Interested in
Writing MysMtAeG rA ZieI NsE V O L . 3, #2, I SS U E #9 for P U B L I S H E R , E D I T O R , A R T D I R E C T O R MYSTERIES Kim Guarnaccia: [email protected] g MAGAZINE? A SS I S T A N T E D I T O R A N D E V E N T S E D I T O R Judith Kane: [email protected] We are f looking for: a C O L U M N I S T S • Game reviewer Charles Rammelkamp Ken Mondschein • UFO expert Tim Swartz • Science writer F E A T U R E W R I T E R S Kelly Bell Mary Franz If you are interested in Alexandra Diaz Michael Newton submitting an article or R E V I E W E R S becoming a regular Kevin Filan reviewer, email Jeff Belanger Robert Goerman Kim Guarnaccia at Derek Anderson Richard Mackenzie editor mysteriesmagazine.com j
P R OO F R E A D E R S Alma Dizon Feature length: 3,000-5,000 wds Jocelyn Comendul Column length: 1,200 wds Book Reviews: 200-500 wds I LL U S T R A T O R Pay:.05/word upon publ. Steven Cartwright
Published and printed in the United States of America. Mysteries Magazine, Volume 3 #2, Issue #9 is a publication of Phantom Press Publications, ISSN #1537-2928, and published four times a year SUBMISSION GUIDELINES in the U.S. and Canada. Copyright © 2005 Phantom Press Publications, PO Box 490, Walpole, NH 03608 USA. All rights reserved. No work may be copied or reproduced without the express permis- AVAILABLE AT sion of the editor. Correspondence should be addressed to: Kim Guarnaccia, Editor, Mysteries Mag- www.mysteriesmagazine.com azine, PO Box 490, Walpole, NH 03608 USA, email: [email protected], web: www.MysteriesMagazine.com or call (603) 352-1645.
2 MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E , I SS U E # 9 WWW. MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E . C O M 3 MysteriVoel. 3, #2,s Issue #9 Feature Articles
39 STALKING THE ZODIAC KILLER By Michael Newton British author John Brophy coined the term “serial murder” in 1966, in his book The Meaning of Murder. American authorities would not adopt the label for another decade but in that same year, a terrifying serial killer who called himself “Zodiac” debuted in California. Despite four decades of intense investigation, his identity still remains unknown today.
47 ATRADITION OF TRIUMPHS: THE HISTORY OFTHE TAROT By Alexandra Diaz A considerable factor in the appeal of Tarot cards is their fabled exotic background. Many people have devised theories that attempt to explain their origins while others simply sustain the myths that shroud them. Although these myths seize the imagination, the Tarot’s true history remains equally captivating. In fact, Tarot cards, which were originally designed in the 15th century, were not actually used for divination until the 18th century.
54 NAPOLEON’S BOOK OF FATE By Mary Franz History remembers Napoleon Bonaparte as a brilliant general, fearless leader, and powerful emperor.Yet few know that he was also influenced by the occult and actually based many of his life decisions on advice from prognosticators, palm-readers, astrologers, and his unusual Book of Fate, an ancient oracle that he supposedly found in an Egyptian mummy’s sarcophagus.
62 DID NAPOLEON ESCAPE ST. HELENA? By Kelly Bell
67 AN INTERVIEWWITHTHE SCI-FI CHANNEL’S GHOST HUNTERS
’S LEON NAPO K BOO Caveat: The opinions of the contributors to Mysteries Magazine are not necessarily those of the editors of Mysteries Magazine. F However, Mysteries Magazine welcomes helpful criticism or comments on any of the articles contained herein. Please note that O we reserve the right to edit all submissions. ATE We also may occasionally use photos and illustrations that have been placed in the public domain. As it is not always possi- F ble to indentify the copyright holder, if you claim credit for something we have published, please let us know so that we can acknowledge you in the following issue.
4 MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E , I SS U E # 9 WWW. MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E . C O M 5 “What is history but a 5 True Ghost Stories fable agreed upon?” From the Golden State —Napoleon Bonaparte
As seen on the SciFi Channel, this documentary is not for the faint of heart. • See a ghost form in a hospital closet! • See what happened to Regis Philbin when he spent the night in the haunted Whaley House! Columns • See the real story behind the movie The Entity, with interviews with the real people involved! L E TT E R S T O TH E E DIT O R ...... 8 • See a bleeding house in San Pedro, CA, where a researcher was hung in the attic by an N O T E W O RTHY ...... 10 unseen presence!
A RCHA E OLO GICA L A N O MA L I E S ...... 26 New Human Species Discovered
F R O MTH E S KI E S ...... 28 Did a Comet Cause the 1871 Great Chicago Fire?
M Y S T E RI E SO N E X HI B IT ...... 30
U R B AN L E G E ND S ...... 32 A “Wave” of Hoaxes Follows the 2004 Tsunami
O U R M Y S T E RI E S U NIV E R S E ...... 34 Was the Tunguska Blast Caused by a Comet Collision with an ET Craft?
T R E A SU R E S FR O MTH E D EE P ...... 36
B OO K R E VI E W S ...... 72
M US IC R E VI E W S ...... 77
I NTH E T H E AT E R ...... 78
2005 E V E NT S C A L E NDAR ...... 80
T H E C L A SS I F I L E S ...... 90 If you thought ghosts and things that go bump in the night were merely legends, you haven't seen California's Most Haunted! A G L IMP S E I NT O TH E U NKN O WN ...... 92
To order visit www.WorldOfTheUnknown.com WWW. MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E . C O M 7 This Contributors Letters to the Editor
torted area behind the horse on the right Could A Nature Spirit, Not an Alien (figure 2). 9/11: Debunking the Myths Dear Editor, Unlike squirrels, these creatures trav- Dear Editor: n issue #7, pg. 76 shows a photo not el in pairs and are known to frequent oral decency compels me to Have of an alien but of a forest friend, the Japan, where priests have been known direct your readers to the Icousin of the Irish Leprechaun. It to communicate with them.They live in MMarch, 2005 issue of Popular looks similar to a squirrel, although trees and especially groves, and can be Mechanics and the excellent article Alexandra Diaz, a life-long resi- squirrels are smaller and the creature has most easily detected near water sources “9/11: Debunking the Myths.” Been dent of Miami, FL, recently the natural ability to attract the attention After consulting several hundred in the moonlight.They move in the graduated from Florida Inter- of mortals who have not had the veil of space just outside of human perception experts that are each named and identi- this world removed from their minds, fied, the editors at Popular Mechanics national University with a bach- and although they are not warm-blood- Your Ad such as holy men or those who live close ed, they are indeed flesh and blood and collaborated to destroy every sacred elors degree in English. When to nature. do die. argument of 9/11 conspiracy buffs with not busy writing, she enjoys The camera was in motion when the Based on this photo, I estimate that rational, simple explanations and com- viewing the world through the photo was taken, separating the creature there may be as many as 100 of these mon sense. for Just —ROBERT A. GOERMAN from his natural ability to blend in with creatures living in the park. lens of her camera. nature. What most won’t be able to see, —HENRY LEWIS, AKA SUNDRAGON, NEW KENSINGTON, PA $125/issue! however, is that there is at least one addi- PALADINOF THE SILVER WHITE FLAME A freelance writer who lives just outside of Boston, MA, Mary Franz col- tional creature in the shot—in the dis- HUNTSVILLE, TX Ask Elvis for a Second Opinion! Dear Editor: (based on an 8x contract) lects Tarot cards and is interested in mysticism and the occult. She urely William Lewis was writing in bought her first copy of Napoleon’s Book of Fate when she was 18, and jest when he came up with his fan- has enjoyed reading and consulting it ever since. Stasy article on the 9/11 terrorist attacks in issue #8? If anyone believes this garbage, maybe they should get a Working from his home in Tyler, TX, Kelly Bell has been freelancing second opinion from Elvis or John F. since 1981. Concentrating on history, his credits include articles pub- Kennedy. I’m surprised that Lewis didn’t lished in many historical magazines as well as Georgia Magazine and mention the fact that Bigfoot and Nessie were in one of the airplanes. Travel & Leisure. He is also a regular contributor to East Texas Review All joking aside, this kind of idiotic newspaper. junk does a great disservice to those who f lost loved ones on that tragic day. Lewis Michael Newton has published 174 and Mysteries Magazine should be ashamed of themselves. books since 1977, with 11 more —TOM R. KOVACH For more info, forthcoming. While 143 of them have PARK RAPIDS, MN call or email been novels, he is best known for nonfiction, including a history of the Kim at Florida Ku Klux Klan (The Invisible Email your editorial comments and critiques Empire (2001), The Encyclopedia of to [email protected], or write to: Kim Guarnaccia, Editor, Mysteries Mag- Serial Killers (2000), and The FBI Mysteries azine, PO Box 490, Walpole, NH 03608 Encyclopedia (2003). Upcoming titles USA. We reserve the right to edit any letter include The Encyclopedia of Unsolved published. Magazine original figure Crimes, The Encyclopedia of Cryptozo- figure 2 (603) 352-1645 ology, and The Encyclopedia of Con- spiracies and Conspiracy Theories. [email protected]
8 MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E , I SS U E # 9 WWW. MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E . C O M 9 Noteworthy Jumbo Squid Head North S IGNI F YING T HA T W A T E RS M AY B E W A R M ING
