiscal year the per- portant factor in the Railway Mail Serv- centage of fatalities and serious injuries ice to bring buyer and seller together was higher than the percentage of seed-time and harvest would be of little casualties of every kind in 1880. consequence. The greatest number of clerks killed It may be noted in passing that pos- any fiscal year was in 1904, the number tal clerks are not the only persons who being 18 clerks and 2 substitutes. have fared badly at the hands of the Five is the largest number killed at one railroads. In recent years there has time, that number having been killed been a remarkable increase in the per- June 26, 1 89 7, in a wreck on the Wabash centage of casualties to passengers on Railroad, at Missouri City, Mo. A railroad trains. According to the re- like number was killed in a wreck on port of the Interstate Commerce Com- the Southern Railroad at Danville, Va., mission, the railroads in 1897 carried September 27, 1903. 489,445,198 passengers. Of these they The postal car is usually immediately killed 222 and wounded 2,795—a casu- behind the engine, hence it is not sur- alty for every 162,229 passengers. In prising that the percentage of killed 1904 they hauled 715,419,682 passen- and maimed among postal clerks is gers. Of these they killed 441 and high. For many years the Post-office wounded 9,111 —a casualty for every Department has been endeavoring to 74,897 persons hauled. In seven years induce the railroads to give the postal the casualties increased from 1 to 162,- car a more favorable position in the 229 passengers, to 1 to every 74,897 train. The rates paid for carrying the passengers. The chance of a passenger mails are said to be much higher than being hurt in a railroad wreck in- those paid by express companies, and creased over 100 per cent, between 1897 this higher rate ought to purchase a and 1904. Inasmuch, therefore, as the higher class of service. But the rule increase in persons killed and maimed that when Uncle Sam goes into the by the railroads does not apply exclu- market he gets less for his money than sively to postal clerks, but applies to any competitor finds a striking illus- passengers as well, it is evident that the tration in the service rendered the Post- railroads have increased their killing office Department by the railroads. capacity in a general way and that they The serious question is, what has are not directing their attention spe- caused this increase in percentage of cially to the extermination of postal casualties among postal clerks; also clerks. cannot something be done for the men With railroad consolidation, con- who handle the mails? The postal tinuous lines and fast schedules have clerk is one of the most important of come an appalling increase in the killed Government employees. The army and wounded of every class of persons might disband, the soldiers might quit who have anything to do with railroad fighting "booze" and go into the more trains. Whatever advantage may have profitable business of raising cotton come to mankind by the elimination of and corn, and the country wouldn't time and space has been paid for in know it. In case of war a voluntary blood. The railroads have been success- army would come out of the fields and ful in making fast time, likewise have shops to fight the nation's battles. they been successful in increasing the But the postal clerk, the brave postal number of widows and orphans. clerk who rides the fast-flying mail But returning to the postal clerk; trains, who faces the storms of winter, when the ability necessary to do the the landslides of spring and the heat of work of a postal clerk, the class of the summer, who in devotion to duty does service and the dangers that are inci- not find an equal in one soldier out of dent to it are taken into consideration, every ten, without him business would there is probably no class of men on THE RAILWAY MAIL SERVICE 579 earth as poorly paid as are the men who support, then it is "over the hills to the work on the railway mail trains. Cer- poorhouse." tainly there are no other Government The law also provides now that in employees so poorly paid. In other case of death from injuries received branches of the Government service while on duty the clerk's legal repre- there are men drawing salaries equiva- sentative shall be paid $1,000. That lent to $1,500 a year who couldn't is a step, but a very short one, in the hold the job of an $800 substitute three right direction. A human life at days. $1,000 per is pretty cheap. The legal The average letter-carrier, who representatives of the twelve postal often hasn't an earning capacity in the clerks who were killed last year re- business world of $50 a month, receives ceived $ 1 2,000; they ought to have a salary that amounts to as much as had $60,000. that received by the man who does But the point will probably be made the health-destroying, nerve-racking that the clerk or his legal representative work on the trains. has a cause of action against the rail- The pay of the postal clerk ranges road company which injured or killed from $900 to $1,500 a year, the average him. Of course, if he can prove being about $1,150 a year. After he negligence on the part of the railroad's has deducted from this the expense employees. If what the laws call an incident to travel, has paid for poor act of God, or some agency independ- accommodations at cheap hotels, there ent of the railroad, is responsible for is left for his wife and children a scant the wreck, the railroad company pays living. Laying by anything for old nothing. As the privilege of killing age, when the Government is through people is one of the few things that with him and has turned him adrift on railroads are willing to leave to the the world, is out of the question. Each Almighty, or someone else, when a year the cost of living, like the danger few dollars are involved, they never incident to the work is increasing. fail to let the responsibility be placed Everything but the postal clerk's pay where the "evidence" may show it is going up, up, up. He receives the belongs. same pay now that he did twenty years A statement of the cost of operating ago, when a dollar bought more food, the Railway Mail Service will contain more clothing, more of all the neces- some interesting figures. Last fiscal saries of life by 25 per cent, year the cost was as follows: than it does today, when trust prices Steamboat service $685,591.25 prevail. Electric and cable car serv- ice Until a few years ago the law made 521,825.79 Mail messenger service 1,221,903.25 no provision for a postal clerk who was Special facilities on trunk disabled or killed while on duty. The lines 134,693.87 moment that his car took a plunge Railway Mail Service 13,285,242.94 Railway car and transpor- from a bridge to the bottom of some tation service 44,893,960.82 river, his pay stopped, provided he was killed. The Government did not even Total.... $60,743,217.92 go to the expense of raising his muti- This was a little less than one-third lated body, but left it where it went of the cost of maintaining the Post- down for the fish to fight over. Now office Department. The cost of the a different rule prevails. If a postal city free delivery, rural free delivery, clerk is injured while on duty he is star routes, carrying foreign mails, allowed his salary for a year. If, at wagon service in cities, mail equip- the end of that time he is still disabled ments and pneumatic tube service to such an extent that he cannot aggregated $53,500,000. return to work, he is dropped from the The $13,285,242.94 cost of the Rail- rolls, and if the unfortunate clerk has way Mail Service includes the salaries no one upon whom he can rely for of a general superintendent and his 580 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

assistants, of eleven division superin- is a wreck his chances of escape are tendents and the assistants, clerks, etc., the least of anyone on the train ? Isn't necessary to do the clerical work in the the life of the faithful and courageous offices of eleven division superinten- man who serves the public so well as dents and of 1 2, no postal clerks who dear as that of the passenger in the ride the mail trains and handle the Pullman palace car? If Uncle Sam mails. pays for the highest class of service, The offices of the division super- why not make the railroads give in intendents are located in Boston, New return what it pays for? York, Washington, Atlanta, Cincinnati, A great many people become hys- Chicago, St. Louis, San Francisco, terical when the pensioning of em- Cleveland, St. Paul and Fort Worth. ployees in the civil service is mentioned. The 12,1 10 postal clerks work under Little complaint is heard to the pay- the immediate direction of these divi- ment by the Government of $145,000,- sion superintendents. The Fifth, the 000 a year to ex-soldiers and their Cincinnati Division, has supervision widows; the ex-soldiers are many, of the largest number of clerks— 2,000. their name is legion and their votes Frequent efforts have been made count, hence the dollars are voted the past few years to prevail upon Con- to the'm in cartloads, but a howl fol- gress to pass legislation for the relief lows any mention of pensioning em- of postal clerks. It would seem that ployees in the civil service. Indis- any fair-minded man, after due con- criminate pensioning of persons who sideration, would agree: have been in the civil service would First, that postal clerks are not paid unquestionably be wrong, and in fact, sufficient salaries. Second, that the for the sake of argument, it might be railroads do not furnish such accom- admitted that, with the exception of modations as the Government pays postal clerks, no class of civil servants for; and third, that some permanent is entitled to pensions. But that the provision should be made for old and Government ought to provide for men disabled postal clerks and for the who have been disabled or who have families of those who are killed in the grown old in an extra-hazardous service. service—a service which of itself has a Certainly, when the importance and tendency to destroy the health of the character of the service performed are man who performs it—needs no argu- taken into consideration, the pay of ment. A man who has gone forth year the postal clerk would seem to be in- after year, doing a dangerous duty, in adequate. The Government ought not order that the country might receive to pay for what it does not get, but it that which was almost as necessary as ought to pay for what it does get. rain and sunshine, is entitled to as It is not paying postal clerks for the much consideration as the man who service they are performing. The com- fights his country's battles. And the pensation of postal clerks can be in- family of the man who goes down to creased indirectly by providing an death at his post of duty on a mail-car allowance for expenses while on duty, is entitled to as much from his Gov- or directly by adding to the salaries ernment as the family of the man who now paid. is killed on the firing line. There may It is said that the Government pays not be as much romantic glory in the a higher much rate for car and trans- one as there is in the other, but there portation service than that paid by is as much real service to the coun- the express companies. If that is try. true, why not compel the railroad com- The railroads are being paid $45,- panies to give what the Government 000,000 annually for furnishing cars pays^ for? Why should the postal and for transporting the mails. It is clerk's car be given the most dangerous estimated that a good part of this is position in the train, so that if there loot. The lootage is placed by some THE RAILWAY MAIL SERVICE 581 at $10,000,000; by others it is put excessive refrigerating charges. For down as high as $30,000,000. What- the use of each of the 3,838 cars and ever it is, it represents the excess of apartments carrying the mails the what the service is really worth. The Government paid $1,435, an(i each railroads do not earn it,, but they need car and apartment earned an average it to pay the interest on watered bonds of over $10,000. By building and or dividends on watered stock, hence owning its own cars the Government they go after it and they get it. could save a considerable part of the One item of the forty-five million five and a half millions paid for use dollars is the charge for the use of the of the railroad companies' cars. By cars and apartments that hauled the reducing the transportation charges to mails. Last year this item was $5,509,- what they are actually worth millions 044.65. During the same period the of dollars more could be saved. railroads paid the Armours over $3,000 ,- One-fourth of the lowest amount 000 mileage on refrigerator cars used estimated as going to the railroads in in handling perishable freight, and over-pay would be sufficient to pro- permitted them to rob the people vide ample salaries and pensions for ruthlessly of many millions more in the men who handle the mails.

In After Years

BY G. E. W.

after years we learn to know IN How futile were our hopes and fears, How trivial. And God doth show In after years How empty now and fraught with tears The gifts we prayed Him to bestow.

Our lives speed on ; when darkness nears We hear His voice call soft and low, A voice that sounds to him who hears Like some great river's ceaseless flow, In after years. John D.—" We should all know each other better. The Public—" I'd like to but I can't afford it." Still Standing Pat On The Old Spot Bart, in Minneapolis Journal. Warren, in Boston Herald.

\ JSjELtfRQPfAN WAR i^f^^

I'm due for another outbreak." Russia-" 'Sense me, I just called to find out when Donahey, in Cleveland Plain Dealer.

582 Alexander Hamilton Stephens

BY ZENO I. FITZPATRICK, A.B., A.M.

ALEXANDER HAMILTON STE- father; but then he was a mere lad. PHENS was born Feb. n, After his father's death the youth was 1812, in what was then Wilkes, in the habit of attending Sunday-school but now Taliaferro County, Georgia, regularly and promptly. His cheerful near the town of Crawfordsville. It is a disposition, his bright mind, his con- remarkable coincidence that he and his stant politeness to all and his frail and most intimate friend, the illustrious sickly body attracted everyone to Robert Toombs, should have been born him. These were the things that in the same county. Mr. Stephens was caused his father's friends to place him born of . poor, but honest and highly in Professor Hamilton's school. Later respectable parents. He sprang from the same traits prompted some ladies, Irish stock and was fond of boasting members of the Presbyterian Church of the fact. His parents named him at Augusta, to propose to give him a " simply Alexander." He was prepared collegiate education at Franklin Col- for college by an excellent teacher and lege, Athens, Ga., with the under- worthy man by the name of Hamilton, standing that he should, upon gradua- and in appreciation of the interest taken tion, become a Presbyterian minister. in him by this preceptor he added In college Mr. Stephens was a con- Hamilton as his middle name. He was sistent member of the Presbyterian not named for Alexander Hamilton, Church, as indeed he was all through the noted New York statesman and life. After he had completed his financier, who was killed in a duel with sophomore year he decided that he could Aaron Burr, as many people imagine. not become a minister of the gospel. Our subject belonged to a different He made up his mind at that early school of politics from the distinguished date to become a lawyer. Immediate- New Yorker. ly after this well-considered determina- Mr. Stephens's father was a poor man tion he promptly notified the chari- as to this world's goods. He was a table and kind-hearted ladies who had humble but efficient teacher and owned furnished the money to defray his a small farm, which upon his death expenses that he conscientiously felt was sold and invested as a patrimony he was not called to preach, and for his children. Mr. Stephens often requested them to release him from told his friends that his share in his his promise to do so, stating that he father's estate was four hundred dollars. had used four hundred dollars of their Years after his father's death Mr. money and declaring that he was ready Stephens bought the old homestead to repay them, but frankly avowed and was the proud possessor of it until that it would take every cent of his his death. Mr. Stephens was always meagre patrimony to reimburse them. extremely proud of the rugged honesty He informed them that he would be and good standing of his family, and under many obligations to them if they was ever sympathetic and affectionate would wait on him until he should to the humblest member, however complete his collegiate course, for the distantly related to him. money. To this request they cheer- Mr. Stephens's first instructor was his fully yielded. Mr. Stephens then se- 583 584 WATSON'S MAGAZINE cured the four hundred dollars, all his himself, and a large planter and owner father left him, and by a most rigid of many slaves in Liberty County. economy and self-denial went on Here, with congenial spirits and more through the junior and senior classes and favorable environment, Mr. Stephens was graduated in the summer of 1832, was happy. Here, too, he did splendid sharing the first honor with William work in preparing the young sons of Mr. H. Crawford, Jr., son of Georgia's dis- Leconte for college. One of these was tinguished lawyer and statesman, who the justly celebrated Joseph H. Le- was at one time candidate for the conte, the eminent college professor exalted office of President of the United and the author of a well-known and States, and would have been elected, much used work on geology. Mr. in the opinion of many, but for the Stephens was ever proud of the unfortunate malady that seized him splendid achievements in the world of in the midst of a most active and letters of his former pupil. The writer, heated campaign. while traveling in California in 1899, Young Stephens was full of pride. met this lovable and gentle scholar at After having been graduated and the University of California at Berke- chosen valedictorian of his class, ley, not far out from San Francisco. he was fearful that he could not He informed the writer that he had appear on the rostrum to deliver always been as proud of his famous his speech at Commencement, because preceptor as the latter could possibly he had exhausted his supply of funds have been of him. He spoke in the and was unable to bedeck himself highest terms of praise of Mr. Ste- in the regulation broadcloth coat. phens's character and great intellect But a well-disposed friend generously and ability, and declared very em- advanced the necessary cash, the phatically that he had always regarded proper garment was purchased and Mr. Stephens as one of America's he spoke and won applause and fame greatest and safest statesmen, and as a youthful orator. sagely remarked that the South had Then the question uppermost in greatly erred in not following his ad- his thoughts was how speedily to gain vice concerning Secession and the Civil money enough to cancel his debts to War. his benefactresses. He obtained the We next find young Stephens a position of assistant teacher in an ex- law student. He borrowed books from cellent male school in the then small Mr. Quinea O'Neal, at that time or- town of Madison, the capital of Morgan dinary of the new County of Taliaferro, County, noted for its famous red hills, and without the aid of any instructor beautiful women and wealthy planters. studied the dusty legal volumes and Here we find the young pedagogue in the almost incredible space of six earnestly laboring to "teach the young weeks was ready to be admitted to the idea how to shoot." While he gave bar after having passed a fine ex- entire satisfaction as an instructor and amination in open court with .that was received in the best Middle Georgia mighty Georgia jurist, Joseph H. families and well treated by all, the Lumpkin, as a member of the Com- drudgery and close confinement of the mittee on Examination. Judge Lump- schoolroom was galling to him in the kin congratulated him most heartily extreme, and all the rest of his life he and predicted for him success in his confessed to his friends that existence chosen profession. Mr. Stephens was in those dreary days was a burden and ever grateful to his noble friend, Mr. that he was very unhappy. O'Neal, for the use of the county's law After joyfully leaving Madison, books, and afterward received him in young Stephens, through the inter- old age and hoary locks and tottering vention of his classmates, the young steps as an honored permanent guest in Lecontes, obtained a situation in the his home at Liberty Hall, always family of their father, a ripe scholar reverently addressing him as " Par- ALEXANDER HAMILTON STEPHENS 585 son.'' He treated him as a father, and that he had simply alighted from furnishing him a comfortable room the onrushing fury at the first and and board at his table, as well as most convenient station. He had suitable clothing and even tobacco. quitted his beloved Whig Party, and Very soon after becoming a lawyer united with the Democratic Party, Mr. Stephens was elected to the legis- which he had so often and fiercely as- lature, having defeated in a warm sailed. When twitted about this he political contest a Mr. Janes, an in- would laughingly say that he had fluential and wealthy planter. Mr. brought the Democrats to him. While Stephens at once took a high stand as Little Aleck represented the old Eighth a legislator, and among many other District in Congress, he was greatly useful measures strenuously advocated loved by the voters, and became ab- the policy of state aid to Wesleyan solutely invincible. He was never College, the first institution for the defeated before the people for any higher education of females in the office he ever asked of them. This world. He also took a bold and ag- writer heard him say more than once gressive stand for the building by the that Ben Hill and other great orators state of that magnificent property still and debaters would meet him on the owned by Georgia, the Western & stump for the avowed purpose of de- Atlantic Railroad, from Atlanta to feating him and choosing another in Chattanooga, Tenn. his place, and he always was returned Stephens grew rapidly in reputation to Congress by increased majorities. as an able lawyer, wise politician and For the purpose of showing how great safe man generally. He soon became a lawyer he was, we will tell how Mr. the idol of the people of the old Eighth Stephens managed two noted cases in Congressional District, and in 1842 he court, the one on the criminal side, and was elected as a Whig to Congress. the other on the civil. At once he took an active part in the The first was the much talked of case proceedings of the House and was of the State versus Willet, and was recognized as an admirable debater tried in Greene Superior Court in the and eloquent orator, and became a early fifties. Judge Thomas G. Law- leader upon the floor. He was con- son, of Eatonton, himself a wonder- tinuously a member of the House of fully strong lawyer, described this Representatives until the year 1859, celebrated case in detail to the writer. when he voluntarily retired to private Lawson was then at Mercer University life at Liberty Hall, his home, so well in Penfield, Greene County. So were named and known, where he was young Willet, a brother of one of the wont to dispense open-handed hos- teachers of that excellent institution of pitality. His home at Crawfordsville, learning, Professor Joseph E. Willet, in a large grove of grand oaks, was for and a young man named Janes. Wil- many, many years the Mecca toward let was poor and possessed no worldly which all, the rich and poor, the high goods, while Janes was a member of and low, bent their steps; some to that well-known and very wealthy learn wisdom at his feet, and others to family whose various members re- get needed rest and food. He always sided in their ante-bellum palaces kept a tramp's room. So here could amid their broad acres and countless often be seen at his hospitable board slaves. Willet and Janes were class- the proud, aristocratic, imperial mates and bosom friends. They were Toombs, and the poor, despised wan- as Damon and Pythias, boon compan- derer, both, in far different ways, en- ions. They had an engagement to call joying their sojourn at "Little Aleck's." to see two young ladies together. When Mr. Stephens left Congress Late in the afternoon before the time in the fifties, he told his friends that for this visit they had a game of he had heard the rumblings of the com- marbles, and for some reason had a ing storm, that he saw the wreck ahead, boyish quarrel and then a fight. —

586 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

Young Willet drew a penknife and argument into shreds. When he con- stabbed Janes, killing him instantly. cluded his mighty effort Lawson said The Janeses, elder brothers, father and things looked dark and foreboding for uncles of the dead boy, had Willet put the boy prisoner at the bar. Then in jail and vowed that they would have spoke Howell Cobb, and he made a him convicted and executed, if money masterly and terribly strong speech, could do it. They employed, my recol- and all imagined they could see the lection is, R. Toombs, F. H. Cone and fatal rope around the poor boy's neck. Howell Cobb, and earnestly endeavored Then the fiery and thundering Toombs to get into this splendid array of legal took his stand before the jury and paint- talent Mr. Stephens, but he had made ed in words that burned the base in- a resolution not to appear against any gratitude of poor Willet, who had wil- man on trial for life. The defense had fully murdered his friend and daily com- next to no money and had got only panion, who had lavished his money one lawyer, then a youthful limb of the freely upon him, and had times in- law, Augustus Reese, of Madison. numerable lent him his fine horse and Friends visited Willet in jail and urged buggy to take young ladies to ride, and him to employ other and more eminent had shown him many similar favors. counsel. His invariable reply was that When the powerful orator and mar- he had no money. His brother, Pro- velous lawyer concluded everyone fessor Willet, finally decided to see Mr. saw poor Willet 's body dangling in Stephens. He told him of his young the air between heaven and earth. brother's unfortunate predicament, Toombs finished about three o'clock on and telling him they had but little Thursday. Mr. Stephens arose and, money, begged him to assist Reese. telling the presiding judge that he was Stephens cared nothing for money, but physically tired, requested him to ad- in reality he was anxious to appear in journ for the day. This was done. defense of that poor boy and to That afternoon and night the case was measure strength with his brother the sole theme of conversation. The giants engaged for the prosecution. general opinion was that Little Aleck, Judge Lawson said the whole county with all his eloquence and power with was wild over the cese. The college a jury, would be unable to stem the faculty brought the entire student tide seemingly about to overwhelm his body into the chapel and said that unfortunate client. For the entire week they positively forbade any of the the court had been meeting at an unus- students attending the trial except the ually early hour. The following day witnesses who had to go. But the Stephens concluded for the defense. boys were on fire to be present at the The matchless orator and advocate trial of their friend and fellow -student. soon had the judge, jury and immense They were threatened with expulsion throng completely under the spell of his from college if they should go. They resistless eloquence. He showed how had an independent meeting of their the boys had been friends and loved own and resolved solemnly to go in a each other—that Willet could not pos- solid body, knowing that the authorities sibly have had malice; that he had in could not afford to expel the whole a sudden fit of passion struck his be- school. So they all to a man went day loved associate with a small knife, not after day for the solid week which the intending to do him bodily hurt, but trial occupied. Judge Lawson said that had most unfortunately slain him. He this was the grandest legal battle that he pictured the prisoner as penniless ever saw or ever expected to see. In without influential friends. He vivid- some way, it is needless to say how, Mr. ly portrayed the wealth and great Stephens got the conclusion. Reese power and influence of the large Janes spoke first for the defense and made a family; he complimented the dis- good speech. Then came the erudite tinguished lawyers on the other side for and brainy Cone, who tore Reese's their able speeches, but said that all ;

ALEXANDER HAMILTON STEPHENS 587 were hounding the poor boy to death. had not seen the others sign. This Then Mr. Stephens described graphic- apparently trivial matter was the ally how prisoners in olden times were issue in this will case involving three accustomed to flee for their lives to the hundred thousand dollars. The case cities, once within whose protecting had been tried two or three times in walls they were safe from all harm. the Superior and Supreme Courts, The sympathetic man and con- when Judge Linton Stephens died. vincing lawyer concluded with words At that time Alexander H. Stephens like these: "Gentlemen of the Jury, was dreadfully afflicted with rheu- here comes the boy running for his very matism and had to go around on life, hotly pursued by a horde of angry crutches. He was not engaged in bloodthirsty and wealthy relatives the practice of law at all, but Judge of the lamented dead youth, and by Stephens's widow, after frequent appeals an array of lawyers unsurpassed m the to him, prevailed upon him to take country for eloquence and power. the place of her deceased husband in This fleeing prisoner, gentlemen, is the case. Thus it came about that rushing with headlong speed for the Little Aleck, as the people of Geor- City of Refuge, and I need not tell you gia affectionately called him, after that you twelve constitute that blessed many years' absence from the court- asylum of safety." house, was again pressed into service The jury, after receiving the charge as a lawyer to represent the interests of his Honor, retired and in a few of his beloved brother's widow and minutes returned the verdict: "We, orphan children. It must have been a the Jury, find the prisoner not guilty." sight to the good people of Lexington The other case, a civil one, was the and Oglethorpe County generally to important will case of DuPre,of Ogle- behold their favorite orator, lawyer thorpe County. This will was contested and statesman, slowly and painfully on the ground that it did not comply hobbling up the court-house steps on with the requirements of the law. It those crutches to win a fee for his was conceded by all that the testator loved ones! We can see them now, had the will drawn up as he wished it wild with delight over his reappearance that he himself signed it and the three among them after so prolonged an necessary witnesses signed. But it absence. But the old "warhorse," was said by some that, before DuPre once again in the arena of his former signed, one of the witnesses went into triumphs, was eager for his last legal an adjoining room just for a moment battle with Toombs and Hill, foes to get a drink of water. When he worthy of any man's steel. The case returned DuPre remarked to him that was gone over again and all three of he had signed, and the witness replied the great lawyers, of course, made able that he knew his handwriting, and arguments and eloquent appeals. But he himself then signed. The will was we are concerned more particularly admitted to be regular and drawn up with Mr. Stephens's management of according to law with but one impedi- the case. We have been reliably ment, the testator and all the witnesses informed that he made a great speech had not signed in the presence of each and concluded by frankly admitting other. This, then, was the point in con- that the testimony of the witnesses was troversy. Gen. Robert Toombs and conflicting, then raising his shrill voice Hon. B. H. Hill were employed to to a high pitch he exclaimed: "Gen- break the will, and Judge Linton Ste- tlemen of the Jury, after mature con- phens was retained to defend it. Some sideration of this case, I give it to of the witnesses in court swore positive- you as my deliberate and honest opin- ly that all the witnesses to the will had ion, both as a lawyer and as a man signed in each other's presence, while that DuPre and all the witnesses other court witnesses swore that the signed that will in accordance with witness who left the room for water the law." 588 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

The jury brought in their verdict, the war, that able-bodied negroes be going with "Little Aleck" and sus- drafted into the army, and officered taining the will. by white men and given their freedom. This writer has traveled all over He said the North would use them thus the United States, from Boston to if the South did not. This was done San Francisco, and wherever he has by the North. The position taken been, men, upon learning that he was by Stephens just prior to the great from Georgia, would say that his Civil War made him very popular at state had produced many great states- the North, which regarded him as the men, but they considered Mr. Stephens South's ablest statesman. But later, the state's wisest and safest leader. when he had followed his state, after They would usually remark in effect it had disregarded his advice, and had that Stephens's speech against Seces- become second officer in the newly sion was almost like prophecy. It established Government, the North may be said now that everybody sees thought he had repudiated his own the wisdom of Stephens's position position and thus showed weakness. when he declared that the South had Gen. R. E. Lee acted exactly like the right to secede, but it was inex- Stephens. All their lives these dis- pedient. He contended that the tinguished men had been taught, and North would overpower the South wisely taught, to give their allegiance because it had more men, more money, to their states. Mr. Stephens, during a better navy, and, above all, the the war, became unpopular in the South had the whole world against her South. Many thought he had antag- on account of slavery. Again Stephens onized the Government at Richmond, showed his statesmanship when he and, consequently, was not a loyal so zealously urged his people to remain man and true patriot. He was sharply in the Union which they had helped censured for quitting the capital and to form, and fight, if fight they must, repairing to his home at Crawford s- under the old flag. All can readily ville. He said many times to the see now that if this course had been writer that the Richmond authorities adopted, many friends of the South would pay no attention to any sugges- in the North, and especially in the tion from him, and as he was not West, would not have fought against chosen chief, his self-respect prevented her. The North had been taught him from remaining among those who by Webster and others to believe in would not listen to him, and so he went the Union, just as the South had been home to Georgia and let the adminis- prepared by Calhoun and his allies tration have its own way, unmolested to believe in State Rights. by him. Another suggestion by Stephens Much has been said about the cele- was the very essence of wisdom and fore- brated Hampton Roads conference the South should between President Lincoln et al., and sight , and that was that call upon her patriotic sons, the wealthy Vice-President Stephens et al. Just planters, to turn over their cotton to what was said and done will be a sub- the Confederate Government and take ject of controversy for many years. its obligation to pay them in the future. This writer, honestly endeavoring to Then England, which was clamoring give a fair, unbiased and truthful for cotton, was to be informed that it sketch of his old teacher, warm personal was owned by the Government and friend and favorite statesman, delib- she could get it by coming after it. erately makes the following statement England would have sent her ships concerning this question, and he bases accompanied by gunboats for this it absolutely and entirely upon various cotton. Stephens's plan was to sell talks with Mr. Stephens at Liberty the cotton, put the proceeds in the Hall. Mr. Stephens and his fellow- Bank of England, and buy a navy. commissioners had no authority He also advised, in the beginning of from the Richmond Government to ALEXANDER HAMILTON STEPHENS 589

