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Crop Profile for Raspberries in Canada

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Crop Profile for Raspberries in Canada Crop Profile for Raspberry in Canada Prepared by: Pesticide Risk Reduction Program Pest Management Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada January 2007 1 Crop Profile for Raspberry in Canada Pest Management Centre Pesticide Risk Reduction Program Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 960 Carling Avenue, Building 57 Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6 CANADA This profile is based on a report prepared on contract (01B68-3-0042) by: Janice Elmhirst Elmhirst Diagnostics & Research 5727 Riverside Drive Abbotsford, BC, Canada V4X 1T6 The authors recognize the efforts of the Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA), provincial pest management representatives, industry specialists and growers in the gathering of information that was required, and the review and validation of the content of this publication. Product trade names may be included and are meant as an aid for the reader to facilitate the identification of products in general use. The use of these trade names does not imply endorsement of a particular product by the authors or any of the organizations represented in this publication. Information on pesticides and pest control techniques are provided for information purposes only. No endorsement of any of the pesticides or pest control techniques discussed is implied. Information contained in this publication is not intended to be used by growers as a production guide. Provincial publications should be consulted by growers for this information. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this publication is complete and accurate. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada does not assume liability for errors, omissions, or representations, expressed or implied, contained in any written or oral communication associated with this publication. Errors brought to the attention of the authors will be corrected in subsequent updates. 2 Table of Contents General Production Information ..................................................................................................... 5 Production Regions ..................................................................................................................... 5 Production Issues ............................................................................................................................ 8 Abiotic Factors Limiting Production......................................................................................... 11 Key Issues.................................................................................................................................. 11 Moisture ................................................................................................................................. 11 Diseases ........................................................................................................................................ 12 Key Issues.................................................................................................................................. 12 Major Diseases .......................................................................................................................... 14 Botrytis Fruit Rot, Cane Blight and Wilt (Botrytis cinerea).................................................. 14 Phytophthora Root Rot (Phytophthora fragariae var. rubi and other species....................... 14 Spur Blight (Didymella applanata)........................................................................................ 15 Anthracnose or cane spot (Elsinoe veneta and Colletotrichum spp.)..................................... 16 Yellow Rust (Phragmidium rubi-idaei) ................................................................................. 16 Late Yellow Rust (Pucciniastrum americanum).................................................................... 17 Fire Blight (Erwinia amylovora)............................................................................................ 18 Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus (RBDV) ................................................................................ 18 Minor Diseases .......................................................................................................................... 19 Cane Blight (Leptosphaeria coniothyrium)............................................................................ 19 Bacterial Blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae)......................................................... 19 Crown Gall (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) ............................................................................. 20 Nematodes - Root Lesion (Pratylenchus spp.), Dagger (Xiphinema spp.), Sting (Belonolaimus spp.)................................................................................................................ 21 Powdery Mildew (Sphaerotheca macularis).......................................................................... 22 Raspberry Ringspot (Tomato Ringspot Virus, TRV)............................................................. 22 Rhizopus Fruit Rot (watery berry) (Rhizopus spp.) ............................................................... 23 Verticillium Wilt (Verticillium dahliae and V. albo-atrum) .................................................. 23 Insects and Mites .......................................................................................................................... 31 Key Issues.................................................................................................................................. 31 Major Insects and Mites ............................................................................................................ 33 Weevils: Black Vine Weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus), Clay Coloured Weevil (Otiorhynchus singularis), Obscure Weevil (Sciopithes obscurus) and Strawberry Bud (clipper) Weevil (Anthonomus signatus)........................................................................................................... 33 Caterpillars: Obliquebanded Leafroller (Choristoneura rosaceana), Leaftiers and Loopers: Cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni), Bruce spanworm (Operophtera bruceata), winter moth (O. brumata) and Alfalfa looper (Autographa californica) ................................................... 33 Climbing Cutworms: Bertha Armyworm (Mamestra configurata) and Variegated Cutworm (Peridroma saucia) ................................................................................................................ 34 Raspberry Fruitworm (Byturus unicolor) and Western Raspberry Fruitworm (Byturus bakeri) ................................................................................................................................................ 35 Raspberry Crown Borer (Pennisetia marginata) ................................................................... 35 Red-necked Cane Borer (Agrilus ruficolis)............................................................................ 36 Raspberry Cane Borer (Oberea bimaculata) ......................................................................... 36 Spider Mites: Two Spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae), Yellow Spider Mite (Eotetranychus carpini borealis) and McDaniel spider mite (T. mcdanieli). ........................ 37 Raspberry Sawfly (Monophadnoides geniculatus) ................................................................ 38 Minor Insects and Mites ............................................................................................................ 38 3 Harvest Contaminants ............................................................................................................ 38 Raspberry Cane maggot (Pegomya rubivora)........................................................................ 39 Tarnished Plant Bug (Lygus lineolaris and other Lygus spp.) ............................................... 39 Raspberry Bud Moth (Lampronia rubiella)........................................................................... 40 Sap Beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae).................................................................................... 40 Leafhoppers............................................................................................................................ 41 Aphids : Small Raspberry Aphid (Aphis rubicola Oestlund) and the Large Raspberry Aphid (Amphorophora agathonica Hottes) ...................................................................................... 41 Thrips (Thysanoptera)............................................................................................................ 42 Straw-Coloured Tortrix Moth (Clepsis spectrana ) ............................................................... 42 Scales...................................................................................................................................... 42 Slugs .......................................................................................................................................... 43 Weeds............................................................................................................................................ 50 Key Issues.................................................................................................................................. 50 Major and Minor Weeds............................................................................................................ 51 Annual Grasses and Broadleaves ........................................................................................... 51 Perennial Grasses and Broadleaves.......................................................................................
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