arine biologists are baffled by the sudden appearance in M2004 of large Humboldt squid along the coast of British Columbia and as far north as Alaska, pos- sibly signaling a major change in the temperature of the waters along the coastline. James A. Cosgrove, manager of the Royal British Columbia Museum’s natu- ral history department, says that before now, the farthest north the species had been seen was off the coast of Oregon in 1997.The aggressive predatory squid are usually found around Baja California and farther south. A five-foot-long specimen caught off- shore from Sitka in September, 2004, has been sent for further study to Califor- nia’s Santa Barbara Museum of Natural AP History. Since news of the squid captures , ON
was made public, seven more were RS reported seen from Ore- gon to Alaska, including ANDY HENDE one sighting near Yaku- R tak and Kodiak Island. Greg Cowling, a deckhand on the F/V Commander, holds up a jumbo flying squid that In an effort to deter- he caught in the ocean near Sitka, Alaska, in September, 2004. The squid was mine their origins, Eric one of a school of thousands seen there by fishermen. Hochburg, curator of the Santa Barbara Muse- um of Natural History The Humboldt squid are mally found much farther south. and a man who has been not the only forms of Shifting currents and a water tempera- researching the species’ marine life that appear to ture increase of about two degrees Cel- spread north, hopes to be heading north.Also sius over normal temperatures during the compare the recent finds sighted during the summer of 2004 may be responsible, says with previously collected summer of 2004 Bruce Wing, a biological oceanographer specimens. “We’ll try to get a were a thresher with the National Oceanic and Atmo- handle on if they are moving shark, two great spheric Administration. north with warmer waters and if white sharks, a jack they die out as they head north,” mackerel, and a —RICHARD MACKENZIE he said, “or if the cold water con- hard-shell turtle, all SOURCES: CNN ACTION NEWS, CLEVELAND, OH, SAN strains their northward movement.” animals that are nor- FRANCISCO CHRONICLE, SEATTLE TIMES
1 0 MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E , I SS U E # 9 WWW. MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E . C O M 1 1 Noteworthy We Want Your Implant Allows Email by Thought Spooky Photos! y tapping directly into the brain’s was first implanted into the cerebral cortex on the surface of the brain. neurons, a computer chip has now of a 24-year-old patient in June, 2004. While these devices are promising, oth- Have you captured on film a UFO, Ballowed a quadriplegic Unlike other communicative ers caution that more research is neces- man to change TV channels, devices that require the sar y before brain-computer inter faces ghost, light orb, or any other event send emails, and play comput- patient to use eye or tongue become widely used. Stephen Roberts, an that defies easy explanation? er games with his mind, possi- movements which are difficult engineer at Oxford University, states, “We bly revolutionizing communica- to learn how to use, the have to make something that works robust- If so, we want to publish it! Just mail us the photo, slide, or tions and assistive devices for implant frees the patient to ly and without a lot of patient training. the disabled. The BrainGate, as move or talk while controlling a Most of these devices work well on a small negative with a brief explanation as to where and when it the device is called, can be television or computer. It may subset of patients, but there’s a long way was taken and what is unusual about it. If we publish connected to up to 100 neu- also help patients who are to go before getting them to work for the your photo, you will receive a FREE 1-year subscription rons at a time, far more than similar unable to use other methods of communi- general population.” (or if already a subscriber, a FREE 1-year renewal). implants, allowing for far greater range of cation. —RICHARD MACKENZIE functions. Other devices are also in the works, SOURCES: [email protected], Manufactured by CyberKinetics, a com- many of which do not tap directly into the AMER. ASSOC. FOR TECH. IN PSYCHIATRY, pany in Foxborough, MA, the BrainGate brain, including conductive plates that sit UNKNOWNCOUNTRY.COM Mysteries Magazine PO Box 490 • Walpole, NH 03608 USA • www.MysteriesMagazine.com (Note: All submitted photos become the property of Mysteries Magazine and will not be returned.) Sleeping Dinosaur Discovered in China recent discovery in China pro- played other avian traits, including the found fossilized in a characteristic vides the first evidence of how light bone structure needed for flight. “death pose,” with head and neck Adinosaurs slept and, in the pro- Discovered near the city of Beipiao in thrown back and spine twisted, the 21- cess, further bolsters the theory that the Liaoning province, the specimen is inch-long specimen was curled up, modern birds are descended from similar to other dinosaurs found in this apparently in a sound sleep, when it dinosaurs. Extraordinarily well-pre- fossil-rich region, where a rock forma- died. “There is no disturbance.The served, the fossilized speci- tion comprised of ancient river sedi- body is arranged in a life-like posture,” men of a small, two- ments and compressed ash states Xu. “It is one of the most com- legged dinosaur was provide perfect condi- plete skeletons I have ever seen. It is a found with its head tions to preserve perfect preservation. We have almost curled under one fish, birds, every bone in the skeleton.” forearm, just as insects, reptiles, Although Xu and Mark Norell of the modern birds do. plants, mammals, American Museum of Natural History “This is the first and dinosaurs, are unsure as to what caused the crea- report of sleeping from the late Jurassic ture’s demise, they think that the behavior in dinosaurs,” and Early Cretaceous periods. dinosaur may have been quickly buried says Xing Xu, a In many cases, skin and internal under layers of volcanic ash or possibly researcher at the Chi- organs were also pre- in a burrow or den that collapsed, con- nese Academy of Sci- served, giving paleontol- tributing to its outstanding preserva- ence in Beijing. ogists valuable infor- tion. “What you can see from the skele- Named Mei Long, or mation about ton is that it died peacefully, quickly,” “soundly sleeping these ancient life says Xu. dragon” in Chinese, forms. —RICHARD MACKENZIE the new species of Unlike many SOURCES: PEOPLE’S DAILY ONLINE (CHINA), dinosaur also dis- other dinosaurs PRAVDA, CNN
1 2 MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E , I SS U E # 9 WWW. MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E . C O M 1 3 Noteworthy EARTH A Head Injury May Have Led ENERGIES To the Red Baron’s Demise ENIGMAS severe head injury nine months Richthofen was the most famous fighter peramental.According to neuropsychol- before the final flight of the Red pilot of World War I, and was known for ogist Daniel Orme, “He is described as ABaron may have impaired the ace his extraordinary abilities in the air as well much more immature after the injury, Learn how to help pilot’s ability to fly, setting the stage for as his composure under fire.After a bullet and we have found that is common with his eventual demise, states two neuropsy- grazed his skull and left a four-inch gash this type of brain injury.” chologists. Citing the dramatic change in during a dogfight in July, 1917, he suf- Orme, a retired neuropsychologist yourself and others his behavior noticed by his friends and fered temporary vision loss and loss of who once evaluated injured pilots for the family—as well as records of his motor skills, but regained them long Air Force, and his colleague Tom Hyatt, be healthy in body, injuries—suggests that his judgment was enough to crash-land the plane.The became intrigued by the subject after compromised by his injury, causing him effects of the wound were far-reaching, watching a PBS documentary about the mind and spirit. to make piloting errors that placed him however, and both friends and family Baron’s death.They described the in the line of fire on April 21, 1918, members noticed changes in his behavior wound as causing a “severe concussion,” American Institute of Holistic Theology offers when he was shot down and killed.(See and personality as he recuperated. bruising his brain and possibly causing nonsectarian college degree programs through Mysteries issue #5) Although normally reserved before the injury to the frontal lobe, where judg- distance learning.You can earn these self-paced Credited with 80 kills, Manfred von incident, he was now brooding and tem- ments and decisions are made. advanced degrees from home: “People do things they wouldn’t nor- mally do” after suffering this type of • PARAPSYCHIC SCIENCE - the investigation of psychic phenomena. What in the Heavens was That? injury, Orme says. “They can be impul- • METAPHYSICS - a branch of philosophy On the night of December 17, 2004, the sive, have difficulty monitoring their own concerned with first causes. continuous web camera (CONCAM) behavior, difficulty recognizing if what in Haleakala, Hawaii, saw some- they’re doing is appropriate.” • NATUROLOGY - the study of natural healing thing streak across the night During his final flight, von Richthofen and God’s laws as they apply to the health of humankind. sky. Later, the Mauna Kea displayed unusual flying maneuvers that CONCAM on the next included fixating on a single plane in • DIVINITY - the study of health and healing Hawaiian island record- as presented in the Old and New Testaments. ed the same thing. front of him, breaking a rule he himself • HOLISTIC CHILDCARE - education for the The NightSkyLive.net had laid down in a flight manual he had “whole child.” team might have written.As he pursued the Allied target disregarded the in front, another Allied plane attacked • HOLISTIC MINISTRIES - learn to minister to streak as a satel- from behind, bringing him down in a the “whole person.” lite, but no record burst of gunfire. • HEALTHEOLOGY - a theological study of it was found at The Red Baron’s actions and behavior of health. www.heavens- above.com, a site are classic symptoms of post-concussive Learn how to build and that documents syndrome. “In combat… the individual maintain a private health bright satellite has to act quickly and make critical deci- practice teaching the events. Current sions,” says Orme, “and he just lost the universal laws of candidates include capacity to incorporate all that data health and healing. Taste the Magic of a satellite that was quickly and make solid judgments. He For a free catalog, call somehow missed by didn’t have the mental flexibility to real- ACCREDITED MEMBER: heavens-above, a rocket, 1-800-949-4325 The American Association Triple Eight Vodka. ize he shouldn’t pursue that plane.” a passing space rock, or per- or www.aiht.edu of Drugless Practitioners —RICHARD MACKENZIE Certification & haps even an alien spacecraft. Accreditation Board www.888Vodka.com —KIM GUARNACCIA SOURCES: AP, WWW.HEALTHFINDER.GOV, Produced and bottled by Triple Eight Distillery, LLC • Nantucket, MA UNIV. OF MISSOURI, THE HERALD 40% alcohol by volume (80 Proof), 750 ml