act for the Confederacy. President in fact, all he knew about Charles the Jefferson Davis wished them to confer First was that he had been informed with Mr. Lincoln and Mr. Seward and that Charles lost his head. In passing, ascertain what might be done. Mr. it may be told that Stephens had a Stephens repeated to me many times high admiration and personal esteem that Mr. Lincoln, who had served in for Mr. Lincoln. He often told us Congress many years with him, and who that Lincoln was a kindly disposed was his friend, asked him at the very man, a loyal friend, a great statesman beginning: "What authority from and a true patriot from his view point. Jefferson Davis have you to do some- One of the finest traits in the thing at this meeting?" Mr. Stephens character of Aleck Stephens was his said that he had to tell him he had no great love and devotion to his half- authority at all. Then Lincoln politely brother, Linton Stephens. The older told him that his mission amounted brother was eleven years the senior of to nothing, and that he had as well the younger. Aleck had become quite stayed at home. The impression made prominent and was making money upon the writer during a stay of eight when Linton became large enough to months as a boarder at Mr. Stephens's attend school. He took great pains home, famous Liberty Hall, was that in having Linton properly prepared President Davis, while himself a great for college. While Linton was at statesman, was somewhat jealous of Franklin College it was Aleck's custom Stephens, and that was the true reason to write to him almost daily for the why Mr. Davis would never take any purpose of encouraging him in the kind of advice from him, although pursuit of knowledge and in aiding the people had made him second in him in his more difficult studies. After office, and, furthermore, Davis was Linton was graduated at Athens Mr. unwilling for Stephens in that confer- Stephens secured the services of the ence to make any reputation as the celebrated jurist and scholar, Judge man to bring about a cessation of war. Storey, as Linton's instructor in law. This is a mere fraction of what the He later was graduated in law at the writer could say of what Stephens University of Virginia. Linton was told. Mr. Stephens said that old then taken into partnership with his Abe Lincoln, here as elsewhere, had brother and soon became an able to get off his jokes. It was very cold lawyer. At a comparatively early age when Mr. Stephens and his party he was appointed Associate Justice of boarded Lincoln's boat. Mr. Stephens the Supreme Court of the State by had on two overcoats. Mr. Lincoln's Governor J. E. Brown, and made an warm, comfortable room soon caused enviable reputation on the bench. Stephens to take off his greatcoat, Mr. Stephens, having educated Judge whereupon Lincoln smiled and winked Stephens, looked upon him as much at Seward. By and bye Stephens took a son as brother, and was ever very off the second coat, and Lincoln could proud of him. The two Stephenses and restrain himself no longer, but laugh- Gen. Robert Toombs were as close ingly said that Stephens was the and intimate as friends could be. The smallest nubbin for so many shucks general was ever ready to do anything that he ever saw. At another time in his power for either. The two Stephens said that he, in arguing some brothers loved the great and fiery old point, referred to an old English author- statesman with a devotion rarely ity in the time of King Charles the seen. First. Lincoln, interrupting him, told They were loyal to him upon all occa- him if he wished to discuss English sions. Woe be unto that person who history he must address his words to said aught against Toombs to either William L. Seward, that he himself of the brothers! Such a one would knew next to nothing about it, and have a fight upon his hands. To be Concluded. Viroqua, Wis. or anyone else to tell the difference between Watson's Magazine, New York. the Populist Party and the Democratic I see it is one of the talks of the country and in Party if I knew for certain what the Demo- your Magazine to amend the Constitution of the cratic Party is. The People's Party United States so as to elect senators by ballot of was the people. It appears to be considered that the organized in 1891 and it has stood for the United States Senate is in the way—that a two- same purpose ever since. Before it had been thirds majority of that body is needed and cannot organized an educational movement had be had. This may be true, but I notice the present preceded it. The Farmers' Alliance had " Constitution provides that the Congress, two- conducted this educational movement among thirds both Houses, may propose amendments." of the country people, the Knights of Labor Now why does not this mean two-thirds of both had conducted it among the city people. Houses on joint ballot? In that case the people can elect representatives enough to overpower the In the country, the Farmers' Alliance move- Senate vote if it is combined against the amend- ment was almost entirely composed of those ment. The Constitution does not say two-thirds engaged in agricultural pursuits. In the of each House. I think two-thirds of both Houses cities, the Knights of Labor movement was means two-thirds of the Congress without regard conducted almost exclusively by the wage- to the majority of either House. I not correct ? Am earners, employed in all of the various de- partments of mechanical industry. After I am a farmer and may not have correct ideas of law or logic. years and years of educational work, the ANSWER leaders of the Farmers' Alliance and of the The suggestion which you make as to the Knights of Labor came together and agreed meaning of the Constitution when it says upon a joint movement against special "two-thirds of both Houses of Congress" is privileges as represented by modern capital- very interesting. The construction hereto- ism. Thus, the People's Party had its fore placed upon that language has been that origin in an educational movement, which, the beginning, relied its it meant both Houses acting in their separate from upon appeal capacities as two different legislative Houses. to the intelligence of the voter. Every of the Farmers' Alliance My own opinion is that this construction is in member movement accordance with the intention of the framers knew what he wanted, and why he wanted it. of the Constitution, for the reason that The creed of the Farmers' Alliance was the everywhere. In like amendments to the Constitution are in the same manner, the Knights of Labor had its invariable plea, nature of legislation, and all legislation was every member of the of intended by the framers of the Constitution and army wage- earners who joined the Knights of to be passed by the two Houses in their sepa- Labor intelligent purpose in rate capacities. had an doing so. The purpose of the Knight of Labor in The truth is that our forefathers distrusted the South was the same as that which the people, and they tried in every way, con- actuated his comrade in the North, East sistent with the concealment of their pur- and West. Consequently the Populist pose, to make their distrust of the people grew out of the uniformity effective. movement in creed and uniformity of purpose among all of Americus, Ga its members. The Republican Party, in its Hon. Thomas E. Watson, Thomson, Ga. origin, was practically as coherent as the My DearSir. Will you please inform me, through People's Party. A great educational reform the columns of your Magazine, the difference in movement preceded the political organization belief between the Democratic and the Populist and when a citizen announced himself a parties? Republican everybody knew what he stood I have had your Magazine for some time, and for. Even now, when a citizen announces have learned that it is the best one I have ever read. himself as a Republican, it can be safely The good you are doing through the medium of assumed, in most instances, that he stands your Magazine cannot be estimated. for the tariff, for national banks of issue, for the gold standard, for a large navy and ANSWER standing army, for a liberal expenditure of The question propounded in the above public money for Internal Improvements, letter puts me where Waller is supposed to for Imperialism —that is to say, for the hold- have had the hen. It would be easy for me ing by the United States of a colonial empire 590 EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT 591 wherein the people are allowed no voice in congressman, Mr. Macon, is advocating an ap- their own government. propriation by the Government to drain this land Now, when we get to the Democrats, we for a few who own it. No one but just a few would be benefited by the appropriation, for just are at sea. There is no coherence of creed a few own the majority of the land in the Levee or purpose. There is nobody who has district, and they are men who are considered authority to say what is orthodox. On rich, but not as rich as John D. the tariff, the members of the Democratic Now would it be right to take the people's Party range all the way from approval of money and use it to benefit three or four men the McKinley and Dingley schedules down just because they want the land drained? This to absolute free trade. is what I want you to answer. What if I bought, say, a lake in the woods and wanted to build a On the question of finance, there is the concrete pier in it large enough for a brick dwelling- same difference among Democrats. On the house ? Just because I owned it would it be question of the navy and the army, the right for the Government to appropriate to me colonial possessions, the national banking four or five hundred thousand dollars to satisfy system and Internal Improvements there my wants? Of course they pay taxes, but I do, is the same variation in creed and pur- too, and just because they are rich is no reason why they should be honored any more than I pose. An Eastern Democrat is, in all was or would be. Is it right? essential respects, a Republican. The late Yet I have sense enough to know a man who Judge Parker was never able to tell anybody has the coin in the bank has more free rights than wherein he differed from Mr. Roosevelt on one that hasn't a one-cent piece. 1 am under the any question of governmental policy. If impression Mr. Macon will lose a good many Mr. Parker and Mr. Cleveland represent friends and votes on that drainage question. orthodox Democracy, I would say that there Now if the land was in blocks of 40s or 50s, are no differences between the Democratic owned by the majority of the population of the county and state, it would be different. Party and the Republican Party that are worth a contest. We do not need two ANSWER parties who hold the same purposes and the It may be that Mr. Macon will secure an same policies. Therefore, if Democracy is appropriation which, in its effect, will drain properly expounded by such men as Parker, the land of private landowners, but if he Ryan, Cleveland, we had just as well dis- does, he will have to cover up his design in pense with the cost and trouble of a Presi- such a way as to disguise it. Congress does dential campaign. the other hand, if On not appropriate money for the improvement the Democratic Party is represented by of private property. Necessarily, however, W. Bryan, and Mr. Bryan should succeed J. private property is frequently benefited by in getting his ideas adopted by the Demo- public improvements which the Government cratic convention in 1908, then it might be makes for its purposes. This is unavoidable. that there would be no very great difference Where the appropriation is made with an of purpose between the Democratic Party eye single to public benefits, no one can and the People's Party. Mr. Bryan has justly complain if incidental benefits are declared that he is more radical now than he derived from this public improvement by was in 1896. He has not yet specified, so that private landowners. It is only upon the we may know what he means by radicalism. theory that the entire Republic is benefited He has declared himself in favor of the gov- by the improvements made upon rivers and ernmental ownership of railroads, but the harbors, public buildings and grounds, that plan which he proposes is absolutely imprac- the Government takes the money of the ticable and perhaps destructive of the objects taxpayers and expends it upon court-houses, aimed at by those who advocate public post-office buildings, custom houses, dock- ownership of public utilities. yards, harbors, rivers, levee embankments, To say that the Federal Government shall harbor dredging, etc. own the trunk lines, while the State Govern- It very often happens, of course, that ment owns the local lines is, in my judgment, there is a private scheme within the public mere nonsense. At the present time there scheme, and that those favored individuals is no such thing as a local railroad. No- who have what is called a "pull" are able where can you disarrange local lines ithout w to influence the appropriation of public disturbing the traffic system. money in such a way as directly to improve In short, I cannot tell our correspondent private property. So far as I know, what the difference is between the Populist however, no public funds have ever been and the Democratic parties because nobody spent to drain the lands of a private cor- knows what the Democratic Party is to poration or a private individual ; and if Mr. stand for in the next election. Macon succeeds in doing this, as you appre- hend, he will hear from it at some future Madison, Ark. election, after the people of his district get on Hon. Thomas E. Watson, Thomson, Ga. to the facts. Dear Sir: Please answer this in your August or September number of Watson's Magazine. Some time past a few moneyed men of Forrest Hon. Thomas E. Watson, Thomson, Ga. City, Ark., bought from the Levee Board a I have read every number of Watson's Maga- good deal of land, in the Levee district, which, zine and am at times puzzled to know where you from what I can learn, needs draining, and our get some of the many things you publish. ;

592 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

The greatest surprise was in your August num- Ludowici, Ga. ber, on page 290, when you say in answer to Nash- Hon. Thomas E. Watson, Thomson, Ga. ville, Ark.: "The silver dollar, irrespective of the Dear Sir: You will oblige me by naming the price of crude silver, has always been worth a Governors of Georgia, since 1849 to the present dollar for the simple reason that the law makes it time, in the next issue of your Magazine. Inas- a good dollar in payment of all debts public and much as I am a subscriber to your Magazine, private. In law a silver dollar does all that a gold I take pleasure in saying it is the* grandest piece dollar will do, hence they are legal equals." of literature I have ever read. These two propositions are astonishing for the reason that they give silver more than any other man that I know claims for it. ANSWER Is it not a fact that the demonetization act of 1789, George Walton; 1790, Edward Tel- 1873 took from the gold dollar its legal tender fair; 1793, George Matthews; 1796, Jared qualities, and is it not a fact that no law enacted Irwin; 1798, James Jackson; 1801, David since by Congress has ever restored that legal ten- Emanuel; 1801, Josiah Tattnall; 1802, John der quality? Milledge; 1806, Jared Irwin; 1809, David B. The Sherman purchasing act did not do it; Mitchell; 181 3, Peter Early; 1815, David B. neither did the repeal of the Sherman purchasing Mitchell; 181 7, William Rabun; 181 9, Mat- act. I may not have all the data at hand, but I know of no other silver legislation since the act of thew Talbot; 1819, John Clark; 1823, 1873. George M. Troup; 1827, John Forsyth; 1829, Should you have any other acts of Congress on George R. Gilmer; 1831, William Lampkin the subject I would be pleased to have you pub- 1835, William Schley; 1837, George R. Gil- it with the true Sherman acts. lish together mer; 1839, Charles McDonald; 1843, Respectfully, J. George W. Crawford; 1847, George W. B. Towns; 1851, Howell Cobb; 1853, Herschel V. Johnson; Joseph E. Brown; ANSWER 1857, 1865, James Johnson; 1865, Charles J. Jenkins; The statement in the Magazine to which 1867, Gen. T. H. Ruger; 1868, Rufus B. you refer is strictly accurate. It is not a Bullock; 1872, James Milton Smith; 1877, fact that the law of 1873 or the law of any Alfred H. Colquit; 1882, Alexander H. other year took the legal tender quality Stephens; 1883, Henry B. McDaniel; 1886, away from the gold dollar. The act of 1873 John B. Gordon; 1890, William J. Northern; dropped the silver dollar from the list of 1894, William Y. Atkinson; 1898, Allen D. coins, but in a short while the trick was dis- Candler; 1902, Joseph M. Terrell. covered and the silver dollar was restored to its place in our coinage. I mean, of Welch, I. T. T course, the standard silver dollar, and not Editor Watson's Magazine, New York, A . Y. the trade dollar. The silver dollar which Dear Sir: Moved by the information in the number of your Magazine that the national is now in circulation was absolutely full June banks had received a deposit loan of $66,000,000 legal tender under the law just as gold dol- from the Secretary of the United States Treasury the number of them was lars are, and upon the security of "Chicago Sanitary Bonds," in the largely increased last year manner and said $66,000,000 does not draw any interest stated in the Magazine. The Act of Con- whatever, I wrote to the honorable Secretary gress passed during McKinley's adminis- of the Treasury to borrow $500 upon real estate tration requires the Government to maintain first mortgage on eighty acres of land located here the gold standard. Consequently, it has in Indian Territory with or without low rate of period of time not to exceed five been the practice of the Secretary and interest for a years. 1 herewith inclose his reply, dated June to exchange gold dollars for any Treasurer 1906. To which I responded and asked him pre- 30, other kind of money which might be to quote me the law authorizing him as Secretary sented for exchange or redemption. He of the Treasury to loan public funds to national even redeems silver dollars with gold dol- banks or give the name of said act and the section lars. Those that believe in the Populist number. 1906. theory of finance think all this very absurd. I received letter dated July 17, Now will you please quote Section of Revised The swapping of one dollar for another 5153 Statutes of United States in " Educational De- child's play when dollar seems to be mere partment " of your Magazine and give your opinion of various we remember that any one the on same? If you should desire my letters to the kinds of dollars would not be a dollar if it Secretary of the Treasury, I will supply copy were not for the legal tender quality con- of same, as I preserved copy at time of writing him. ferred upon them by law. The amount of I approve of your suggested platform so far plank number 2 I con- gold in the gold dollar would not be at a as I am informed. But fess I do not understand sufficiently to express valuation of 100 cents were it not for the an opinion for or against. and the legal stamp of the Government, With best wishes for success, tender law which is back of the stamp. If you want to make a test of this proposition P. S. —Of course I had not any idea I could at some time, take a $20 gold piece and melt borrow any money, but why I should not be on an question. it. Then take the gold and carry it into the equality with national banks is the market and experiment upon the difference Treasury Department, between what you can do with twenty silver Washington, June 30, 1906. dollars and the lump of gold. The experi- Dear Sir. ment will open your eyes to many things. There is no authority in the Secretary of the : ;

EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT 593

Treasury to make public loans except with the public funds in certain national banks. regular fiscal agents of the Government, to wit These deposits are, for all practical purposes, Personally, I national banks. am not able loans of public money to private corpora- to make the loan you speak of, and I do not know tions. this the of anyone engaged in the loan business in Indian In way favored national Territory. I think if you secure it at all, it will banks enjoy the perpetual use of more than needs be from some local people who may be S6o,ooo,ooo belonging to the American engaged in that business. I am sorry that I people. No interest whatever is paid for cannot accommodate you. the use of this money. For some years the Yours very truly, amount has not been less than $50,000,000. L. M. Shaw. Treasury Department, Consequently, the Government of the Office of the Secretary, United States has confiscated at least $50,- all Washington, July 17, 1906. 000,000 belonging to the people and Sir: has given it to the favored few who run In reply to your letter of the 6th inst., you the national banks which the Government are informed that the authority of law under has selected as its pets. Of course, the which the Secretary of the Treasury designates Government could withdraw the money national banks as depositaries of public moneys if it chose to do so, as the and deposits moneys therewith is contained in but inasmuch Section 5153, Revised Statutes of the United Government does not choose to do so, but States. allows that huge sum of money to remain Respectfullv, in the hands of the pet banks from year to C. H. Keep, year, the practical effect is to take away Assistant Secretary. the property of one class of citizens and ANSWER to give it to another class. Both old parties The statute to which you refer authorizes stand committed to this vicious and illegal the secretary and the treasurer to deposit practice.

The Coronation

BY EUGENE C. DOLSON

RED leaves are fluttering down the forest ways; And silence deep is brooding over all, Save when, at times, some lonely wood-bird's call Comes fraught with memories of vanished days. Along the lane the sumac torches blaze From orchard trees ripe yellow apples fall; And eastward, far away, a mountain tall Looms through the blue, its summit capped in haze. I know not why, but autumn's golden prime, When corn-lands brown are set with stacks of sheaves, And beech burrs spill their nuts upon the ground, Seems, evermore, that sweet fulfilment time When Nature's kindly hand a chaplet weaves Wherewith, at last, the waning Year is crowned.

Its Status

VXTHAT is a temperance lecture?" v "Why, it is something, my son, that is regarded as a treat in New England and an insult in Kentucky." October, 1906— 18. HOME BY Mrs. Louise H. Miller.

The Home Department welcomes contributions that will make woman's life brighter, broader and more useful. We, all of us —you as well as I —are the editors of "Home"; let us make it as good and helpful as we can. Suggest subjects for discussion. Don't worry about "not knowing how to write." We aren't trying to be authors—we're just women trying to help one another.

Address everything carefully and in full to Mrs. Louise H. Miller, Watson's Magazine, 121 West Forty-second Street, New York City.

PRIZES Every month there will be a prize of a year's free subscription to Watson's Magazine, sent to any address desired, tor the best contribution under each of the following heads: the subject for the month, "Interest of Everyday Things," "Heroism at Home," "Recipes, Old and New," "Various Hints," and one for the best general contribution outside of these. No two of the six prizes will be awarded for the same contribution, but one person may receive more than one in a single issue by sending In more than one prize-winning contribution.

November Number. —The interest and effort and by organizing? We women form value of dictionaries and encyclopedias. nearly one-half the population of this How to use them. Almanacs and other ref- country. Suppose forty millions of women erences. How to be self-reliant instead of rose up and said to the men, "Do this! " or, helpless when you want to know something. "Stop doing that!" Would it produce any December Number. —Christmas. Origin results? Of course such an uprising will and history. Customs in other lands and never take place, but the power is there! times. Our present Christmas spirit. Would one million women have no effect? Good Christmas presents and how to find Would a thousand women in one town be a them. tremendous influence ? Would one or two or January Number. —The care of our bodies. three women in every home be a powerful Exercise, breathing, ventilation and fresh influence in any question affecting city, air, bathing, massage, and so on. Food, state or nation? It depends on the women drink and clothing will be left till later. themselves. There is no possible question February Number. —Child labor. Its ex- of their power if they care to use it. tent in this country. Who is responsible I happen to know that the Georgia woman for this evil? How can it be done away who suggests this topic for our Department with? On whom can we women exert our understands the evils of the child labor sys- influence to suppress it? What methods tem better than most of the rest of us, and I can we use ? What has already been accom- will gladly turn over to her the management plished? of our February number, helping her in any way I can. I fear, however, that foi once Child Labor the plea of "busy" is fully justified, and that The topic for February was suggested by she really has almost no time even for things one of our Georgia members, and it is cer- that call forth her deepest interest and tear tainly an excellent one. Here is a crying her heart with sympathy and indignation. evil, crying with the pitiful voices of tens of But whether she can take charge of the thousands of little children whose bodies, February number or not, and collect letters, minds and souls are being crushed to death opinions and facts from other people in by the inhuman brutes that devote their charge of the field, the idea for that number lives to making money, no matter what it is hers, and everyone of the rest of us ought may cost others in blood and suffering. to help in every possible way to make it the Here is an evil that should appeal particu- very best issue we have had. She will do all larly to every woman worthy of the name. she is able to do. If the rest of us do the We can't do anything? Can't we! Merci- same, we can take pride in the results. ful powers, do you know what women have Those of you from Georgia in particular already done to crush this evil by individual should be able to furnish interesting con- 594 HOME 595 tributions, since the matter of child labor have not been used perhaps for many days, has so recently been up before the people of restore the general balance, start your lungs that state and the Georgia Legislature has to breathing deep, tend to prevent stiffness just passed some strong laws against this the next day and send your body to bed criminal evil. Other states have passed laws far more ready for thorough rest than if it against it, and those of you who live in had not been scientifically exercised. House- states that have not can furnish even more work is more likely to be mere exertion vital information and have also a splendid rather than exercise. There is a world of opportunity to organize and show woman's difference. One wears out the body; the power to better humanity and crush out one other builds it up. It is in confusing these of the worst conditions of our day and two utterly different things that most of our civilization. trouble lies. If you are just generally weak, you are 'Read to "Real likely to be surprised by the health and One of the best ways in all the world to strength you can gain from judicious exercise. rest is to read an interesting book. Sleep Most of our bodily ailments come from some rests and restores not only the body, but the neglect or violation of Nature's laws. If we nerves, the mind and the soul. In sleep we turn to her for help, Nature herself will show can forget our worries, our irritations, our us how to lessen these ailments or overcome troubles, and that is why, since the world them entirely. You can learn much by began, men and women have blessed Sleep, your own experiments, and among the nu- "the restorer," and written songs in her merous books upon this subject there are honor. many reputable and safe ones, but the ad- Now a good book will do for us much the vice of your family physician is a wise thing same thing as sleep. In some ways it will do to test by. He may be an old fogy and even more. The book must interest us, know nothing about it, but he may prevent whether history, biography, poetry, fiction your going to excess or adopting wrong or anything else, and to produce really methods. On the other hand, he may know valuable results it must not be trash. One a great deal and be a strong advocate of must use judgment in selecting a book to common sense exercise and care. If you read for rest. Avoid the tragic and the have never examined into the subject, it is harrowing, the morbid and the dull. To perhaps best to read up first and then go to rest you it must interest you, and to bring your doctor with enough information to ask best results it should amuse and cheer, not practical questions and have him show you depress. how, and to what extent, general rules apply Why does a book rest you? Because it to your particular case. takes your mind off your troubles and makes But this belongs to our October number. you live in another life for a while. Because in reading it your body is resting, and so are Here is an extremely interesting article the portions of your mind and soul that your that reached us too late for our first Civic Im- daily life wears the hardest. Because it provement Number and was inadvertently calls into play the other portions of mind and left out of our second. There is much to spirit, exercising and developing them, and be gained from reading it and thinking it she who develops all sides of herself, instead over. And, Southern women, note well the of letting some things perish from neglect, is closing paragraph. not only a broader, wiser and better woman, Mrs. Fant sent this article to us as it but a happier and more comfortable one. appeared in some other publication. Un- fortunately its name was not on the pages Ejeercise and Health forwarded, and we are therefore unable to It is a more or less unexplained fact about give more definite credit. women that they generally do not under- To Mrs. Fant goes the prize for the best stand their own physical bodies and are general contribution. ignorant of some of the simplest laws for taking care of their them and keeping up Ci-vic Improvement in South Carolina health and strength. Have you ever tried taking gymnastics for five minutes every By Mrs. Rufus Fant night and morning, or both? Don't laugh, The great tidal wave of civic betterment you who do hard physical work most of the that has been sweeping over this country of day, for it will only prove my point that ours is causing thoughtful men and women women don't understand their bodies. If to stop and study Nature. All great artists you have worked all day over a washtub or go to her to learn her secrets, knowing it is at some other muscle-tiring task, then the her hand that paints the most perfect very thing your body needs before you try to pictures. Beauty predominates in all her make it rest at night is a limbering up by works; the sun-kissed autumn leaves danc- means of a few light exercises taken without ing in the breeze, the snow-capped moun- dumbbells or apparatus of any kind. It tain peaks, the rushing waters of her mighty will untie the kinks in overworked muscles, rivers, all tell a tale of beauty. start circulation in those other muscles that The human heart, sometimes glad, some- —

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that the prize for times sad and weary with the trials and in our September number best general contribution outside the burdens of life, cries out: "Give me beau- the other prizes was awarded to Mrs. Margaret ty!" One 's surroundings are a strong factor None 11, of Georgia, for "The Hand in character building, and the lives of men Graeme Rocks the Cradle Rules the World," are influenced by the atmosphere in which That that the prize for the best story of they live. In some work it is difficult to and went to "Self-Sacrifice," reach the masses; not so with the work of "Heroism at Home" a Georgia woman. the civic associations. The masses throng also from the streets and public places, and if they OlfR FK.UIT T'REES refreshing spots of living green, tropical find We have seen how nearly all our common plazas with luxuriant foliage, beautiful fruits came, centuries and thousands of with brilliant color, it will create flowers years ago, from miserable wizened little wild within them a love for the esthetic. fruits somewhere in Asia, and that they uplifting and refining influences Through attained their present palatable and very soul will turn from the creature the human various forms through tedious cultivation to the Creator. by hundreds and hundreds of generations of the ennobling and up- Strong belief in men. Gradually they crept westward into influence of trees, plants and flowers, lifting Europe and Africa, under the care of savage desire to reach the men, women and and a and nomad, Assyrian and Israelite, Persian of our town, was the reason the children and Arab, Greek and Roman, Celt and Ger- Association of Anderson was organized, Civic man, by pagan, Christian, Mohammedan and In the beginning we de- April, 1904. Druid, until they, like men, have circled to interest ourselves in beautifying termined the globe, and today the United States sells improving our town. Realizing that and fruit to China. has much to do with the forma- environment But how do we come to have so many character, and that Nature is ever tion of hundred different varieties of a fruit—of ready to soothe and calm tired overworked the apple, for instance—if they were all we turned our eyes to see what humanity, originally one kind and a very poor kind at in the busiest portion of our we could find that? And how could such a miserable found many handsome buildings, town. We beginning result in such luscious fruits as and a large barren spot that paved streets we have nowadays? Surely not from just had been used for a street over seventy watering and pruning and common care ? at once asked the city council years. We There are three things to bear in mind to allow us to do as we pleased with that if we seek the answer. hard, barren spot. The council granted our 1. The first is that all our fruits (except in four weeks' time we had request, and those native to this country and growing and beds laid off, had set nearly our walks wild like the blackberry) are entirely hundred plants, using cannas, caladiums, one artificial. Nature didn't make them as alocasias and bananas. they are. Man did it. In every cultivated result was far beyond our most The fruit there are two great tendencies strug- expectations. The cuts will give sanguine gling against each other. One tendency a faint idea of its growth and beauty you (Nature) urges it to return to its original different periods. In September the at wild form; the other (cultivation) urges it spot," with its carpet of living "barren to progress along the paths Man has mapped green and its magnificent bananas (meas- out for it. The poor fruit is never sure which fifteen to eighteen feet high), uring from of these things to do. cannas, alocasias and caladiums with the This struggle between the two tendencies was a grand and beautiful for variety, began almost as soon as cultivation did. tropical plaza the admiration of all. We — Man began to notice it when he found that two thousand yellow crocuses have now the seeds of his cultivated fruits did not and there among the grass. nestling here produce trees and fruit like those they were will more than double Our Association taken from. Often the second generation, this year. A portion of North and its work grown from seed, followed the first tendency Main Street has a handsome Si, 800 South and "reverted " to Nature and the wild state. iron fountain erected to the memory of In other cases it tried to follow the second Robert Anderson, and Court Square Gen. tendency and grew into something that was been beautified. has like neither its parents nor the wild state. have been more than repaid for our We The cultivated seeds lost their ''fidelity to we have given joy to all. work, because sort" or kind. one of South Carolina's millionaires From But in most instances the fruits grown the bootblack on the street we have heard to from cultivated seeds were poor and useless, of praise. expressions in a few cases out of thousands there would Ours is only a small beginning, for we in the be one that, while it was different from its just awakening to the necessities South are cultivated parents, was neither wild nor and grand possibilities of our own Southern poor, but as good as any they had, or better. Exchange. land. It was a new variety, resulting merely from * * * chance and the confusing struggle in the Through a mistake it was not announced fruit between Man and Nature. HOME 597

From this rose one system of improvement come in contact with the pistil and fertilize and development. Men have learned the it. In cross-breeding man takes the pollen process of "selection." Out of several from the stamens of one variety and puts thousand trees raised from seeds one or it on the pistil of another. The resulting two turn out valuable. The seeds of seeds produce a tree or plant which, while only these few are planted for the next resembling both parents, is different from generation, since they have shown a ten- each of them—a new variety. By com- dency to improve rather than to "revert." bining cross-breeding with selection wonder- And so for each following generation, always ful results are obtained in a comparatively planting the seeds of only the best trees. short time. Thus men assist chance in creating good Thus, if one varietyof apple has a delicious new varieties. But this is very slow work. taste and another variety is noted for its 2. The second fact to note carefully is keeping qualities, the two can be cross-bred this. If the seed lost its "fidelity to sort" and the result often made to combine those how could they get any considerable number two good qualities. of trees? Suppose one seed of many did The art is even yet in its infancy, but produce a tree bearing valuable fruit, what wonders have been accomplished already, good would one tree do and how could they especially by Mr. Luther Burbank, the get any more trees of the same kind from "California Wizard." Seedless oranges, it if the seeds weren't reliable? apples, plums and other fruits; the plumcot, Well, luckily they discovered long ago made from a plum and apricot; a new fruit that if the seed lost its "fidelity to sort" made by crossing the blackberry and rasp- something else didn't—the inner bark. The berry; the Shasta daisy, a huge flower made inner bark on a twig, if given a root to keep from a Japanese, an English and an Amer- it alive, will always produce fruit exactly ican daisy, and many other marvels have like that from the tree from which it was already been obtained. While not every cut. From this discovery arose the prac- two varieties will cross successfully, in some tice of "grafting." Shoots are cut from cases even different species will do so, occa- the good tree, an apple, say, and jointed on sionally even different genera. The future to the cut-off trunk or root of apple trees holds great promises. raised from almost any kind of apple seed, By these processes, cross-breeding, selec- in such manner that the inner bark of the tion and grafting and budding, man is able shoot or "scion " fits to the inner bark of the to produce new improved varieties and seedling or "stock" and the sap flows species of fruit (each new one is copyrighted, through as if it were one piece. This makes by the way) of various flavors, keeping a tree whose trunk and branches are of the qualities, size, times of ripening, thickness desired variety, but whose roots are of "any of skin, texture of meat, color, hardiness, old kind" of variety. And the fruit is al- etc., and to produce as many specimens ways of the desired variety like the shoot of any one kind as he pleases, despite the or "scion," the root practically not affecting fact that he cannot depend on the seed. the nature of the tree and fruit for which Take a look at the fruit trees in your own it furnishes food. The sap from the root yard. If they are not too old you may be has to flow through the inner bark of the able to see, close to the ground, a ring or shoot grafted on to it and so changes its bulge showing where they were grafted nature. or budded at some nursery. If it is a pear "Budding" is another kind of grafting tree you are examining it is pretty safe to in which only a single bud of the desired, say the roots came from France and the variety is inserted into the little seedling top from New York State, possibly via stock, this bud growing into a tree on the Ohio. If an apple, the root or stock prob- seedling's roots. ably came from Kansas, the top from some That is how men solved the problem of other part of the United States. If an multiplying a single good tree into many. apricot or nectarine, the roots are the roots That is how our tree nurseries produce of a peach or plum from France or Tennes- hundreds of thousands of trees of any vari- see. Dwarf pears have quince roots. ety they choose. For one tree will cut up Quinces are an exception and, not being so into a great number of little shoots or a highly cultivated as most of the other fruits, still greater number of buds. are raised from seeds, the seeds coming from fruit-tree The old Romans understood Europe . The roots of most plu ms and cherries grafting, and Pliny records seeing a single are imported from France, and the roots of tree bearing several kinds of fruit. peach trees generally come from seeds 3. A third point. About three hundred brought from the mountains of Tennessee years ago "cross-breeding" was discovered. to the various nurseries in New York, Ohio, The old way of making new varieties by Kansas, Nebraska and elsewhere. "selection" was both slow and limited. All this is only an outline of this inter- "Cross-breeding" is more rapid and seems esting subject. The fruit trees you see to have nearly limitless possibilities. every day have a wonderful history. Isn't On page 590 of our June number the parts it striking that half of one of them may of a flower are explained. To produce seeds have been born in France, the other half in the yellow pollen from the stamens must some part of our own country and the two 598 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

is such an easy way of winning a year's halves joined together in another part of It subscription, especially the former. And the United States? Trees are made the way what it won't be long before we are wondering a carpenter builds a house ! And think what to get our friends for Christmas— their history has been! * * * indeed, if you would like a subscription to purpose it is high How about the special prizes for contri- the Magazine for that send in your recipe or hint. butions to "Recipes" and "Various Hints"? time already to

3/THE INTEREST OF EVERYMf THINGS\

origin, history and manufacture of our ordi- We want all the interesting facts we can get about the things in our nary household utensils and furniture, the various articles of food and drmk, the common the very yards and neighborhoods. The object of this branch of our Department is to make interesting monotony of mere implements of our daily toil, and to teach the mind to free itself from the deadening routine and to learn to gather wholesome, enlivening food from the broader fields outside. or learn from inquiry by consulting encyclopedias, 1 Send in any items you may think of yourself Agriculture and dictionaries, books, magazines or the free reports of the United States Department of Labor. the United States Department of Commerce and . interesting information about any 01 2 If you find a newspaper article or paragraph which gives Department or tell us the ordinary articles or commodities of our everyday home life, send it to the you take it. Inform the De- where to find it. Always give the name of the publication from which partment, too, of any good books along this line.

^/"FECIAL fRlZ,E.

