Illustrations

I.1A. First page of Franklin’s Plain Truth (Philadelphia, 1747). Courtesy of the Curtis Collection of Franklin Imprints, Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania. (15) I.1B. First page of Franklin’s Plain Truth (Philadelphia, 1747). Courtesy of the Curtis Collection of Franklin Imprints, Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania. (16) I.2. German translation, by J. Crell, of Franklin’s Plain Truth. (17) 1.1. Bilingual title page of Die Hoch Teutsche und Englische Zeitung / The High Dutch and English Gazette, January 1, 1752. Photograph © 2019 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. (47) 1.2. Anonymous letter printed in German only.Die Hoch Teutsche und Englische Zeitung / The High Dutch and English Gazette, January 1, 1752. Photograph © 2019 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. (48) 1.3. Bilingual title page of William Smith, Eine Kurtze Nachricht Von der Liebreichen Anstalt / A Brief History of the Charitable Scheme (1755). The Library Company of Philadelphia. (62) 1.4. Bilingual double page in William Smith, Eine Kurtze Nachricht Von der Liebreichen Anstalt / A Brief History of the Charitable Scheme (1755). The Library Company of Philadelphia. (67) 3.1. “Reise Charte durch Pennsylvanie und anderer angränzenden Provinzen,” travel map of Pennsylvania, northern Maryland, and New Jersey, ca. 1750. DP f.037.6, Moravian Archives, Bethlehem, Pa. (103) 3.2. Taylor’s map of traders at the confluence with annotations. (111) 3.3. Detail of travel map (fig. 3.1) annotated with dates of Moravian women missionaries’ service. DP f.037.6, Moravian Archives, Bethlehem, Pa. (112) 3.4. Visualization of strength of connections between Moravian women missionaries at the Moravian missions in the mid-­Atlantic states, 1747–75. Rendered by author in Gephi. (122) 7.1. Journals of Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, PM95A, September 23, 1742. Lutheran Archives Center at Philadelphia. (200)

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7.2. Journals of Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, PM95A, February 1, 1775. Lutheran Archives Center at Philadelphia. (200) 7.3. Journals of Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, PM95A, March 8, 1778. Lutheran Archives Center at Philadelphia. (201) 9.1. David Deshler house, Germantown, Pa., 1772–74. Photo: Cynthia G. Falk. (250) 9.2. John Wister house, now known as Grumblethorpe, Germantown, Pa., 1744. Photo: Cynthia G. Falk. (253) 9.3. Augustus Lutheran Church, Trappe, Upper Providence Township, Montgomery County, Pa., 1743. Photo: Cynthia G. Falk. (000) 9.4. Interior, August Lutheran Church, Trappe, Upper Providence Township, Montgomery County, Pa., 1743. Photo: Cynthia G. Falk. (255) 9.5. Detail from “To the Honourable Thomas Penn and Richard Penn, Esqrs., true & absolute proprietaries & Governours of the Province of Pennsylvania & counties of New-­Castle, Kent & Sussex on Delaware this map of the improved part of the Province of Pennsylvania. / Is humbly dedicated by Nicholas Scull. Engraved by Ja. Turner. Printed by John Davis” (Philadelphia: Nicholas Scull, 1759). Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division, G3820 1759.S3. (255) 9.6. Isometric projection of first-­floor plan, Hans Mirtel Gerick house, Exeter Township, Berks County, Pa., 1741. Drawn by Hope M. LeVan, from field measurements by James Lewars. (257) 9.7. Heinrich and Anna Maria Zeller house (Fort Zeller), Newmanstown, Millcreek Township, Lebanon County, Pa., ca. 1745. The interior plan of the house was made manifest by the slightly off-­center placement of the chimney along the roof ridge. Photo: Cynthia G. Falk. (258) 9.8. Jamb, or five-­plate, iron stove, Isaac Zane, Marlboro Furnace, Frederick, Virginia, ca. 1768. Anonymous gift to Winterthur Museum, 1994.111. Stove support, Philip Erpf, Schaefferstown, Pa., 1765. Courtesy Winterthur Museum. (259) 9.9. First Single Brothers’ house, later converted to Single Sisters’ house, Bethlehem, Northampton County, Pa., 1744. Photo: Cynthia G. Falk. (261) 9.10. First-­floor plan, first Single Brothers’ house, from “Entwurf zum Bau des Gemeinhauses in Bethlehem in Pennsylvania mit Angabe der Nutzung der Räume, Grundriss Erdgeschoss” (1751). Courtesy Moravian Archives Herrnhut, TS Mp.216.15. (261) 9.11. Johannes Lesher house (Oley Forge mansion), Oley Township, Berks County, Pa., ca. 1750–55. Photo: Cynthia G. Falk. (262)