1 4 MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E , I SS U E # 9 WWW. MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E . C O M 1 5 Noteworthy Ghost Captured on Courthouse
Security Camera Association, says that the descriptions she has heard do not fit the insect expla- hen officials in Chestertown, moving object was probably a bug nation, although she has not yet seen the MD in July, 2004, decided to crawling on the surface of the lens, and tape for herself. She has offered to bring Winstall a new security system was distorted into a white spot by the in specialized equipment in an effort to for the Kent County Courthouse, they curvature of the lens. “I’ve seen it so resolve the matter, but thus far, Kent were looking to deter vandals.To their many times, it’s not funny,” commented County officials have said that they are surprise, however, a ghostly entity may Brooke Eyler, the company’s general satisfied with the more mundane expla- have made its presence felt on several manager. “It’s definitely a bug.” nation and that no further investigation occasions, at least two of which were Members of the Maryland Ghost and is necessary. caught on a security camera in one of the Spirit Association beg to differ, however. —RICHARD MACKENZIE building’s stairwells. Beverly Lipsinger, a resident of nearby SOURCES: AP, NETSCAPE, PARANORMAL A glowing orb of light was seen briefly Randallstown and the president of the AUSTRALIA, MD GHOST AND SPIRIT ASSOC. on the tape on July 29, less than a month after the cameras were installed. The next day, it appeared again, “walk- Ghost Investigators to ing” up and down the stairwell for more than an hour. Curious, security officer Phillip Price Explore Mining Museum went to investigate.Although he saw famous museum in County Durham, England, has invited a group of investiga- nothing in the hallway, eyewitnesses tors to check out the seemingly supernatural goings-on on the premises. Staff at watching the camera feed saw the AKillhope, the North of England Lead Mining Museum, have become increasingly strange light hovering directly ahead of concerned about strange activity at night, starting in late September, including a game of checkers that seems to continue night after night, long after everyone has left. Price, apparently mimicking his move- “At first, we thought it was someone playing a prank, but we’ve eliminated that theo- ments and pausing and moving as he ry,” said Pauline James, an information assistant at the museum. “Some staff are did.At one point, the employees wit- beginning to feel a little bit edgy about it all, so we’ve decided to call in a ghostbuster nessed him walk through the spectral team… to… investigate.” light. Price reported that at that very With its long reputation for being haunted—possibly by victims of past mining disas- moment, an extreme chill gripped him. ters from the now-restored mine’s heyday in the 19th century—Killhope seems to be a The building is said to have had a long paranormal researcher’s dream. Dean May- history of peculiar phenomena, perhaps nard and two colleagues attempted to visit relating either to its role as an execution the site last year in hopes of filming a ghost, site dating back to 1746 or the fact that but peculiar activities and noises, capped by part of the building was constructed the sound of screams emanating from an over a 19th-century cemetery. unknown source, sent the investigators flee- ing from the museum in fear, in the middle of Searching for a more scientific expla- the night. nation, courthouse officials sent a copy —RICHARD MACKENZIE of the tape to Atlantic Security for fur- SOURCE: BBC ther analysis.They concluded that the
1 6 MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E , I SS U E # 9 WWW. MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E . C O M 1 7 Noteworthy Noteworthy
A Verse to Murder Arctic Yields Evidence of an New Treatment Murder, murder, write me true, Tap my keys, forget the clock. Why did I get involved with you Elizabethan Gold Swindle Reverses Paralysis When I’ve got writer’s block? Murder, murder too contrary, the largest Arctic expedition in history, researchers concluded that the gold must n July of 2004, Canada’s National Tell me how my novel grows. with 1,136 tons of black ore. But assays have been deliberately added by the Science and Engineering Council in Dogs With gun and club or poison berry? Iannounced that drops of proved that its gold content, if any, assayers in London. (They estimate that it Single gravestone? Grim, gray rows? was exceedingly small. In all, would have taken only about two ounces molten lead from a 16th-cen- n experimental treatment that is nerve cells and allows the membrane Frobisher hauled nearly of gold to “salt” the samples.) tury archaeological site chemically related to antifreeze below to reconstruct itself.” Murder, murder, fix my plot, 1,200 tons of worthless They say that even if Frobisher’s grasp have provided conclu- may revolutionize treatment for All of the injured dogs were treated Find my setting, probe my theme. sive evidence that the iron pyrite to Eng- of metallurgy was so weak that he actually A paralyzing injuries in dogs, and possibly with the polymer within three days of Seethe my brain, make me hot, land and the Arctic believed that the original ore samples infamous “Arctic in humans as well, according to scientists their initial injury, so rapid treatment Give me pages, ream on ream. Eldorado turned were full of gold, by his third trip to Kod- Eldorado,” an Eliz- at Purdue University. Over a two-year may have been a factor in their recovery. into a financial lunarn Island, when he had better testing abethan-era invest- period, 19 paraplegic canines were treat- Additionally, the polymer was used as Murder, murder, fire my muse, nightmare. Many equipment, he and his chemists had to ment frenzy turned ed with the chemical polyethylene gly- only part of a series of treatments, Write me fast, crush the doubt. of the investors have been parties to an elaborate gold Give me suspects, leads, and clues. financial night- col. Of those treated, 13 regained partial including surgeries and medications to went bankrupt and swindle. It has been suggested that they Command my machine.... Print it out! mare, was nothing to complete motor function in their legs reduce pain and Frobisher was pub- did so, so that Queen Elizabeth would more than a massive within eight weeks. While swelling.The licly humiliated. continue to provide the financial backing If I should die from prolix shock, mining fraud, delib- preliminary, the results dogs that The ore was eventu- needed for additional expeditions. far better death than writer-s block. erately perpetrated on give researchers hope that received only ally used to pave the by Carole Spearin McCauley Queen Elizabeth I and spinal cord injuries may the standard streets of London. —JUDITH KANE her court. be completely repairable treatments for their For more than 400 years, SOURCES: CANADIANNATIONAL SCIENCE & The notorious incident in the future. injuries had a Graveyard Epitaphs historians have speculated about ENGINEERING RESEARCH COUNCIL, CANADIAN began in 1576, when British Polyethylene much lower rate of ERECTED BY THE mariner Martin Frobisher (above) whether Frobisher and his assayers had JOURNAL OF EARTH, NSERC NEWSBUREAU BULLETIN recovery, with glycol or PEG, VIGILANTE COMMITTEE: returned from an expedition to the New mistakenly believed that they had found about 62 percent apparently repairs Here lies the body World with ore samples that contained gold, or if the Arctic Eldorado incident experiencing lit- damaged cells in the of ARKANSAS JIM significant concentrations of gold from was a massive con job. spinal cord when tle or no We made a mistake Kodlunarn Island, a tiny, barren Arctic In the mid-1990s, using a combina- injected into the improvement in but the joke's on him. island in what is now Frobisher Bay. tion of Elizabethan-era and high-tech bloodstream, allowing nerve signals to motor function. (Culver City, CA, c. 1880) methods, Laval University geologist Dr. Frobisher returned to the Arctic in be sent to the limbs and preventing fur- Of those who did receive the PEG injec- Georges Beaudoin and historian Régi- 1577 and hauled back more than 200 ther tissue damage. How precisely this tion, however, most were able to walk EBENEZER PRICHARD nald Auger analyzed five coin-sized beads tons of ore, which was also touted as occurs is still under investigation, but its again, some almost as well as before the Here lies low of molten lead found in the assay work- gold-laden. Believing that she had a apparent effects are astounding. injury occurred. Having forsook life ON I