Magazine Every month there will be a special prize of one year's free subscription to Watson's " to Interest of Everyday Things sent to any address:ss desired, for the best contribution "The

Though we have received many letters for Babylonians, Assyrians, Persians, Meies, Afghans, Israelites, Egyptians, all other parts of the Department, we have Chinese, wild had only one for " The Interest of Everyday Phenicians, Greeks, Romans; all the who, centuries ago, swept Things." This is a little surprising, for it and savage peoples in great devastating hordes from Asia west is really one of the best things we have in sup- our Department. It does its good in a into Europe, conquering, destroying, to forever quiet way, but it is helpful nevertheless. planting, settling down remain You use a great many implements and or being in turn destroyed by the hordes materials in your daily routine. They have that followed them, all these had their crude long since lost all interest to you except as flour—Huns, Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Suevi. means to a necessary end. Yet every time Alans, Vandals, Tartars, Magyars and all the you handle one of these familiar things you rest; so did those of the Mohammedan faith, are handling something that has been bound called Saracens, Turks, Moors, Arabs and up with the history of the human race for many other names, who swept heathen and many years, for centuries perhaps, maybe Christian alike before them till they had for even thousands of years. During all conquered Constantinople and all South- that time this thing was being changed and eastern Europe, Asia Minor, all the north improved until it became as you see it now. of Africa, nearly all of Spain and only by one How crude it was once! Take flour, for of the greatest struggles of history were kept example. What a difference between our from overpowering all of the civilized world; flour now and that of our grandmothers all these had their coarse flour and crude or perhaps even of our mothers. How very handmills as they roamed and fought and different from that used by the Children of mixed and laid the foundations for Europe Israel in Egypt and the Holy Land in Bible and its people as they are today. As you times! What a tremendous change since look back through the centuries and picture people dressed in the skins of animals, fought to yourself all these successive peoples in among themselves like the savages they Asia, Europe, Africa and North and South were with rough weapons of wood and stone America, what a long and varied line of and ground the knotty little kernels of women, white, brown and black, stretches wheat between two rough stones until they out in all climes and under all conditions, had enough coarse, gritty meal to mix with grinding grain between two stones, tending a nothing but water, pack into a clumsy cake crude water-wheel or belaboring some pitiful and roast before the fire or bake on a hot little donkey doomed to do the actual work. stone! And people have been using some And now think of our own times, the great kind of flour for thousands of years—the wheat lands, the wonderful mills, the rail- -

HOME 599 roads and all the things concerned in getting one woman! If one woman can do a little, you this flour. Suppose it could speak- a lot of us can do a great deal. And one of what a wonderful story it could tell! If the best things our Department can do for only it could tell its you about ancestors any of us is to give us the opportunity to and family if it genealogy! Or would just work together for the good of all the women tell you where it came from itself—had who read it. Government scientists developed the seed Where to find items ? Well, you probably from which it sprung? it Where had lived know some already if you will just search and grown—in Ohio, Kansas, the South, the around in your head. And how do you Northwest, Canada ? What kind of men and suppose / find them? Goodness! You women had tended it? Did it help raise a didn't imagine I just knew all those things mortgage or was it part of a poor crop that about wheat and flour and brooms and so only tightened the shackles of debt? What on? No indeed! I had to browse around is the country like there it ? where grew up among encyclopedias and dictionaries and Where was it sent to be milled? To Minne- magazines and books as well as turn my apolis? Did the Trusts get hold of it? memory inside out. It was pleasant and Where did it travel after it was ground into interesting work, and I'll be glad to do more flour? Perhaps it has seen more of the of it, but, as I said, I'm only one woman. world than you have yourself. When did All of us together can accomplish so much the local dealer get it? How much did he more! pay for it? fixes the price of flour, What Now as to the notice at the head of "The anyway ? Interest of Everyday Things." The offer Well, the value is not so in any- much of a separate prize for items under this head thing you have learned or picture to may speaks for itself. Keep your eyes and ears yourself flour about as in the habit of mind open for items or short articles. And don't you are cultivating. You are learning to forget to send in clippings and to tell where of the make play out work without hurting to find good articles along this line. work. The more interest you have in a thing, the better you will do it. You are Carpenters' Squares broadening your life—reaching out beyond the narrow confines of your everyday routine. The large steel squares used by carpenters Your body is tied to one place in the world, are such a common tool that perhaps few but you are teaching your mind to free it- know when and where they were first made, self and fly to other climes among other and how they came to be used, or even give people. The first time you fly you may not the matter a thought. The making of them gather much of value, but you have made is a great industry now, but when the last a beginning and had some mental exercise. century came in there was not one in use. Next time you will glean a little more. Later The inventor was a poor Vermont black- you will learn to fly farther and more easily. smith, Silas Howes, who lived in South In time you will find yourself another and Shaftsbury. a happier and more useful woman. If you One dull, rainy day a peddler of tinware let your imagination have free play for a called at his shop to have the blacksmith while you will encounter many things of fasten a shoe on his horse. These peddlers interest about which you wish to know traveled up and down the country calling at more. One thing leads to another. You every farmhouse buying everything in the may find a gold mine of happiness for your- way of barter. This one had a number of self and others. worn-out steel saws that he had picked up in For "Knowledge is power," not only a various places. Howes bargained for them, power in material things, but also in those of shoeing the peddler's horse and receiving the the spirit. Who can do most for her saws in payment, and each thought he had children—a wise woman or an ignorant one ? made an excellent trade. For her husband?- For everyone with His idea was to polish and weld two saws whom she comes in contact? Think! together, at right angles, and thus make a There are several reasons, I suppose, why rule or measure superior to anything then in responded to this one part of use. After a few attempts he succeeded you have not > in our Department. I think the chief one is making a square, marked it off into inches that you hadn't quite realized how much and fractions of inches and found that it srood you can do through contributing to answered every purpose that he intended it " The 'Interest of Evervday Things." An- for. other reason is that there was no special In the course of a few weeks he made quite anpeal for items along this line. Another, a number during his spare hours. These that such items are not always easy to get he sent out by the peddler, who found every unless you know where to look for them. carpenter eager to buy one. Soon he found Another, that the little articles under this orders coming in faster than he could supply head have been appearing each month with- the demand. One of his steel "squares" out effort on your part and you just let well would sell for $5 or $6, which was five times enough alone. as much as it cost him. Now I don't mind doing the work, so far He applied for and obtained a patent on as the trouble is concerned. But I am only his invention so that no one else could de- .

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People came miles prive him of the profit it gave him. It was and important industry. the war of 1812, and money was to see the wonderful forges, the showers of just after ham- scarce and difficult to get. But he worked sparks flying from beneath the heavy the thousand early and late, and as he earned money he mers, and listen to the din of bought iron, and hired men to help him. workmen. and In a few years he was able to erect a large Silas Howes lived to be a millionaire, factory and put in machinery for the making he did a great deal of good with his money. the spot where of squares, which by this time had found Squares are still made on more than ninety- five their way all over the' country and had made the first one was made their inventor famous. years ago. Such was the small beginning of a large —From the Congregationalism

^f|f^ HEROISM AT HOME. A T'RIZ.E FO"R THE "BEST T*RUE STO'Ry Every month the Department will publish a little story of heroism in the home—not any one act self-sacrifice in everyday life. It must be of heroism but the tale of how someone lived heroically, lived definitely about. must not have true and must be about somebody you know or have known or know //

over 500 words. . , -•.... „, „ Please state whether the names and places mentioned tn your story are real or fictitious. I he Depart- will left blank fictitious ment does not print real names in these stories. The names in the story be or rescuing another from drowning, names will be supplied. Please do not send in stories about someone of lives bravely and unselfishly or anything like that—we don't want stories of single acts of heroism, but lived out. SPECIAL VRIZ.E Whoever sends in the best story each month will not only have it printed, but will receive a year's free subscription to Watson's Magazine sent to any name you choose.

the Lotfe Mother The October prize for the best story of All _for of Heroism at Home is awarded to "Aunt Many an evening after school hours as I Betty," though both the other stories are was engaged in my janitor duties in a great excellent and the lives protrayed in them university, did I stop and look with sadness admirable. upon a little cottage that stood in a cluster Aunt "Belty of trees several blocks from me. It was the Her head was drawn to a bowed position, home of three persons—a mother, her son and her face marred by a terrible burn re- and an old negro servant who had almost ceived in babyhood, but the patient, brave become an heirloom in the family. Just as spirit was sweet and fair. often as I looked in that direction I found If her youth was embittered because she little Jim, my faithful hero, with his broad knew that girlish hopes and dreams were straw hat perched far back upon his head, vain for her, she never complained. In carefully hoeing a luxuriantly growing gar- middle life she contracted a prosaic marriage den, which was so much better than those which could promise nothing but added of his neighbors that it seemed his broad cares, driven to it probably by the natural smile and sweet, gentle voice must have longing which most women have for a home, some magic power over the tender vege- of their own. tables that made them spring quickly into After her husband's death, who was an maturity. These marketable vegetables did invalid for several years, she returned to not represent the sum total of his labor; to her youngest and best loved brother's, and the rear of the house Was a pile of many at the time she was seized with her last fatal cords of wood split up ready for the con- sickness was nursing him with a cancerous sumer. affliction, as she had a sister in long years To a casual observer this lad of sixteen past. would have appeared to be the most con- During all her long life she served others, tented of the contented. But was he? nursed the sick, cared for motherless little Indeed not. Within his youthful body ones; and I like to think that in her last there burned a noble ambition. He was sickness she herself was tenderly nursed. a child of poverty. Nevertheless he nour- Christ said, "If any man desire to be first ished a hope that some day he might raise he shall be servant of all," and truly "Aunt himself to such a standing socially that he Betty" closely resembled her Lord in that could demand for himself the respect of she was not ministered unto, but ministered his more fortunate neighbors. The massive to others, and I believe she will have a chief university buildings in the near distance place in heaven and that the bowed head is held for him such a chance that the evil in him now erect, and the patient, marred face pleaded strongly for him to go his way and reap the advantage of an education. "Other glorified . —Georgia — — " —

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poor boys marched from its portals each the upper part of the City of New York is a year to occupy positions of honor in the cozy home in an old-fashioned house. In business world," he would say in his mind, the pleasant second-story front room sits an "therefore, why can't I go there, work my invalid mother wan and thin from suffering way through and release myself from pov- and long-continued illness. As we first see erty's clutch?" All such thoughts as these her she is saying, weakly and somewhat were pine-knots to feed Jim's burning ambi- querulously, "Isn't it time for my medicine? tion. Truly did his heart rebound with joy Where is Alice? as he conjured up the sunlit future of his "Yes, it is time," says another daughter imagination; but, thank God, there was who sat in the room. "Let me give it to something to him dearer and far more to be you, mother darling." desired than fame or riches—the love of a "No, no. Where is Alice? She knows mother. best just how to give it." Jim, knowing it to be impossible to realize As she finished speaking a cheery, pleasant his desire and at the same time do his duty voice partly spoke, partly sang: "Here I toward his mother, determined to suppress am. Time for nurse?" it and to devote his time to bringing sun- For she was nurse and homekeeper and all, shine into his mother's sick-room. Often as this bright, dainty girl, or rather young he sat by her bedside and felt the motherly woman, one of a large family. The rest had kiss upon his brow, and often while he was married and left home. All were dear, engaged in menial labor to supply her wants, loving, dutiful children and ready to do all his mind reverted to childhood days when they could for an idolized mother, but Alice, her love was thrown about him as a cloak though a teacher in one of the large city which protected him from all evil and schools, attended to her school duties and danger. Quick did he realize that all his cared for her sick mother with only the help kindness and care were a meagre recompense of an incompetent kitchenmaid, teaching for her tender love and guardianship. For all day and hurrying home again to sit up hours after he returned from his work he night after night, never taking rest or would read stories to her. Often she would pleasure during one of her mother's more ask him not to worry himself reading to her, serious attacks. She was also, companion but to lie down and rest. Then his broad to her father, whose first question on coming face would become shaped into a smile and in the house is, "Where is Alice ? " She was with a gentle voice he would say, "I am not loved by a very worthy man and had been tired, mother, and I think it a pleasure to engaged to be married for several years, but read to you." Thus through the continued although her friend urged her to marry him, efforts of Jim this little cottage became the she felt that she could not attend to her in- brightest star in the constellation of sur- valid mother as she needed and deserved by rounding homes because it was the dwelling- doing so. And when some person told her place of that which alone can make a home mother that she was putting off her mar- love. riage on her account it made Alice very After being in bed six years his mother angry. She spent all her time and lavished partially recovered, and today Jim holds an all her money on her mother, and when the important position. May he continue to mother died a few weeks ago the family be successful, for there can be no greater was afraid the loss would be so great that hero than the boy who fights the battles of she would break down. All her youngest life for his mother. The world should pay days have been spent in caring for her homage to such a boy. Texas. mother. Now she is broken in health and spirits. It will take years to regain her strength and she can never gain the years Alice that are lost, but she is satisfied that she did In one of the pleasant neighborhoods of what was for the best. New York.

VARIOUS HINTS

Every month there will be a special prize of one year's free subscription to Watson's Magazine, sent to any address desired, for the best contribution to "Various Hints." The prize this month goes to Mrs. Afton, of Kentucky.

To "RemoxJe Mildebu free most fabrics of mildew, but will fade Mildew spots may be taken from linen certain colors. by wetting them, rubbing in powdered Airs. Lucy H. Afton, Kentucky. chalk and exposing to the air. Diluted hartshorn will do the work on woolen goods. "Polish for /ticket Plate A weak solution of chloride of lime will Sift the finest coal ashes through muslin. 602 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

To Mend Iron Tots Dip a soft cloth in kerosene, then in the ashes; rub hard. Dry and polish with a Here is a receipt we have often used for a woolen cloth. solder with which to mend holes in iron pots Mrs. Adoniram Stevens, New York. and other utensils. Two parts of sulphur and one part (by weight) of fine black lead; heat the sulphur in an iron pan over the fire Boiled Water till it begins to melt, then add the lead and Drinking water in many places is not stir until all is well mixed and melted. Pour iron or stone to cool. fit for use until it has been boiled to kill on an plate smooth the germs. Those in doubt as to the length Cut into suitable sizes and apply to hole with it is a good plan of time it should be boiled will be interested a hot soldering-iron. Often copper rivet in knowing that half an hour is, according to close a small hole with a to scientists, a safe period. using the solder. Mrs. Allan T. Henry, Michigan. Mrs. Emma N. Perkins, Illinois.

mClFES, OLD AND NEW

Every month there will be a special prize of one year's free subscription to Watson's Magazine sent to any address desired, for the best contribution to "Recipes, Old and New."

very little milk From a collection of recipes that dates Use nothing else, though a back almost to "war time" we shall give a or even water may be put in the bottom of few every month just as they stand in the the dish to prevent drying up if the cheese old hand-written book that has come down is very old or the oven very quick. occasional new to us. Along with them Corn "Bread of the present day will be given. recipes One quart cornmeal, one quart milk, Tapioca "Pudding four eggs well beaten, a good heaping tea- spoon of salt, a good tablespoon of lard, over- Four tablespoons of tapioca soaked mixed together. Then put in four good the night. One quart of milk. Boil milk teaspoons of baking powder and stir not too and pour it over the tapioca; when nearly much. Grease your pans and bake about well cold add two tablespoons of sugar twenty minutes in a hot oven. beaten with the yolks of four eggs. Flavor lightly with lemon or nutmeg and bake an Taffy hour in the oven. When done and cooled Six pounds sugar, two cups water, two pour on it and spread smoothly a frosting cups vinegar, two cups cream, the broken made of the whites of two eggs beaten and whites of two eggs and a little lemon to half a pint of powdered sugar. This serves flavor. Skim when it first boils. as a sauce. It may be used without the "Russian Salad and "Dressing frosting if a little more sugar is added to the pudding and the whites of eggs may be Cut up olives and pickled beets (flavored, spread on and slightly browned. if possible, with bay-leaves) and pour these and green peas over a foundation of lettuce, Taj try romaine or escarolle laid on plates ready to One teacup of lard, four of flour, one tea- serve. Proportions and size of pieces to spoon of salt and enough barley water to taste. Small pieces of cauliflower may also make it roll, half a teacup or less if possible. be used. For a dressing use three parts Make it up quickly and roll as little as pos- olive oil to one of vinegar (wine vinegar is sible. Make it in a cool place and use very better than that from cider), adding to the cold water. oil, before the vinegar is put in, salt and pepper to taste. Many will prefer a smaller Macaroni and Cheese proportion of vinegar. Paprika (Hungar- Boil the macaroni till soft and drain it. ian pepper) is better than the ordinary Lay alternate layers of macaroni and Par- kinds, lending a very distinctive taste. mesan cheese or finely grated ordinary cheese Fresh lemon juice may also be used instead in a baking-vessel, preferably a casserole. of vinegar or even along with it. " !

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^^0 THE MONTHS MEMENTO. ^^^ Undek. this head in every number we will have some little poem or prose extract from the work of some great man. There is no rule or limitation in selecting these. Anything that is good and helpful and aids to broader thinking and truer living may find place here.

Be Strong! Be strong! We are not here to play, to, dream, to drift. We have hard work to do and loads to lift, Shun not the struggle; face it, 'tis God's gift.

Be strong! Say not the days are evil—Who's to blame?

And fold the hands an d acquiesce—oh , shame Stand up, speak out, and bravely, in God's name.

Be strong! It matters not how deep intrenched the wrong, How hard the battle goes, the day how long; Faint not, fight on. Tomorrow comes the song. Maltbie Davenport Babcock.

A Great Head a T AM absolutely certain," said the worried-looking man, "that I locked myself * in my room last night, stuck a nail in the keyhole, and fastened down all the windows, and yet when I awoke this morning my pocketbook containing $294 was missing. I don't see how anyone could have entered the room during the night, for I found all the fastenings intact, and I begin to suspect that I arose in my sleep and robbed myself." " You are undoubtedly a somnambulist! " replied the bulging-browed young attorney. "And—by George!—say, that has in it the making of one of the most unique cases in the entire history of jurisprudence! Why, my dear sir, I can get you sent to the penitentiary for five years, at the very least, if you just say the word!

Something to Live Up to

"TIT AS this calf a pedigree?" inquired the prospective purchaser. -*-- "Well, I'll tell you how 'tis," replied honest Farmer Bentover. "His father hooked the liver out of a lightning-rod agent, throwed a presidin' elder up on top of the barn, and busted up the automobile that ran over him and broke his back; and his mother chased a lady elocutionist into a well, and kicked three ribs out of a hoss-doctor. And if that ain't pedigree enough for a ten- " dollar calf, I don't see how me and you can do any great amount of swappin! e//enrIrom The People

Our readers are requested to be as brief as possible in their welcome letters to the Magazine, as the great number of communications daily received makes it impossible to publish all of them or even to use more than extracts from many that are printed. Every effort, however, will be made to give the people all possible space for a direct voice in the Magazine, and this Department is freely open to them.

"RWRAL FTtEE 'DELIVE'Ry Pennsylvania, introduced a resolution in the From Hon. A. L. Brick Fifty-first Congress—a Republican Congress. Committee on Appropriations, House This resolution, which called for an appro- of Representatives, priation of $10,000 for experimental ex- tension of the free system in rural Washington, D. C, August i, 1906. delivery My Dear Mr. Watson: towns and villages, passed the House and Senate and became a law. The experiment I mailed a letter to you, prior to receiving success, is your last one to me. In that letter I ex- was a as shown by the report of Republican plained that I did not have a record until the Postmaster-General Wana- the day before containing the speech. I maker. "In its infancy it was pounced had to telegraph for it and the data I had upon by the Democratic Party, has an prepared on the speech is in a box containing a party that my Washington papers, which has gone unbroken history of never missing an op- astray in the mail and has not yet been portunity to try to throttle the life of every received. The Post-office Department is infant industry that may be so unfortunate now searching for the box, but up to this as to meet it upon the great highway of progress. In making appropriations for the time it has not been located. Post-office for fiscal year I made quite a thorough examination of Department the reports of the Post-office Department ending June 30, 1894, the sum of $10,000 and of the Congressional Records, and was appropriated for the purpose of making talked with officers of the Post-office experiments in the rural free delivery of Department and members of the mail." (I think this latter should be in Post-office Committee, and old Congress- small type indicating a quotation.) this men, and did the best I could to get a full I believe, Mr. Watson, answers your run of what was done from the start to first, second, third and fourth propositions finish in the development of rural free in your letter of July 20, which is your last in with delivery. Until I looked over the Record letter to me, and taken consideration letters to you fully explains the the morning I wrote you I had not noticed my other statement, "The first seed in the paragraph on page 9596, beginning reason for the Hon. Mr. Bingham, the with, "The first seed was sown when Hon. was sown when Mr. Bingham, the Republican Congressman Republican Congressman from Pennsyl- from Pennsylvania, introduced a resolution vania, introduced a resolution in the Fifty- first Congress a Republican Congress." in the Fifty-first Congress—a Republican — Congress," that there was a mistake, and one But I also explain this later on herein as as in former letters. which is embarrassing to me, because I find well in it is printed in small type, and therefore on Now, as to your fifth question, which rural free the face of it is a quotation, when parts of it you state your contention "that should not have been quoted, and was not delivery so-called, under Hon. John Wana- intended by me to be quoted. maker was confined to the limits of towns General Bingham's bill was for the ex- and villages and did not operate in rural tension of the free delivery system, and that precincts at all." I don't think I ever made part of the paragraph should have read that any statement about Mr. Bingham's per- the appropriation of $10,000 was for ex- sonal attitude upon the subject of rural perimental extension of the free delivery free delivery. I certainly did not know, about it, just system. Now this is the way it ought to having never talked with him read. what his full intentions were. My con- resolution The first seed was sown when Hon. Mr. tention was that he introduced a Bingham, the Republican Congressman from for the extension of free delivery in rural 604 LETTERS FROM THE PEOPLE 605

towns and villages, and in talking with per- Editor's Note: sons familiar with the experiments made at The error into which Mr. Brick falls con- the time, I discovered that here and there, sists in confusing the R. F. D. of Mr. Wana- I do not say in all of them, but here and maker with the R. F. D. as we now have it. there they got outside of the precincts of the It was conceded during the debate in the villages and towns into the country, and that Fifty-second Congress that Mr. Wanamaker that gave the idea of rural free delivery. had put in operation a system of Rural Free Now I talked with a number of persons ac- Delivery. But it was also conceded that the quainted with the conditions at that time Post-office Department had construed the while I was investigating the subject and words to mean country towns and country vil- making my notes, and they said that this lages. was done in places where experiments were Mr. Brick will see that this is so, if he will being made in small towns and villages, and examine the Congressional Record of the that while these experiments were being Fifty-second Congress. General Bingham, made they did get outside of the towns and as before stated, was present when the matter villages here and there into the country. was discussed, and took part in the debate. I cannot say how far, but in common fair- There was no dispute whatever about the ness to you, who have been fair with me, I facts. Everybody conceded that Mr. Wana- would say that it was to a limited extent, maker's R. F. D. was experimenting in and it was this which caused the idea to towns and villages. Hence, the wording of sprout. my Resolution requiring that experiments Since receiving your last letter I sent for be made outside towns and villages, and Mr. Wanamaker's report, and I take it that hence the statement of Chairman Henderson, Mr. Bingham's resolution was probably incit- of the Committee of Post-offices and Post- ed by Mr. Wanamaker, from all that I can roads, putting the House upon notice that now understand, and that Mr. Wanamaker, if it passed my Resolution it would be en- before the money became available, talked acting NEW LEGISLATION. about its being the inception of rural free Mr. Brick is altogether wrong in saying delivery, and evidently had rural free that the official report on the success of free delivery in his mind from the very start, and delivery of mails outside towns and villages he said in his report of 1890 that in carrying was based upon experiments made under the out the experiments under that resolution Bingham Resolution. they would have mail delivered, say, No, No, no! within a radius of two miles. And further The first experiment on Rural Free he said in thinly settled rural districts it had Delivery as the country now knows it was been proposed to ask school-teachers to dis- made in the mountains of West Virginia, tribute mail to pupils authorized by their under the administration of William L. Wil- parents and neighbors to receive it, and son, and by virtue of my Resolution and two then he said that no doubt a dozen different similar ones which followed. devices could be tried. If Mr. Brick will examine the Govern- As I say, in making these experiments it ment report, now published in book form, he has been my creditable information that will realize how far he has gone astray in at- they did go outside of the town and village tempting to make the Bingham Resolution limits into the country, and that that was the cornerstone of the stately edifice now the intention of Mr. Wanamaker, and in his known as the R. F. D. system. report he said that that was what he in- tended to do, all of which shows that rural F*ROM A FHIEfi-D free delivery was his object in 1890, when Taylor McRae, Fort Worth, Tex. the resolution was passed bearing Mr. I have followed the canvass in Georgia Bingham's name. for the last three months through the Now, Mr. Watson, I believe this answers columns of the Atlanta Journal and have your questions as propounded by your last read with interest your speeches and letters letter. I certainly have intended to an- in defense of yourself against the attacks swer them as explicitly as it was possible of partisan Democrats, and also your advice for me to do. You will see from the quo- to Populists as to what their course should tations from Wanamaker's report, and from be in the primaries. I am a Populist and my investigations, why I made the state- have been one through all of the heat and ment that the first seeds of rural free de- strife of the past; was a delegate to the livery were sown in the Bingham resolution. St. Louis convention in 1896 that nominated In my former letter to you I gave you the you for second place on the ticket, having credit for your resolution later on. been selected by the convention which Sincerely yours, nominated myself for congress at Kerrville, A. L. Brick. Tex. I have never faltered in the faith, but have hoped that the day would come Hon. Tom Watson, Thomson, Ga. when all of us Populists might find some party I send parts of Wanamaker's report in that was advocating our principles and with answer to your letter herewith, and make it which we might act honestly and without a part of my response. fear of betrayal. As I said before, I read 606 WATSON'S MAGAZINE over your advice to our people in your state, you very properly size up as "a damn and after thinking the matter over I con- fool" will mend his ways before it is ever- cluded that you were right and that as our lastingly too late. Good-bye, Mary. leader we were bound to follow your advice when our own intelligence indicated to us THE 'RAIL'ROA'D VRO"BLEM it was the true course to pursue. I am that J. Dan Woodall, Sr., Barnesville, Ga. growing old, am now nearly sixty-two, and Commenting on your platform for 1908, the hot blood of my younger days has been will say: If we reach the point of "Public somewhat cooled and I am better able now Ownership" of public utilities, we believe to hold myself in check and consider the "State Ownership" would be a great deal matters coolly and without prejudice. I have safer and better than "Government Owner- advised our boys of what you said to your ship." State sovereignty is to be desired Georgia brothers, and while they hate a above feudal sovereignty in every matter Texas Democrat very bitterly, I think they possibly consistent with public interest. were convinced after a talk that your course Pending the agitation of public ownership, was the best. We have little hope here I'm in favor of capitalizing the railroads at of ever building up the party again, and $20,000 per mile and limit their dividends it seems to me that with the great strides to 8 percent., take away their charter where the people of all parties are making toward roadbeds and rolling stock are not kept in our platform, it might be well for us to hold substantial condition. ourselves independent and fight with the If anyone doubts your charge of negli- crowd that come nearest holding to our gence against the Southern Railway, let views. I do not mean to attach ourselves him go to Oliver Springs, Tenn., and exam- to any party, but throw our votes to the ine the Southern's roadbed through that one which has a man upon a platform town. I spent two weeks in above named nearest ours, and who is a man that we town last month, June, 1906. Being appre- believe to be honest and who will stand for hensive of the Southern on account of its what he promises if elected. reputation for wrecks and poor equipments, I would be pleased when you have a I preferred the W. U. A. and Cm Son., moment that you can conveniently spare which landed me at Oakdale ; balance of to let me have some of your ideas upon the route, some twenty miles, I traveled by present situation. Mr. Hearst seems to the Southern. After arrival I noticed the be nearer us than any man before the people, smallness of the rails and the alarmingly and again he is so bitterly hated by the decayed condition of the crossties—some machine Democracy that he must be hurting of the ends of the crossties, from the track- them somewhere below the fifth rib. What- irons out, were so rotten that there was no ever happens believe me to be your friend distinct body of them left; others so shelly ever. Col. H. L. Bently and I are warm that you could tear them asunder with your friends. hands. Six passenger and as high as ten to fifteen freight trains passed over this road, we were told, every twenty-four hours. Mary D. Jensen. Returning from Oliver Springs we came by After reading very carefully "Letters a Louisville & Nashville accommodation from the People" and the editorials, I feel freight to Knoxville, thirty-five miles, and that there is a something lacking somewhere then via the Louisville & Nashville passen- and in the kindest manner possible I will ger to Atlanta, changing cars at Marietta. suggest a few things that in a little super- If all the railroads in Georgia were capital- ficial way I think might improve the whole. ized at $20,000, made to pay tax on that Now a letter writer who wants to see his amount, allowed to make a dividend of 8 per or her name printed will be apt to say cent, on that amount, passenger rates reduced things that have no foundation in fact, to one cent per mile on an accidental policy and some of them would not know a brain basis, elected as to amount of policy by the if it came up and made signs, so please purchaser, relieving the taxpayer and the don't give us so much of that kind of thing railroad companies of the cost and troubles without a little leaven. Now this is the of damage suits, I think it would go far truth, Great Editor Man, and see that you toward adjusting the railroad problem. write it fair. Any man or woman who thinks the editor of Tom Watson's Magazine a F'ROM A 'RETU'BLICA.f* profound thinker and such men as Henry C. A. Buck, Rushsylvania, O. George, Louis Post, William Loyd Garri- I have read the July number with un- son, Tom L. Johnson, etc., "superficial" usual interest, but your suggestion for a is a damn fool! political platform appealed to me stronger Hoping this will be in good time. than any one thing in it. I have always been considered a strong party man, of Editor's Note: Republican persuasion, and have generally Yes, Mary, your letter came "in good advocated its principles during my exten- time." sive experience in country newspaper work. I trust that the correspondent whom But I've been getting weak in the faith for :

LETTERS FROM THE PEOPLE 607 two years or more, until now I care little the most votes. The devil will never be for a party name. It is men and measures whipped till all his enemies combine their for me hereafter, regardless of partisan con- forces in the fight. sideration. May you prosper in your good I am for Watson in 1903. work. Aft I/4'DO'RSEMEJWU a vrovosal W. J. Hull, Greston, Ga. E. A. May, Poplar, Cal. I fully indorse your 1908 platform. I I heartily subscribe to your published would be pleased to support you on that platform. I think it would be a good idea declaration of purposes, and if there is not to print a large number of them on small something done in that line, the corpora- slips of paper just large enough to fold once tions and railroads will take this country. and go in an envelope. Then let every It seems that the reformers could unite person advocating them buy 500 or 1,000 on something like that and carry the and send one in every letter he mails. It country. Yours for reform. would publish them and make people think about them. IJfl&IA&IVE A/fD 'REFE'RE/fDUM T. C. Wright, Gadsden, Ala. A VICTIM OF JVATIOJVAL "BAfiKS I have read the July number of your John W. Adams, Arthur, I. T. Magazine and must say I am well pleased I have just been reading the July number with it. I have been in the reform move- of your Magazine. Your suggested plat- ment since 1892, and am in for the war form would be hard to beat, I think. What during my natural life. you have said of National Banks is timely. I notice your platform and can only add Here they charge us from 15 to 30 per one thing—that is, the Initiative and Refer- cent, interest for the use of money. I endum. With that it would be O. K. know because I have paid it. The law I heard you speak at Gadsden, Ala., 'way allows only 8 per cent., but they beat back in the nineties, when you were first a the law by adding the interest to the face candidate for Vice-President, and have been of the note. Tom Watson's is doing much an admirer of you ever since, and have to open the eyes of the people. Go on and been proud to cast my vote for you at every talk louder and more if you can. opportunity and hope to have that pleasure The " Free Lectures to Washington again, as I have never scratched a ticket Negroes" is a pointer for the South. Such opposed to organized hypocrisy and never practice is indeed a gross practice. The expect to. Go on with the good work. white people of the country ought to be There are scores of the old guard in Ala- proud to get at such information, and ought bama still with you. to remember it on election days. AJV ABSOLUTIST A CO/tVE'RG A. Hilton, Alexandria, La.

W . R. McClanahan, Thomas, W. Va. Just received in the last day or two the I beg to offer the following suggestions to July number of your Magazine in which you your political platform for 1908: make a platform for 1908, and ask that a line Paragraph 5 should have a clause as to be dropped you. Now I will make my plat- price paid for any property, especially when form, viz: "Absolute Free Trade with all the bought from the Trusts. world and the Single Tax upon the value of Paragraph 9 should provide a severe land to support all Government." My plat- punishment for all public men that have form is shorter than yours and would do a betrayed the trusts placed in them by their great deal more good. The Income and constituents, and a disbarment from any Inheritance Tax would not be needed. Ask T office of trust or honor. Tom . Johnson, Mayor of Cleveland, if he May success crown your efforts for the does not c'.gree with me, etc. I am eighty-two good of the people. and a half years old and getting feeble in body, A heretofore Republican. bat 1 can think yet.