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9.12. Isometric projection of first-­floor plan, Johannes Lesher house, Oley Township, Berks County, Pa. Drawn by Hope M. LeVan, from field measurements by Kenneth LeVan and Hope M. LeVan. (262) 9.13. Isaac and Catherine Meier house, Myerstown, Lebanon County, Pa., ca. 1757. Photo: Cynthia G. Falk. (263) 9.14. James Logan house, Stenton, Germantown, Pa., 1723–30. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, HABS PA, 51-­PHILA, 8–2. (264) 9.15. Joseph and Mary Pennock house, now known as Primitive Hall, West Marlboro Township, Chester County, Pa., 1738. Wikimedia Commons, photograph by Smallbones. (265) 9.16. Center passage as viewed from the front door, Peter and Rosina Margaretha Wentz house, Worcester Township, Montgomery County, Pa., 1758. Photo: James G. Layton with permission of the Peter Wentz Farmstead, a property of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. (266) 9.17. Date stone, Benedict and Anna Eshleman house, Conestoga Township, Lancaster County, Pa. Photo: Cynthia G. Falk. (268) 9.18. Johann Peter and Maria Magdalena Troxell house, Egypt, Lehigh County, Pa., 1756. Photo: Cynthia G. Falk. (269) 10.1. Spice box, Philadelphia area, ca. 1740. Private collection. Photo: Gavin Ashworth, reproduced by permission of the Chipstone Foundation. (276) 10.2. Pair of side chairs made for Henry Muhlenberg, attributed to Leonard Kessler, Philadelphia, 1763. Photo: Gavin Ashworth, reproduced by permission of the Chipstone Foundation. (276) 10.3. The Parrot of Carolina, in Mark Catesby, Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands (London, 1729–47). Courtesy Winterthur Library, Printed Book and Periodical Collection. Photo: James Schneck. (280) 10.4. Schrank, Philadelphia area, 1741. Courtesy Winterthur Museum, promised gift of William K. du Pont. Photo: Gavin Ashworth. (281) 10.5. Detail of the lid of a slant-­front desk, Philadelphia area, ca. 1750. Private collection. Photo: Gavin Ashworth, reproduced by permission of the Chipstone Foundation. (281) 10.6. Detail of the inlaid parrot on a tall clock case, Philadelphia area, ca. 1745. From the collection of the York County History Center, York, Pa. Photo: Gavin Ashworth. (282) 10.7. Old Lutheran Church on Fifth Street, Philadelphia. Drawn and engraved by William Russell Birch and Thomas Birch, Philadelphia, 1800, and published in Birch’s Views of Philadelphia (Philadelphia:

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W. Birch, 1800). Courtesy Winterthur Library, Printed Book and Periodical Collection. Photo: James Schneck. (290) 10.8. Chest, Philadelphia, ca. 1750. Courtesy Krauth Memorial Library, United Lutheran Seminary. Photo: Gavin Ashworth. (291) 10.9. New Lutheran Church on Fourth Street, Philadelphia. Drawn and engraved by William Russell Birch and Thomas Birch, Philadelphia, 1799, and published in Birch’s Views of Philadelphia (Philadelphia: W. Birch, 1800). Courtesy Winterthur Library, Printed Book and Periodical Collection. Photo: James Schneck. (291) 10.10. Photograph of Zion Lutheran Church interior, Philadelphia, 1866. Private collection. (293) 10.11. Teapot, southeastern Pennsylvania, 1779. Courtesy Winterthur Museum, 1960.633. (294) 10.12. Sugar bowl by Christian Wiltberger, Philadelphia, ca. 1800. Courtesy Winterthur Museum, 1956.98.2. (294)

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