source of gold equal to that of the Span- shops that were excavated on Koldlunarn T A The Perdue team has found a sponsor Poisoned by his wife
Z In an earlier study conducted on I L ish in South America, Elizabeth put aside Island. Lead isotope analysis showed that I V to produce PEG for human trials which and Dr. Eli Hornblow I guinea pigs with severed spinal cords, C
her plans to discover a passage to China there were two sources of the lead used F (Tiffin Oaks, OH, c. 1840) O PEG was able to actually fuse the spinal they hope to begin within the next 18
and focused her efforts instead on secur- by Frobisher’s chemists at the Kodlunarn M U months on individuals with recent spinal
E cord back together and restore mobility Island site to test the precious metal con- S ing as much of the precious ore as possi- U cord damage. Other researchers are opti- Sacred to the memory of
M to 90 percent of the guinea pigs. ble.The queen commissioned yet anoth- tent of the rock.Analysis showed that Major JAMES BRUSH AN I According to Richard Borgen, a Pur- mistic, but suggest that further animal neither had detectable levels of gold, er voyage for Frobisher, who set sail in due neuropsychologist who pioneered tests and long-term studies of the chemi- Killed by accidental discharge ANAD 1578 with 15 ships, 300 Cornish miners, which prove that Frobisher’s on-site C of a pistol by his orderly, / the research, “This stuff is kind of like a cal’s effects are needed. assayers did not tamper with the worth- and enough lumber to build a colony. radiator stop-leak for the nervous sys- —RICHARD MACKENZIE April, 1831 GHEE Frobisher returned from the expedi- less rock. Even so, they must have known C “Well done, good & faithful servant”" M tem.The polymer spreads out and forms SOURCES: YAHOO NEWS, PURDUE CENTER FOR T
that the ore was worthless. So the R (Woolwich, England)
tion, the first Arctic mining venture and E PARALYSIS, SERENDIP AT BRYN MAWR
B a seal over the damaged areas in the O R
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Another surprise was the use of tin rather than lead as a component in the Tsunami Uncovers Ancient Indian City Roman Cosmetics Found cream. White lead was a common ingre- he deadly tsunami that crashed village famed for its rock carvings dating temples during the Pallava period in the dient in Roman cosmetics, but tin was into southern India in Decem- back to the great Pallava dynasty (first seventh and eighth centuries. “These to Be Amazingly Modern more plentiful in Britain, so the cream’s ber, 2004, has unearthed price- century BC-eighth century AD). structures could be part of the leg- maker may have been trying to use local T height of beauty in the Roman world. materials to replicate a popular product less relics, including two granite lions The six-foot rocky structures that endary seven pagodas,” said archaeolo- “As far as I can tell, the tin oxide was that had been buried under sand for cen- have emerged in Mahabalipuram gist,T Sathiamoorthy. With the waters found elsewhere in the Roman world. quite inert so it wouldn’t cause any der- turies off the coast of the centuries-old include an elaborately carved head of an receding and the coastline changing, “Perhaps they didn’t understand the matological problems,” said Richard pilgrimage town of Mahabalipuram, a elephant and a horse in flight.Above we expect some more edifices to be chemistry of everything, but they obvi- the elephant’s head is a exposed.” Evershed, a chemist at the University of ously knew what they were doing,” small, square-shaped niche The archaeologists are also excited Bristol who helped to analyze the cream. explains Evershed. “This is an ancient in which sits a carved statue about a report from locals that just Its exceptional preservation, due to its technology and one that doesn’t differ of a deity.There are also two before the waves struck on December being sealed airtight under a heavy layer so much from some of the cosmetic giant granite lions, one seat- 26, the sea withdrew a great distance, of mud, has been a boon to archaeolo- technologies in use today,” he added. ed and another poised to baring a temple structure and several gists and historians, who have written charge.The statues are each rock sculptures on the seabed.Archaeol- formulas for similar products but rarely —RICHARD MACKENZIE carved out of a single piece ogists have now begun underwater exca- have access to something so unusual. SOURCES: WHAT’S NEW NETSCAPE, BBC NEWS of granite, testifying to the vations on what is believed to be an carver’s skill. ancient city and parts of a temple. According to archaeolo- Cartographers say the waves that left Virtual Tour of gists, lions, elephants, and nearly 16,400 dead or missing in both peacocks were commonly southern India and the country’s far- used to decorate walls and flung Andaman and Nicobar islands Stonehenge Launched have redrawn the n 2004, English Heritage launched an online virtual tour of the Stonehenge World Her- entire Mahabalipuram itage Site, enabling visitors to explore Stonehenge, its surrounding landscape, and coastline. One of a Ithe many prehistoric monuments nearby. The interactive microsite, which can be group of temples in remarkably well-preserved jar of found in the “Explore the Stonehenge Landscape” section on www.english- heritage.org.uk/stonehenge, the area is now partly skin cream that is more than centers on Stonehenge, submerged but the 2,000 years old is expanding our A points out places of archaeo- understanding of the ancient Romans, magnificent eighth- logical interest that surround surprising scientists with its sophistica- century Shore Temple, it, and includes a “time travel” tion.Found in a ditch near an excavation a UN World Heritage option. It features an interac- T C E site that is famed for its of a Roman temple just outside of Lon- tive map of the area, leading L SE
don in 2003, the tiny jar, which still con- C carvings representing to pages that describe The I
characters from Hindu tains the fingermarks of the last person Cursus, The Avenue, Durring- PAP /
to use it millennia ago, was subjected to ton Walls, Woodhenge, King E scriptures, survived the G A T chemical analysis in October, 2004.The Barrows, Normanton Down I sea’s fury, thanks to R E India’s Prime Minister, result: the creamy mixture of animal fat Barrows (including Bush Bar- HH S
row), Winterbourne Stoke Bar- I Indira Gandhi who, in and finely ground minerals would have L G
rows, Nor th Kite Enclosure, N
the late 1970s, given many modern cosmetics a run for E :
and Vespasian’s Camp. For T I
ordered that huge their money. D each, there is a short descrip- E The cream would have probably been rocks be piled around tion of the site, photographs, CR used by an upper-class woman as a foun- the building to protect historical information, a panoramic photo, reconstruction drawings, video clips with aeri- it from sea erosion. dation or skin cream.The main mineral al views, a FAQ page, and a timeline to help make sense of the historical sequence in component was a finely ground blend of which the various monuments were built. —TIM SWARTZ tin oxide and starch, which would have —JUDITH KANE SOURCES: BBC, given one’s complexion the smooth, SOURCE: ENGLISHHERITAGE THEINDEPENDENT pale finish that was considered the
2 0 MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E , I SS U E # 9 WWW. MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E . C O M 2 1 Noteworthy Noteworthy HOW TO Cosmic Particles Used to Probe Pyramid Atlantis Near Cyprus REACH hysicists are using remnants of also be the last resting place of its rulers. Muons travel at near the speed of light space dust that constantly shower Now, Dr.Arturo Menchaca and col- and can pass through solid objects. PEarth to unlock the secrets of the leagues from the physics institute of Depending upon the density of the US! Mexico’s National Autonomous Uni- object, some muons are absorbed while Says Researcher Pyramid of the Sun, an ancient monolith at Teotihuacan, north of Mexico City. others pass through, leaving tiny electri- alifornia researcher Robert Sar- sited on a flat-topped hill where the The name Teotihuacan (“The Place cal traces that can be measured by the mast says that the Mediter- temples of Atlantis once may have For Subscription Inquiries Where Men Become Gods”) was given particle detector.There are more muons . ranean basin was flooded in a stood. “The hill, as a whole, basically V to the city by the Aztecs, who inhabited I where there is less matter, so the scien- C or Changes of Address looks like a walled hillside territory UN deluge around 9000 BC. which sub- Email [email protected], E tists hope that by tracking the particles the area around 600 AD, 700 years after T which matches Plato’s A merged a rectangular T call (603) 352-1645, or mail inquiries S the city was abandoned by its builders. moving through the pyramid, they will description of the Z land mass that he
A to Mysteries Magazine, PO Box 490, No one knows who originally founded , be able to detect density variations. A believes was Atlantis, Acropolis hill with per-
M Walpole, NH 03608 USA. the city but archaeologists know that it These variations could indicate where YA fect precision,”Sarmast I which now lies a mile G
was inhabited for more than five cen- U there are royal burial chambers in the explained. S beneath the sea