UHE T^/I/t^/ICE^/I A SUGGESTION W. T. Anderson, Bowling Green, Ky. W. F. Hogue, Marion, Ala. I think In answer to your request for a line on your platform for 1908 is all right, your proposed platform, will say good enough and I suggest Bryan and Watson for the ticket. What do you think it ? for anyone. Nothing bad about it, but I about have thought for some time that the Initi- ative and Referendum is a sufficient plat- CRADX/ATED VROTE'RT.y TAX form for any party. That is the key that W. V. Marshall, Berlin, Pa. unlocks the chest which contains a panacea Referring to your proposed platform for for all our national ills. With it the Pro- 1908, would not plank 3 be vastly improved hibitionist can secure his hobby if he can get by substituting the graduated property tax a majority of the votes. The Socialist can for the systems you specify? I think so, and force a divide-up provided he can secure for these among other reasons 608 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

As to the graduated income plan, it con- Why use a system that unaffects the colos- forms to the principle that the taxes should sal monopoly either directly or indirectly in be imposed in proportion to the ability to ownership interests so distributed that no pay. So does the graduated property plan. one member is sufficiently wealthy in his own Thus far the two systems are alike, the one right to materially feel the tax? answering as well as the other; but beyond Why not abolish the business of rivalry- this they differ, with everything against the crushing by any one man or set of men, in income method and in favor of the graduated any one or set of forms, by graduated prop- method. erty-tax, inducing to competitive and honest The income tax will not prevent the over- methods, on the part of all, and by all from the due concentration of wealth. Even if the beginning to the end of their industrial mighty money makers were compelled to give careers ? up, in the form of Government revenue, a Why not prevent the hurts, rather than little larger share of their extraordinary permit the same and then look to be recom- profits, they would not be prevented by the pensed on account thereof at the grave? income tax from continuing their combina- As you offer your platform as a suggestion tions. And as long as they can continue them, I move to amend by substituting the gradu- they can harvest back the extra sums they ated property tax for the taxes proposed pay out as tax, by twisting the screws a little in plank 3 and ask, "Why should .not the tighter at the one point to make up for what amendment be adopted? " _, they must yield at the other point. The graduated tax does not permit them to ENTHUSIASM FOK- DIP^ECT recoup themselves in this way, for its special LEGISLATION function is to prohibit monopolistic combina- Jerome C . Swihart, Rochester, Ind. tions, and if the capitalists cannot go into I have just finished reading your sugges- these combinations they will be without the tive platform for 1908, in your Magazine, and machinery for making up to themselves the as a Democrat and best of all an American extra taxes they will, under the proposed citizen, I heartily indorse the greater part of system, be obliged to pay. it. That which I do not indorse I do not The inquisitorial ism and prying into pri- understand or have not given it sufficient affairs necessitated in the assessment of vate thought to intelligently pass judgment upon an income tax would render it so obnoxious it. as to bring about its repeal, whence we would I am particularly infatuated with the first be where we are at present. clause, namely, "Direct Legislation ; election No extra inquisitiveness would be required of all officers by the people ; and the right of in the graduated method, because the taxes recall." If this clause could be adopted by would be levied in the same manner as they the people, it would be equal to a second the lands, mines, manufac- now are—upon Declaration of Independence, and would tories, stores, and other plainly visible prop- effectively make good the utterances of the erties, the values of which can be ascertained immortal Lincoln, "That a government of without prying into the peculiarly private the people, by the people, for the people, affairs of individuals. shall not perish from the earth." Those who reported their incomes fairly If a public office is a public trust, why would be brought into unfair competition should not the people pass upon who shall with the dishonest who resorted to conceal- fill the office? ments, lying and perjury to avoid divulging If after electing an individual to a public what were their real incomes. office, the public should consider that the There could be little opportunity for mis- public could be better served by his recall, representation and evasion in the case of the why should not that power be vested solely graduated property tax, for it has to deal, in the people ? When public officers are in- like our present direct system, with the debted to the people for the position which visible properties themselves with instead of they occupy, and when they must answer the invisible profits of properties. directly to the people and not the interests Then why not abandon the income plan for their official actions, then, and not until for this more improved method of laying the then, will they secure the greatest good to ability taxes in proportion to the to pay? the greatest number, which is the prime ob- Why not seek a method that will work to the ject of civil government. I cannot conceive end of righting the present distorted state of anything which would bring about the of industrialism while working to the other much desired reform so quickly and effec- object ? tively as the adoption of this clause, and I As to the inheritance tax, why adopt the candidly believe that the political party position of condoning an evil for pay? which supports it will crown their efforts And why employ a measure that leaves with success. exploitation to speed rampant until the ex- ploiter has ended his race of grab and get? ON TAR^IFF FOU. 'REVENUE OJVLy

Why legalize a plan that renders immune E. W. Ferguson, Jr. , Long Pine, Neb. the undying rival-crushing and thieving You ask your readers to write you con- trust? cerning their opinion of "A Political Plat- : 9 ;

LETTERS FROM THE PEOPLE 609 form for 1908." In general I think it is For President in 1908 good, and very good. Nor would I suggest William R. Hearst, of New York any radical change except in the second For Vice-President in 1908 plank. There is no argument for tariff of Thomas E. Watson, of Georgia any kind that can stand before investigation. I have always been a Watson man, but the I believe I am not alone in this view. I Populist Party and its leaders are not a class believe that more people have read and of glory for themselves. We believe in the accepted the truths of Henry George's greatest good to the greatest number. The "Protection or Free Trade" than have fact of it is all reform parties work for the followed him on the "Land Question." At interest of the masses and not for class legis- best, the advocates of "Tariff for Revenue lation. I believe with such a ticket and only" can only claim that it is a means of platform we can elect the next President and gaining a revenue, apologize for it, and Vice-President. Mr. Hearst is as honest and apology does not make good argument. brave as you are and all the people who have Let us denounce "Duty on Imports" and known you for years know that you come up advocate "Income and Inheritance Tax" in to the standard of reform. lieu thereof. Then we will have something we can defend from start to finish. I UHE TL^/I&FOP^M ^IJWT) OUHEP+- believe that you will find it is only the UOPICS that advocates old Bourbon-Democrat R. T. Butler, Cincinnati, O. "Tariff for Revenue," it being a sweet I would substitute for article No. 2 of to roll his tongue. The morsel under your platform "All articles manufactured generation of reformers have their younger or controlled by a trust on the free list." doubts of its efficacy or else are pronounced But if you think this is not broad enough "Free Traders." and that article. No. 2 should stand, then I of Direct Legislation; Your advocacy suggest at least that the last four words doing away with Federal Courts; Munici- "and for revenue only" be left off. This is pally Owned Utilities ; Government money, an old and meaningless Democratic phrase without the exception clause Greenbacks that has been worn threadbare in years gone Hostility to the National Bank System; by until it rasps on the ear of many voters Government economy ; Opposition to an ex- when they hear it spoken. Then, too, ; Colonization ; tensive navy and Ship and when we once get a properly graded income Mail subsidy; and advocacy of Parcels Post, and inheritance tax, which you properly Savings Banks and extension of Rural Free provide for, we will need no tax on imports Delivery meet my heartiest approval. "for revenue only." Then I would add one more article favor- GER^SE COMMENT ing a graded land tax. The article in D. H. Welch, Winchester, III. "Letters from the People," July Magazine, In reply to your suggestion on platform, under head of "Does It Mean Tenant Farm- would say in regard to plank number six of ing?" is illustrative of the necessity of such the financial question, all money to be provision. The income tax would not cover created by the Government to be full legal the necessity for the reason that the great tender for all debt, public and private, every fortunes that already exist in the country, dollar to be at a parity —the gold dollars, the when they are no longer allowed to be used silver and paper. Then we can pay our in exploiting the country, would be con- debt. Then we will have sixty or seventy verted into lands in million-acre tracts to be dollars per capita. We may well say that used as deer parks and hunting grounds we have no money in circulation. Money that would practically bring no income, so don't circulate. Checks are the only things that the income tax could be avoided. that circulate now. Go to the bank, give This is now done in England. your note, then check your note out. No Now, as I am not writing this for publica- special objections to the platform. I tion, but simply in hope that it may take always thought the Omaha Platform was too up some of your spare time and keep you radical, but I never made any kick. I from wandering through the woods and think your suggestion on platform good lanes and writing some more of those pastoral enough. No change of name. People's editorials that make a man feel that he is Party. once more a barefooted boy, and with pants rolled up and a fish-pole in hand is just ready to start down to the creek past the old _SI GICKE& FOK- 1908 swimming-hole, where, after taking a swim, J. E. Scanlan, Bee Branch, Ark. he is to go on and fish in the old mill-pond, In your July number of Watson's Maga- I want to ask you a question or two. If zine you set forth a National platform that you want to answer in the Magazine you can all the people would be benefited by such do it by publishing the questions only. If form of Government. T hope you will pro- the Advance plow sells in this country for duce this same platform in your August $18 and is sold in South America for $9, it number and keep it standing, headed as is pretty good evidence that there is at the follows very least $9 profit in its manufacture. October, 1906 — : :

610 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

That being the case and there being plenty All ballots or votes for all candidates to of field and plow timber in this country, be secret ballots and no voter to be held what is to hinder anyone from going into accountable to any person or organization the business of making plows just like the for his vote. Advance plow? All candidates shall announce prior to I do not understand that there is any primary election their platforms and be patent to protect the Advance plow, so one subject after election to recall by their con- can be made just like it and sold, say, for stituents for violation of their announced $12 or $14, which ought to catch the farmers' platform, or for conduct unsatisfactory to trade and stop the sale of the Advance at a majority of their constituents when ex- $16. You know we Populists believe in the pressed in a legalized primary properly law of competition and of supply and called for such expression. demand. If there is a plow trust and that To such bodies of men elected under the trust should put prices down to cost of pro- above platform you may safely leave the duction to kill competition, then the article discussion of all questions of public interest I suggest in place of article No. 2 in your and their enactment into suitable legisla- platform would remedy the evil if free trade tion. would remedy it. Until we do have an "Honesty Party," One of the evils the American consumer which can call for and exact obedience in all suffers from is the undue importance he emergencies from a majority of the members attaches to a name on trade-mark. For of all parties irrespective of party lines, none instance, if some man makes a plow exactly of the things you are fighting for are obtain- like the Advance and as good in every par- able. With such an honesty party all of ticular or even better, he is yet unable to the things you are contending for worth use the name "Advance" on his plow, and while will be obtained as soon as the people for this reason and no other the average are ready for them. buyer will of his own accord pay two prices Nominations dictated by bosses, and for the "Advance " and be happy over it. secured by fraud or the money power, are the curse of the hour. All platforms and CP^I&ICI-TM OF UHE TL^/IUFOF^M all planks should give way to securing the honest expression of the people's will in this Memphis, Tenn. Edwin Lehman Johnson, year of coming grace, 1908. You publish "A Political Platform for 1908" composed of eight extremely large planks, upon some of which the people will ISHE W_SlTSOf4 TL^/ITFOP^M be neither ready to vote nor to stand till John Wood, Chicago, III. 1 91 2, and some of which will be impossible In regard to the political platform for of adoption before 2008, and then you say: 1908, I would suggest the following addition "What do you think of it? Drop us a to your proposition number one: "Direct line." Assuming that the humor of the nomination of all candidates for public request is unconscious and that you do not office at the primaries. The primaries of all object to two or more lines upon such a large parties to be held on the same day and all subject, I will comply with your request. the voters of each political subdivision to If you really wish to suggest a platform vote at the same polling place." If ever upon which members of all parties except you had participated in the primaries of anarchists may stand, provided said mem- Chicago or any other large city where the bers be honest men, I respectfully suggest grafting bosses of the different parties are the following modification of your platform hand in glove, you would surely realize the for 1908 great necessity for a strong and powerful Strike out all planks but the first and re- hand to insure to the people an even break write that as follows on primary day. The Honesty Party's Platform for 1908. As a substitute for proposition number The nomination of all candidates of what- three I would suggest the following: "Ex- ever party to be in legalized primary elec- empt from taxation all labor values." You tions whereof the absolutely necessary are liable to conclude from this that I am a expenses shall be paid from the public treas- strict adherent of the theory of the "Single ury, whether city, county, state or national, Tax." I wish to disabuse your mind of this and all other legitimate expenses borne by idea by explaining that out of a total revenue the candidates and their friends whereof full necessary to pay the municipal expenses of report and publication shall be made. The the City of Chicago, amounting to nearly same regulations to apply to the final elec- twelve million dollars, more than six million tions. Bribe-takers and bribe-givers to dollars were raised by license fees of all kinds. be forever disqualified from vote and office It is my opinion that all license fees should both in primary and final elections, and any stand or be fixed as the people should informant giving evidence which shall se- determine, but I do not think that the cure the conviction of any bribe-taker or owner of land should have his taxes in- giver shall receive from the public treasury creased because he has been energetic a sum equal to the bribe given or taken by enough to build a house one story or ten the convicted person. stories high upon that land. I do not believe LETTERS FROM THE PEOPLE 611

it is right to make the taxes of a man who is called a Russian Populist by the writer has cleared a farm in the forest one cent of the article. higher than the man has to pay on the same Now there is much in this article which is area of land immediately adjoining. The interesting and very much with which I same argument that applies against the taxa- would fully agree, but an intelligent and tion of improvements on land also applies well-informed writer cannot afford to be against the taxation of personal property with inaccurate in historical statements, for if the additional argument that ninety-nine out he is, people are likely to distrust any other of every hundred men who pay personal statement which he may make. taxes are perjurers. Therefore taxes on The writer of the article referred to says the improvements on land, on personal that Bakunin was in prison in the Castle of property and on incomes necessitate an Schlusselburg in 1849 and that he died in espionage into strictly private affairs that the dungeon of that castle. It is very is very disagreeable to the American spirit doubtful if Michael Bakunin ever saw the of independence, encourages perjury, and inside of the Castle of Schlusselburg. He above all is a tax on the energetic man who was tried by the German Government and does things and who is the cause of all of the sentenced to death. His sentence was increase in land values all over the country. commuted to imprisonment for life. He I feel absolutely sure that all of the owners was then turned over to the American of great fortunes whom I know it is your Government, which went through the same purpose to reach with an "income tax" process. Finally he was given over to will antagonize with far greater energy the Russia, his native country. He was in proposition to exempt labor values from prison for a time at St. Petersburg, but was taxation, because they realize very well that finally banished to Eastern Siberia. He the enactment of such a law would im- obtained leave to settle as a colonist in the mediately increase the taxes of all unused Amur country and escaped through the coal, iron, oil, lumber and other valuable United States to Switzerland. Leaving out lands from 500 to 1,000 per cent. the details of his subsequent life, it is suf- I wish you would ask for the views of ficient to say that he died peacefully in his your readers on this question. I do not bed on the first day of July, 1876, twenty- think a discussion would hinder the progress seven years after the writer says he was of radical democracy. consigned to the Castle of Schlusselburg. In regard to proposition number four, I By the way, Bakunin was not turned over wish to plead that I am probably not as to the tender mercies of Russia till 1850 well posted as I ought to be. If you think instead of 1849. there are enough of your readers in my position to justify a thorough explanation FF+-OM _SI F^ETlTBLIC^rjV of this plank, I wish you would in the next Pierre DePew, Nyack, N. Y.

issue. Here is the way I stand : I know Although I am a Republican, still I am that the present United States judges are liberal in my views, and agree with most Of the creatures of corporations because they your views as expressed in your political would not have been confirmed by the platform for 1908. United States Senate if they had ever been 1. Direct legislation of all officers except known to possess views antagonistic to President. This should, however, be modi- corporate greed. Therefore, I always thought fied in present form. they should, like Congressmen, be elected by 2. Necessaries of life on free list. I agree the people in the political division over which with you on this point, that duties should they may have jurisdiction. Now, if these not be for protection, as we have too many judgeships were abolished, before whom monopolies now. would those persons be tried who are guilty 3. Income and inheritance tax. O. K. of the violation of United States laws? 4. I agree in the suppression of all Federal I do not think at the present time there courts. could be an improvement on the balance 5. Public ownership and operation of of your platform. public utilities. Note by Editor: 6. Money system changed. I approve of Congress could create courts to try and this and No. 5. punish violators of Federal laws. In other 7. I agree with the sentiment of this, words, Congress has the power to limit the except raval expenditures should not be power of the lower Federal courts, where stopped, but should be made lower. I the devilment originates. think that our colonies are essential to the nation, and that the Philippines should not be free, as they are not as well fitted for MICHAEL "B^/tKUJIIJ* self-government as are the people of Porto Rico. Wilbur F. Bryant, Ponea, Neb. 8. I agree entirely with the points in this A few days ago I picked up a copy of and with postals savings banks, if they can your Magazine (April, 1906), in which I be safely managed. noticed an article on Michael Bakunin, who Can you inform me as to the address of 612 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

Senator La Follette, as I would like to the 4th of last June. They adopted two write for his speech on railroad rates? years ago, by the Initiative, a genuine Do you know where I can obtain the primary law, and this time they elected following books: "Protective Tariff De- their own United States senator. He is lusion, " by Mrs. Marion Todd, and "Pizarro accused of being a bad man and a plutocrat. and John Sherman" and "Right of Wo- I don't know that he is any better than man," by the same author? some who are worried over his delinquencies, is Editor's Note. —Mrs. Todd could proba- but this certain : that when the undis- bly furnish the books. They are out of print. mayed W. S. U'Ren, the father of Direct "Who's Who in America" gives Madison, Legislation in Oregon, needed help and need- Wis., as Senator La Follette 's address. ed it like the Arkansas farmer needed his six-shooter after carrying it twenty years I/4'DO'RSES WAT~TOf* TLATFOB^M without using, Jonathan Bourne came to John M. Kellogg, Fall River, Kan. the front with the help that helped carry I indorse your plank platform for the amendment through two successive 1908. I think that it is a sound creed, legislatures. It had to go through two in sound enough, honest enough for any succession in order to be submitted to the honest, patriotic American citizen to be people. Bourne might have done like in favor of. I think the People's Party other millionaires at that time, and bought ought to adopt your platform at the 1908 steam yachts or established a private den convention. Then pull together for the of infamy with the money. He fought for reforms formulated in Hon. Thomas E. the election of the United States senators by Watson's platform until we get them made the people long before it was popular in into law. Then if the people want more Oregon, and all that he ever did that his reforms, it will be time enough to strike enemies howl most about was try to be tent and march further. elected senator by the legislature some years ago, and using the methods then in •DIHECG LEGISLATION If* CRECO/f vogue and still relied upon when rich men A. D. Cridge, Echo, Ore. desire to be admitted to the den of forty Your platform is all right enough, but if thieves beneath the dome of the Capitol at you would cut out the last seven planks it Washington. Bourne is the first of a pro- would be better. With Direct Legislation cession of men to sit in the United States the people can get the other planks—if they Senate as the untrammeled choice of the want them. Without Direct Legislation people. they will get stones instead of bread from He will sit alongside of such men as any Congress the plutes will permit to be La Follette and Tillman when he gets there. elected. If he don't, they'll hang him when he gets Here in Oregon the people are still voting within rope's length in Oregon. for Abraham Lincoln—that is, they think Well, what I was going to call your atten- they are —and the state is from 14,000 to tion to, Tom Watson, was this—the people of 35,000 majority Republican on National Oregon are right up and coming every time candidates and questions. They elected for Direct Legislation, but they are shy on and re-elected a Democratic governor. the other planks of your platform. They The first time because of a scrap among the are very much like other people in other followers of the Elephant; the second time, states, too. With Direct Legislation the June 4th, last, because Governor Chamber- people can get anything they want. They lain stood up and fought like Andrew Jack- can be rallied quicker for that than any- son for the spirit, as well as the letter, of the thing else. He got leading men, rich and Direct Legislation amended State Consti- poor, in all parties to take off their coats for tution, against a lot of Republicans who Direct Legislation. They wouldn't pull laid a scheme to do away with it. The together for anything else under heaven. Republican candidate was a pretty good Some of them have never pulled together man, too, but he had sneered at public since, and never will. The people roll the ownership and was coy in indorsing Direct names Referendum and Initiative under Legislation, and Republican plutocrats whis- their tongues flippantly, without difficulty; pered too loud about some deep-set scheme now they are used to it. to do away with the blankety-blank Refer- I don't see but what your platform is all endum and Initiative. With the help of right as far as it goes, but the first plank the Insurgent Republicans, who are Lincoln- means all the rest, if the rest are wanted. bred and Democratic in principle, Chamber- Whoop it up for Direct Legislation. It lain held the fort last time, and he is pretty scares the plutes worse than publicity does sure to do it again. a packing-house trust. Try it. The people of Oregon went, the same way Maine did for Governor Kent several dec- A/V&I-SOCIALIST ades ago, for the Referendum and the John White, Hot Springs, Ark. Initiative. They are still for it. They Your Magazine is a timely instructor extended its principles by additional amend- against the nonsense of collectivism and ments adopted by enormous majorities on social ownership. Your reasons are un- LETTERS FROM THE PEOPLE 613 answerable and convincing to all who read does. While this is true, it does not, how- them. I say "nonsense," because the ad- ever, mean that "when bank-notes change vocates of Socialism would turn the world hands gold passes from the credit of the bank back, blot out civilization. to that of the note-holder. What it does mean is the exact reverse, viz, that in return for Afi O-BJECT.LESSOJV FOU US its bank-notes, worth a gold value of 5 Henry B. Ashplant, London, Canada. cents on the dollar, there is transferred to The extent to which popular delusions are the bank a mortgage on real property, or a firmly held and indorsed by well-educated bill payable that has to be satisfied in prod- men is strikingly shown in that most inter- ucts at full value, in gold or its equivalent in esting pamphlet on "Progress or Revolu- labor products, for a sum equal to the face tion" from the virile pen of Goldwin Smith, value of the bank-note, and every 5 percent, much commented on recently by reviewers. bank-note is charged at 1 00 cents against labor On page 27 appears the following remark products by the business man who puts it in criticism of a certain school of fantastic in circulation. If Goldwin Smith and our " money theorists, viz: A paper dollar is not brain-sweated business men once firmly money, but a promissory note, payable by the grip the enormity of the fraud and its influ- bank of issue, at which, when the note changes ence to evolve inevitable conflict between hands, gold passes from the credit of the giver the puzzled brain-worker and the wearied to that of the taker." This belief is no doubt man of brawn and muscle robbed, by con- sincerely held by the venerable education- nivance with this method, of more than 50 ist who thus places on record a statement per cent, of his product, and charging the expressing a delusion which commands crime to his indignant employer, who is popular acceptance to the disadvantage of liable to the bank to redeem his notes payable its victims. Whatever might be true out- at their face value in labor products, there side the Dominion of Canada, here a paper will likely "be more doings" in the sphere dollar is certainly money ; it, however, cer- of "high finance." Little wonder that tainly is not true that a bank-note, issued Canada is fast settling down to the social by a Canadian chartered bank, transfers stratifications with financial lines of demar- gold from the credit of the giver (bank) to cation, common to Europe and the United the credit of the person receiving the bank- States. Why should Canada foster such note. As a matter of fact, verified by our an importation of foreign "finance immoral- chartered banks' published statements ity" and develop its abominable and avoid- (few "business men" understand a bank able fruitage? We in Canada can secure statement when they read it, so that literary "Progress" free from violent "Revolution" men may be pardoned similar weakness), for if we will ; if we, however, proceed on present the right to issue a bank-note the Canadian lines violent revolution will be an inevitable chartered banks transfer 5 cents on the result, for an educated brain will soon guide dollar only of gold security to the people of impassioned brawn and muscle to justified Canada, on a loan basis bearing 3 per cent, abolition of a visible enemy to social welfare. interest. The balance represents confidence Such an enemy among others is the Char- and a transfer of no gold values whatever; tered Bank of Canada, but not more so than the original capital stock of the shareholders, the national banks of the United States are being transferred into gilt-edged securities to our neighbors, or the finance institutions such as Government bonds, is not available of Europe back of the Russian autocracy as gold to transfer to the credit of a bank-note (and other autocracies) are to the Russian holder. Goldwin Smith as a foremost people, who will ultimately free themselves. thinker and educationist evidences the If we in Canada who boast so much do not extent to which most intelligent public men get a pace on the Russian peasant will show are victimized by a popular delusion that Canadians how to secure freedom, while we is the greatest asset of our capitalist system. are busy fastening on our own industrial It is quite true that a bank-note issued by limbs the shackles that both Russia and a Canadian chartered bank has the same Japan give evidence of intention to throw purchasing power in circulation to absorb overboard. a product of labor as a gold dollar possesses

in circulation ; that is why it is so easy to be SPELLING P^EFOP^M deceived. If a citizen gives a "promissory H. Clark, Sodus, N. Y. note " to a chartered bank for, say, an A word regarding spelling reform. accommodation (at par) of $100, and gets The movement's slow progress is due as over the teller's counter $50 in gold, and much to the mistakes of its advocates as to $50 in bank-notes equals $100; or issues the indifference of the public. And it is for his checks against an account for that the purpose of calling attention to their amount, every one of these dollars can chief mistake that this letter is being written. absorb the same volume of labor products That mistake is the attempt to bring into (both brain as well as muscle products) use new characters for sounds not now hav- when they get into circulation; the paper ing characters of their own. This is done on dollar controlling as much of a business the supposition that there must be a sep- man's property assets as the gold dollar arate character for every sound—a sup- —

614 WATSON'S MAGAZINE position not well founded. A little re- Sed ai, "Hwen neer x thouzand qr engxlft flection will show that there has long been In sxdn indiskriminet distrxkshxn, qr, ai in existence a better method of spelling And haf x milyxn homles no here called the digraphic method—which is Dhis rqtn wxrld most blakli iz akxrst." as simple and as phonetic as the character- for-e very-sound method. Manifestly, if two "Hwen heeroz qr az kountles az dhx fleymz; characters can represent three sounds with- Hwen simpathi," sed hee, "haz opend waid jenxrxs hqrts, out confusion, there is a saving of labor for X hxndred milyxn hyuman teachers, pupils, typesetters and type- Ai no dhis wxrld iz infmitli blest." writers. Rqdman Gildxr. Nothing but utter confusion can follow any enlargement of the alphabet, and best "RA.ILWA.y MAIL CLERKS of all no such enlargement is needed. H. M. Messenger, Lakewood, O. and Regularity is the great desideratum Your editorial in August Watson's on the letters that can be fully attained with the 26 Railway Mail Clerk will cheer 12,000 persons in view, I we now possess. With that end at least. You cannot know how your words simple have worked out and here present a in praise of the R. P. C. and for his better well- plan of spelling reform based on our protection will advance our cause against known 26 letters and 12 carefully chosen danger of our work. digraphs. All necessary sounds—38 in Our national organization, the Railway number—are thereby represented and that Mail Association, has agitated this question phonetically and without confusion of any and petitioned and resolved. What good kind. Furthermore, with three, or possibly we have done we don't know, except that the four, exceptions no special liberties have questions of steel cars and adoption of the been taken with the letters. In almost Block Signal System have been kept before every case they will be recognized as rep- the Department at Washington and the resenting their best known sounds. The people of the country as well. We need ex- letters c, q and x are the three principal steel cars. They would do us the most good. ceptions alluded to. It will be seen that the Recently at Burbank, Ohio, the Erie Fast Mail ordinary use of these three letters in such took a tumble down the embankment, the words as sivil, kweer and aks is entirely un- mail car, an all steel one, the first in com- necessary. As it happened that there were mission (and put on as an experiment), three other sounds out in the cold, I arbi- turned over three times and was only trarily assigned them to these letters. scratched and the mail clerks were entirely jar, They are the sound of ch in porch, a in unharmed. This surely was a test. The and u in hut. These words therefore be- baggage car, a wooden affair, was com- come pore, fqr and hxt. Q is also taken to pletely demolished! hate; represent o in not. Ey represents a in It is true that our business is considered ai, i in kite; yu, ew in few: and dh, th in thy. extra hazardous by some companies. All The consonant w being merely the un- the New England companies will write accented sound of 00 in good may properly Postal Clerks. The Union Mutual, Ver- also represent the vowel sound, as e. g.,stwd mont National, State Mutual, Massachusetts for stood. By simple changes like these in Mutual, John Hancock and Connecticut the use of the letters we now have, English Mutual. All these have solicited me for can be spelled phonetically and the ir- endowment and twenty Payment Life and regular spellings which have annoyed and seemed glad to get the business. But note hindered every boy and girl who has ever the exception they make—some of them. studied English may be wholly eliminated. After reading Allen L. Benson's "Good Many words, it is true, would be lengthened Insurance and Bad" in July Watson's, I under this plan, but the total number of decided to add term insurance to what I had letters employed would be lessened as will be Accordingly, I sent postals to ten companies seen in the following beautiful poem taken having agencies in Cleveland. from the Outlook. Instead of 437 letters The State Mutual, Phoenix Mutual and there are now 408, a reduction of over 6 per Washington Life said they did not issue term cent. The reduction in the average English policies to Postal Clerks. The Massa- discourse would be less than that—perhaps chusetts Mutual, Northwestern Mutual, only about 2 per cent. Study what I have New York Life and Equitable, of New York, said above and see if you can read this poem. did not respond at all. The Connecticut It illustrates, I believe, a sane mode of Mutual did not answer for ten days. So amended spelling which both young and old out of the bunch just three would talk busi- would readily learn to read. ness at all. Those that responded, but would not write term insurance, were more ST. FRANSIS AT SAN FRANSISKO than willing to sell me Endowment or Ai met old leen St. Fransis in x dreem Straight Life. Weyding nee-deep thru dhi ashez xv The John Hancock agent assured me his Dhx solz dhat hee wqz helping xp tu hevn company would accept me, but when my Wxr bxrnt awr rxng out xv dhx raidhing medical test was sent in they refused the flesh. application because my mother died four ' —

LETTERS FROM THE PEOPLE 615

years after my birth, and they weren't sure So, to cut my story short, for the sensible but I might get consumption—some time! development and maintenance of our I've always felt they would not have been so splendid country, we must have more money, fearful if I had applied for a "Gold Brick" as much as all the people need. Remove policy. double interest possibilities, repeal special The Mutual, of New York, offered a seven- privilege laws, remove double taxation, teen year deferred dividend policy, which I notably that on realty sold and not therefor, would not have at all. cut down official salaries to a living only So all that was left me was the National while in office, penitentiary insurance Life, of Vermont. They offered me a ten- officers taking in any manner more of a year, non-participating, non-renewable pol- salary than $2,000 per year and legitimate icy for $12.09 a thousand, which I accepted traveling expenses, take over the public gladly. utilities to the Government and guard their The Provident Life and Trust and Penn- honest care by plain laws quick to ad- sylvania Mutual would not accept me at all. minister punishment of dishonesty, and do The Union Central charges 20 per cent. away with all combines whether of money more. or labor under severe penalties, maintain So I found that nearly all the companies all humanitarian organizations and remind would write Postal Clerks for expensive in- the people continually that we are fully surance, but did not care to do business on a 3,000 years behind our privileges and that term basis. it is by their thoughtlessness, cunningness, dishonesty and ignorance that this great slaveholding clan are enabled to hold on to LET THE VEOVLE A.WA.K.E their power which greatly impedes hu- manity's onward, upward, God-given right y. S. Stewart, Gratis, O. of a higher civilization. For fully thirty years I have spent time Yours for the swift success of right. and money trying to get the people to see their own and possess it. Voted for Watson in '96 and did a lot of work. Threw home office aside trying to secure for the masses TOTUL1SM THE "REMEHy their rights. Organized in this county (Pueblo) number 45 of the Farmers' Alliance W. L. Hays, Sterling, Col. and have seen the people blindly turn their I write this to say that I am in hearty backs on their real friends, accepting in sympathy with your work and have supported their stead worse than gamblers for gain the party since its formation in '92 until the August Belmont, John Sherman, Ernest last Presidential campaign when I voted for Seyd & Co. Today it is the railroads, Parker on the Philippine question. I re- Standard Oil, coal mines, etc. gard the holding of those people as subjects I am 63 years old (and would like to see to our authority and our domination as a the changes 37 more would make) and, of national crime and as a renunciation of the course, recollect well the leaps and bounds principles of our Government ; and the more of business among men of small means from apathy the public conscience shows on the the close of our unhappy strife until the subject the more the enormity of the crime reinstatement of the blacks, together with looms up before my vision. the enslavement of the whites, in 1873. I I feel like approving President Roosevelt witnessed again the tightening of the chains in his tinkering at reform ; but the best thing in 1893 and the effect of the calculating, he ever proposed was a mere makeshift and, cold-blooded dealers in human life and have if ever so successful, all the good it would do noticed their blighting effects on the prog- would be merely temporary and would finally ress of mankind, which will continue to leave the public utilities corporations more retard the progress of and blacken with the firmly entrenched. I apprehend that after clouds of their hell the efforts of unborn trying every expedient that can be proposed generations. by any member or members of that party, I cut clear of the so-called Democratic they will finally come to see what the Party when Grover was nominated the People's Party saw in 1892, and conclude second time, as it was then plainly given like sensible people that the only way for out by him that the party favored the con- the public to protect themselves is for the traction of our currency, which was only public to do its own work and own its own another way of saying, "Damn the people," property. Public ownership of public util- or "Huh, one-half the people can be hired ities, the initiative and referendum and the any time to shoot the other half, " along imperative mandate adopted as the funda- which line the slaveowners are yet acting mentals of our Government is where they and always will, if they can hoodwink the will all land after a while ; but in the mean- people in the future as successfully as they while our really great men must put in their have during my life. time educating the people, while schoolboy No sane and honest man will say we have statesmen like Roosevelt and politicians and enough money to develop and carry on our corporate tools like Aldrich and Depew run industries as we should and would if we had. the Government. .

