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Home , Coretta Scott King, Rosa Parks

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Word Workout Dear Family Member: This week we are reading My Brother Martin. It’s a WORDS TO KNOW story about Martin Luther , Jr., a man who made a difference in our lives. His sister, Christine King, writes ancestors injustice avoided about what their lives were like growing up. She tells us segregation unfair numerous what kind of boy he was. It will be interesting to learn how the events of his life infl uenced the kind of man he Words and Our World Let’s use the words to make became. I guess that’s what his sister wants us to know. sentences telling about someone that made a difference in our world. This Week’s Skills SPELLING WORDS Comprehension: author’s purpose (fold here)

© Macmillan/McGraw-Hill Vocabulary: prefi xes and suffi xes unblock recall imperfect overheat Spelling/Phonics: prefi xes unborn relearn indirect subway unchain resell incorrect premix unload rewash illegal preplan unlock rewind overact supersize A Perfect Start I’ll make a list of the spelling words leaving out the prefi x. I’ll give you the list. You can add the prefi x. Then we’ll look over your list to see how many words you spelled correctly.

Name 75 Leaders to Legends Let’s read all the facts and details for each person. Then, toss a coin and see where it lands. We can write a brief letter from that person’s point of view to someone who wants to know him or her. was a writer. In 1962 she published a book called Bill Pickett was born in 1870. He was Silent Spring. The book pointed the fi rst African American out the damage pesticides caused cowboy voted into the Rodeo plants. The book made people Hall of Fame. aware of the importance of protecting the environment.

© Macmillan/McGraw-Hill Alexander Graham Bell was the inventor of the telephone. In 1876 the fi rst telephone line was opened Deborah in . Sampson was the only woman to serve in the army during the American

Revolution. She put on a

uniform to hide her identity and took the name Robert Shurtleff. 76 Conexión con el hogar

Ejercicio de palabras Queridos familiares: Esta semana estamos leyendo My Brother Martin. Es PALABRAS DE VOCABULARIO un relato sobre Martin Luther King, Jr., un hombre que hizo una diferencia en nuestras vidas. Su hermana, ancestors injustice avoided Christine King, escribe sobre su infancia. Nos cuenta segregation unfair numerous qué clase de niño era él. Va a ser interesante saber cómo los diferentes eventos de su vida tuvieron Las palabras en el mundo Vamos a usar las palabras infl uencia en la clase de hombre que fue. Creo que eso para formar oraciones que describan a alguien que haya es lo que su hermana quiere que sepamos. logrado hacer un buen cambio en nuestro mundo. Destrezas de la semana PALABRAS DE ORTOGRAFÍA Comprensión: propósito del autor (fold here)

unblock recall imperfect overheat © Macmillan/McGraw-Hill Vocabulario: los prefi jos y sufi jos unborn relearn indirect subway Ortografía/Fonética: prefi jos unchain resell incorrect premix unload rewash illegal preplan unlock rewind overact supersize Un arranque perfecto Voy a hacer una lista de las palabras de ortografía sin sus prefi jos. Te daré la lista y tu puedes añadirles los prefi jos. Luego veremos tu lista para ver cuántas palabras deletreaste correctamente.

Nombre 77 Cartas a famosos Vamos a leer todos los datos y detalles sobre cada persona. Luego, lanza una moneda y mira dónde cae. Después podemos escribir una breve carta desde el punto de vista de esa persona a alguien que quiere conocerla. Rachel Carson was a writer. In 1962 she published a book called Bill Pickett was born in 1870. He was Silent Spring. The book pointed the fi rst African American cowboy out the damage pesticides caused voted into the Rodeo Hall of Fame. plants. The book made people aware of the importance of protecting the environment.

© Macmillan/McGraw-Hill Alexander Graham Bell was the inventor of the telephone. In 1876 the fi rst telephone line was opened Deborah in Boston. Sampson was the only woman to serve in the army during the American

Revolution. She put on a

uniform to hide her identity and took the name Robert Shurtleff. 78 Comprehension Check

Summarize 1ZcS 1ZcS 1ZcS Why did the author write about ? List some /cbV]`¸a>c`^]aS clues in an Author’s Purpose Macmillan/McGraw-Hill© Map. Then tell the author’s Coretta purpose. Use the map to summarize Coretta Scott King’s life. Scott Think and Compare 1. Look at Chapter 1. How do you think the writer King feels about segregation? What facts support your ideas? (Evaluate Author’s Purpose)

2. Do you agree that nonviolent actions are the best way to bring about change? Why or why by Robert O’Brien not? (Synthesize)

3. Big changes in history often come from one person taking a stand. What might the history

books of the future say about Coretta Scott Scott King Coretta King? (Analyze) Table of Contents Chapter 1 The Beginning ...... 2 Chapter 2 A Turning Point ...... 8 Chapter 3 Carrying On...... 14 Glossary/Index ...... 19 Comprehension Check ...... 20

20 Glossary Chapter 1 (uh-PAHR-tighd) the government policy of racial The Beginning segregation at one time practiced in (page 16)

