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Study Guide for the Holocaust Memorial Miami Beach

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Study Guide for the Holocaust Memorial Miami Beach i Study Guide for the Holocaust Memorial Miami Beach by Dr. Michael Berenbaum ii Study Guide for the Holocaust Memorial Miami Beach Copyright© 2015 All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. ISBN: 978-1-935110-21-7 Printed in the United States iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements............................................................................................................................v Foreword by Dr. Michael Berenbaum A Basic Introduction to the Holocaust............................................................................................ix PART I: How to Use the App............................................................................................................1 PART II: FILMS..................................................................................................................................41 Introductory Film Survivor and Eight Films The World Before The Rise of Nazism Ghettoization Einsatzgruppen Deportation Death Camps Liberation The World After PART III: Five Audio Programs......................................................................................................36 “Kristallnacht” “The MS St. Louis” “Kindertransport” “Partisans” “Hiding” PART IV: Sculpture Tour of the Memorial....................................................................................49 PART V: Lesson Plans for the Memorial.......................................................................................54 LESSON PLAN 1: Refl ection...........................................................................................................56 LESSON PLAN 2: Before..................................................................................................................61 LESSON PLAN 3: Retelling the Stories..........................................................................................64 LESSON PLAN 4: Camps.................................................................................................................73 LESSON PLAN 5: In Hiding............................................................................................................78 LESSON PLAN 6: After the War....................................................................................................83 PART VI: How to Use Other Elemenets of This Guide................................................................89 PARTVII: Historical Perspectives....................................................................................................95 A History of the Holocaust: An Overview Timeline Glossary PART VIII: Methodological Considerations................................................................................116 iv PART IX: General Research and Discussion Topics on the Nazi Holocaust..........................124 PART X: Sources for Further Study.............................................................................................128 Webography v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Sponsored in part by the State of Florida, Department of State, Division of Cultural Affairs and the Florida Council on Arts and Culture and The Hecksher Foundation for Children With deepest gratitude for the creation of lesson plans for classroom use: Jody Passanisi, Educational Consultant Sharon Horowitz, Executive Director, Holocaust Memorial Miami Beach Dr. Michael Berenbaum, Director, Sigi Ziering Institute, Exploring the Ethical and Religious Implications of the Holocaust, Professor of Jewish Studies, American Jewish University, Los Angeles And to Andrew C. Hall, Esq. Chair of the Holocaust Memorial Miami Beach for his vision and dedication to the importance of Holocaust education With gratitude for their expertise and permission in using the matieral in this guide: Dr. Michael Berenbaum Dr, Miriam Klein Kassenoff vi MEDIA PRODUCED BY WINIKUR PRODUCTIONS Ken Winikur, Producer/Director Liza Hudock, Associate Producer Stephen LoVerme, Editor/Motion Graphics Juliette Sutherland, Additional Editing Nicole Bedard, Animation MUSIC Killer Tracks Will Ponture FEATURED SURVIVORS AND LIBERATORS (in alphabetical order) Magda Bader Leon Bass Judith Becker Benjamin Bedzow Bessie Eichler Bedzow Helen Fagin Henry Flescher Alex Gross Allan Hall Andrew Hall Heny Hersh Herbert Karliner Ezra Katz Dr. Miriam Klein Kassenoff Isaac Klein Tsvi Klein Israel Lapciuc Lilly Malnik David Mermelstein Irene Mermelstein Anne Meyer Paul Parks Julius Reiter Abraham Resnick Morris Rosenblat Wendy Reiss Rothfi eld Israel “Joe” Sachs Herman Schaalman Zalman Schachter-Shalomi Herschel Schacter David Schaecter Norbert Wollheim vii FOOTAGE COURTESY OF: Auschwitz-Birkenau w Oswiecimiu