TTiomasly/W&faon

[Note. —Reviews are by Mr. Watson unless of the average man the Board has not been otherwise signed.] guilty as charged in this book. Listen to this paragraph from page 116: "The Bible, the Baptists and the Board "Down in Texas they (the Baptists), had a great convention; they prayed for the Spirit System." By J. A. Scarboro. Price and announced His presence ; then they one dollar. J. A. Scarboro, publisher, Fulton, Kan. turned to and, in violation of the constitu- Religious books are sometimes considered tion, unseated a representative of an as- dull by those who are hard to please. There sociation, libeled him in doing it, and then are some unreasonable people who would changed the constitution to fit the action. rather split rails than to wade through They turned him out because he continued to Mosheim's "Ecclesiastical History," or Bax- criticize extravagant salaries, nepotisms and ter's "Saint's Rest," or Taylor's "Call to the sham reports." Unconverted." Fortunately, however, the If these charges are true, then some re- is for number of readers thus hard to please is form work necessary the good of the comparatively few. Most of us appreciate denomination and of the Christian world. ecclesiastical literature very highly, and I If, on the other hand, the charges are false, remember with vivid distinctness the im- they should be refuted in order that heredi- pressions which as a boy were made [upon tary Baptists, like myself, should not have my plastic mind by Parson Brownlow's their minds disturbed and their reflection "Great Iron Wheel Examined." "The Iron disordered by statements of that character. Wheel" was written by the great Baptist Consider this statement which I find on page 132: " Just as Catholic Bishops peremp- divine, Elder J. R. Graves, but I never torily dismiss pastors and missionaries, so the read it. Brownlow's Examination of Graves's book was so exceedingly comprehensive in Baptist Mission Boards dismiss mission- aries." If that statement is true it will give its nature that the reader felt content to stop a painful shock to every member of the where Brownlow left off. great Baptist denomination. If the state- The book whose title heads this review is is should the most interesting religious work which has ment not true, there be a refuta- tion which will carry conviction throughout come into my hands in many a long day. land. In VII of the book The manner in which Brother A. Scarboro the Chapter J. Brother Scarboro gives a narrative of the "goes after" other Baptist brethren is re- in which the Board has treated freshing in the highest degree. The facts manner A. Diaz, an Apostle of Cuba. This set forth in this book are important. The Rev. J. was an eye-opener to me, as it will purpose of Brother Scarboro was to expose chapter all read it. the methods of the convention Board system be to who of Foreign Missionaries. To say that his In Chapter VIII there is an account of the attack is direct, his statements positive, and manner in which the Board has treated Rev. his arraignments powerful, is to put the case J. S. Murrow, the great Missionary, whose with great moderation. The general im- lifelong work has been productive of such Eression made upon the mind of the reader glorious results in the Indian Territory. y the evidence which Brother Scarboro In that connection, the reader must par- has accumulated is this: That the Board don me for relating an experience out of my which controls Foreign Missionaries is in own life. In the year 1874, at the close of danger of going the road which all close cor- the sophomore term in Mercer University, porations have traveled. Our poor human I was adrift in the world, and was looking nature is just so constituted that no set of around to find work to do. Having sold at men can be intrusted with too much power. auction a few books in the City of Augusta, In such cases selfishness, tyranny, favor- I had gone down to Lawtonville, in the itism and corruption will develop. If the County of Burke, where the Baptists were tens of thousands of individual Christians holding an Association. At this gathering whose contributions from year to year sup- of the people I hoped, by making diligent port foreign missions should read this book inquiry, to learn of some neighborhood there is no doubt whatever that the golden where I might open a country school to stream would be shut off until some ex- teach the children during the day, while I planation is given which satisfies the mind studied law at night. I remember that it 616 BOOKS 617

was the glorious Indian summer-time of the volume originally appeared. He is fortunate year, but I recall no incident more vividly in having a translator who knows something than that of a Baptist missionary who was more than mere turning of French sentences in attendance upon the Association. As an into English. The translator's introduc- illustration of what could be done by faith- tion, covering 88 pages, gives a more com- ful work among the red men of the West, prehensive view of Socialism than the he had brought with him to Georgia an Jaures essays themselves. Indian chief, who had been converted to "Although Socialists differ upon many Christianity under his ministrations, and points," says the translator, "they all agree who himself become a Minister had of the upon the following main definition : Gospel. Thirty-two years have passed and "Socialism is the doctrine that the means gone since then, but with absolute clearness of production (that is, capital, land and I recall the earnest, honest, intelligent face raw materials, or, in other words, all wealth of the white missionary, and the labored which is used for the creation of more speech, in broken English, of the Indian wealth) should not be owned by individuals, chief as he struggled to address his white but by society." brethren. The name of this devoted mission- On the question of distribution, the trans- ary was J. S. Murrow. I now learn, with lator says: "The Socialists do not hope to profound pain, that this Soldier of the Cross, distribute wealth equally among all the who for nearly forty years has devotedly workers, or on the basis of the needs of the borne the banner of Christ among the red different individuals. What they do hope men of the Indian Territory, has been sub- to do is to distribute it in such a way that jected to heartbreaking humiliation by a men will be rewarded as nearly as possible Convention Board, sitting in Atlanta, Ga., in proportion to the services they perform." and evidently puffed up to the bursting Equality of distribution without regard to point with the supreme importance of its services rendered would mean Communism, own "brief authority." although some Communists hold to the Chapter IX is head-lined like this, motto, 'From each according to his ability, "Convention Board System guilty of Con- to each according to his needs.' spiracy.—Libeling a Baptist Preacher and "There is also a division of opinion among Editor who Plead for Reform and Exposed the Socialists," continues the translator, Evils.— Violating Constitutional Rights.— "as to the administrative organization which Trial and Conviction Without Evidence.— is to manage the collectively owned wealth. Crushing the Disturber." Some believe that the ownership of the means It has been the custom of this Magazine of production should be vested in the to take no part in religious controversies. nation and administered by a trained will That rule not be departed from, but as a bureaucracy ; others have the ideal of a less hereditary Baptist and a warm sympathizer centralized politico-economic system, under with those who are engaged in good work which the commune or township would be in every field, I earnestly call the attention the principal owner and employer of labor; of the Baptist denomination to the arraign- others imagine associations of producers, ment of the Board system made by the Rev. each group owning and controlling the plant A. J. Scarboro. at which it works itself ; while still others think that the future society will be a com- bination of all these forms, some property Studies in Socialism. By Jean Jaures; being vested in the nation, some in local with translator's introduction by Mil- government bodies, and some in the organ- dred Minturn. G. P. Putnam's Sons, ized trades." New York and London. In passing, it may not be amiss to quote A book calculated to arouse considerable Edward Bellamy's opinion on this point ire among those dogmatists who, as Bernard ("Equality"; Appleton, 1897): Shaw declares, believe in the "antiquated" "Do I understand" (asked Julian) "that ideas of Karl Marx. And one sure to make the workers in each trade regulate for them- a favorable impression in the ranks of those selves the conditions of their particular who, intelligently or otherwise, oppose occupation ? Socialism. Jaures himself is an Opportunist "By no means " (answered the superin- or Reformist in method and believes in tendent). "The unitary character of our getting all he can as fast as he can along industrial administration is the vital idea the line of reform, never, however, losing of it, without which it would instantly sight of the ultimate aim of Socialism : The become impracticable. If the members of collective ownership of the means of produc- each trade controlled its conditions they tion and democratic operation and manage- would presently be tempted to conduct it ment by the workers. selfishly and adversely to the general interest Jean Jaures, a successful bourgeois (when of the community, seeking, as your private shall we see the proletarian movement capitalists did, to get as much and give as headed by proletarians?), is a member of the little as possible. And not only would French Chamber of Deputies and also every distinctive class of workers be tempted editor of a Socialist daily paper, "L'Human- to act in this manner, but every subdivision ite," in which the "studies" in the present of workers in the same trade would presently 618 WATSON'S MAGAZINE be pursuing the same policy, until the whole bourgeoisie, but by the growth of the pro- industrial system would become disinte- letariat, that the Communist order will grated, and we should have to call the capi- gradually install itself in our society. Who- talists from their graves to save us. The ever accepts these truths, which have now regulation and mutual adjustment of the become necessary, will soon understand the conditions of the several branches of the precise and certain methods of social trans- industrial system are wholly done by the formation and progressive organization general government."— pp. 55-56. which they entail. Those who do not com- ' ' ' But such discussions, ' says Jaures's trans- pletely accept them and those who do not lator, "have, after all, an interest which is take the decisive result of the proletarian chiefly academic; they cannot become of movements of a century very seriously; practical moment for many years." those who revert to the Communist Mani- The "pressing practical question" which festo so obviously superannuated by the Miss Minturn sees "that touches Socialists course of events, or who mix remnants of very closely and divides them very bitter- old thought that no longer contain any ly," is the Method—the steps Socialists truth with the direct and true thoughts should take to establish Socialism. "Upon suggested by present reality, all such Social- the question of Method, as it is called, ists condemn themselves to a life of chaos." European Socialists are separated into two C. Q. D. schools; the one, followers of the great militant, Karl Marx, are called Revolution- The Cities of Spain. By Edward Hutton. ists, Marxists, or Orthodox; the other, With 24 illustrations in color, by A. Opportunists, Reformists, Revisionists, Fa- Wallace Rimington, A. R. E., R. B. A., bians." Here in America these schools are and 20 other illustrations. The Mac- represented by the Marxist Socialist Labor millan Company, New York.

Party, with Daniel De Leon at its head ; and A book of charms and irritations. The the Opportunist Socialist or Social Demo- writer's faults are so many and so flagrant cratic Party, headed by Eugene V. Debs. that they would condemn him utterly were Substantially all the American Socialists are it not for his many excellences. A felicity of the Opportunist school. and delicacy of expression, a soul that feels "The Revolutionary Socialists do not deeply and vividly, an interesting person- necessarily believe in the use of force to ality, a familiarity with the art of many obtain their ends. Indeed, as Jaures points lands that adds much to his presentations, out, the partisans of the General Strike are a rather unusual breadth and individuality the only ones who hope to win by other than of view—these, in spite of extravagances and legal political methods. But what they do failures, not only raise the volume decidedly believe in is the possibility of establishing out of the ordinary, but make it altogether the Socialist system in its entirety, after they worth while for certain moods and certain shall have obtained political power"— a sort temperaments. of birth, like the hatching of a chick from an In his conclusion the author writes: ". egg, as distinguished from the continued . .In this book, as ever, I have only growth of a tree. ventured to speak of myself, of myself if you

"The Reformists, on the other hand, will, apropos of Spain. . . . It is the art think that the coming change is too complex of Literature that I practice, and by my to be instituted as a whole. Their ultimate achievement or failure in this art I am to be ideal is the collective ownership of capital, judged." Behold in these few words the but they believe that they can best reach book and the man. Nay, behold them both that ideal by introducing reforms gradually in the single letter of a single word, for it is as the strength of their party and economic indeed "Literature," not literature, that the conditions admit, instead of hoping to apply man practices in this, his book. Not as an a cast-iron dogmatic system as a unit." adequate illustration of the distinction be- Only a passing glance can be given to tween the two, yet as throwing a tiny ray of M. Jaures's chapters, "The Socialist Aim," light, it might be suggested that his use of "Socialism and Life," "The Radicals and "only" in the quotation above, while it may Private Property," "Rough Outlines," be allowable under the inevitable license of "After Fifty Years," "Revolutionary Ma- "Literature," is hardly sanctioned by the jorities," etc. His style is pleasing, clear, usages of the word as spelled without a cap- convincing. In defending his Opportunism ital. A small matter, truly, and not in it- he, in the chapter "The Question of Method," self worthy of mention, yet— illuminative. ridicules the idea that the proletariat will His request, nay, his demand, that acquire power suddenly because capitalism what he has written shall be judged not as a cannot longer maintain itself. book of travel sketches, but as an exposition "It is not," says M. Jaures, "by an un- of himself in which "facts" concerning expected counter-stroke of political agita- Spain are "not to become of too much im- tion that the proletariat will gain supreme portance," is eminently right and just. Yet power, but by the methodical and legal it is hard to forego the whimsy of wondering organization of its own forces under the law what Maupassant, ardent advocate of this of the democracy and universal suffrage. same canon of criticism, that the writer is to It is not by the collapse of the capitalistic be judged solely according to his intention, BOOKS 619

would have felt after reading these three acterizes Spain. There is, too, monotony hundred pages done into honeyed purple even in his feelings, and his proclivity for with a faint suggestion of yellow back- rhapsodies on the desert, the "large few ground. stars," the hour after sunset, etc., etc., be- The trouble, it would seem, lies in the comes wearisome. author's having set forth his emotional im- In his opinions, Mr. Hutton is most de- pressions in prose rather than poetry. It cided, which is both good and bad. That his would have been better to put into verse judgments may at times be hasty or based even his philosophy and didactics than to on too slight foundation will now and then compel the medium of prose to convey the occur to the reader. For example, his in- outpourings of his heart and the riot of his tense dislike for Americans suggests that senses. though a certain type of our tourist abroad As either prose or poetry it must prove deserves all that can be said against him, too great a demand upon the reader's re- this type is not the universal one, not even sponsiveness. First and worst, there is no of those Americans who do not stay at home, relief, no light and shade. Bits of it are ex- and that the other types, either in strange quisite and the description of his disagree- lands or on their native heaths, are likely to able railway journey in the beginning might be overlooked exactly because they take care be termed even masterly, but as one reads not to make themselves prominent. It re- on, emotions and sensibilities, even the most calls that other Englishman with similar unused, are called upon again and again so opinions none too courteously expressed that the effect, though at first renovating, to whom it was finally suggested that he had pleasurable and almost inspiring, soon be- perhaps been unfortunate in his letters of comes bewildering, fatiguing and fruitless. introduction. Again, the author's attitude To him Nature and every inanimate object toward the Spanish bull-fight, while one is vividly personified ; the impressions of one of the broadest and most thoughtful we have sense are to be expressed thoroughly only by encountered, is weakened by the fact, a weak- translation into terms of another; all the ness in this case frankly confessed, that he world is but an extravagant expression or is constitutionally incapable of appreciating reflection of human emotion. We can bear "sport" in any form. It is also something with him through the "passionate flight of of an index to the man himself. arches," the "unlimited desire of its height," Those more interested in the subject- a city's "hands lifted in prayer," "lucid matter than in the style will, of course, find streets," buildings "like thoughtful prayers, a Spain as seen by another, not as they have perfectly expressive, or like the immense seen or would see it. Whether or not one is laughter of youth, or like the gorgeous un- dependent solely upon Mr. Hutton 's im- fulfilled boasts of a young man," and hun- pressions for one's own concepts, the book, dreds and hundreds of similar descriptions, despite its extravagances, should be a pro- according to our particular abilities, for nounced help toward a full understanding of nearly every one of these might, alone, be the Land of the Dons. The architect, es-

excellent I in its proper place. Unhappily, pecially if he has himself covered the ground, they only too often are not in their proper and, in lesser degree, the lover of art, will places and in the awful aggregate are both find much both to dispute and to enjoy. overwhelming and futile. The writer lacks A. S. H. the sense of proportion, without which there can be neither true Literature nor true The Land of Pardons. By Anatole le literature, Art nor art. It is well enough to Braz. Translated by Frances M. Gost- enjoy the grapes of a locality, but if one de- ling. With 12 illustrations in color by. scribes them as "grapes more precious than T. C. Gotch and 40 other illustrations. uncut stones" there is likely to be some The Macmillan Company, New York. difficulty when one wishes to pay propor- This altogether delightful book on the tionate tribute to something really stupen- famous and picturesque religious festivals dous in architecture or to the very soul of a of the people of Brittany, written as it is by people. Needless to say that, lacking a one who is both Breton and artist, will not sense of proportion, he is utterly devoid of only completely win the hearts of those who any sense of humor, without which there have seen Brittany, but should charm even can be no—well, many things. the veriest stranger. For it is not only the The natural results of this lavishness are Pardons themselves that form its contents, repetition of epithet and a groping after but the customs, legends, history, the very terms of even more fulsome praise or more soul of that unique branch of the Celtic complete damnation. When Don Quixote, peoples which has held so bravely, so tena- and, later, Shakespeare's Miranda, is spoken ciously, to its traditions and racial integrity of as "my dear darling" the feeling aroused that even today the strenuous efforts of the is something akin to nausea. The imagery is French Government to Gallicize the Bretons often drunken, at times even Bacchanalian, have made but comparatively small headway with an undercurrent of sensual unhealthi- against their stubborn resistance. True, ness now and then coming unpleasantly near the French language is gradually spreading the surface. His style certainly has nothing throughout "Armorica," and since Anne of of the ascetic dignity with which he char- Brittany's marriage to the French king the : :

620 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

Breton's sturdy and hereditary independence hawthorn hedge, and with the mystical atmos- has been gradually weakening, the educative phere perfumed by incense. at last he grows old, it is methods of modern civilization conquering When to his Pardon that he comes to watch the joy of the young, and more surely than the mere brute-force of ages to taste, before leaving this world, that short rest past, but still it is the Breton tongue that which the good genius of the place, the tutelary opens all doors, it is the Bretons who most saint of his clan, has prepared for him vigorously champion the Church against The volume is devoted to five typical as in times of the Vended the State (just the noted Pardons—the Pardon of the Poor of the Royalist they were the last upholders (Saint Yves), at Minihy; of the Singers, at cause and as in antiquity they clung most Rumengol; of Fire (Saint Jean-du-Doight), firmly to the old Druid worship), still they at Traoun-Meriadek ; of the Mountain (Saint costumes, the hold to the old ways, the old Ronan), at Loeronan; of the Sea (Sainte pitiable magnificent old beliefs, a people and Anne de la Palude), at La Palude. in their loyalty and their patient, ever- Everywhere are interwoven the fascinat- enduring hope. ing old Celtic legends, harking back to the To those who have themselves witnessed times when the Druids held sway, and em- of the almost numberless Pardons and some bodying the soul of a people. It is a book may feel more or less familiar with the coun- of fairy-tales for grown-ups as well as a con- will try this love-labor of M. Anatole le Braz tribution of more solid worth. prove a tremendous surprise. They will The illustrations are excellently chosen and find they have seen only from afar, and that —rare thing!—some of the colored ones, in have not begun to comprehend. that they addition to being true to life in their lines his quoting from In preface the author, and unusually happy in effect, reproduce Le Goffic, sets before us this idea of the the colors of the originals. The index at Pardon: Breton the end is a most commendable addition. They have remained unchanged for over two A. S. H. hundred years, and nowhere else will you find anything so deliciously obsolete. They have no resemblance to other festivals. They are not Cities of Northern Italy. By Grant Allen pretexts for feasting, like the " Flemmis Ker- and George C. Williamson. In two vol- messes," neither are they revels like the Paris umes. Illustrated. L. C. Page & fairs. No! their attraction comes from a higher Company, Boston. source. They are the last vestiges of the ancient Those who have been wise and fortunate Feasts of the'Dead, and there is little laughter in enough to travel in Europe with one of them, though much prayer. . . . Grant Allen's former books as guide and Speaking in his own person educator will need no more than the above Only toward evening, when Vespers are over, announcement to send them in quest of do the festivities begin. And what simple pleas- the present volumes. Grant Allen, by a ures they are; how innocent, how primitive! The rare combination of literary excellence and good folk flock together in the shade of the walnut common sense, stands out as a pioneer trees, on the greensward, beneath the spreading among those who write of the cities of elms. And there, under the eyes of the girls, for benefit of tourists. seated demurely on the surrounding slopes, the Europe the To youths challenge one another to wrestle, to race, those who can never have the privilege of to jump with the long pole, while the old men look travel his books will not only perhaps on and applaud. Last of all the dance unfolds come nearer being a substitute than any its mystic circles, serious yet lively, with an in- others, but will in any event prove a de- describable harmony and simplicity in its rhythm, lightful as well as an unusually instructive that reminds one of its sacred origin. pastime. The home-goings in the dusk are exquisite. One is reluctant to apply the term Again "guide-book" to books so admirable in conception, purpose, structure and culture, never understand what an important One can and, though in the last analysis they must position the Pardon of his parish or district occu- be so classed, they are guide-books only pies in the mind of the Breton, unless one is born of and stand of the race and has known the legends from child- in the highest sense the word hood. apart. The purpose, as set forth in the As a little one he is led to the Pardon in his beau- introduction to the "Cities of Northern tiful best clothes, and the old folks seem like Italy," is not to direct the traveler through fairies who bathe his face in the fountain, so that the streets of an unknown town or to give the power of the sacred water may be to him as a information about cab-fares and hotels, of diamond armor. suit but "to supply the tourist who wishes to Grown a youth, it is here that he ties the knot his of culture with of friendship with some pretty one, beside whom, use travel as a means not so very long ago, he sat, a mere child, at such historical and antiquarian information catechism. Lately she has increased in grace as as will enable him to understand, and he in vigor, and now he engages himself to her, therefore to enjoy, the architecture, sculp- giving himself over entirely, without set phrases, ture, painting and minor arts of the towns hands, in a look. in a furtive clasping of he visits." All the dearest and most sacred emotions of his There is a glorious absence of the "tech- life are connected with this poor house of prayer, dialect of the with the mossy inclosure planted with elms or nique of the studios and the beeches with the narrow horizon bounded by a modeling-room." "What I aim at is —

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rather to expound the history and meaning Mr. Miltoun's books have already won of each work, to put the intelligent reader their place with the millions of Americans in such a position that he may judge for interested in anything that deals with the himself of the esthetic beauty and success rich store of knowledge, culture and charm of the object before him." Ordinarily to be drawn from the old countries of the writer who discourses on works of art Europe, and this latest addition to the either slavishly repeats the dicta of eminent series will find immediate favor. The idea authorities or, if he ventures at all upon of opening with a general survey of the originality, too often bases everything upon territory is most commendable, and affords the ridiculous hypothesis that art is a thing the reader opportunity to assign proper detached from the world whose expression values and proportions to material that it is. How refreshing the point of view would, without some similar device, natu- that beholds works of art, not as the prod- rally be difficult of intelligent and thorough ucts of this or that artist, but as "material absorption. The book itself is delightful and, embodiments of the spirit of the age one might say, comfortable. For there is crystallizations, as it were, in stone and no breathless rushing from place to place, bronze, in form and color, of great popular and no habit of dreary pauses for cloying enthusiasms!" rhapsodies that defeat their own end. Per- Grant Allen died before he could com- haps there is for many a trifle too much plete the present book, but he had advanced dwelling upon architectural aspects, but far enough for his friend, Mr. Williamson, surely there is excuse for that, when the who had to some extent worked with him subject-matter is the chateaux of the Loire. and was familiar with his purposes, to There is, moreover, ample measure of finish the work from his copious notes. No history and legend of the customs and small credit is due Mr. Williamson, for, character of the people, of the appeals of the though one may at times find fault with country itself and of all else that goes to his use of English, it must be remembered make the Loire-country a Mecca for the that it is one thing to write one's own book, traveler. Best of all the author and the and quite another to write another man's. artist have their heart in their work, "and The first volume is devoted to Milan the heart giveth grace unto every art."

alone ; the second to Verona, where is the Those who have visited the "Chateaux finest brick architecture in Italy; Padua, country" will find the pleasure and profit which represents Giotto's best; Ravenna, of their journeyings immeasurably in- famous for its mosaics, and Bologna, redo- creased by a ramble through Mr. Miltoun's lent of Francia. One is almost tempted to pages; those who have this land of heart's say that the traveler in Italy "cannot desire still before them will make the afford to be without it," and everyone, reality the more delightful by the reading, whether traveler or stay-at-home, would and that multitude who cannot hope will, be the better for reading it, for "Italy is the since it is a substitute or nothing, find in schoolroom of the world, " or, as it is less this book a most happy one. kindly said in a recent article by Henry The illustrations, many of them in color, Dwight Sedgwick, on "The Novels of Mrs. are charming, and the numerous maps and Wharton," it is "the country where human- diagrams form a valuable contribution to ism, culture, art, may most rapidly be the general worth of the book. got up." And surely Italy, as here repre- A. S. H. sented, makes good these claims. In cover, typography and general appear- The Undying Past. Novel. ance the two volumes are exceptionally A Herman Sudermann. Translated by pleasing, and the illustrations are both Beatrice Marshall. Lane Co., numerous and excellent. John New York. Herman Sudermann, the famous German A. S. H. dramatist, is not familiar to Americans as a writer of novels. We have learned that the Castles and Chateaux of Old Touraine and original of this book, "Es War, " was written the Loire Country. By Francis Miltoun. long before the stage successes that have With many illustrations reproduced made him known throughout the civilized from paintings made on the spot by world. Sudermann withheld the book from Blanche McManus. L. C. Page & publication for ten years after he had written Company, Boston. it. A whole generation of our "novelists" "This book is not the result of ordinary rise and fall forgotten in that period. conventional rambles, of sightseeing by day As one goes through the pages of "The and flying by night, but rather of leisurely Undying Past" further comparisons occur wanderings, for a somewhat extended period, to the reader. He realizes that he is reading along the banks of the Loire and its tribu- a novel, not a hodge-podge of "thrilling taries and through the countryside dotted incident," "vivid characterization," "breath- with those splendid monuments of Renais- less suspense," "unusual plot"—and all the sance architecture which have perhaps a other stale ingredients noted in a compli- more appealing interest for strangers than mentary sense, by sophomore critics, anxious any other similar edifices wherever found." to have quoted in advertisements their say 622 WATSON'S MAGAZINE about the latest best seller. Also, we venture The Bitter Cry of the Children. By John to say that the average reader of new books Spargo. The Macmillan Company, New will find himself enjoying one of the lost York. pleasures of reading, for the simple reason Robert Hunter, author of "Poverty," that "The Undying Past" is actually a writes an introduction to Mr. Spargo 's book, novel—not a great novel, but one of force in which he says he counts himself "fortu- and distinction. nate in having had a hand in bringing this R. D. remarkable and invaluable volume into ex- istence." Then Mr. Hunter explains how it Lady Baltimore. By Owen Wister. With happened. illustrations by Vernon Howe Bailey Undeniably "The Bitter Cry of the and Lester Ralph. The Macmillan Children" is a remarkable book, and one Company, New York. that should be read by the every day man as well "Lady Baltimore" is so far superior to and woman as by those that make social is "The Virginian" that through it Mr. Wister conditions their study. Mr. Spargo steps into a new rank among writers of wrought up about the condition of the work- English and American readers. His former ing child, and, in general, about the condi- success proved a "best seller" and may rep- tion of the children of the poor. At times resent one phase of our country's many his feeling is perhaps too evident for effec- phases, idealized to a most considerable tiveness of argument ; but there is no escape degree, but "Lady Baltimore," while it from the mass and variety of statistics on idealizes less, is yet infinitely more delicate which he founds his plea for reform. and sympathetic, and presents so much The agitation against the inhumanity of broader a view of the elements composing child labor is now under way and, though its our national life that some enthusiastic progress may seem slow, nothing can stop it. critics have gone to the extent of proclaiming On the other hand so painstaking and heart- reaching as Bitter of it the long-heralded "American novel." a study "The Cry the Not that, perhaps, but a book that does hold Children" is certain to make more insistent up to view many of the problems, sympa- the underlying need for this particular and thies, opinions and interests of present Amer- most vital reform. ica and, as a piece of fiction, claims in the R. D. highest degree that much-abused adjective "charming." Especially does it claim emi- The House of Cobwebs. By George Giss- nence as a just and sympathetic picture of the ing. To which is prefixed The Work South, made more forcible by the constant of George Gissing, An Introductory juxtaposition of the Northern point of view. Survey by Thomas Seccombe. E. P. It is American to the. core and its tone is Dutton & Company, New York. pleasantly optimistic with unshakable faith In each of these fifteen stories is the sound in our country's fair future. of Gissing's dominant note—money. In In it there are lessons for the North, the nearly all of them it is the dominant note of best the South contains being portrayed by the story itself; in all, its powers as a factor loving hands, and other lessons for the South, in life are reflected from the author's own which may well benefit by the contrast of the bitter struggle against poverty. It would North's gentle blood and better feelings with seem that he could nowhere catch a glimpse the nouveau riche and the vulgarity and of the world except through the muddy narrowness that too often lead the Southern- glass of coin of the realm— a point of view er to believe that he has neither friend nor easily maintained, since civilization were understanding and appreciative countrymen impossible without its medium of exchange, on the other side of Mason and Dixon's and altogether justified, since he could write Line. For both North and South there is his truth in no other way. It is, further- the lesson of a common interest in a common more, within certain bounds, a far more country. severe arraignment of present conditions There may at times be a slight super- than any direct attack could hope to be. abundance of letters and discussion, con- There is both pain and shame in seeing how sidering it as merely a story, but the interest the bodies, minds and souls of naen and cannot flag and he who begins will finish. women must find destiny in jingling bits Mr. Wister 's hand is sure, his purpose high of metal, and Gissing does not show us that and never obtrusive, his humor true and other and occasional picture of man rising delicate, his atmosphere delicious and his superior to circumstance, glorified, not discrimination exquisite. The love-story stunted or besmirched, by the conflict. It moves surely and gently to a natural ending, was not his own experience, for though, in and every character in the book stands out, a way, he triumphed, it is hard to agree not only a living person, but one whom there with Mr. Seccombe in his introductory is both profit and pleasure in knowing. survey that the man's work did not suffer Nowhere is there awkwardness, nowhere a from an existence ceaselessly cramped and jarring note. For once a "popular" book tortured by poverty. There was that in deserves its popularity—and more. Gissing which would have found artistic ex- A. S. H. pression in spite of anything short of phys- —; ?

