The Key to the Entire Situation1
The Key to the Entire Situation1 The Peach Orchard, July 2, 1863 Eric A. Campbell “The Peach Orchard is located at the junction of the Emmetsburg and the Wheatfield…roads, and is on a hill or high knoll… Many histories have been written; but, in all, the fighting at the Peach Orchard, which barely escaped bringing disaster to the Army [of the Potomac], has been hardly referred to, as of any importance.” 2 th Capt. John Bigelow, 9 Massachusetts Battery Of all the landmarks on the Gettysburg battlefield made famous by the fighting of July 2, 1863 (such as Little Round Top, Devil's Den, the Wheatfield, Culp’s Hill, and Cemetery Hill), the one that has received the least amount of attention is the Peach Orchard. This is somewhat puzzling, for not only was the combat that occurred there critical in the overall struggle that day, but it also involved some of the most well-known personalities of the battle: men such as James Longstreet, Daniel Sickles, George Meade, and William Barksdale. Even more surprising, two of the most hotly debated controversies of this historic engagement, the Meade-Sickles Controversy and the Longstreet Countermarch episode, are associated with the events surrounding the Peach Orchard. Despite this lack attention, it can be argued that no single area more heavily influenced the events of the second day of the battle than did the Peach Orchard. Indeed the orchard, and the surrounding terrain, affected nearly every phase of the battle, from the creation of the opposing battle lines and battle plans that morning, to the tactical level of troop movements and combat in the afternoon and early evening.
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