Coretta Scott King never planned on being a Macmillan/McGraw-Hill© boycott (BOY-kot) to refuse to buy from or deal with a civil rights leader. She thought she would become person, nation, or business (page 8) a teacher or a singer. Instead she became a leader civil rights (SIV-uhl RIGHTS) the rights of every citizen of in the fight for equal rights. a country, including the right to vote and the right to Coretta Scott was born in 1927 in a small equal protection under the law (page 2) town in . She walked three miles to get integrated (IN-ti-gray-tuhd) including people of all races to school each morning. And she walked three (page 4) miles back each afternoon. Every day she watched (JIM KROH LAWZ) a set of rules practiced school buses drive white children to their school. in the United States before the that allowed “” facilities for African In those days segregation was the law in the (page 3) South. could not go to certain protest (PROH-test) an organized public demonstration of restaurants. They could not drink from certain disapproval or complaint (page 13) water fountains. They had to sit in the back of public buses. Black children and white children segregation (seg-ri-GAY-shuhn) the practice of setting one race, class, or ethnic group apart from another (page 2)

went to separate schools. Scott King Coretta Coretta’s father Obadiah (oh-buh-DIGH-uh) Index was the first African American in his county to own his own truck. Some white truckers felt that bus boycott, 8–9, 16 NAACP, 5 he was taking away their business. One day the , 17, 18 Parks, , 8 Scotts came home from church to find that King, Jr., Martin Luther, 6–18 Southern Christian their home had burned down. Coretta never forgot Mandela, Nelson, 17 Leadership Conference, 12 how hard her father worked to rebuild it. Montgomery, Alabama, 6, 8–9, 16

2 19 Coretta Scott King also worked to create a Jim Crow Laws national holiday in memory of her husband. Jim Crow Laws kept black and white Americans After many years of speeches and fundraising, from taking part in many things alongside she succeeded. In 1986 Martin Luther King, Jr.’s each other. The laws were supposed to create birthday, January 15, became a national holiday. Macmillan/McGraw-Hill© “separate but equal” schools, hospitals and parks. This did not happen. Public buildings for African Coretta Scott King believed that young Americans were usually in bad shape. African people must read and learn so they can better Americans were unable to get the education or themselves. The American Library Association jobs they deserved. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made Jim Crow Laws illegal. gives the Coretta Scott King Award in her honor. Coretta Scott King died on January 31, 2006. She was 78 years old. At her funeral she was honored as a true hero.

As Coretta Scott King Signs like these were (right) looks on, President a sight when signs a Scott King Coretta Coretta Scott was proclamation making the growing up. celebration of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s birthday a national holiday.

18 3 Obadiah Scott earned enough money to build a sawmill. One morning the sawmill was burned to the ground. Coretta’s father did not meet violence with violence. He kept hauling lumber in his truck. He didn’t back down. But he didn’t strike Macmillan/McGraw-Hill© back. This lesson stayed with his daughter. Coretta Scott graduated from high school in 1945. Then she attended Antioch (AN-tee-ahk) College; an integrated school in . None of her ancestors had ever gone to college. Coretta studied to become a teacher. She also studied . She had a good singing voice. And she played the violin. The time came for Coretta to do her practice Nelson Mandela (seen here with Coretta Scott teaching. None of the schools in the area would King) fought injustice in South Africa using some allow an African American student teacher to of the same methods as Martin Luther King, Jr. practice in their schools. Coretta had to practice Mandela spent 27 years in jail because his teach at her college. country’s leaders feared his ideas. After he was

Coretta Scott King Coretta freed, Mandela became the first black president of South Africa.

This photo of Coretta was taken while she was a student at Antioch. It appeared alongside an '$& '& '&" $ article she wrote, entitled ;O`bW\:cbVS` 8]W\aA]cbV 4W`ab1]`SbbO 2WSaOb “Why I Came to College.” 9W\U8` /T`WQO^`]bSab AQ]bb9W\U OUS%& OaaOaaW\ObSR /eO`RUWdS\

4 17 After her husband’s NAACP staff at death, Coretta Scott King work in their continued to fight for headquarters in justice. the early 1930s. © Macmillan/McGraw-Hill©

In 1969 Coretta Scott King wrote a book about her life with Martin Luther King, Jr. In the book she wrote about their civil rights struggles The NAACP and their work together. The National Association for the Advancement of People (NAACP) was started in 1909 In 1982 Coretta Scott King joined a protest at by a group of both white and black people. the South African Embassy. South Africa’s laws They wanted to change the laws and make the were even harsher than the Jim Crow Laws in country equal for all races. In the 1950s and the United States. South Africa’s segregation was 1960s, the NAACP helped change many laws. called apartheid. After many years of speeches, protests, and It was unfair. But instead of giving up, boycotts of South African products, the laws were Coretta got involved. She joined the college changed. Freedom was spreading to other lands,

Coretta Scott King Coretta chapter of the NAACP. She worked with other thanks in part to Coretta Scott King. groups to try to change what was happening. Coretta realized she would have difficulty getting a teaching job in Ohio or many other

' % '# '#! '## places. She decided to work more on her singing and violin playing. She was accepted at the 1]`SbbOAQ]bb 1]`SbbO[]dSa 1]`SbbO[O``WSa ;]\bU][S`g New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, P]`\W\ b]0]ab]\ ;O`bW\:cbVS` 0ca0]gQ]bb /ZOPO[O 9W\U8` Massachusetts.