BOOKS 623 ical impossibilities. His want concentrated feeling of incompleteness. They more often him almost entirely upon one limited field than not impress one as fragments from is it lends itself more readily to belief that, longer works. There no plot among these even allowing for his classical bent, freedom that could satisfy merely in its action and of circumstance would rather have given all at first glance suggest a study or charac- him a wider choice of material than it would ter sketch rather than a trim and tidy short have rendered him diffuse or futile. As his story. The incident, phase or step of actual life shaped him for the one thing, so character development may be in a way would kindlier circumstances have shaped insignificant, and the structure is generally him to some other which would have had built with an eye to the material itself also the advantage of being his own choice rather than to an iron-clad adherence to and so have been, in the last analysis, prob- rule, but it is none the less there and it may ably a truer and more adequate expression be that the form of the true short story is of himself. It may be said that he has a approximated more closely than in many broad outlook, yet it is from only one window tales that meet both popular and carelessly of a tower that he looks out upon the world formulated artistic requirements. upon the other windows he turns his back. There is too much strength in the material It may even be claimed with some justice and too much felicity and finish in the style that the intense feeling resulting from his for one to pause long over a question of life's limitations rendered him something mold, and one is likely to read this book of a partisan in the field he made his own. with an avidity creditable to the most In most of the stories of the present formally perfect productions. In vital volume the essential impression common to knowledge of most of his material, in his all is the deforming influence of the lack of repression and compression, his exquisite money, or the desire for it, upon natures of nicety of word and in his ability to present a finer mold and latent possibilities. It is living characters and realized situations and seldom physical suffering that is emphasized, conditions, there is that which, while it except as a side issue, but one stares at the cannot raise George Gissing to a level with anguish of refinement chained to the vulgar, the few best, insures him a place far above of better things crushed under an unliftable the multitude. weight of sordidness, of souls twisted awry A. S. H. by the screw of want. In "The Pig and Whistle" this note is almost absent, yet Gabriel and the Hour Book. By Evaleen it is a considered, though not a considerable, Stein. L. C. Page & Company, Boston. factor. In "Miss Rodney's Leisure" it is In this instance a monkish legend is used only as part of the accompaniment. sounded as the background for a sweet and plaintive In "A Lodger in Maze Pond " and "The " child's book. "In those days— it was four Riding Whip it is more pronounced, hundred years ago printed books were only a sub-motif. Less in — though audible very few, and almost unknown to most " Humblebee ," it is none the less a keynote. people, for printing presses had been in- In the others it makes itself heard above all vented only a few years, and so by far the the harmonies and discords. greater number of books in the world were Mr. Seccombe's excellent introductory made by the patient labor of skilful hands; survey of Gissing and his work leaves little the work usually being done by the monks, to be said except where one may venture to of whom there were very many at that time." differ slightly in opinion. It is difficult to So the chronicler indicates his theme and agree that Gissing shows no sense of humor. the period, then proceeding to tell a story While it is nowhere prominent and always that ought to please and inform youthful merely one of the sidelights he turns upon minds. The illustrator has not caught the his material, it is nevertheless frequently atmosphere of the period as well as the discoverable, generally with flavor of a writer has. Adelaide Everhart's color pic- acidity. Gissing had too clear a perception tures have the medieval air, if a cigar-box of the proportion of life to be entirely picture has it. If not lacking — in this quality. R. D. He has been denied the dramatic quality; certainly there is nothing of the melodra- matic. May it not be that the dramatic is Pipes of Pan. By Bliss Carman. L. C. Page only relentlessly repressed? At least there & Company, Boston, Mass. is furnished constant incentive for the In this volume are grouped the following: reader to supply the dramatic. Perhaps "From the Book of Myths"; "From the this is the better accomplishment of the Green Book of the Bards;" "Songs of the two. Sea Children;" "Songs from a Northern Again, it would seem that Gissing is not Garden"; "From the Book of Valentines." so wanting in plot and structure as he is Let us say right here that we like nearly accused of being. It is a weak point, to be all the poems in the book, liking the last sure, from both the artistic and the popular sheaf the least ; and, often in the other pages point of view, and one finishes most of the admiring, to the point of marvel, the lithe- stories in the present collection with a ness of line, the sure music of rhyme and : ' : —

624 WATSON'S MAGAZINE rhythm, the absolute intimacy with nature get along on, but no sorcery in it. Three that breathes in the poet's voice unfailingly. things I always say, a man needs have Now we shall cite an opinion of Bliss Car- meat for his belly, a fire for his shins, and man's work, recently published in the Lon- generous wine to keep him in countenance don Times: with himself. And that's no such easy ". . .He has that quality of which matter in a difficult world, I can tell you. we have noted the lack in the poetry of most 'Tis wine that gives a man courage and of his predecessors, a youthful gaiety and romance, and puts heart in him for deeds bravery. It seems, indeed, as if his country and adventures and all manner of plain, might be acquiring at last the power to wholesome love. And that, after all, is the express in poetry that enterprise, that mainspring with most men, hide it how they adventurer-spirit which has hitherto been may. For whatever was done that was reserved for its affairs. . . . He is worth doing, and was not done for a woman never sentimental, never afraid of passion or for the sake of a friend, I should like to any more than he is afraid of showing the know ? learning and the mastery of his art that he "'Maybe I hadn't thought of that,' says too often misuses. And, if that temper be the stranger. 'You must have tasted some sincere, it may be the forerunner of an rare wine in your time.' awakening, an outburst of poetry greater "'Not so much,' says the other, 'but I than any that America has yet produced, was born with a shrewd taste for it, you may a poetry that shall be worthy of a great say. Moreover, I came of a people who nation, and of the greatness of her earlier were far farers in their day, and have been poets." abroad myself more than once. So it comes Finally, hear what the poet himself says, you find the foreign vintages in my bins. in a quaintly humorous preface, as modest There's some Greek wine I have, sir, that's as it is unabashed more than a century old, I'll wager; and a "It is a hearty old saying that good wine rare Moonwine, as they call it, picked up needs no bush. Why, then, should the mas- in an out-of-the-way port, that will make ter of a roadhouse hang out a sign letting you forget your sorrows like a strain of folk know there is good drink within? music; light wines from France, too; and "Consider the feelings of the landlord, some Heather Brose, very old and magical, poor man. At once nettled and abashed, such as the little dark people used to make he exclaims: hereabout in the times of the Celts long " 'Pray, why should I stick a bough over ago—and very good times they were, too. my door? My tavern is well bespoke for It is not these days that have all the wisdom miles about, and all the folk know I serve ever was, you may be sure.' ' ' nothing but good, honest liquor—and mighty ' You are not such a bad advocate , after comforting it is of a cold night, when the fire all,' remarks the stranger. 'You speak is bright on the hearth, or refreshing on a hot very invitingly.' day, either.' '"Step inside,' says the landlord." "'Nay, but,' says the stranger, 'how R. D. should a traveler know of this? You must advertise, man. Hang out your sign to A Shropshire Lad. Lyrics. By A. E. Hous- attract the passer-by, and increase trade. man. John Lane Company, New York. Trade's the thing. You should be doing A book of unusual charm and distinction a driving business with a cellar like yours.' is "A Shropshire Lad." We select two of "'Huh,' replies the taverner, 'I perceive the lyrics of which it is made up, and offer that in the city where you come from it may them as evidence of the qualities we em- not be a mark of character in a man to rely phatically attribute to Mr. Housman's wholly upon merit, but that if one would product insure success, he must sound a trumpet " 'Is my team plowing, before him, as the hypocrites do, that they That I was used to drive may have glory of men, as the Word And hear the harness jingle says.' When I was man alive ?' "Tut, man,' says the stranger, 'look at your friend John Doe under the hill yonder. "Aye, the horses trample, Does a wonderful business. Famous all over The harness jingles now; the country for his home-brewed ale, and No change though you lie under his pockets lined with gold.' The land you used to plow. "'Yes,' says the host, 'John Doe is a good, thrifty man, and as a fine a comrade "Ts football playing as you'd wish to find, selling his hundred Along the river shore, thousand bottles a year. But the gist of With lads to chase the leather, the matter between us isn't all in quantity, Now I stand up no more?' I'll be bound. Quality is something. And as for myself I would as soon have a bottle "Aye, the ball is flying, of wine as a keg of beer any day. Wine is The lads play heart and soul; the poetry of life, in a manner of speaking, The goal stands up, the keeper and ale, you see, is the prose—very good to Stands up to keep the goal. ;; ; ; ;

BOOKS 625

"'Is my girl happy, "He hears; long since forgotten That I thought hard to leave, In fields where I was known, And has she tired of weeping Here I lie down in London As she lies down at eve?' And turn to rest alone.

"Aye, she lies down lightly, "There, by the starlit fences, She lies not down to weep The wanderer halts and hears Your girl is well contented. My soul that lingers sighing Be still, my lad, and sleep About the glimmering weirs." R. D. "'Is my friend hearty, Now I am thin and pine, In Colonial Days. By Nathaniel Hawthorne. And has he found to sleep in Illustrations by Frank T. Merrill. L. A better bed than mine?' C. Page & Company, Boston. These stories of the Old Province House at "Yes, lad, I lie easy, Boston acquaint one anew with the warm I lie as lads would choose and fecund imagination, the delicate and I cheer a dead man's sweetheart, firm style of the great New England novelist. Never ask me whose." The book is handsomely made and ought to serve admirably for gift purposes. The il- lustrations are good. H. E. V. ' ' Far in a Western brookland That bred me long ago Born to the Blue. By Florence Kimball The poplars stand and tremble Russel. L. C. Page & Company, Boston. By pools I used to know. A good boy's story of army life and ad- venture, evidently written by one fully in- "There, in the windless night-time, formed about her characters and their sur- The wanderer, marveling why, roundings. Healthy in tone, and stimulat- Halts on the bridge to harken ing to the youthful mind. How soft the poplars sigh. E. C. L.

Lovers Pleading

BY G. E. WARD

WILD roses hidden in the hedge Surrender to the lips of June White lilies cloistered in the sedge Permit the kisses of the moon.

And oh! my heart desires your love As never June desires a rose, And never the pale moon above Such passion for a lily knows:

And yet your love I vainly seek; Unto my love no love replies No blush gives answer in your cheek, No passion lightens in your eyes.

Ardent as June I watch and wait Pale as the moon I pace your sky; O Lady! be compassionate, Kiss me and love me, or I die! October, 190O— 10 — — — — — "

Every time one thinks about the tariff on the world. If the laws had been faithfully lumber and wishes to express his feelings executed, such scandals would have been he finds the English language incapable of impossible. The greatest and most damag- furnishing him the proper word. The ing of all these scandals is that the laws of average man has found out that "cussing" the United States have not been faithfully does no good after twenty years of effort, as executed—that rant, and hypocrisy, and far as that tariff is concerned. What forest connivance at crime, and political partisan lands remain in this country are fast passing success won by criminals with stolen money into the control of trusts and big mining and hush-money, stand in the place of duty companies. The Hecla Copper Mining Com- and morality. The people may applaud pany, which is part of the Rockefeller Copper the spectacular rogues for a time ; but they Trust, owns 90,000 acres of forest in Michigan will turn and rend them just as soon as they and is constantly acquiring more. The cry are undeceived. Herald, Bolivar, Mo. of Shaw and his followers is "stand pat" and make no change in the tariff, although That standpatters are not in a happy there are almost inexhaustible forests in frame of mind is evidenced by the organ Canada from which we could get lumber and of the Protective Tariff League. That preserve our own timber lands. The Inves- subsidized mouthpiece of the trusts and tigator, Omaha, Neb. protected interests declares that the men in charge of the Republican congressional Do the laboring people know that Gover- campaign indorse a statement attributed to nor Higgins signed a bill trusteeing wages John Hay, that "tariff revision is bound over $12 a week in favor of the creditors of to come, but woe to the party through whom wage-earners? Did that job lot convention it cometh." This would indicate that the held in Malone, that swallowed everything standpatters are trying to discount the and indorsed Higgins's iniquitous administra- effect of the election of a Democratic Con- tion, say anything of this? Oh, no, they gress and at the same time trying to arouse poured standard oil on the troubled political the protective tariff barons to the danger waters and swallowed all things rotten. and make them "come down with the dust The laboring men of this state will bury liberally to prevent such a catastrophe to Higgins under an avalanche of indignant the trusts and combines. As that Republi- ballots when they get a whack at him, for can statesman and standpatter, Senator turning over all their wages over Si 2 a week Buckley, says that elections are carried by to a trustee, to be held for their creditors. those with the most money, so all the tariff This bill strikes at personal liberty and the barons have to do is to come down with liberty of contract, and is a revival of the the boodle and the Republican Congressional Connecticut blue laws or worse. No free Committee will do the rest.— The State, people will tolerate any such interference Providence, R. I. with their private affairs, and when the wagee-arners get a whack at Higgins, who signed the measure, he will never know Can it be that there is graft in the ex- what he collided with. Forum, Malone, penditure of the money given for the relief N.Y. of the San Francisco earthquake sufferers? A writer in the Joplin (Mo.) Globe says: One of the most healthy signs of the "Bills for Si 5 7,599 for automobile service times is found in the fact that every can- in the two weeks following the fire—more didate for any important office in Nebraska, than was spent for milk, butter, eggs, bread, as a prerequisite, instinctively hastens to vegetables, drugs and clothing in the relief put himself on record as in favor of regulat- of 200,000 homeless persons— were presented ing trusts. Custer County Beacon, Broken to the finance committee today, and threaten Bow, Custer Co., Neb. to cause a scandal before the work of auditing is completed. The charges average It is not only our commerce, but our $35 a day, and in some cases are much national character that have been injured by higher." Ohio State Register, Washington the frauds and scandals now astonishing Court House, Ohio. 626 — — — — — — —

THE SAY OF OTHER EDITORS 627

Senator Burton and Senator Smoot chell, of Oregon, and Quay, of the plum tree. is worse than any of these, except have both lost their seats in. Congress ; one for Schwab no paying too much attention to business, that, in addition to his determination to do and the other for paying too much attention what Addicks tried in Delaware, he is a little to the women. Monitor, Mammoth Springs, "dotty" as a result of his sudden wealth Ark. and prominence in the great Steel Trust steal. Mirror, St. Louis, Mo. in Petersburg, W. J. Bryan, when St. Russia, was asked whether he had dropped A word as to Mr. Watson and the great free silver, and for his opinion regarding the help that he has been to the cause of white beef scandal, and replied: "No, I have not supremacy during the present campaign in dropped free silver, but the question has Georgia. Years ago, before anybody «ver become one of secondary importance. As thought of Mr. Smith making the race for to the beef scandal, the disclosures prove that Governor, Hon. Thos. E. Watson, in a public monopoly leads to high prices and to de- speech in Atlanta, pledged his help to the terioration in quality. Inspections show Democrats and to the white people of evils that only anti-monopoly can uproot." Georgia whenever they should decide to — Texas Farmer, Dallas, Tex. make Georgia a white man's state, and put the negro out of politics in Georgia for good The enormous Republican majorities in and all. He has magnificently redeemed Pennsylvania in the past are not so wonder- his promise in the present campaign. He ful since the light has been thrown on the has suffered along with Hoke Smith such corrupt bargain between the railroads, political crucifixion at the hands of the rail- trusts and combines and the Republican road owned and ring controlled organs of politicians, and similar conditions prevail the state such as is rarely met with in politi- is in New Jersey and other states ; but light cal campaigns. But during it all Mr. Wat- breaking on the cesspools of corruption. son has continued to stand steadfastly to the Democrat, Gallatin, Mo. cause of the people of the state and to his promise to help them redeem Georgia from The income of the average American, the control of the railroad ring, and to make according to United States census reports, the old state forever a white man's state in is S650 a year, but the meat, ice, milk, its politics. Mr. Watson's help to the cause of grocery and other bills indicate that his the people in the campaign that has just outlay is much more. Independent, New- closed has been second to none in the State of man, 111. Georgia, and despite the fact that Farmer Jim, the Convict King, with his barbecues Charlie Schwab, of the Steel Trust, and workers carried Mr. Watson's own home whose head was turned by his election to county against Hoke Smith. Herald, Au- the presidency of that concern and whose gusta, Ga. antics in Europe, at Monte Carlo and else- where, caused his retirement from that Hon. Thos. E. Watson may smile at the position, is being considered as a possible fate of his political enemies, whose great out- United States Senator from Nevada, to lay of money and effort to defeat him in his succeed Francis G. Newlands, in 1909. He home county was so overwhelmingly re- doesn't live in Nevada, but he has "invest- buked by the state at large, and that the ments" there. He would be useful in pro- pitiful effort to humiliate him at home re- moting railroads and mining undertakings. acted on his enemies in their overwhelming Already the work for him has begun before defeat throughout the rest of the state. he has taken up his residence in the state. Perhaps the only one who will be unable Talk about a rotten borough! If Schwab to find one single crumb of comfort in the can get to the Senate from Nevada under result of the election will be Editor Pendle- such circumstances, the interests truly have ton, of the Macon Telegraph. He got into the nation up for sale. Such maneuvering a long and bitter debate with Tom Watson in makes a mock of the system of govern- which he was badly worsted. He raved and ment. It is a grim jest upon the people. raled at the Populists because at last they Nevada will be exploited by the men who had done what he had preached for years they want Schwab in the Senate. It will be should do, fight out our difference inside the worked according to the latest method of dear old party, and then got licked. He the industrial manipulators. The state wrote reams of double-column editorials, will be looted by the "industrials." Schwab showing how Macon would be ruined if Hoke is about as fit for Senator as Scotty of Death Smith should be elected, and his people Valley, or the late Coal Oil Johnnie. The showed what they thought of his political brazen effrontery of the scheme to buy a judgment by voting a majority in every pre- state for a plutocrat who never set foot cinct contrary to his tearful advice and in it for more than ten days is the cap sheaf frantic pleading. But even he may find of capitalistic corruption in politics. Still, comfort in the thought that he stands why should we gag at Schwab and his pledged to support Hoke Smith for Governor, methods? There are Clark, of Montana, and perhaps Bryan and Watson in 1908. Aldrich, of Rhode Island. There was Mit- Tribune, Augusta, Ga. —— — —, —— — — — — —

628 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

If our naval and military expenses ever will not attempt to deny it. Citizen, surpass or even equal our educational ex- Verdigree, Neb. ' penses, we shall be on the wrong track. If we ever spend more to inspire awe and Government Obvnerjhip Coming fear in other people than to cultivate in- Municipal ownership is being hastened in telligence and character in our own, we all quarters by franchise grabs and other shall be on the road to the worst kind of corporation robberies and extortions. The bankruptcy—a bankruptcy of men.— Un- vast business enterprises, whose business afraid, Posy County, Ind. interests are promoted by shady methods, even to the extent of carrying elections by The 'Railroad "Rate "Bill fraud, will fall first under government control, and then will come government As the Railroad Rate bill has been amended ownership. Democrat, Pomeroy, Wash. by the Seriate, the Interstate Commerce Commission will be unable to fix railroad The Columbus Enquirer-Sun thinks Roose- rates without subjecting its decisions to a should send his "replies" freight. complete revision by the courts on the whole velt by insist upon the charges being prepaid, record, and on both the law and the facts. We if any are addressed to us. Post, Headland, This puts a weapon into the hands of the Ala. railroads which will enable them largely, it not wholly, to baffle the Commission in Probably it is in most respects as good any efforts it may make at just regulation. a rate bill as we could expect to get, so long It was what the railroad senators contended as such legislation is framed on the plan for, and what President Roosevelt at first that whatever Senator La Follette proposes said they should not have. Nor need they must be wrong. The Index, Cumberland, have had it. With such of his own party and such of the Democrats as were opposed Md. to it, he could have defeated the railroad It is announced that, the rate bill being ring. They were, in fact, defeated when passed, the Senate will now take a "much- he came to their rescue by reversing his needed rest." And the public surely will position and acceding to their demands. be delighted at being able to follow suit. The Public, Chicago, III. Advocate, Parish, La. "Republican Cornerstone While the Interstate Commerce Com- "Wherever the Republican Party is in mission is about it, they might ascertain is corruption. power, there With its present the differential on Muck-rakes and White- organization nothing else could result. One wash Brushes, from outside points to of the things that keeps that party in power Washington. Enterprise, Luck, Wis. is passes to all kinds of men, from Supreme Court judges down to the worker in every Criminal Lata "Reform little country town. The Investigator." There are two reasons why criminal law That's the way the thing is worked in reform is a pressing problem today. One is Lancaster County, Pa. The "boss" is head the repression by that reform of lynch law. of the electric power and trolley system. The other is not less important. We need He keeps enough of the country dupes that reform, says an Atlantic writer, because "solid "with bribes of position and patron- the social condition of our day imperatively age so as to "work" the rest of the back- demands a substantial increase in the scope woodsmen, and though they get to clawing and power of criminal law, a system strong the air in a local fight over the spoils they enough to meet the new and increasing are all " cheek-by-jowl " when the "national requirements of our civilization for correc- Republican " bugle sounds, and they have a tive and repressive criminal law. A system chance again to fight the "Democratic" too complicated to deal out certain justice to Party, which is controlled by the same common offenders, ignorant and brutal, poor corrupt agencies. American Whip, Lan- in purse and influence, can never adequately caster, Pa. deal with our new class of big business criminals, with the men who get rich by When Heinze sold his copper mine, taking fraud, the corporation inflators and wreckers, in part payment a senatorship from Montana the faithless trustees and grafting directors, neither the buyer nor seller thought it neces- the exploiters of municipalities, the mag- sary to consult the people of the state nates who give bribes and the bosses who before closing the deal. Sentinel, Gentry, take them, the trust operators who sin Mo. against honesty in business, who break the law against monopolies, who give and take The wave of reform is spreading through- forbidden rebates. How can predatory out the country, and it begins to look wealth, powerful, influential, often in- as though every Republican in the state trenched in office, be punished by a system and nation will be swept from power. which creaks, groans and often breaks down Someone may say that we wish so, and that in bringing a border ruffian to justice ? Pio- the wish is father to our thoughts, and we neer, Yuma, Col. .

FROM AUGUST 8 TO SEPTEMBER 8

Home News regard to its controversy with the De- partment of the Interior over oil line Aug. 8. —Indictments charging the Standard leases in the Indian Territory. Oil Company with receiving rebates in Aug. 10. —The Panama Canal Commission the form of non-payment of storage decides to employ 2,500 Chinese labor- charges to certain railroad companies ers for digging the canal. are returned by the Federal grand jury The Federal Grand Jury for the Western at Chicago. District of New York returns indict- Senator Cullum, of Illinois, announces ments against the Standard Oil Com- pany of York, that he is for Speaker Cannon for Presi- New the Pennsylvania dent in 1908. Railroad and the Vacuum Oil Com- Justice Giegerich, in the Supreme Court pany for rebating. of New York, decides that the Mutual Horace Tucker, chairman of the Chicago Life Insurance Company's corrected and St. Louis Traffic Association, testi- fies before the list of policyholders must be filed at Federal Grand Jury at Albany within ten days, and further Chicago that direct rebate arrange- exist corrected lists from time to time until ments between the Standard Oil the ballots have been sent out. He Company and certain railroads. denies the International Policyholders' Aug. 11. —Chairman Shonts, of the Panama Committee's demand that the company Canal Commission, arrives in New York be compelled to permit the committee City from Colon, and reports general to have access to the company's ad- conditions in the Canal Zone good. He dress stencils, and to send out its states that the labor problem has been circulars on the company's stencils. solved by employing Spanish and The Grand Jury in New York City Chinese laborers. begins an investigation of the methods Samuel Gompers, President of the Ameri- of the Ice Trust. can Federation of Labor, protests The Equitable Life Assurance Society against the proposed employing of decides to continue doing business in Chinese labor in the construction of the France. Panama Canal. He accuses Chairman Aug. 9. —For the first time since 1893 the Shonts of bad faith, claiming that United States enters the market for Shonts promised that coolies should silver bullion. Secretary Shaw de- never be brought into the Canal Zone. cides to purchase 100,000 ounces per Chairman Shonts replies to Mr. Gompers, week until the demand for dimes, quar- stating that the Chinese Exclusion act ters and halves is supplied. and the eight-hour law do not apply San Francisco policyholders attach the to the Canal Zone firoperty of the Transatlantic Fire The Grand Jury at Boston indicts eight nsurance Company, of Hamburg, Ger- corporations and twenty-two persons many, in New York City, as the Trans- connected with the corporations for atlantic refuses to pay any fire losses conspiracy in restraint of trade. Seven at San Francisco, claiming the destruc- of the corporations are ice companies. tion by fire an act of Providence. Aug. 12. —Friends of District Attorney The President approves the recommen- Jerome state that he will be a candi- dation of Acting Secretary Murray date for the Democratic nomination that the McCulloch be sent back at for Governor of New York. once to the Pribvloff Islands to co- Secretary of the Navy Bonaparte delivers operate with the Perry in the patrol of an address on "Anarchism and its the seal fishing waters. Remedy" before the Alleghany Chau- Ex-Senator James K. Jones, of Arkansas, tauqua near Cumberland, Md. The representing the Standard Oil Company Secretary denounces the "Reds" in a legal capacity, appeals to President "as product of superficial education Roosevelt in behalf of the Standard in and decay of religion," and recommends 629 630 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

the lash and death as a punishment August 16. —President Roosevelt told for their crimes. Speaker Cannon a few days ago, so an A despatch from Chicago states that ear-witness relates, that he (Cannon) W. J. Bryan refuses to take part in the would be the next President of the Illinois campaign unless Roger Sullivan, United States. The Republican con- present head of the Democratic machine vention of the Eighteenth Illinois in that state, is put out of power and Congressional District renominates forced to resign from the Democratic Speaker Cannon and indorses him for " National Committee . It is immaterial the Presidency in 1908. to me whether Illinois indorses me or Bob Davis, a negro, is lynched in the not," Mr. Bryan is quoted as saying. presence of Governor Heywood at "But it is very important that the Greenwood, S. C, after the Governor Democracy of that state repudiate had made a plea to the mob to let the Sullivan and his methods. The party law take its course. Davis had murder- must, first of all, purge itself of such ously attacked a white lady and leadership before it can enter courage- assaulted a negro girl. ously upon a campaign." Gen. Robert B. Brown, of Zanesville, August 13. —President Roosevelt holds con- Ohio, is elected commander-in-chief of ferences with Chairman Shonts, of the the Grand Army of the Republic. Isthmian Canal Commission, and Chair- The Odell Republicans notify the friends man Sherman, of the Congressional of President Roosevelt that they are Campaign Committee. willing to join with them in the interest The annual encampment of the Grand of party harmony and nominate Charles Army of the Republic opens at Minne- E. Hughes for Governor of New York. apolis, Minn. The Democratic and Populist state con- August 14. —Twenty miles of the Southern ventions of Nebraska agree upon a fusion Pacific Railroad's track is washed out state ticket. by a flood near Langtry, Tex., and the August 17.— Cale and Waskey, the candi- damage is estimated at $2,000,000. dates of the miners of Alaska, are Since the announcement that the United elected delegates to Congress by large States Government was in the market majorities. for silver bullion the price has risen so The Grand Army of the Republic com- rapidly that Secretary Shaw decides pletes its fortieth encampment and ad- to buy only enough to meet urgent journs to meet in Saratoga, N.Y., in 1907. demands. The President appoints J. S. Harlan, of The Interstate Commerce Commission Chicago, a member of the Interstate begins an investigation of the relations Commerce Commission. of railroads entering Toledo, Ohio, with The Democrats of Massachusetts indorse ice companies shipping over them. William J. Bryan for President in 1908. At the suggestion of Governor Frantz, of August 19.—William Travers Jerome an- Oklahoma, Attorney- General Cromwell nounces his willingness to run against begins an investigation to ascertain William R. Hearst as the "conserva- whether or not any railroad has violated tive" Democratic candidate for Gover- its charter by discriminating in freight nor of New York. Up to the present rates. time everything indicates that Hearst More than 100 men connected with will have the regular Democratic nomi- Southern railroads meet at Atlantic nation, also that of the Independence City, N. J., to discuss the Railroad (Municipal Ownership) League. Rate law. The attorneys for the dif- Seven persons are killed and ten injured in ferent roads are also present and are a railroad wreck at Johnstown, Pa. going over the new law section by sec- Carrie Nation is jailed in Denver, Col., on a tion, endeavoring to find flaws on which charge of disturbance and inciting a riot. they can destroy the effectiveness of it. August 20.—The Republican Campaign Com- August 15. —Ex-Governor Odell secures con- mittee makes public a letter from the trol of the New York State Republican President to Congressman James E. Committee, giving him control of the Watson, of Rushville, Ind., in which he organization over Governor Higgins. opposes any change of leadership and Roger Sullivan, of Illinois, refuses the organization in the House, upholds the request of Mr. Bryan to resign from Panama Canal, declares heartily for the National Committee and accuses trades unions, but against their abuse, Mr. Bryan of attempting to resurrect stands unequivocally for a protective strife. tariff and has the following to say about The Interstate Commerce Commission the trusts: "The question of revising takes final steps looking to the enforce- the tariff stands wholly apart from the ment of the Safety Appliance law, which question of dealing with the so-called

requires that ultimately all freight 'trusts.' . . . The only way in cars in this country must be equipped which it is possible to deal with those with air brakes. trusts and monopolies and this great NEWS RECORD 631

corporate wealth is by action along the an invitation to unveil the memorial line of the laws enacted by the statue to the late President McKinley, present Congress and its immediate at Canton, which will be presented to predecessors." the State of Ohio on September 14. The Isthmian Canal Commission issues Heat kills 10 and prostrates 29 persons in specifications for bids to furnish 2,500 Chicago. Chinese coolies to the Canal Commission Senator Beveridge opens the congressional by January 7, 1907. campaign in Maine, and declares the The corrected amounts carried by each of issue in the coming congressional elec- the annual appropriation bills passed by tion is Theodore Roosevelt. Congress at the last session are as August 24. — President Roosevelt indorses

follows : Agricultural, $0,930,440 ; army, the spelling reform movement, started $71,817,165.08; diplomatic and con- by Professor Brander Matthews, of

sular, $3,091,094.17 ; District of Colum- Columbia University, and Andrew Car- bia, $10,138,672.16; fortification, $5,- negie. An order is issued to the public 053,993; Indian, $9,260,599.98; legisla- printer that all documents emanating tive, executive and judicial, $29,681,- from the White House and all messages 919.30; Military Academy, $1,664,- from the President shall be printed 707; naval, $102,091,670.27; pension, in accordance with the recommendation $140,245,500; post-office, $191,695,- of the Spelling Reform Committee.