turies, having over 150,000 inhabitants O ancient settlement. between Cyprus and Not everyone is con- d UR at its apogee, and that its influence The physicists hope to detect around Syria. “We have defi- vinced, however, that extended for hundreds of miles, at least SAB 100 million particles in the coming year, nitely found it,” said the ruins of Atlantis are To Request a FREE as far as modern-day Guatemala. versity are building the largest particle but say that it will be at least a year Sarmast, who led a to be found in the deep Scholars believe that the city, where detector inside a 2,000-year-old tunnel before the experiment, which is costing team of explorers 50 waters of the Mediter- Advertising Press Kit Email [email protected], call there is also a smaller Pyramid of the that runs beneath the pyramid, to $500,000, yields tangible results. miles off the southeast ranean. German physi- Will Willauer, adver tising director, at Moon and a huge temple to a fierce ser- search for muons, harmless sub-atomic coast of Cyprus in cist Christian Huebsch- (508) 228-7737, or write to Mysteries pent god, was ruled by a god of thunder particles that are created when cosmic —JUDITH KANE November, 2004. er of the Hamburg Magazine, PO Box 490, Walpole, NH and four kings, and that as the city’s state rays smash into molecules in the Earth’s SOURCES: BBC, REUTERS, SCIENCE, The team spent six Centre for Marine and 03608 USA. temple, the Pyramid of the Sun might troposphere. NATURE, PHYSICS TODAY days deep-water sonar Atmospheric Sciences scanning the Mediter- Researcher Robert Sarmast told the German news- ranean seabed. Read- paper Frankfurter All- s Evidence of Human Sacrifice Found at Teotihuacan ings indicated that gemeine Zeitung that he and two Dutch col- ecently, a tomb filled with decapitated mid, where two other sets of human left no written records, archaeologists know human-made structures exist on a sub- To Distribute Mysteries merged hill, including a two-mile-long leagues had explored the same area at corpses and the remains of pumas, remains were also discovered. Buried with little about their society. While the site was Magazine in Your Store eagles, and other them were five canines, once home to over 150,000 people at its wall, a walled hill summit, and deep which Sarmast claimed to have located R Email [email protected], animals was found within possibly wolves or coy- height nearly 2,000 years ago, its monu- trenches. Atlantis. “The hill call (603) 352-1645, or write to Myster- the giant Pyramid of the otes, three jaguars or ments and cities were burned and aban- “We cannot yet that Mr. Sarmast ies Magazine, PO Box 490, Walpole, NH Moon, one of Teotihua- pumas, and at least 13 doned around 650 AD for unknown reasons. provide tangible says is part of 03608 USA. can’s largest structures, eagles. All had been The remarkable find points to a complex proof in the form Atlantis is nothing indicating that it may have bound before their appar- and warlike society that is far different from of bricks and mor- more than a natu- been used for human and ent sacrifice. that envisioned by earlier scholars. “This is tar, as the artifacts ral feature of the z animal sacrifices. Although the decapitat- the second significant find of sacrifice at are still buried ocean floor,” The remains were dis- ed victims were tossed to Teotihuacan,” Mike Smith of the State Uni- under several Huebscher said. covered by archaeolo- one side of the burial versity of New York at Albany stated. To Send a Letter meters of sedi- “It’s actually part gists within the fifth level chamber, two others were "Nobody can say that this was just a one to the Editor ment, but the cir- of a group of of the seven-layered pyra- AP interred with a variety of off." archaeologist Saburo Sugiyama said. Email Kim Guarnaccia, Editor, at edi- , ,
O cumstantial and now-extinct vol- mid, indicating that the N ornaments and weapons, “We don’t know who the victims were, but [email protected] or write to VA sacrifices must have I including jade ear spools we know that this ritual was carried out dur- other evidence is canoes that long A Mysteries Magazine, PO Box 490, C ago erupted with taken place fairly early on R and an unusual necklace ing the enlargement process of a major mon- irrefutable,”Sar- Walpole, NH 03608 USA. O during the period in which T decorated with imitation ument in Teotihuacan.” mud and hot
C mast said. I the monument was erect- V human jawbones, all —RICHARD MACKENZIE At a news conference in the port city gasses.” ed and added to. Ten headless bodies were items associated with wealth and power. SOURCES: WHAT’S NEW NETSCAPE, of Limassol, Sarmast used animated sim- —TIM SWARTZ tossed into a tomb at the center of the pyra- As the ancient inhabitants of Teotihuacan NEWSCIENTIST.COM, DISCOVERY NEWS ulations to detail walls that appear to be SOURCE: BBC
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objects through parallel universes. Many physicists, however, do not Scientists Say Universe Air Force Releases agree with the conclusions of the report, calling into question the scientific quality control of the Air Force. “It is, in large Just a Computer Sim Study on Teleportation part, crackpot physics,” says physicist Z T
However, some academics are skepti- R understand the significance of remote Lawrence Krauss of Case Western
he possibility that what we see A n a move that has excited some sci- W
S Reserve University. He describes the Air around us may not actually exist cal of the notion of a machine-created entists and angered others, the Air viewing and PK. They believe that these M I has been raised by philosophers universe. Seth Lloyd, professor of quan- T Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) techniques could have strategic implica- Force report as “some things adapted T I from reasonable theoretical studies and since ancient times. Now, Sir Martin tum mechanical engineering at the Mas- the stuff that dreams are made of,” he published in August, 2004, a study on tions, from damaging an enemies’ com- Rees, Royal Society professor of astrono- sachusetts Institute of Technology, said said. “It’s interesting to speculate on, teleportation (the ability to move oneself puters by telepathy to mentally influenc- other things from nonsensical ones.” my at Cambridge University, suggests such a computer would have to be but it still remains fiction.” from location to location through pow- ing enemy combatants to surrender. The Air Force paid $25,000 for the that reality may be no more than a giant unimaginably large and use incalculable —TIM SWARTZ ers of the mind), in which they investigat- computer simulation, with humans amounts of energy. “Right now this is SOURCE: THE SUNDAY TIMES, LONDON ed the possibilities that material objects reduced to bits of software. could be teleported using unconvention- “Over a few decades, computers have al methods; described teleportation as it evolved from being able to simulate only Last Speaker of Unique, occurs in physics; and discussed its poten- simple patterns to being able to create tial applications. The study also examined virtual worlds with a lot of detail,” says teleportation phenomena that occur Rees. “If that trend were to continue, All-Female Language Dies both naturally and under laboratory con- then we can imagine computers [that n September 2004, one of the last links guage’s written form, as complete ditions. Report author Eric Davis of could] simulate worlds perhaps as com- to a remarkable ancient language that manuscripts are rare because they were Warp Drive Metrics Davis states that if plicated as the one we are living in.” Iwas spoken only by women was lost with traditionally burned upon the author’s verified, psychic teleportation could Rees suggests that the philosophical the passing of Yang Huanyi. Huanyi was death or buried with the departed. Schol- offer potential military, intelligence, and question is that we ourselves could be in one of the only surviving people to have ars have become particularly interested in commercial applications. fluency in the Nushu language of China, a Nushu because the language bears a such a simulation and that the universe In support of the idea, the report cited 400-year-old set of charac- strong resemblance to could be some sort of “vault of heaven” Soviet and Chinese studies of psychics ters used by women with carved letters and symbols rather than the real thing. Rees empha- which to share their inner- found on tor toise shells and U.S. military studies of psychokine- sizes that this is just a theory, but increas- most secrets. and bone artifacts in ruins sis (PK), the ability to move objects with ingly, eminent physicists and cosmolo- Having learned the lan- more than 3,000 years old. only the mind. For instance, biologist gists are discussing the possibilities. guage as a small girl in Although Huanyi, who Zhu Yi Yi in a paper published in the Among them is John Barrow, profes- Jiangyong province, where was in her 90s, did not Chinese journal Ziran Zazhi (Nature sor of mathematical sciences at Cam- some scholars believe the pass her linguistic exper- Journal), cited Chinese research in the Yang Huanyi bridge University, who points out that Nushu tongue originated, tise on to her children or 1980s with psychic children who exhib- A teleportation machine, as envisioned in the movie Timeline. the universe has a degree of fine-tuning she honed her knowledge grandchildren, she regularly ited extraordinary PK abilities. One girl, that makes it safe for living organisms. through correspondence with consulted with scholars in for example, could make cigarettes van- Even a tiny alteration in such a thing as the eldest of seven “sworn order to preser ve the ish from a closed box. Four other young sisters” who maintained its unique, age-old tongue. in gravity would make stars burn out, girls were reported to be able to teleport The report also reviewed a range of report, part of a $20.5 million rocket secrets. After their deaths in Many of her poems and let- atoms fly apart, and the world impossible flowers into covered teacups. teleportation concepts and experiments, and missile design contract. The report the 1980s and ‘90s, Huanyi ters were also published at including: calls for an additional $7.5 million for to live in. Such