16 5 Coretta moved to Boston in 1951. She had never lived in a big city before. There were numerous colleges there, as well as students of different races. © Macmillan/McGraw-Hill© Coretta met other students. One of them took a special liking to her. He was a young minister studying at . His name was Martin Luther King, Jr. He was training to take over his father’s church in Montgomery, Alabama. At first Coretta was not all that impressed by Martin. She was not sure that she wanted to become a minister’s wife. But Martin was smart and he was eager to work hard for social equality. That appealed to her very much. Coretta grew to love Martin. In June 1953 she married him. Coretta and Martin moved south to Martin Luther King, Jr.’s, Montgomery, Alabama, where Martin began his casket was drawn by two mules through the work as a minister. The unsuspecting couple had

Coretta Scott King Coretta streets of his hometown, no idea what their new life together had in store , . for them.

6 15 Chapter 3 Carrying On

Leaders from all over the world came to Macmillan/McGraw-Hill© mourn the loss of Martin Luther King, Jr. Many people were angry that Martin had been killed. Riots broke out in many cities. Coretta remained strong. She spoke out against the riots. She asked people to remember Martin’s actions, which were always nonviolent. She asked them to honor her husband by working peacefully. Her words calmed people. Coretta Scott King had shared her husband’s struggles. She knew that she had to use her voice to lead others. She had to continue the work Martin had begun. In the

years following her husband’s death, that is Scott King Coretta what she did.

All eyes were on Coretta Scott King as she attended her husband’s funeral.

This is how Boston, Massachusetts, looked in 1951 when Coretta moved there.

14 7 Chapter 2 The struggle for civil rights went on. Martin started to work on other issues, like jobs for A Turning Point people of all races. Other leaders wanted to use more violent forms of protest. Martin was against One evening in 1955, an African American Macmillan/McGraw-Hill© this. He believed that nonviolent action was the woman in Montgomery, Alabama, was on her way best way to bring about change. home from work. Her name was . She sat in the first bus seat she could find. Soon the Coretta Scott King’s life was shattered on bus became crowded and some white passengers April 4, 1968. Martin Luther King, Jr., was came on board. The bus driver told Rosa to assassinated. Coretta was now a widow with four to the back of the bus. Rosa refused. The bus young children to care for. driver had her arrested.

African American leaders wanted to protest the The violent death of Martin Luther King, Jr., made unfair actions of the bus company. They knew that news all over the world. the bus companies would lose money if African Americans stopped riding the buses. They decided to boycott the bus system. Coretta Scott King Coretta Rosa Parks at her arrest for refusing to give up her seat on the bus.

8 13 Low-Res FPO For 381 days African Americans avoided riding the bus. They were determined to continue the boycott until the segregation laws were changed. Martin Luther King, Jr., became their © Macmillan/McGraw-Hill© leader. His church became a meeting place. Soon

Coretta Scott King Coretta was caught up in the movement as well. and her husband Meetings were held in their home. The boycott on a in ended peacefully when the courts ruled that bus Montgomery, segregation was against the law. Alabama, in 1965.

African Americans in Montgomery showed that By 1964 Martin and Coretta had four children. actions speak louder than words during the 1955 For many years, Coretta had stayed at home to bus boycott. care for the children. But soon she felt she had to take a more active role in the fight against injustice again. Coretta joined the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The SCLC was a group committed to making sure that church Scott King Coretta people of all skin colors understood why civil rights for all Americans was so important. Though she was usually seen at her husband’s side, Coretta often spoke on her own about their work. Sometimes she would speak when her husband couldn’t attend an important meeting.

12 9 Coretta and Martin were both eager to end injustice for African Americans. They knew there would be a long, hard struggle ahead of them. They didn’t know how hard it would be. But they soon found out. Macmillan/McGraw-Hill© One morning, while Coretta was caring for their newborn baby, the house was attacked. She and the baby got out safely. She was scared for her baby, for her husband, and for herself. But she did not let fear drive her away. The house was repaired and the family stayed. Martin Luther King, Jr., and Coretta Scott King outside a court in Montgomery, Alabama.

Martin and Coretta Coretta and Martin went through many managed to raise a difficult times together. There was always the family while fighting possibility of violence against Coretta’s loved ones. for civil rights. People phoned in threats. Martin was arrested on Coretta Scott King Coretta a false charge and sent to jail. He was released after a few days. Martin spoke in cities all over the country. He often was away from his family for long periods of time. Coretta worked hard to keep the family together. She made sure that they ate dinner together even if her husband couldn’t be there.

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