998.75 ; sundry civil, $98,538,770.32 ; de- The Federal Grand Jury at Jamestown, ficiency appropriations, $39,129,035- N. Y., again indicts the Standard 45; miscellanous appropriations, $27,- Oil Company and the New York Cen- 173,299.01; permanent appropriations, tral Railroad for rebating. $140,076,320. Grand total, $879,589,- August 25.—The President issues an appeal 185.16. In addition to the foregoing for aid for the sufferers of the recent specific appropriations made, contracts earthquake in Chile. are authorized to be entered into for cer- Six persons die from heat in Louisville, tain public works requiring future ap- Ky., and three in Chicago. propriations by Congress in the aggre- Two thousand rifles, eight rapid-fire guns gate sum of $20,587,200. A compari- and two million rounds of cartridges are son of these contract liabilities with shipped to the Cuban Government from those of the last session of the last Con- New York City. gress, amounting to $26,770,057, shows August 26.—The announcement is made at a reduction of $6,182,857. Peoria, 111., that the Standard Oil August 21.— Roger Sullivan wins over Mr. Company has taken steps toward ac- Bryan's friends by a vote of 1,038 to quiring ownership of all the principal 570 in the Illinois Democratic State distilling plants in the United States. Convention. The Sullivan followers This will give the Standard control of then indorse Mr. Bryan for President, the output of denatured alcohol. notwithstanding Mr. Bryan's declara- Andrew Carnegie declares that other re- tion that he did not wish the indorse- forms in the English language will ment unless Sullivan was repudiated. follow President Roosevelt's indorse- Charles F. Murphy, Tammany boss, de- ment of the reform style spelling. clares himself in favor of William R. Street railway traffic is suspended in Hearst for the regular Democratic nomi- San Francisco as the result of a strike nation for Governor of New York. for higher wages by conductors and Following Murphy's declaration Mr. motormen. Hearst makes a statement in which he August 27.—The Federal Grand Jury at denounces Murphy, McCarren, Belmont, Chicago returns ten indictments, con- Ryan and politicians of their type and taining 6,420 counts, against the warns them against supporting him. Standard Oil Company, all in connection The Illinois State Republican Convention with the granting of rebates. indorses Speaker Cannon for the Presi- The United States receives notice that dency in 1908. Dalny, now called Tarien, will be August 22.— Hon. Hoke Smith is nominated opened as a free port on September 1. Governor of Georgia by an overwhelm- Delegations from Lincoln and Omaha, ing majority over the other four candi- Neb., reach New York City, where dates. Out of a possible vote of 360, he they expect to welcome Mr. Bryan on secures 306. The nomination is equiva- August 30. lent to election and brings to a close one The Union Pacific and several other rail- of the hardest fought campaigns in the roads advertise for bids for refrigerator history of the South. cars. It is supposed that this will be a Officials of the Southeastern Railroad lines big advantage to fruit growers, as meet in New York City and discuss the it will do away with the private car interpretation of the Railroad Rate monopoly. bill, which takes effect August 29. A band of Cuban rebels are routed by Mrs. Alice Roosevelt Longworth receives Government troops near Cienfuegos 632 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

Bryan ad- and the rebels lose seventeen men. August 31.—Honorable W. J. in six New England President Palma offers amnesty to all dresses his followers Haven, Conn. Mr. rebels who will lay down their arms states, at New declarations in re- and return to their homes within thirty Brvan repeats his public ownership of railroads, days. gard to a New England Bryan League is Despatches from Columbia, and August 28.— formed. S. C, state that the Local Option ticket Washington state that carries the state, and that Senator Till- Despatches from Democrats, among them man and the dispensary are defeated prominent Texas, Governor Folk, on the whisky question. Senator Bailey, of Congressman Living- The Real Estate Trust Company, of Phila- of Missouri, and Georgia, attack Mr. Bryan's delphia, Pa., fails for $7,000,000. ston, of ownership plans and pre- The Interstate Commerce Commission re- Government will defeat his nomination fuses to make rulings and interpreta- dict that it tions in advance as requested by some in 1908. railroads. Six Japanese are convicted of poaching at Thousands of Democrats from different Valdez, Alaska. The six belong to the sections of the country reach New York same party of which five were killed. City to meet Mr. Bryan. Former Judge Alton B. Parker, of New York, is elected president of the Ameri- August 29.—Hon. W. J. Bryan, accom- panied by Mrs. Bryan and Miss can Bar Association. transport Sheri- Bryan, arrives off Sandy Hook, New The United States Army aground on Barber's Point, York, from Europe, and is met by a dan goes Island, one of the Hawaiian group, large delegation of Democrats. Mr. Oahu Bryan goes to the home of Lewis Nixon and it is feared the vessel will be a total on Staten Island instead of to New York loss. City. September 1.—A report from May King, Secretary of Agriculture Wilson returns to Kentucky, states that twelve miners are Washington from a trip to the West and entombed in the mines at that place Northwest, where he inspected many and it is believed the men are dead. secretary re- packing-houses. The Honorable W.J. Bryan speaks at Newark, ports the conditions greatly improved. and Jersey City, N. J. At Newark he The Interstate Commerce Commission declares Mr. Roosevelt's popularity arose companies refuses to give the express chiefly through his advocacy of Demo- the delay asked for in the enforcement cratic principles. of the new rate law. The law goes into At the National Democratic Club, in New today. effect York City, Mr. Bryan declares he values tendered August 30.— The public reception the approval of his conscience more than Madison Hon. W. J. Bryan at that of the whole country. Square Garden, New York City, is Edward (Gas) Addicks is badly de- attended by ten thousand cheering ad- J. feated in the Republican primaries of Mr. Bryan. He favors mirers throughout Delaware. referring all international disputes to Many charges of discrimination and The Hague Tribunal and opposes the unjust rates are filed by shippers with use of our navy as a means to collect the Interstate Commerce Commission debts, stands for the independence of against many of the important railroads the Philippines, for popular election of of the country. senators, for an income tax, for arbitra- Charles A. Walsh, the Iowa member of the tion in labor disputes, parties not being Democratic National Committee , tenders bound to accept the decisions, against resignation. government by injunction, for an eight- his hour day, for President Roosevelt's September 2. — In a battle between Italians recommended legislation against cam- and the Pennsylvania State Constabu- paign contributions, for the complete lary, at Punxsutawney, Pa., two of the overthrow of the monopoly principle in constabulary are killed and one seri- industry, for a tariff for revenue only, ously wounded, while three other per- for Government ownership of all trunk sons are hit by bullets. railroads and state ownership of all Hon. W. J. Bryan leaves New York City others and against Socialism. for his home in Lincoln, Neb. Mr. Secretary Wilson notifies the packers that Bryan will shortly begin to make labels on packages of meat products speeches in the congressional campaign. must be so explicit that there will be President Roosevelt writes the public no deception of the public hereafter, if printer that if the changes in spelling the packers want their goods accepted for he has approved do not meet with interstate shipment. popular approval they may be dropped. The absence of John Sharp Williams from Washington despatches state that all ton- the Bryan reception arouses much com- nage and navigation dues in the Philip- ment in Washington. pine Islands have been abolished by .

NEWS RECORD 633

an act of the Philippine Commission, Me. The secretary defends Congress- passed August 31. man Littlefield and criticizes Sam- September 3. The United — States Army uel Gompers. He also favors tariff transport Sheridan is said to be a total revision and expects agreement in the wreck. future The President reviews the naval parade September 6.—After being notified that the at Oyster Bay. The squadron consists district attorney was preparing indict- of twelve battleships, twelve cruisers, ments for all of them, the directors of thirteen torpedo boats and two sub- the Real Estate Trust Company of marines, the most powerful fleet of Philadelphia pledged S3, 000, 000 to pay American battleships ever assembled. all creditors of the institution in full. The United States cruiser Boston runs on A petition is filed with the Interstate a rock near Anacortes, Wash., and Commerce Commission by J. E. Walker, is reported to be sinking. The Bos- of Media, Pa., charging the Balti- ton was one of Dewey's ships in the more & Ohio Railroad and the battle of Manila. United States Express Company with Speaker Cannon opens his campaign tour punishing people who patronize a trolley at Augusta, Me., in a in speech favor line in competition with the railroad by of Representative Littlefield. Mr. a system of blacklisting. The com- Littlefield is one of the congressmen plainant maintains that package ex- marked for defeat by Samuel Gompers, press rates for sending goods out of the labor leader. Philadelphia to suburban towns are Hon. W. R. Hearst fires the first gun in denied those who ride on the trolley his gubernatorial campaign at Syra- line in preference to the railroad. cuse, N. Y. The Legislature of Porto Rico authorizes September 4. Fletcher — D. Proctor (Repub- a loan of $1,000,000 for the purpose of lican), son of Senator Proctor, is elected building good roads. Governor of Vermont by a large The Interstate Commerce Commission majority. makes public an order calling upon Hon. William the J. Bryan repudiates the railroads of the country for information recent indorsement of him by the in regard to block signaling practice Democrats of Illinois as the next nomi- and electrical signaling appliances. nee for President. He also bitterly The Commission considers this an im- denounces the political methods of portant matter, as it has to do directly National Committeeman Roger C. Sulli- with the safety of life and property in van. railroad travel. The United States cruiser Boston is not so The packers agree to have the labels for seriously damaged as was first re- canned meats ready by October ported. 1, when the new law goes into effect. Despatches from Washington state that The labels must state exactly what is Senator Bailey, of Texas, admits that contained in each package. he purposes giving out a statement September 7.— It is announced that William replying to Mr. Bryan's declaration in J. Bryan will take no part in the fac- favor of Federal ownership of railroads. tional fight of the Democrats of Ne- It is the opinion in Washington that Mr. braska. Mr. Bryan tours North Caro- Bailey now hopes for the Democratic lina the middle of this month, but nomination may in 1908. give up the trips to Panama and Austra- September 5.— The leak in the United States lia. In October he will probably make cruiser Boston is stopped and the vessel a tour of all the congressional districts will be saved. of Illinois. Roger Sullivan, national In a speech at Lewistown, Me., Speaker Democratic committeeman from Illinois, Cannon criticizes the methods of Samuel challenges Bryan to prove his charges Gompers, president of the American against him and makes countercharges. Federation of Labor, in dictating how September 8.—Dan Patch breaks the world's the workingmen shall in vote the com- pacing record by going a mile at St. ing congressional election. Paul in 1.55. The Bryan men in New York plan to de- Judge Banker, of Findlay, Ohio, overrules feat Hearst for the gubernatorial nomi- pleas of abatement and motions to nation by starting a boom for Congress- quash the information filed against man William Sulzer. A conference of John D. Rockefeller and the Standard conservative anti-Hearst Democrats at Oil Company. Albany practically nominates District Attorney Jerome. Foreign News Senator Daniel, of Virginia, announces that he is opposed to Mr. Bryan's plan August 8. —Edwin W. Sims, solicitor for the of Government ownership of railroads. Department of Commerce and Labor, Mr. Bryan is welcomed home by the citi- who is in Alaska to enforce the new law zens of Lincoln, Neb. prohibiting all persons not citizens of Secretary of War Taft speaks at Bath, the United States from fishing in Alaskan .

634 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

waters, reports the killing of five Japa- on with ball-cartridges by the troops, nese fishermen and the capture of twelve but escapes injury. Japanese prisoners on Atta Island, one Secretary Root receives many attentions of the Aleutian group. at Montevideo, and makes an address in Cape Town, South Africa, is placed under which he praises the Monroe Doctrine control of the naval and military volun- and expresses the kind feelings of the teers to prevent a recurrence of recent United States toward South American riots. It is suggested to the English republics. Government that a party of American A despatch from Constantinople states negro preachers, who are advocating that the Sultan of Turkey is seriously ill the "Africa for the Africans" idea, be and may have to undergo an operation. deported from South Africa. High Russian officials express the opinion The Russian Cabinet begins a campaign that the Government has the situation preparatory to the election of a more in hand and that all danger of a success- tractable Parliament in December. It is ful revolutionary movement is past. also decided to appropriate $27,000,000 Terror reigns at Warsaw and Lodz and the for famine relief. Reports from Odessa authorities seem powerless. Many as- state that the revolutionists decide to sassinations occur in different parts of call a general strike in September. the empire. 12. declines August 9. —Many arrests are made in St. August —Grand Duke Nicholas Petersburg, Russia, and it is stated that to accept the post of commander-in- most of the labor leaders are now in chief of all the troops of Russia, where custody. martial law exists, and advocates the Negotiations are opened between the appointment of General Linevitch. Octobrists and Constitutional Demo- Seven mutineers are condemned to crats for the uniting of the two parties death by court-martial at Sveaborg. in the coming campaign, and confer- Strict martial law is declared at Kieff ences are in progress at Moscow. Turkish officials deny the serious illness of The report of the pecuniary committee of the Sultan. the International American Conference, Despatches from Tokio state that the now in session at Rio Janeiro, Brazil, Japanese Government is not likely to recommends the extension and with- consider the killing of Japanese poachers drawal of all modifications for five years seriously. of the "Treaty of Arbitration for Pecu- A despatch to London from Aden reports niary Claims" agreed upon at the Mexi- that the Mad Mullah has raided the can conference between the different Somaliland border, killing 1,000 of the republics. Rarebaron tribe, and capturing 10,000 August 10. —The Shah of Persia issues a de- camels. cree granting a national assembly and Abyssinian despatches say that King constitution. Menelek has signed the Franco- Italian- Secretary Root and party reach Monte- British convention relative to railways video, Uruguay. to be constructed there, and that the Services are held on board the United convention will be communicated to the States battleship Ohio at Yokohama, parliaments of the interested states as Japan, over the body of Rear-Admiral soon as they meet. The main features of Train. the treaty referred to above are a guar- Members of the moderate parties in Russia antee of the integrity of the Abyssinian start movements to bring about a con- Empire, the open door and commercial stitutional form of government by equality for all countries, and the con- peaceful means. tinuation by the French of the con- Three officers and two privates of the 8th struction of the railway connecting U. S. Infantry are killed by Pulajanes in Addis Abacca, the capital of Abyssinia, Leyte, Philippine Islands. with the coast, Great Britain and Italy The Spanish Ministry determines to make naming representatives on the railway the Church subservient to the State. directorate. sails At the first sitting of Parliament it is August 13. — Secretary Root from announced that the Government will Montevideo for Buenos Ayres, Argen- introduce a bill making religious orders tine Republic. amenable to the law controlling indus- Mrs. Pearl Mary Teresa Craigie (John trial corporations. Oliver Hobbes), novelist and dramatist, August 11. —Despatches from Panama state dies in London, aged thirty-nine. that the police capture seventeen The Pan-American Congress, in session at Colombian generals, former revolu- Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, adopts the natur- tionists, on the charge of conspiracy alization treaty report, also twelve of the against high national authorities. thirteen articles concerning the reorgan- While reviewing maneuvres and putting ization of the Bureau of American troops through blank-firing practice, Republics. police seize a large Grand Duke Nicholas of Russia is fired The St. Petersburg NEWS RECORD 635

quantity of bombs and shells. Agrar- Russian terrorists continue to murder and ian disorders are increasing in the hill pillage. At Plotsk, a town about forty regions of the Crimea. miles from Warsaw, every policeman The Shah of Persia's rescript to the Grand on the street is killed or wounded. Vizier orders the formation of a national Two hundred and fifty Jews are re- consultative assembly, composed of rep- ported killed and wounded at Warsaw. resentatives of all classes, from the Reports from all over the empire show princes downward. the police to be helpless in coping with August 14. —The Mad Mullah attacks the the revolutionists. Sultan of Mijerain's territory and is August 17.— Private telegrams reach Lon- repulsed. The losses are said to exceed don stating that Valparaiso, Chile, is 1,000. wrecked by an earthquake. The re- Secretary Root reaches Buenos Ayres, ports indicate that the earthquake was Argentine Republic, and is given a great more severe than the recent San Fran- ovation. cisco disaster. The Pope's encyclical to the archbishops The revolutionary movement is spreading and bishops of -France advising against in Russia. Numbers of encounters be- the acceptance of provisions of the tween the troops and the people occur Church and State separation law is though out the empire. generally approved by the French Cuban soldiers on duty at the palace in Catholic clergy. Havana mutiny because of harsh treat-

The Philippine . authorities plan a cam- ment and poor rations. The Cuban paign to exterminate the outlaw bands Government grants the demands of the of Pulajanes. soldiers and order is restored. The Czar of Russia, accompanied by his August 18.— Five thousand persons are re- family, visits the Guards' camp at ported killed by the earthquake in Krasnoye-Selo to witness the ma- Chile. Valparaiso is said to be in ruins neuvres. and the property loss is estimated at A special governor is appointed for the $200,000,000. The following message coal and iron region of Southern is received via Galveston, Tex. : Val- Russia to suppress the disorders. paraiso has been wrecked by earth- King Edward of England leaves London quake and fire, and the few buildings for a trip to the continent, where he will that escaped serious damage from the meet the Emperor of Germany. quakes have either burned or are in im- August 15. —King Edward of England and mediate danger of being burned. The Emperor William of Germany meet at people are panic-stricken, and all at- Cronberg, Hesse-Nassau, Prussia. It tempts at organization have proven is expected that improved political rela- futile . Martial law has been proclaimed tions between the two countries will and an effort is being made to calm the follow the conference of the two rulers. people, but with little hope, as the earth- The revolutionists and terrorists make quakes still continue up to this afternoon, murderous attacks with bombs and five shocks being felt today, although revolvers on the police and troops in not so frequent or violent, but enough several cities in Poland. Many soldiers to keep the people in a state of terror. and police are killed in Warsaw. The Mexican cable was in operation all The Russian Government, it is stated in day to Valparaiso, but to interior points St. Petersburg, now fears to call out the all overland wires are down, and it will recruits in the autumn, as a large per- be several days before they are restored. centage would prove unreliable against The entire business portion of Valparai- the people. so has been destroyed. The authorities Secretary Root is banqueted at Buenos will not permit any lights in the build- Ayres, and urges close friendship be- ings, and at dark the cable office was tween the United States and Argentine closed for the night. The dead and Republic. injured are estimated at from 1 ,000 to August 16. —The conference between King 5,000. However, owing to the lack of a Edward and Emperor William ends, systematic report, all figures are specu- and King Edward leaves Cronberg. lation. The shocks have continued Despatches from Tokio, Japan, state that since Thursday night, and five slight the killing and capture of a number of shocks were felt today. The operators Japanese seal poachers by Americans of the cable company have deserted in the Aleutian Islands will be amicably their posts, with one exception. The settled without the slightest complica- shipping in the harbor escaped damage, tions. and every vessel is a haven for refugees. The Sultan of Turkey orders the release of All buildings have been deserted. Prac- all prisoners in the empire who have tically nothing has been done in the way completed two-thirds of their sentences, of clearing wrecks or searching for dead as a mark of gratification for the re- bodies, and laborers refuse to enter the covery of his health. ruins because of the continued shocks. 636 WATSON'S MAGAZINE

Soldiers will force the rescue work to- that $7,5000,000 will be needed to morrow. combat the famine, which is most The rumors of uprisings in Cuba are partly severe in the provinces of Samara, confirmed. A detachment of Rural Saratoff, Simbirsk, Penza, Kazan, Tam- Guards encounters a small band near boff and Ufa. More murders occur at Rio Hondo, province of Pinar del Rio. Warsaw, and the city has been deserted At a banquet in his honor at Buenos Ayres by the better classes. Secretary Root advocates arbitration, President Palma announces that the mediation and all other elements that Cuban Government has no concessions make for peace. The secretary declares to offer or accept, and no intention that the United States has never em- other than fighting the matter through ployed her army or navy for the col- and suppressing the insurrection. lection of debts contracted by govern- The Emperor of China issues an edict ments or private individuals, and never promising a constitutional government will do so. when the people are fitted for it. Despatches from Warsaw, Russia, state September 3. — In a speech at Santiago, that the hospitals are filled with wounded Chile, Secretary Root declares that the persons and many are forced to lie twentieth century will be the century on the floors. Street traffic is practical- for South America; that the opening ly suspended on account of the inse- of the Panama Canal will revolutionize curity of life. The priests of the the world's commerce, and that the Orthodox Church are said to be sup- west coast of South America will be porting the Government. benefited most. The Sultan of Turkey is said to be suffer- In a fight between troops and striking ing from B right's disease. coal miners at Petroseney, Hungary, Despatches from London state that King 175 miners were injured. Edward and Emperor William of The pretender to the Moroccan throne is Germany are now thoroughly recon- defeated near Muluyu, losing his two ciled. principal chiefs. Another revolution is reported from San The Polish school children in the province Domingo. of Posen strike against being com- August 19.—Despatches estimate the dead in pelled to say prayers in German, and to the Chilean earthquake at 2,000 and answer in German in the course of property losses at $250,000,000. One religious instruction. hundred thousand people are said to Cossacks kill 6 and wound 22 persons at be homeless, and conditions are worse Warsaw. than those experienced by San Fran-, Fourteen officers and 1 surgeon are cisco. arrested at Odessa on a charge of Six Cubans, leaders of the Liberal Party, having conducted secret meetings of are arrested in Havana on a charge of soldiers, and plotting to kill all the conspiring against the Government and authorities. plotting to assassinate President Palma. Despatches from Cuba state that the Gov- The Czar of Russia sounds a call of un- ernment is now willing to negotiate compromising war with terrorists and for peace with the insurgents and an- revolutionists. Riots and the throwing other meeting of the veterans will be of bombs continue throughout the held to devise a plan of settlement. empire. September 4. — French bishops and arch- August 20.— Despatches from Santiago de bishops meet in Paris to determine the Chile state that refugees from Valparaiso attitude of the Church toward the law declare that 1,000 corpses have separating Church and State. already been buried. Twenty-five pil- Hundreds of persons are arrested in lagers have been shot and the stricken Warsaw. It is believed that a large district is now under martial law. number of revolutionists have left Details of the damage done in the Warsaw for the purpose of terrorizing smaller towns is still lacking, but the the country districts. property losses are estimated at from Tatar-Armenian hostilities are in full $200,000,000 to $300,000,000. swing in several districts of Southeast- President Palma of Cuba issues a decree ern Caucasus. appointing Gen. Rafael Montalvo, sec- Floods destroy a large section of the retary of public works, to be in direct Behar District, India, and a famine charge of all military operations against is feared. The inhabitants of the the insurgents, and increases the num- lowlands have been forced to seek ber of Rural Guards to 4,000. One refuge in the hills and live on half-ripe hundred Rural Guards and 50 artillery- wheat. men leave Havana for Pinar del Rio, The situation in Cuba seems to grow the scene of the revolutionary move- worse. It is reported that two-thirds ments. of the people in the country and small September 2.— Reports from Russia state towns of the provinces of Pinar del Rio, NEWS RECORD 637

Havana and Santa Clara are either September 7.— Russian reactionists oppose insurgents in fact or in sentiment. Premier Stolypin because of his refusal September 5.— Party leaders meet in Cuba, to abandon proposed reforms, while and hopes of an agreement are strong. the reform elements threaten that un- Fighting ceases for the present. less the distribution of lands to peasants An official communication embodying and the removal of restrictive laws the Russian Government's program have a more sweepingeffect than antici- is published at St. Petersburg. It pated the coming Parliament is likely grants reforms and increases penalties. to be even more radical than the first It embraces court-martial for political one. The Social Revolutionists resolve crimes and an increase of penalties to continue terrorism and to aim at the for revolutionary propaganda, and lives of the highest officials. A few expresses a firm determination to days ago an attempt was made on the preserve order. Among the reforms life of M. Kryshanovsky, vice-minister granted are the immediate abolition of the interior. of useless restrictions on Jews, measures The Trades Union Congress of Great in the direction of greater provincial Britain unanimously instructs the Labor autonomy, an income tax, reforms in members of Parliament to introduce a police services the and other public bill for the national ownership of all and the introduction of zemstvos in railways, canals and mines in the Poland and the Baltic Provinces. United Kingdom. September 6.— Premier Stolypin's announce- Pino Guerra, the Cuban revolutionist ment of the Russian Government's leader, refuses all overtures from the plans for reforms has a quieting effect Government for peace. The rebellion on the people. Terrorists burn a small is spreading, and it is believed that village near Powsin, Russian Poland. San Juan y Martinez has been recap- A despatch from Cienfuegos, Cuba, states tured by the rebels. that the rebels rout a detachment of Government troops near Camerones. September 8.—The Harvard eight -oared No appreciable progress toward anything crew is defeated by the crew of Cam- like a satisfactory understanding is bridge University, England, on the made by the peace conferences. Thames after a game struggle.

An Autumn Leaf

BY CHARLES HANSON TOWNE UPON my parchment, sadly old, The record lives of summer's gold; And in my veins there lingers now The joy of spring's awakening bough.

So I, like many a human heart Wherefrom Life's shining days depart, Keep valiantly some remnant yet Of dreams we never quite forget.

i i T_T OW does one get rich in politics ?" *-* " Oh, you simply go to the Senate, andthen it's the first turn to the left."

Big Profit

ED—That assemblyman seems to be making money. T Ned—No wonder. He buys votes for $2 each and sells his own for $5,000. — : a — —

uje Firincr Liine o ~

k^ The Circulation ManacrerT .

Secretary People's Party National Com- Counties. Delegates. Hoke Smith 120 308 mittee R.B.Russell 10 24 Clark Howell 8 16 H. Estill 4 12 beating the everlasting J. AFTER J. M. Smith 3 6 stuffing out of an opponent, I Now, we're not claiming that Wat- never feel like crowing over- son's did it —but it certainly helped. much. Somehow I can't help feeling a Hoke Smith stood against the railroad little sad for the poor devil who went gang and for the people. That was the down to defeat. No; it isn't exactly prime requisite; but the people had altruism; I think it's a sort of reflex to be told. And Watson's has circu- determinism, to coin a phrase. I was lated hundreds of thousands of copies born in Western Pennsylvania, where, in Georgia since the campaign began by the time I was "knee high to a perhaps not a county has been missed. grasshopper," to be a Democrat it The Atlanta Constitution has a big cir- took: culation in Georgia; it is a great paper everywhere. But it couldn't give its A gentleman's manners, 'Neath a rhinoceros hide, editor more than 8 lone counties out of 145; while Hoke Smith, backed by the (with apologies to W. Ghent; I'm J. people, the Atlanta Journal and Wat- quoting from memory. Maybe Carle- son's Magazine (both had many ton, in "Making an Editor Outen o' county papers back of them), had 120 Him, " didn't say it exactly so). counties and 308 delegates 124 more And, so, I know from sad experience than enough to elect. just how it feels to get "licked"—and That is surely a big enough victory how it feels to have the other fellow to be modestly proud of. And we are. "rub it in." Naturally, readers of Watson's will understand that I am hinting about Mr. Watson made a speech at Hoke Smith's great victory in the Thomson, Ga., his home town, early in Georgia Democratic primaries, because August. In the course of that speech they know that we have worked "tooth he said: " and toe-nail" for Hoke Smith, in From across the ocean where W. J. season and out. Bryan is the honored guest of kings and There were five candidates in the statesmen comes the cabled word: 'I 1896,' field, each with a newspaper or more am more of a radical now than in back of him—and Hoke Smith had when he had the Populist nomination. Watson's Magazine to boot. His And in this court-house, a few days ago, chief opponent, Clark Howell, is we heard the ablest Georgian that lives, editor of the Atlanta Constitution— the strongest man in this state, the great paper, as all will concede. Yet Hon. Hoke Smith, tell these people if here is the result there be no other way by which we can 638 ALONG THE FIRING LINE 639 control the corporations without the pose of that dachshund. But it's government ownership of railroads, too early to pledge ourselves. Mr. then I am in favor of the government Watson has always been a Jeffersonian ownership of railroads. Thank God! Democrat, and you can count on him thank God! That principle has tri- when Jeffersonian Democracy nomi- umphed, and good men of all parties nates one of its own on its own plat- are declaring for the people against the form. But he won't make a two-year banded corporations who have been advance pledge for a Parker-prayer-by- robbing them. megaphone-platform-by-telegraph can- "Ten or fifteen years ago W. J. didate. Bryan could not indorse the principle of the public ownership of public utili- ties. With the very last public utter- Mr. Watson was a prophet in his ance which he made, at the Jefferson Thomson speech. Last week (August dinner, in the City of Chicago, Mr. 25 to 31) was Bryan week in New Bryan declared, with the courage of a York. Mr. Bryan was expected to man who has intelligence enough to arrive here after nearly a year's trip learn and brave enough to advance around the world, on August 30. Elab- when he has learned, the time has come orate preparations had been made for to declare in favor of the public owner- his reception in New York under the ship of public utilities. Therefore, in auspices of the Commercial Travelers' 1908, to which we are all moving Anti-Trust League. Madison Square swiftly and surely, those of us who live Garden, with a seating (and standing) to see it will live to see W. J. Bryan, capacity of something like 25,000, had the peerless Democratic leader of the been secured for the reception. hosts of Democracy, under the banner I need not dwell on the particulars. of the People's Party." There were nearly one hundred and Immediately afterward some press twenty -five of my own brethren from bureau at Washington sent out a Nebraska, the first to arrive—" Bryan's bulletin which was copied by more than Home Folks"—and what they a hundred Democratic papers that didn't do to arouse the curiosity of reach this office, as follows: Father Knickerbocker would be much "Tom Watson of Georgia has re- easier to write than to tell what they turned to the Democratic fold and is did. In passing, I believe both Ne- welcomed as all honest voters are. braskans and New Yorkers have now With the Democrats successfully forc- a better knowledge and opinion of each ing reforms on an unwilling Congress, other. In that " Home Folks" delega- there is no need for a third party. tion were bankers who could tell Wall There are thousands of Tom Watsons Street a few things about an elastic in every state who have doubtless come currency; jurists as able as any in the to the same conclusion that he has, Empire State; insurance men who that it is the duty of all reformers to could have told Hughes a few things array themselves under the Democratic he did not find out; boys who can banner and aid in the defeat of the throw a running noose better than any party whose only slogan is 'stand pat Mexican and above all, men, real, " — and pass the hat.' manly men. Mr. Watson made no pledges for Bryan came. Need I quote—what 1908. No sensible man ought to do so I can't translate—" veni, vidi, vici." with respect to either of the old parties He certainly came. He saw some- —because no man knows just how they thing between 20,000 and 25,000 en- will line up. We might all be glad to thusiastic admirers at Madison Square vote for Roosevelt in 1908—if he'd tell Garden. And he certainly conquered us how to reform the spelling of his own a majority of that 20,000 or 25,000 with name ; or we might be glad to vote for his eloquent presentation of Populist Bryan—if he'd require Ruth to dis- principles. For he affirmed the quan- 640 WATSON'S MAGAZINE titative theory of money—but made the eleven or twelve billions of rail- no fetich of 16 to i; he stood for an roads than are all the seventy or eighty income tax—not the single tax; and million people! It may be that one- ' he came out boldly for public owner- sixth is bigger than unit y—but ' there's ship of railroads in the following words: nothing like that in our family tree." "I have already reached the conclu- If it's true, I've got to study Stoddard sion that railroads partake so much of and Ray all over again. the nature of a monopoly that they must ultimately become public property Maybe Bryan will back down in the and be managed by public officials in face of this storm of newspaper protest the interest of the whole community, —but I hate to think of it. Before in accordance with the well-defined the Parker incident in 1904, I should theory that public ownership is neces- have said, "No; by the eternal gods, sary where competition is impossible. he'll stand by it." But his swallowing I do not know that the country is Parker for regularity's sake, after ready for this change ; I do not know hiring a hall in Chicago to show the that a majority of my own party unfitness of Parker, rather keeps me favor it; but I believe that an in- guessing. Nevertheless, I'm willing creasing number of the members of to bet a cookie that in the next two all parties see in public ownership the years Mr. Bryan will have advanced sure remedy for discriminations be- the cause of public ownership many tween persons and places and for the fold. The Democratic organization extortionate rates for the carrying of may be powerful enough to whip him freight and passengers." into line in 1908 with some platform Since then most of the New York platitude about "control"—but I hope papers have been trying to scare Bryan not. In any event, he will have edu- away from his Government ownership cated enough persons up to the idea "fallacy." The New YorkWorld, espe- that "ownership" 's the thing, so that cially, has been almost in tears trying all the millions who believe in govern- to show him what an enormous burden ment transacting public business and it would be for eighty million people individuals transacting private busi- to own the eleven or twelve billion ness may get together and try to win. dollars' worth of railroads. I never * * * * * * heard that any railroad realized its I don't say they can win. They can interest on bonds or dividends on try. And even if they lose, they will stock from its stockholders; but fool- have paved the way for success. For ishly supposed that the people who some party big enough to win will use the railroads (and who does not?) eventually take up the problem and are the ones who pay such interest and solve it. dividends. Curious, isn't it, that some few hundred thousand railroad stock- holders are better equipped for owning ^^ WATSON'S MAGAZINE ADVERTISER 40 per cent Pllt in nripp unprecedented opportunity ^1*1 rm.1 pnv^ F0R CYCLOPEDIA BUYERS

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Another feature of the Way Ear Drum is a resilient ring formed by the curve, just before the drum tapers to a point. This absolutely prevents the drum from collapsing in the ear. Yet these drums are so soft and pliable that tbev cannot injure the most delicate ear passage. U. S. and foreign patents have been granted the Way Ear Drums.

If you have any trouble with your hearing, write Mr. Way— tell him the cause of your deafness and how long you have been deaf.