fine-tuning, he suggests, became the leading source Tsinghua University in Bei- Even though Davis offers no examples, conducting further psychic teleportation could be taken as evidence for some kind of information on the lan- jing earlier in the year. Along one can imagine the military applications • Quantum teleportation, a technique experiments. Explaining why the lab of intelligent designer at work. guage, which has been used by women to with the letters, a dictionary compiled last of being able to teleport military equip- that shifts the characteristics but not “Civilizations only a little more convey their thoughts and feelings to one year by Zhou Shuoyi—a rare male student ment, or even personnel, instantaneously the location of subatomic particles at sponsored the study, AFRL spokesman advanced than ourselves could have the another without fear in a largely male-dom- of the language—have sparked renewed to a war-zone. Commercially, teleporta- great distances. Ranney Adams said, “If we don’t turn capability to simulate universes in which inated society. interest in the ancient language both in tion could replace more conventional • Wormholes, whereby the intense grav- over stones, we don’t know if we have self-conscious entities communicate with Phrases, poems, and words were often China and abroad. means of transportation and could gener- itational field near black holes could missed something.” one another,” he said, suggesting that embroidered on handkerchiefs and other ate a dramatic revolution in technology. open entrances to distant locales. this may be exactly what happened with linens or painted onto fans, so these have —RICHARD MACKENZIE Davis notes that there are numerous • Exotic (or Extra-Dimensions), the —TIM SWARTZ become a chief source of study for the lan- SOURCES: CHINAVIEW.CN, LIVING NEWS PORTAL our own universe. supporters within the U.S. military who conveyance of persons or inanimate SOURCE: USA TODAY
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human brain grew over time. They say that behaviors such as making and using New Human Species Discovered tools and fire—and hunting the dwarf elephants, which would require planning Skeletal remains unearthed by Judith Kane brain about the size of a large grapefruit and communication—demonstrates that on a remote Indonesian n October of 2004, scientists (one-quarter to one-third the size of the Flores Man was intelligent, despite his announced the discovery of a previ- brain of a modern human). island may be the first small cranial capacity. Iously unknown, dwarf-sized human Scientists have named the species Some scientists argue that it is prema- evidence in more than a species on the tiny island of Flores, Homo florensiensis (Flores Man), after the ture to classify Flores Man in the genus located on the eastern tip of Java, mid- island on which it was discovered. As no century of a new species Homo, which are generally characterized way between Asia and Australia. smaller species of human is known to sci- by a relatively large braincase, erect pos- of hominid that shared the At first, archaeologists thought that a ence (the smallest previously known ture, opposable thumbs, and the ability skeleton found in a shallow limestone humans are African pygmies, who average Earth with modern man. to make tools. They argue instead that cave in 2003 was that of a modern less than five feet tall), archaeologists have Flores Man’s diminutive stature, small human child. However, examination of dubbed the skeletons “the hobbits,” after brain size, receding chin, the shape of its wear on its teeth, the growth lines of its the diminutive characters in J.R.R. lower mandible, and the shape of the skull, and the shape of its pelvis showed Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings. base of its skull are all reminiscent of that the remains were from an adult Sediment deposits in the cave were early Australopithecus, a pre-human female who died 18,000 years ago at found to contain stone tools and spear species thought to around the age of 30. Further tests points that were apparently used for The skulls found on Flores (left) show that the species had big, round eyes, a thick eyebrow ridge, a sloping forehead, a receding chin, and a have existed only in The archaeological site on Flores is revealed that the woman stood only 3.3 hunting. Also found were fossil remains brain about the size of a large grapefruit (one-quarter to one-third the Africa three million located on the eastern tip of Java, feet tall, weighed about 55 pounds, and of dwarf elephants, giant rodents, Komo- midway between Asia and Australia. size of the brain of a modern human, on the right). Right: A model of years ago. had unusually long arms. do dragons (giant lizards that grow up to what a Flores woman might have looked like. Proponents answer Subsequent excavations of the cave 10 feet long), and a variety of other ani- that H. florensiensis has uncovered the remains of six other indi- mals. Some of the animal remains are a number of facial and viduals, both male and female, of the same charred, suggesting that H. florensiensis skull traits that closely dwarfish size. The remains show that they used fire to roast their food. that are smaller than rabbits grow larger remote jungles of the resemble a miniature were bipedal, with shinbones similar to The artifacts date from 95,000 to so that they can compete for available Indonesian island of H. erectus. This, cou- those of apes, and had large, blunt teeth. 12,000 years ago, when a massive vol- resources while animals that are larger Sumatra.) pled with its surpris- The skulls show that the species had big, canic eruption apparently caused the than rabbits get smaller to minimize ingly human behav- round eye sockets, but had a hard, thick extinction of both Flores Man and the energy requirements.) Contradicting iors, puts it firmly eyebrow ridge and a sharply sloping fore- pygmy elephant, as well as several other Since the first evidence of modern Conventional Wisdom within the Homo fami- head. They also had a receding chin and a unusual species that lived on the island. humans reaching the island of Flores cholars say that ly, they say, despite its appears only 11,000 years ago—above the fact that H. smaller body size, Flores Man’s Ancestors the layer of volcanic ash—it is unknown Sflorensiensis sur- smaller brain, and mix- s stone tools previously found on whether there was any interaction vived for at least ture of primitive and Flores date as far back as 840,000 between the two species. Contact 10,000 years longer advanced anatomical Ayears ago, experts speculate that between the two species, however, might than Neanderthals—a features. another species of early humans, probably account for the local legends of tiny, hob- species that co-existed As a result of their Homo erectus, may have migrated to the bit-like creatures called “Ebu Gogo.” with modern humans age and the damp island nearly a million years ago and And if some of the tiny humans had sur- in Europe 30,000 conditions of the cave in which the became marooned there, dwarfing and vived the volcanic eruption and had years ago and was thought to have been bones were found, the remains are not evolving into H. florensiensis over hun- escaped the island, it might account for the last pre-modern species—contra- fossilized (they have been described as dreds of thousands of years, according to the persistent reports of sightings of Ebu dicts conventional wisdom that modern being “like mashed potatoes”). So sci- Island Rule. (Island Rule is an evolution- Gogo living in the caves on Flores and humans systematically crowded out entists are hopeful that the bones might ary theory that postulates that in isolated nearby islands as late as the 19th century. other upright-walking species. yield DNA, which would help clarify environments with finite resources, few (Cryptozoologists even believe that simi- Scientists also say that Flores Man’s the relationship between the species predators, and few species competing for lar small, hairy creatures called orang pen- small brain is a major departure from the and provide a new perspective on the the same environmental niche, animals dek, or “little persons,” still live in the general evolutionary trend that the evolution of the human lineage. z
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G REAT BALLS O F F IRE! Did a Comet Cause the 1871 Great Chicago Fire? New research lends by Judith Kane and discovered that it returned at regular “great balls of fire” or “fire balloons” n March of 2004, engineer and intervals of 6.6 years. During the comet’s that fell from the sky and exploded over credence to a theory that on physicist Robert Wood told a confer- 1846 pass, astronomers noted that it had the trees. He believes that reports by October 7, 1871, a comet ence of the Aerospace Corporation broken into two large pieces. The posi- Chicago firemen that buildings “burned I Above: Up until now, most have believed that the Great Chicago fire was caused when crashed into the Earth’s and the American Institute of Aeronau- tion of the fragments was recorded dur- Mrs. O’Leary’s cow kicked over a lantern, catching the barn on fire. Right: a map of the blue” may be evidence that the Chicago tics and Astronautics that his review of ing subsequent orbits, until the comet fires that burned in a V-shaped trajectory across Michigan in 1871. This pattern is identi- fire was caused by the methane that is atmosphere, showering fiery 19th-century astronomical observations failed to appear in 1866. cal to what one would expect to find if a comet had exploded in the upper atmosphere, commonly found in comets. debris on parts of the Great bolsters an old theory that the calami- The comet was never seen again but, raining firey debris over many miles, catching hundreds of acres