Austrian National Library Bildarchiv Preussischer Bundesarchiv, Filmarchiv, Berlin / Transit Film GmbH Carl Henry Levy / Courtesy U Mass Amherst Special Collections Friends of the March of the Living, Miami, Florida Instytut Pamieci Narodowej Kulturbesitz Panstwowe Muzeum Leo Baeck Institute Lynn and Louis Wolfson II Florida Moving Image Archives Marie Hammerling, Orlando, Florida Memorijalni Muzej Jasenovac Muzej Revolucije Narodnosti Jugoslavije National Archives and Records Administration, College Park Panstwowe Muzeum Prelinger Archives Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Streamline Films The Ghetto Fighters’ House Museum, Israel/The Photo Archive The Library of Congress The National Center for Jewish Film, at Brandeis University The Shtetl Foundation, courtesy of Yaffa Eliach The University of Southern California Shoah Foundation The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of: Arnold Bauer Barach Dan Lenchner Irving and Lita Berk Leopold Page Photographic Collection Virginius Dabney Sidney Mermelstein Hilary Dalton Roger Reed Philip Drell Israel “Joe” Sachs Mitchell Eisen Dr. Alexander and Emilia Sedlis David Goldschild Rafael Scharf Werner Goldsmith Robert A. Schmuhl George Kadish/Zvi Kadushin Nava Schreiber Leah Lahav Ruth Schwarzhaupt Henry Landman Jacob G. Wiener Dr. Vera Lechtman Dr. Mark Wolraich Bernard Lefkowitz Moshe Zilbar Gift of Julien Bryan Archive Gift of Robert F. Kan and Betsy Klein Yad Vashem Photo Archives YIVO Institute for Jewish Research viii ix FOREWORD A BASIC INTRODUCTION TO THE HOLOCAUST BY DR. MICHAEL BERENBAUM The systematic state-sponsored murder of six million Jews, which Americans commonly call the Holocaust (Israelis call it the Shoah" and the Nazis called it “The Final Solution to the Jewish Question”) is an enormous event that darkens the landscape of 20th-century humanity and continues to haunt us in the new millennium. Auschwitz redefi ned the moral landscape of our common humanity. The history of this event can be written in many ways and in many disciplines and genres: history—Jewish history, German history, American history, European history—and sociology, religion, psychology, political science, art, music, literature, fi lm, and theater, to name but a few. It can be outlined in stages and processes. The great historian Raul Hilberg spoke of defi nition, expropriation, concentration, deportation, mobile killing units and death camps. German law defi ned the Jews in 1935, declaring that all those of Jewish ancestry, even two generations back, were Jews, no matter what religion they practiced, what traditions they embraced, or the identity they maintained. This held true until 1945, and included the territories the Germans conquered. Beginning in 1933, German law and society expropriated Jewish property and business, possessions and holdings, reversing a 150-year process of emancipation that saw the Jews gain rights as citizens of the country. The Jews were denied civil liberties and rights, and were segregated in a society implementing apartheid policies. Parenthetically, since 1945, when the Holocaust ended to the time of this printing, we have learned that neutral powers such as Switzerland and supposedly neutral industries— such as banks and insurance companies; even distinguished museums and trend-setting art collectors—participated in the processes of expropriation and enjoyed its fruits. All of these Nazi decrees were designed to get the Jews to leave, to make Germany and its conquered lands Judenrein—free of Jews. These laws and decrees, business practices, and social norms were designed to give an incentive and to provide a reward for discrimination. Expropriation of Jewish properties since then continues even in our time. Jews were concentrated fi rst in ghettos and later in concentration and slave labor camps, kept together pending a decision on what to do about the "Jewish question." What does one do about these Jews? They were deported from small communities to larger ghettos in Eastern Europe and from cities in Western Europe to transit camps that sent them eastward. All the while, the German Reich expanded, and more and more Jews came under its control. Then the decision was made and a policy was implemented. x Though some scholars contend that the policy began locally and only then was implemented regionally and internationally, it was large and bold and euphemistically, called “The Final Solution to the Jewish Question.” In simple terms, “The Final Solution” meant murdering every Jew the Nazis and their collaborators could get their hands on. At fi rst, mobile troops were sent to stationary victims; Jews were shot one by one in the towns and villages of captured Soviet territory in 1941. Later, this process proved cumbersome both for the killers and the bystanders—no consideration was given to their victims—so
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