Remember you are not asked to take any " treat- ment," you run no risk of using something which might THE WHITE RIVER COUNTRY leave you worse than before its use. You are simply asked IN MISSOURI AND ARKANSAS to investigate a mechanical device, perfected after years of study, by a deaf man who by his own skill and re- search now hears perfectly. Address vour letters to A Land of Boundless Mineral and Agricultural GEORGE P. WAY, 1030 Majestic Bdlg., Detroit, Mich. Wealth and Marvelous Scenic Beauty Can be reached in one night by the Its Care, Diseases, MISSOURI PACIFIC RAILWAY and Treat- (Three Daily Trains) Hair ment. Via CARTHAGE, MO., or the Ry C. HENEI LEONARD, A. 11., M. D. IRON MOUNTAIN ROUTE \ Professor In the Detroit College of Medicine, sides. Octavo, 820 pages, limp $ i .00 postpaid. (Five Daily 7 rains) poi tpaid, Ronnd in neal cloth, (fill Bide title. $ 1 .50 ir Hip lias over mo engravings, and gives Belf-treatmenl ' Via NEWPORT, ARK. ins in • of the Hair. Beard and Scalp. 200 prescrlptii Bnglleh given. The new White River Division of the Missouri If ymir hair is falling out il tells VOO D.OW tO slop il. Pacific-Iron Mountain System is pre-eminently if turning gray, how to prevent It. the scenic line of the Southwest if growing slowly, how to hasten its growth. n if it is nil out. and hail bulbs are noi dead, how i<> m ake grow again. For further information, folders, maps, rates, If growing in nnsiirliilv places, how to remove it. new illustrated book, etc., address It toils von how iii bleach It, or dye it black, bn red or i>f a blonde A.Mr. H. C. TOWNSEND, THE ILLUSTRATED MEDICAL JOURNAL CO., GENERAL PASSENGER AND TICKET AGENT. ST. LOUIS, MO- DETIiOlT, JIICIIIOAN. PIANOS AND (ORNISH ORGANS Ridpath's History of the Vorld at a Great BARGAIN The Publishers' Failure Places in our handsthe remainder of their greatest publication. Brand new, latest edition, down to igo5, beautifully bound in half-morocco, at even LESS than DAMAGED SETS were ever sold We will name our price only in direct letters to those sending us the Coupon below. Tear off the Coupon, TWO YEARS' CREDIT IF NEEDED write arvd address plainly, and mail to \js Simple as A R to furnish your home with a beautiful HIrIi- name forget it. The sample pages are E REE. Briiae Cornlsb Pin no or Orpr:m, on a plan of payment arranged now before you to meet your convenience. Special terms. We can satisfy any IDPATH takes you back to the dawn of history, long before honest person and save one-Imlf D *^- the Pyramids of Egypt were built; down through the romantic, what fluents and dealers charge. CI DOT troubled times of Chaldea's grandeur and Assyria's magnificence: I Everybody has the benefit of our IP'Jt* FIRSTrind Roman splendors; factory prices and can buy on any of Babylonia's wealth and luxury; of Greek and n/MDAVMrMT refinement; of French elegance and IIP fa t# PAYMENTiM I IVI til I terms in reason. We will ship any of Mohammedan culture and Piano or Organ on 30 days' trial. British power; of American patriotism and religious freedom, to Balance at your Freight paid— In >ni- no money the dawn of yesterday. own convenience vnnce. (Joods shipped at our risk and safe delivery guaranteed. Pay- He throws the mantle of personality over the old heroes of history. Alex use in do the glory ment commences after one month's your own home. We ander is there— patriot, warrior, statesman, diplomat— crowning sell trashy ?o»

book— r> ooo recent purchaseis' names dents Harrison, Cleve- and addresses—some that you land and McK know. [effersonDavis Wallace, Tohn > ; 4. Our plan to give every pur- 7 Stoddard, Bisli KJMJll-lgJ^^-^^ssif chaser '. «• I'ltEIC sic lessons v Vincent, — Vie must successful tuition in the Di Cuyler, Rabbi lev i Id. Hirsch, Presi- All this and mention this magazine FREE if you write AT ONCE dents of Ann Arbor, Am- REMEMBER.! herst, Brown, TVe make here in our own large D a r t m o uth and complete Factories In beau- FIRST Tufts, Trinity, tiful Northern New Jersey, the Bates, Colby, !: Hoitin. it i : v <> w % i» $10 PAYMENT Smith, Vassar, BURNISH A II 10 It I 4 A V Yale and other IMAYOS AVI» Balance $5 a month or O It CANS. at venlence. Colleges, and We employ hundreds of skilled your con by the Great mechanics, and we build ami American Peo- sell at first Cost direct to the gen cr ill public, the finest Pianos and ple, 21)11,000 Organs in America. )'<.« can't (let I Cormsh if yen don't come to us it. and la A. Please mail, without direct, and if yon do we insure cost to me, sample pages your satisfaction by our iron-clad W" ^Sy of Rulpath's History con, bond hacked up by a Million Dol- taming liis famous "Race lars of I'lant ami Property, $1 only ^ Chart" in color-, map of China brings the <{^ and Japan, diagram of Panama complete set S$~ Canal, specimen pages fr"m the CV work, etc.; and write me full par- PER balance small ticulars of your special nITer to Wat- $5 MONTH suits monthly. son's Magazine readers. MAIL ^ On Our Easy Pay- Ef" ^ Name. ment Plan. COUPON TODAY, Addre (ornishCq. DeptT.W. Washington, N.J.— Established 50 Years WATSON'S MAGAZINE ADVERTISER

Yearly In

We will teach you the REAL ESTATF, GENERAL BROKERAGE and INSURANCE BUSINESS by mail. This is your opportunity between to succeed without capital. One of our gradu- ates made over $8,000 the first year after taking our course. Chicago St.Paul By our system you can learn the business and make money in a few weeks without interfering Minneapolis with your present occupation. All graduates appointed represen tatives of leading inter- Kansas City national brokerage companies who will furnish choice, salable real estate and investments, co- and Omaha operate with and help you to make a large sr eadv income. Our co-operative methods in- sure larger and steadier profits than ever before. Every business man engaged in or expecting Chicago to engage in the Real Estate Business should take this course of instruction. It will be of assistance to persons in all lines of busi- Great great ness, especially those dealing or investing in re ate WESTERN FULL COURSE IN COMMERCIAL LAW ILVVAV GIVEN FREE TO EVERY REAL ESTATE *| A STUDENT. Our FREE BOOK is valuable and interesting J.P.Elmer genl.passchagt. YOU CAN SUCCEED. Write and tells how St.Paul Minn. for it. All Acents 5ELLTiCKfT5»"THis Line j THE CROSS CO., 303 Reaper Block, Chicago

T Tailored-to- Order l ou heai Savings Danks £the state- ment con- Suits only $12.50 st a n 1 1 y made that Perfect Fit Guaranteed or Your Money Refunded "anything to $100 FORFEIT: We will pay thisJorfeit p a y i n g anyonewho will prove we do not cut, trim and tailor every suit strictly in accordance with more than the 4 per cent, paid by Sa\ ings the measurements and instructions sent vs. Banks is risky." If this is so, then it would $6.50 Trousers Free be risky to put your money in a Savings Our Offer To You Bank, because the only use the Bank lias Providing you will agree for the money is to put it into something , to hand 10 sets of our ad- vertising matter to 10 of where it will earn more than 4 per cent. ' your friends likely to ordertailored suits soon, we will give you a pair The Savings Bank's only source of of our regular $6.50 trousers, tailored-to- income is the difference in interest your-order, FREE with any of our tailored-to- between the rate the Bank pays you and order $12.50 Suits, or with our better grades the rate the Bank gets by re-loaning at $15. $18 and $20. the Write today for sam- money. ples of our fine All- Wool and Pure Worsted The fact that Bankers usually become Suitings, in all the new wealthy is proof that there isn't llllH'll weaves, together with City Fashion Plates, risk in putting money where ii will earn simple instructions for taking meas- urements, order blanks and tape a good deal more than 1 per rout. measure. Notice: Be sure to ask Let us tell you how. Send TO-DAY for for samples of the $6.50 Trouserings we make and give FREE. Booklet "('." MAILED FREE ^ ^Oweii X. Moses (Kb Co. I City Tailors. 195 Motet Bide., Chicago. I References: 1,000,000 satisfied customers, or Milwaukee Avcmio Union Securities Co. of Nevada V^ State Bank, Chicago. Capital Stock, $250.000.00. ^ 27 William Street, New York —

This 1900 Washer 5

needn't I Oil send me Send No Money But acent of money. I'll ship my 522 Pay Me By the Week washer to any responsible party on their request without their send- Out of what It Saves ing me a penny of cash. By saving you a washwoman's wanes— or. if yon do your own washing, by Having your time — or, in either Case, by saving wear and tear on your clothes, my washer will save its own cost many times over. Thus it pays for itself. And you can pay mo for the washer by Heading me, each week for a few weeks, part of what it saves for you until the washer is paid for. I'm only too glad to trust any responsible party. And as this washer works hy natural motive power— helped by its own weight you have to help it only a very little. It almost works of itself. I guarantee my 1900 Home Washer for 4 years and you can pay me Guaranteed 4 Years by the week, or month (suit yourself)—out of what it saves for you. Just your name and address on a post card or in a letter

will bring you my Big Illustrated Washer Book— I he finest ever printed. It is FREE. I send it postpaid by return mail on receipt of your request. It shows washers costing all the way from $12.75 for my new improved Gravity- working washer down to my "1900 Home V\ asher' shown here at $3 50. They are all tine washers. Orderany one you want ami pay font onmy "Pay-as-It-Saves for-You" Plan. $5,511 is less than is asked by any other concern, of known standing, for any kind of a washing machine. And— at that -other machines are only imitations of mine. My] Washer was not only the first— hut, for years, was the only washer of any standing. 1 sell more washers than all other com. cerns put together— Half of all the up-to-date familes in this country own a 1000 Washer. And why should you pay good money for an imitation washer when you can get the genuine— a "1900 Home"— for less money. Remember you send no money. I gladly trust you. Address JR. F. Bieber, Manager OOOWasherCo. 79 Henry St. Binghamton, N.Y. LET ME SHOW YOU

Stereopticons Picture TO MAKE MONEY mm and Moving Machines— all HOW sizes, ail prices. •"••J Views illustrating timely subjects. (The same as I have shown over 4,000 others) ine thing for Church and "Home Entertainments. Men with No matter where you are located or what nail capital make money giving public exhibitions. Illustrated your former occupation, if you are gue honest and ambitious, I will teach you the Real tree McALLISTER MFG. OPTICIAN, *3&as£- Estate, Insurance and General Brokerage Business thoroughly by mail appoint you Cor. lltK Street And Vniversity Pla.ce SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE (One Block from Broadway Cars.) of my Company (the largest in America), and assist you to become a prosperous and su.( ssful business man with an income of I lira $3,000 to $5,000 annually. Unusual opportunity for men ivitbnnt capital to be» come independent for life. Valuable Book and full par* nam. umr ficnlars l'KKK. Write today. Address either office. \ Modem FIKE-PROOF" Hotel—a dining ro mi that is famous for EDWIN R. MARDEN, President excellent food and moderate prices. sp< rial Club Breakfasts, Realty c, Ite, 50c— Lunches, t<»p : and our Famous ( nurse Dinners, 75e. Nat'l Co-Operative Co. Athenaeum BId£. 125 Maryland Bld(£ ROOMS, $1.00 123 °„r WITH PRIVATE BATH, $2.00 Chicago, 111. Washington, D. C. WITH DETACHED BATH, $1.50 Quiet and Comfort: Within easy walking distance of the (ireat epartment stores. Wanainaker's, two minutes : Siegel cooper's :lii minutes, etc. Easy access to all points of interest. Also close of Interest WHOLESALE DISTRICT. A New Story Great rhe Best Hotel Value in By FREDERIC C. HOWE New York City Hide Book ofSew York City sent WtH K on roqiu'st. THE CONFESSIONS I O-AJJT SELL MONOPOLIST four Real Estate or Business OF A LOCATED NO MATTER WHERE is now running as a serial in THE PUBLIC, for cash roperties and Business of all kinds sold quickly Wait. A Journal of Fundamental Democracy and a in all parts of the United States Don t Write to-day describing what you have to Weekly Narrative of History in the Making. sell and give cash price on same. LOUIS F. POST, Editor IF YOU WAUT TO BUY ny kind of Business or Real Estate anywhere, at any Published every Saturday in Chicago price, write me vour requirements. I can save you time and money. DAVID P. TAFF, Subscription: $1.00 yearly; 50c. half-yearly; 25c. quarterly LJ^TVT> 7>T A TV. rHE THE PUBLIC, First National Bank Buildg., 415 KANSAS AVENUE, opeka, Kansas* CHICAGO. ILL. —

WATSON'S MAGAZINE ADVERTISER Classified Advertising The charge for advertisements appearing under this heading is 60 cents per agate line. No advertisement of less than 4 lines, or more than 10 lines, accepted. Allow 8 words to the line. Classified forms close 2d of month preceding date of issue. INVESTMENTS REAL ESTATE

SEND FOR PROSPECTUS: \\ e are going to sell enough FOR SALE—81,000 acre ranch, 15 miles from Santa Fe, stock to build Cyanide Mill to treat our low grade ore. N. M. 3000 irrigated. Gold and Coal on Ranch. Price Fortv thousand tons waiting for mill and supply being S4.25 per acre, or S2.12* for half interest. U. S. Renne, abided to daily. Stock now 25 cents per share. Will be Smithland , la. months. has no debts. above $1 00 in twelve Company, ORLEANS BUSINESS PROPERTY. I have for Rare chance NEW Endoised by everv one of our home banks. sale nearly half a square fronting on three streets, near big profits quickly. for men with small capital to make Canal Street and the new Frisco Terminal Station. Now York. F. D. Tiffany, No. 1 Madison Avenue, New covered with numerous small business houses and one pala- GUARANTEED MORTGAGE investments. Interest at 5 tial residence, The finest location in the city fi .r Commercial 4-10% & 6% From S1200 up. Gilt-edged properties. Mort- purposes. Can le bought for $1.80,000 co. Owner desires gages Insured. My reference is Hamilton Trust Co., Phila- to leave this country permanently. Buy now and double Phila- delphia. Charles H. Buckley W. 38 So. Fortieth St., vour money within five vears. j. M. LAN E , REAL delphia. ESTATE BROKER, 718MACHECA BUILDING, NEW ORLEANS, LA. LOS ANGELES, CAU, first mortgages, 6 & 7% net, title _____ guaranteed, papers all complete, delivered through your own BUY A FARM IN PENNSYLVANIA, NEW JERSEY bank. Investments, reports, and appraisals free. Bank OR DELAWARE. The best States -for profitable farming references. 25 ys. exp. L. C. Crossmin, W. Chamber of soil adapted to a great variety ot crop; near markets that pa) Commerce Building. best prices for your products; farm lands in three States my specialty—sold and bought; write for particulars. Rav I HANDLE NOTHING BUT DIVIDEND PAYING se- mond C. Frick, 1 102 T. Real Estate Trust Building. Philadel- curities, and invite your correspondence regarding any you phia, Pa. may desire to buy, sell or exchange. List on application. H. L. McCauley, 1524 W. Che stnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. IOWA FARMS FOR SALE AND EXCHANGE. W have some of the best bargains in improved farms in Iowa FOR SALE 5% first Mortgage gold Bonds to net sf%, — for our new illustrated list. Northern Iowa Land principal and semi-annual interest payable in New York Send Co. Independence. Iowa. Box T. W. issued by a Water and Light Company with Liberal City franchise in one of the best towns in the South. Jas. Thomp- BIG BARGAINS IN LAND for Investment or Home- son, Walhal la, S. C. seeker in Missouri, Kansas, Sunny Texas and Mississippi \ Large and small tracts. The Investors Realty Co., 696 W BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES Hall Bldg., Kansas City, U. S. A. INVESTORS—HOME-SEEKERS— take notice. Wt Ass'n 6% ON YOUR MONEY by local Building & Loan have for sale 150,000 acres of the richest improved and un- to an 14 years in business. Never had a loss, or failed meet improved land in Indian Territory and the Southwest Write for free literature. obligation. Stock in force $750,000. Fertile soil— ideal climate—has no competitor for the raisin* Ala. Jefferson County B. & L. Association, Birmingham, of stock and the growing of the various fruits and grains 10% if your money earns less, write us. We have an Devore-Birkeland & Co.. T. W. 1 31 La Salle St.. Chicago, 111. business with enormous profits. No established national FARMING ALONG GULF IN TEXAS PAYS $500 ai V. M. Co ., Bond Bldg.. Wash ington, D. C. risk.- Investigate. acre. Will deed that land for Si 5 an acre on payments THERE ARE GOOD OPPORTUNITIES on the lecture Artesian water; Fine climate; Below Frost line; Have large and reading platform. Test your talent in a recital for Crit- body ready for Colonization, which will treble in value withli icism in your locality. Write for plan. Edward Amherst 18 months. Immigration Agts. Rock Island R. R. Excur Ott, 250 A. Sixty-first Street, Chicago, 111. sion $25.00. Oklahoma Texas Land Co., 511 W. Reape LET US BE YOUR FACTORY. Hardware specialties Block. Chicago. manufactured under contract, models developed. We are $;oo PER ACRE PROFIT IS THE RECORD for ou- specialists in patent articles. Prompt service, first-class farmers near Kingsville on the Gulf Coast line, Texas. th< workmanship, reasonable prices. America Co., T. W. Mo- Winter Vegetable Garden of America and the finest cottor mence, 111. land in Texas. Send for literature. The National Land Co.: 111. Box W. TEN VALUABLE MONEY-MAKING Formulas sent for 92 LaSalle St., Chicago, one dollar. Preparations that you can sell. That will pay A BEAUTY HOME of 2 acres. Finest climate. Nea-I big profits. W. Formulae Co., 83a Greenmount Ave., Balti- Frisco and University, only S500. Secure it till you can in more, M d. vestigate by deposit of $25, returnable. Easy payments' Greater San Francisco Corp'n "HOME COMPANION TOOL SET— No. 710—Special Commissions executed. Mayfiel d, Cal. Offer 41 individual tools in hardwood case, sent on receipt of $5.00. Every tool needed by the home carpenter. W. CALIFORNIA IRRIGATED land is best for home and in 1 Goode ll-Pratt Company, Greenfield, Mass. vestment 5.000 acres just secured in richest section. Tei; time ample water. Level and clean WANTED—Patented specialties of merit. "We have acres ample Long — right. Extra inducements to those wh branch offices in the principal cities of Europe and agencies Perpetual water ; S ,0 to Sso per acre. W . H. Wise, nS T W all over the world. Our correspondence is in eight languages. improve ., Los Angeles, Cal. PoweT S-T-eialty C o.. T. W. Detroit. Mich. Hollman Bldg ' BUSINESS SELF-TAUGHT. I teaclj CUBA: Tropical Fruit plantation: Oranges, Grapefruit, REAL ESTATE Best in world. Sure money- makers" Cocoanuts, Coffee; on ten years' time: profits enormous; California methods. how. Particulars and map Los V . investment of kind. By reliable, experienced men; 7 My course shows Best Carney, Stimson Block, Los Angeles years' experience in Cuban fruit growing; Agents wanted, free. Write today. W.A. (' ACRE. Balance cnti either sex. Address, Buena Vista Fruit Co., 101 W. Tremont \1 IPORNIA LAND S1.00 taxes No "iteresti St.. Boston, Mass chase $1.00 week for each 5 acres. No to Level, rich, clear. Ready , WE CAN SELL OR EXCHANGE YOUR BUSINESS or 5 acre tracts. water right. Immediate p real estate no matter where located; or find any kind of Busi- irrigation. Perpetual Photographs foi ness or Real Estate for you anywhere in U. S. & Canada. given Particulars, Maps, Ness Avenue, San Fra:; Write, Fidelity Real Estate & Trust Co., C. Bee Bldg., Stevinson, Colony, 70 * W. Van till Omaha, Neb. DON'T BUY REAL ESTATE of any kind you | the New Fruitland Colony C<> PATCHES OF TIMBER turned into big profits by our plan and particulars regarding Have great bargains t portable beltless combined sawmill and engine. Small capi- of Georgia on the G. S. & Fla. R. R Residences and Business $1 5.00. Acres: tal required; easy terms. Glean your county for bargains in offer Town lots, tl ; crops year averaging Si 50 timber. Lumber prices rising. Wm. Bartley & Sons, W. low as S7 50 adjoining town. will hear of trnri $400 tier acre. Send name. You Bartley, N. J. Clark 51 knew before. Fruitland Colony t o., W 125 WANTED A PARTNER WITH $25,000 to $50,000. We never Chicago. Ill G. S Fla. R R __, A Macon, Pa. established and growing business, but lack capital to _ have an bit' 0.1 and $10.00 for nine consecutive months nush it. An investment of thousands will net millions. The $7o down county seat ot the greatej . booming investor must be a business man and a worker. Write for par- a lot in Arcadia. Fla the ' " region in the state. Remit at on«! ticulars, and state fully amount you would invest, previous Florida Orange & Cattle Address, R. C. Selvidge, Brandon, Mis business experience, etc. Purifico Mfg. Co., B. Ashville, N. Y to get in this offer. WATSON'S MAGAZINE ADVERTISER Classified Advertising LAWYERS MISCELLANEOUS

SAMUEL W. WILLIAMS, Attorney at Law, Baecher MOTION PICTURE MACHINES, Film Views, Magic Lan- Block Vincennes, Indiana, Practice in all the terns, Slides and similar Wonders For Sale. Catalogue Free. courts. Refer to German National Bank, Vincennes, We also Buy Magic Picture Machines, Films, Slides, etc. Ind. R. Harbach, 809 Filbert Street, Philadelphia, Pa. DEROOS BAILEY, Lawyer, English Block, Muskogee, MOVING PICTURES. MONEY MADE FAST and Indian Territory. Commercial and Corporation Law a easily with our outfits. We also make Magic Lanterns, for A. specialty. References: First National Bank, City National Slides, etc. Send catalogue. Moore-Bond Co., 106 Bank, and Bank of Muskogee. Franklin St., Chicago, 111. OPTICAL GOODS AT WHOLESALE. Genuine Gold Filled Spectacles (not plated), fitted with first quality peri- BOOKS scopic lens. Si .00. Send for free catalogue and ocular- meter to test your eyes. Jena Optical Co., Dept. W. THE FOUR POWERS OF EARTH. Free land. So- Chicago, 111. called science uncovered. In one volume. Price 20 cents. Will advance book to any address postage prepaid. J. Harvey THE DEAF CAN HEAR WITH THE ACOUSTICON. Jenkins, Thomasville. Ga. Instruments for individual use. Churches equipped. Thou- sands in use. 40 page cat. free. Acoustic Co., W. 1265 OFFICIAL HISTORY ' Christian Endeavor in All Lands" Broadway, New York. by Rev. Clark, Founder and President. Wonderful Record, members. Large book, 25 years, 66,772 branches, 3,500,000 PANAMA CANAL POST CARDS:—Showing the big s in every Christian 62 pages, 200 illustrations. Needed steam shovels and dredges in actual operation. Views of the postpaid. Offers home. Beautifully bound. Only S2.25 canal and the dense tropical jungles in colors. Most interest- great for agents. Particulars and terms free. opportunity ing views ever printed. Set of 35 different Si .00 mailed Write todav. Premier Publishing Co., 630 W. Chestnut D. E. Sanders, from Panama. W. Park Bldg , Boston, St.. Philadelphia. Mass.

MALE AND FEMALE HELP WANTED ~ OUR PLANT is specially equipped to handle commercial work, enabling us to do it more economically than others. We have envelopes, bill heads, cards and statements Si. 30 "FIRE CHIEF," Latest, Most Effective Extinguisher. per thousand up. Samples of these and better grades prompt- Acts instantly without damage to surroundings. Handsome, ly mailed to business men. We also have special price list Light, inexpensive. Demand universal. S40 per Week to which includes delivery to far-away points at low rate-:. High Class Competent Agents. Write today for terms and Orders promptlv shipped; get our figures for other work. L. territorv. Western Fire Appliance Co., 866 T. The Spitzer, Fink & Sons, Printers, 5th & Chestnut, T. W. Philadel- Toledo, "O, phia. Pa. AGENTS WANTED to sell the best Kettles in the World INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE LINES. HAVE A for Cooking, Steaming, Straining and Preserving Food of all telephone service of your own. We furnish full particulars to kinds: no more burned or scalded hands, no more food responsible parties for building and equipping. Physicians, wasted. Sample and territory free. For particulars write to Farmers and local Merchants especially desirable. Anyone American Specialty Stamping Co., Johnstown, Pa., Dept. T.W. can operate under our instructions. Write for FREE book to SAFETY DOOR LOCK can be used without tools on any Cadiz Electric Co., 86 C. C. C. Building, Cadiz, Ohio. door without scratching. Proof against burglars, sneak without thieves, and pass keys. Pocket size, 2 5 cents. Exclusive STOOPING SHOULDERS—A habit cured har- territory to good agents. Large profits. Send for ramples ness or binding braces. The Vitality Suspender scientifically and terms. Safety Door Lock Co., Seattle, Wash. Dept. S.W constructed to make large, strong muscles of back carry weight of trousers—through the unconscious law of equipoise YOU CAN SELL PORCELA to every bathtub owner in —the chest is thrown out with abdomen back—insuring free the U. S. —and th?re are millions of them. Easy to -ell; heart circulation—good lung action—deep breathing—nat- liberal profits to bright agents. Porcela is the only cleansing ural digestion. A Suspender not a harness. Sent by mail preparation that preserves the lustre of the porcelain enamel postpaid one dollar. The Perfection Mfg. Co., Box 90, W. while cleaning it. Porcela cleans everything from kitchen to Girard, Ohio. bath-room. Write for information to-day. Porcela Com- pany, Sales Dept. P. W. Pittsburgh, Pa. A CHECKING BANK ACCOUNT FOR ONE DOLLAR. Exceptional facilities offered parties desiring out-of-town AGENTS WANTED to handle our line of high grade banking accommodations. Unrestricted checking accounts Novelties. Great sellers for cigar stores and newsdealers. opened upon deposit of Si or more. Loans and collections. Large profits. Catalogue of ?oo and wholesale prices free. Address Banking House, Box 10 1, T.W. Allentown, Pa. Write to-day . National Mfg. Co., Box 1888, T. Norfolk, Va. THE HEARWELL TELEPHONE ATTACHMENT PLAY WRITING IS A PROFESSION. Prominent makes you hear better and shuts off outside noises. An Dramatist will give full course of practical instruction by cor- agency is open for you whether you have a store or are em- respondence and will place available plays for students. ploye 1. Big opportunity. Hearwell Co., W. 1 ^09 Arch Address Dramatist, Box 209, E. Madison Square Post Office, St., Philadelphia, Pa. New York.

ADVERTISERS to use space in the CLASSIFIED DEPARTMENT of WANTED WATSON'S MAGAZINE, which reaches the most prosperous class of people in the Southern States, Men and Women who read and preserve each number,

a condition which materially adds to the life of the advertising it carries. CLASSIFIED FORMS close 2d of month preceding date of Issue. Send copy at once for the November Number. REMITTANCE covering charge for insertion MUST ACCOMPANY ORDER ABRAHAM LINCOLN was the radical of his day. Many of the views expressed in his letters and speeches would strike a "good Republican" of today as extremely radical. ARE YOU ACQUAINTED

Wth the great commoner's views on political and religious liberty, on alien immi- gration, on the relation of labor and capital, on the colonization of negroes, on free labor, on lynch law,

on the doctrine that all men are created equal, on the importance of young men in politics, on popular sovereignty, on woman suffrage? All of his views are to be found in this edi- tion of "LINCOLN'S LETTERS AND AD- DRESSES," the first complete collection to be pub- lished in a single volume. Bound in an artistic green crash cloth, stamped in gold. Printed in a plain, readable type, on an opaque featherweight paper.

For $1.65, sent direct to this office, we will en- ter a year's subscription to WATSON'S MAGAZINE and mail a copy of LINCOLN'S LETTERS AND ADDRESSES, postage pre- paid. This handsome book and Watson's

Magazine—both for only $ 1 .65. Send to-dry Do it now. TOM WATSON'S MAGAZINE 21 West 42d St., New York City —

[f You Can Sell Goods You cannot find another proposition that guarantees you as handsome an income as this one.

First of all we manufacture the finest line of razors, both Safety and Old Style, in the world. And Second, we have a plan to aid you in selling them that absolutely puts an end to competition. Not another razor maker does or can make this offer, because by our plaH, every sale depends entirely on the merit of the goods, making it impossible to

sell a defective article. HERE IS OUR PLAN: Nineteen out of every twenty men shave or are shaved. Those who shave P. E. SHERMAN, PREST. themselves are always on the lookout for a better razor than the one they use. hid there is not a patron of the barber but would prefer to shave himself if he could find a razor he could use.

Our plan is this : We will assign you a territory, we will allow you to furnish every man n your territory who shaves with a razor, either Safety or Old Style, for i Seven Days' Free Trial.

He need not deposit a penny. If, after the trial, he is satisfied in every way, he can purchase the azor for cash or on the installment plan. Every sale must depend entirely on the quality of our razor. No need of argument and persuasion on 'our part. Simply show the man one of our attractive outfits and induce him to accept the free trial offer. Tell hirr that he will never need to strop or hone one of tur blades — neither will he be put to any expense in having t done. Tell him that with every razor we issue an absolute

;uarantee to keep the blades in perfect condition for all time.

Every man who shaves is susceptible to so attractive a proposition. You need not possess marked ability as a salesman—.any man can ell such a razor on such plans.

All we require is that you furnish first-class references and express i determination to work hard and faithfully. Let us send you further particulars regarding this exceptional

)pportunity. But you must write us at once if you would be certain

)f securing a territory in your vicinity, as this and >ther advertisements are certain to bring us a mass )f inquiries. One man in three hours secured a razor for his nvn use free besides §14.50 cash just among his mmediate iriends; one agent made $229.50 first 26 days—others making 350.00 to $100.00 weekly.

\'II or part of your time profitably employed ; write im- nediatelv before territory is all gone for Booklet, Ref- erences, Testimonials, and Special Proposition. ADDRESS AGENCY SUPERINTENDENT Sherman & Company, inc., 281-283 Water St., New York City .

SAVED 20 TIMES ITS COST"

"1 am writing this." savsC. F. Parmelee, Highlands, >.J., - by the light ol one of jour Angle Lamps. In fact, 1 would not think of using any other light. The; are THE lamps. h»ery one who has Shoes mine is impressed with them. Why, 1 ha>e sated at least 20 times their eoat FOR " In oil, burner, chimneys and -cuss words.' e ^3.50 .0 For MEN

In Fractional Sizes at Factory Price.

We fit you perfectly and save you the jobber's and retailer's profits. The sole of a Reliance shoe is made of oak bark-tanned leather, tough and dur- able, and costs as much as the sole of any 5 6oo shoe. Every piece of leather in every Reliance shoe is up to the 615 same high standard. The workman- Patent Colt ship is the product of the most skilled The ANGLE LAMP Rlurher. shoemakers. Reliance shoes are made $3.75 delivered on custom lasts and handsomely fin- The Angle Lamp is not an improvement on the old style lamp, ., shape-reiaining ished. In wear and but an entirely new principle of oil lighting which has made common t guarantee the Reliance qualities, foot comfort and style, we kerosene (or coal oil) the most satisfactory of all lighting meth- ds. j at $3 50 equal to any S600 shoe made. The graceful curve Safer and more reliable than gasoline, or acetylene, yet as convenient I of the heel prevents slipping up and down, and the narrow to operate as gas or electricity. shank properly supports the weight and gives the foot Tue Angle Lamp is lighted and extinguished likeeas. May be turned [ Filled while lighted absolute comfort. If you'll investigate Reliance shoes, you 11 high or low without odor. No smoke, no danger. but once or twice a week. It wear no other make. Be fair to yourself and do it now. We and without moving. Requires filling Is with i's beautiful, soft, mellow light that has no equal. fully satisfy you in every way or return your money. floo a room WRITE FOR OUR CATALOG "27" and our pr. position for a Write for our free stylebook and measurement blank. Delivered, express prepaid, 93.75. 30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL Write for our Catalog "27" listing 32 varieties of The Angle Lamp you turn this leaf—for Shoe Company, from S1.80 up, now—before you forget it—before Reliance it gives you the benefit of our ten years' experience with all light- ing methods, 40 Main St.. Friendship, N. Y. THE ANGLE MFG. CO., 78-80 Murray Street. NEW YORK

THE IMPROVED ton MINNEN'J Garter Borated Talcum WORN ALL OVER TOILET THE WORLD REFUSE ALL POWDER SUBSTITUTES OFFERED YOU

_ The Name is stamped on ever loop — The Mermen Caddie offers instant relief from chaps and skin roughness which keen fall winds bring tooutof door folks. CUSHION MEJTNEN'S BORATED BUTTON TALCUM POWDER soothes and heals all chafing and chapping, and is put up in non- CLASP refillable box—Mennen's face on the cover guarantees it's genuine. LIES FLAT TO THE LEG— NEVER For sale everywhere, or by SLIPS, TEARS NOR UNFASTENS mail for 25 cts. GERHARD Sample pair, Silk 50c., Cotton 25c. Mailed on receipt of price. MENNENC0. Newark. N.J. GEO. FROST CO., Makers "Try Mm. Boston, Mass., U.S.A. nen'l VilUt Ta hum Powdtr." ALWAYS EASY