on fire. Systems design engineer and Mun- tous Chicago fire began when Biela’s in early 1872, when it was scheduled to sing resident Ken Rieli suggests addi- Lakes and sparking the Comet broke up and rained white-hot return, a meteor shower radiated from tional evidence to support Wood’s con- Great Chicago Fire. debris over an area of the Midwest that the part of the sky where it would have clusion, including a 58-pound was already parched by drought condi- appeared. Meteor showers of diminish- Fires Across the Midwest forest, prairie, and farmland were carbonaceous chondrite meteorite that tions. Wood believes that the debris not ing intensity continued at regular inter- lthough most people have heard destroyed and as many as 2,500 people he found on the Port Sanilac shores of only started the Chicago fire but also vals for the remainder of the 19th cen- about the fire that destroyed lost their lives. Fire department officials Lake Huron several years ago. A huge ignited a number of more devastating tury, leading astronomers to believe AChicago’s downtown area, claim- say that the fires occurred during the impact crater was also found by geolo- blazes that burned in areas north of the that the meteors marked the death of ing 250 lives and leaving 100,000 resi- same 24-hour period; that all were very gists in the early 1990s, nearly 200 feet city on the same night, including a fire in Biela’s Comet. dents homeless, few know about the hot and fast-moving, raging out of con- beneath the surface of Lake Huron. Peshtigo, WI, that still ranks as the dead- Based on his analysis of the positions other fires that burned concurrently trol within minutes; and that no cause Meteorite-like rock was also discovered liest fire in American history. of the fragments during the comet’s across the tri-state area and as far away as was ever determined for any of them. at the same depth in Lake Huron by First sighted in 1772, the comet was final passes, Wood now concludes that Minnesota, northern Ohio, and southern crews drilling a water pipeline. A photo of the decimated city of named for Wilhelm von Biela, who cal- the comet broke into pieces after a Ontario. Fires also blazed in Peshtigo, The Comet Theory Reili also says that the fires burned in a Chicago, after the Great Fire of 1871. culated its orbit around the sun in 1826 close encounter with Jupiter’s asteroid WI, a town located hundreds of miles he comet theory, first suggested cone-shaped, north-to-south pattern, belt in 1845. He also thinks that north of Chicago. There, the fire jumped in 1882, has often been dis- emanating from the shores of Lake Jupiter’s gravity affected the trajectory over the waters of Green Bay and burned Tmissed by scientists, who say that Huron and fanning out in a V-shaped and speed of the fragments again dur- both sides of the inlet town. The fire meteorites cannot sustain sufficient heat trajectory across the lower peninsula of ing the comet’s penultimate orbit, spread to consume approximately 1.5 from their entry into the Earth’s atmo- Michigan (the area that suffered the sending the smaller of the two frag- million acres of land, destroying several sphere to ignite a fire on the ground. worst of the fires), to Chicago and ments on a path toward Earth. smaller, nearby communities. Proponents of the theory, however, insist Peshtigo. He says that the pattern is Wood theorizes that the main body of Across Lake Michigan, the towns of that the fires must have been kindled by identical to the ballistic pattern of a shot- the fragment crashed into one of the Manistee and Holland also burned to the fiery fragments from the dying comet gun cluster of pellets, suggesting that Great Lakes on October 7, 1871, and that ground and, during the same period, fires and argue that it cannot be a coincidence there were hundreds or thousands of peripheral fragments and debris, includ- also threatened Lansing, Muskegon, that so many unexplained fires started pieces of debris. This would make Lake ing small pieces of frozen methane, acety- South Haven, Menominee, Sturgeon within such a short time and over such a Huron “ground zero” for the 1871 lene, and other highly combustible chem- Bay, Saginaw, Grand Rapids, and Way- wide area. astral bombardment. icals, exploded from the friction of land. Flames blackened the outskirts of Wood, who says that the orbital If correct, the comet theory may final- entering the Earth’s atmosphere and Big Rapids and a steamship passing the parameters of the rogue comet have ly vindicate Mrs. O’Leary’s cow, long ignited the Chicago fire and dozens of Manitou Islands that evening even never before been taken into considera- been blamed for starting the Chicago fire other fires that burned simultaneously in reported that the islands were all on fire. tion, cites eyewitness reports of sponta- by kicking over a kerosene lantern in her Wisconsin and Michigan. In all, more than four million acres of neous ignitions, lack of smoke, and barn. z
2 8 MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E , I SS U E # 9 WWW. MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E . C O M 2 9 Mysteries on Exhibit Mysteries on Exhibit
years. Among the artifacts from King East Coast Midwest Cranbrook Institute of Science Shipwreck Museum South Carolina State Museum Tut’s tomb are his gold crown and the BLOOMFIELD HILLS, MI PARADISE, MI COLUMBIA, SC canopic coffinette that contained his (877) 462-7262 | WWW.CRANBROOK.EDU/INSTITUTE (877) 744-7973 I WWW.SHIPWRECKMUSEUM.COM (803) 898-4921 I WWW.MUSEUM.STATE.SC.US mummified internal organs. American Museum of Natural History American UFO Museum Strange Matter (June 4-Sept. 5, 2005) The Haunting World of Shipwrecks Prehistoric Predators: Dinosaurs NEW YORK, NY WISCONSIN DELLS, WI From metals with memory to micro- (May 1-Oct. 31, 2005) This exhibit Unleashed (through July 17, 2005) The Bowers Museum of Cultural Art (212) 769-5400 I WWW.AMNH.ORG (608) 253-5055 | WWW.UFOMUSEUM.COM machinery, discover the amazing world uses artifacts and first-hand accounts to This exhibit examines prehistoric life in SANTA ANA, CA Dinosaurs: Ancient Fossils, New Dis- Alien Planet Extreme 3D Adventure of materials science. Use a bowling ball explore the perils of maritime transport the forms of skeletons and fleshed-out (714) 567-3600 I WWW.BOWERS.ORG coveries (May 14, 2005-Jan. 8, 2006) (through Sept. 5, 2005) This walk- to try to shatter a pane of heat-tempered along Lake Superior’s Shipwreck Coast, robotic dinosaurs, recreated environ- Mummies: Death and the Afterlife in This exhibit presents reinterpretations of through exhibit features 3D technology glass or swish a gloved hand through a the 80-mile stretch of rugged shoreline ments, videos, and more. A full-sized Ancient Egypt (through Apr. 17, the most persistent and puzzling myster- that accents depth perception and incor- substance that morphs from fluid to solid that extends west from the museum, skeleton of the largest carnivore ever 2006) This exhibit illustrates the Egyp- porates animatronics, lasers, special and back again, at the touch of a button. which is located on the site of the Great found—and numerous hands-on activi- tian ritual of preparing the dead for the effects, and a complex sound environ- Lakes’ oldest active lighthouse. ties—are also featured. afterlife. It features 140 funerary objects, ment to create an adventure that begins Gilcrease Museum of Art including 14 mummies and coffins, in a hologram room where visitors are TULSA, OK Virginia Air & Space Center canopic jars, offering tables, and tomb welcomed by an android. Visit a botani- (918) 596-2700 | WWW.GILCREASE.ORG South HAMPTON, VA H furnishings. cal nursery where strange eggs are at var- (757) 727-0900 I WWW.VASC.ORG MM Machu Picchu: A
/ ious stages of hatching, and a cloning Unveiling the Michael C. Carlos Museum The Lost Spacecraft: Liberty Bell 7 S
EN laboratory where unusual experiments Mysteries of the ATLANTA, GA Recovered (through Sept. 4, 2005)
CK Outside the U.S. I
M are being performed. Other areas include Incas (through (404) 727-4282 I WWW.CARLOS.EMORY.EDU See the only unrecovered NASA space- . R a toxic waste containment area and an July 17, 2005) Excavating Egypt: Great Discoveries craft, which was used in 1961 for the Canadian Museum of Civilization ies about how dinosaurs looked, moved, extraterrestrial morgue. This exhibit fea- From the Petrie Museum (through U.S.’ second manned space mission. GATINEAU, QUEBEC, CANADA ON
and behaved and why they became T W tures stunning Nov. 27, 2005) This exhibit presents Although it lay deeper under the ocean’s (800) 555-5621I WWW.CIVILIZATION.CA A L extinct. The exhibit features fossil speci- COSI Columbus L panoramic pho- many of the most important finds of Sir surface than the Titanic and is only the The Artic Voyages of
mens and casts; interactive computer COLUMBUS, OH HAE
C tographs, interac- William Matthew Flinders Petrie, the size of a refrigerator, it was recovered in I Martin Frobisher simulations and animations; videos of (888) 819-2674 | WWW.COSI.ORG M tive displays, Inca father of Egyptian archaeology, and 1999 and will be displayed alongside the (through Sep. fieldwork; a large wall of mounted Titanic: The Artifact Exhibition art and artifacts, as well as replicas of an items from the Petrie Museum at Uni- history of the space program and the 11, 2005) This dinosaur skulls; and a walk-through dio- (through Sept. 5, 2005) This exhibit ancient Inca road, a burial chamber, a versity College, London. The exhibit story of the recovery mission. exhibit presents rama that is the world’s most detailed re- features a chronology of the life of the ill- palace complex, and the house of the uses photographs, excavation notes, and Martin Frobish- creation of a prehistoric environment. fated vessel, through recreated first- and Inca king. personal journals to bring the science of er’s 1576-78 third-class cabins, a large simulated ice- archaeology and the early days of Egyp- West Coast expeditions to The Maritime Aquarium Prince Conference Center tology to life. Nunavut in Arc- NORWALK, CT at Calvin College Los Angeles County Museum of Art tic Canada, the (203) 852-0700 I WWW.MARITIMEAQUARIUM.ORG GRAND RAPIDS, MI Museum of Science & Industry LOS ANGELES, CA first European expe- Into the Abyss: Extreme Deep Discov- (616) 526-7800 | WWW.CALVIN.EDU/PETRA TAMPA, FL (323) 857-6000 I WWW.LACMA.ORG dition to search for a ery Zone (through Sept. 6, 2005) This Petra: Lost City of Stone (through (813) 987-6100 I WWW.MOSI.ORG Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of northwest passage to Asia, the exhibit includes hands-on displays that Aug. 15, 2005) This exhibit tells the SPACE: A Jour- the Pharaohs (June 16–Nov. 15, first large-scale mining venture in Cana- delve into the story of the 19th-century rediscovery of ney to Our Future 2005) This exhibit da, and the earliest English attempt to geology, history, Petra, located at the (through May 30, features more than establish a colony in the New World. biology, chemistry, ancient crossroads of the 2005) This exhibit 130 treasures from weather, and silk and spice trade features dozens of tombs, royal graves, Hancock Museum exploration of life routes. The exhibit high- interactive displays and ancient sites in NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, ENGLAND at the bottom of lights new scholarship that allow visitors to the Valley of the (0191) 222 6765 the ocean and the and recent archaeological feel the rumble of a Kings, including 50 WWW.TWMUSEUMS.ORG.UK/HANCOCK technology that berg, and more than 200 artifacts recov- discoveries that feature rocket launch, objects from the Buried Treasure (through June 26, enables oceanogra- ered from the wreckage. Learn about the more than 200 objects touch a piece of the tomb of Tutankh- 2005) Learn how archaeological discov- phers to deal with technology, artistry, and incredible effort found at the site, many of moon and Mars, amun, which are on eries have enhanced historical knowledge the crushing pres- needed to find and reach the ship that which are on view for the test their space survival skills, and walk in exhibit in the U.S. for and have revolutionized our understand- sures of the deep. now lies 2.5 miles under the sea. first time outside Jordan. the footsteps of astronauts. the first time in 27 ing of the past. z
3 0 MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E , I SS U E # 9 WWW. MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E . C O M 3 1 Urban Legends Urban Legends A “WAVE” OF HOAXES Follows the 2004 Tsunami Staggering devastation by Charles Rammelkamp unusual animal rescues. always excites the ot surprisingly, the recent Soon after the tsunami struck, the tsunami that devastated Asia, internet was flooded with bogus images imagination and frequently, Nimmediately killing over a of the waves crashing down on innocent people will tell tales about quarter of a million people, has bred people, accompanied by a message say- many urban legends, from bogus pho- ing something like, the disaster that end up tographs to tales of sea monsters stirred “I just received these photos from a being based not on fact up from the ocean’s depths, warnings former business associate who was but on wishful thinking. not to eat seafood from the area for fear vacationing in Thailand when the Above: This photo and the one on the previous page were circulated as depicting the 2004 of being poisoned, and even tales of tsunami struck. Fortunately, she was tusnami, but they were actually taken in 2003 of a Chinese tidal bore. Right: Photos of able to escape.” deep-sea fish that were circulated on the internet as fish dredged up by the tsunami. But In the rush to print compelling pho- in reality, they were photos taken of fish found in the Tasman Sea in 2003. tographs of the disaster—and boost sales—newspapers from South Africa, to India and Canada did not verify the pic- should avoid eating seafood from tsuna- there are still few takers. In Singapore, tures as real. If they had, they would have mi-devasted areas because it may con- seafood prices have dropped by half. found that these photos were actually tain the Zulican virus. But according to thing was wrong and, according to the taken in 2002 of a tidal bore (unusually Health Secretary Manuel Dayrit of the Rumors of Unusual Animal Rescues rescued child, ran with her on its back high tides resulting in waters flowing Philippine Department of Health, there ouching rumors of animals rescu- away from the incoming sea, escaping far upstream at high speeds) on the Qian is actually no such thing as the Zulican ing humans during the tidal wave enough inland that when the wave Tang Jiang River, in Hangzhou, China. virus. (Who made up the term “Zuli- Thave also circulated on the inter- caught up with them, the onrushing Tidal bores occur at predictable times, can” and why they perpetrated this net. One states that as the waves had sub- waters reached only up its side, leaving and watching these events is a four-day, hoax is not known.) sided, elephants in Thailand broke free the little girl unharmed. government-sponsored festival in China. A similar hoax that was spread in the from their handlers and returned to the But the animal’s owner disputes this Other bogus photographs that have wake of the tsunami suggests that fish, beach to rescue 42 people. account. According to Yong Chataisong, been circulated are of “sea monsters” crabs, and prawns from the seas affected No doubt because the tsunami was there were actually two little girls, and that were supposedly dredged up from by the tsunami are now feeding on the such an extraordinary natural disaster, when he saw the wave coming in, he the bottom of the ocean by the tsunami. human corpses that were washed out to people struggling to make sense of it placed one of the girls on the elephant’s These are genuine images of strange, sea. This feeding, the story asserts, pass- looked for other equally unbelievable back, commanded the animal to grab up deep-sea creatures, but the photographs es diseases from the decaying bodies to acts, exaggerating actual occurrence into the other child, then jumped up there have nothing to do with the Indian the fish, and then to those who eat the tall tales. Certainly, some tsunami victims himself, and the elephant carried all three Ocean tsunami. Most actually were seafood. were rescued by tamed elephants, but to safety. taken as part of a joint Australian-New But this is not true. Fish eat plankton, urban legend trackers have determined Overwhelming natural disasters such Zealand research expedition conducted plants, and other dead fish, not rotting that they were not the heroic savings as the tsunami last December inevitably in 2003, to explore deep sea habitats corpses. Yet this urban legend has caused reported in the press. excite our imaginations, resulting in fan- and biodiversity in the Tasman Sea. the price of seafood to plunge in many The most legitimate instance of a real tastic stories of danger and rescue that we countries, especially in Sri Lanka and animal rescue was that of an eight-year- want to believe are true, simply to mea- Poisoned Seafood Tamil Nadu. There, fish markets have old girl who was riding an elephant on sure up to the reality of the event. This nother urban legend surround- become virtually deserted. Even though Laguna Beach in Phuket, Thailand, “tall-tale syndrome” often comes into ing the recent tsunami disaster seafood is now being sold for only one- when the tidal wave hit. When the waters play even when the reality is as devastat- Ais the assertion that consumers tenth of its price before the tsunami, receded, the elephant recognized some- ing as any fiction could ever be. z
3 2 MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E , I SS U E # 9 WWW. MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E . C O M 3 3 Our Mysterious Universe Our Mysterious Universe
for the obvious devastation to the sur- The Controversy Continues rounding forest, most in the scientific uri Lavbin is certain, however, Was the Tunguska Blast Caused by community would have dismissed the that the Tunguska explosion was Tunguska blast as a figment of the imag- Ynot a natural event. He and his ination of superstitious reindeer herders. team say that on their 2004 expedition a Comet Collision with an ET Craft? In fact, Tunguska was largely ignored to the Podkamannaya Tunguska river, On June 30, 1908, by Tim Swartz Researchers then chipped off a piece of and almost forgotten, a curious footnote they found two strange black cubes, fiery object streaked across the the object and sent it to an unnamed lab in dusty academic journals, until after with each side measuring a meter and a something exploded in the morning sky over Tunguska, in the Siberian city of Krasnoyarsk in World War II, when Russian scientist half in length. sky above Siberia. One ASiberia, on June 30, 1908. Any- order to test its composition. Aleksander Kazansev began evaluating These stones “are manifestly not of the atomic bomb explosion at Hiroshi- natural origin,” Lavbin said. They Russian researcher claims one unlucky enough to be in the forested The head of the expedition, Yuri tundra that day would probably have Lavbin, who has spent 12 years working ma for the Soviet government. Kazansev appear to have been fired and their he has proof that the thought that the end of the world had on the mystery of the Tunguska blast, quickly noticed similarities between the material recalls an alloy “used to make Tunguska explosion was come, as a tremendous explosion burned believes that the explosion was caused two events. space rockets.” Although analysis of the down hundreds of miles of forest and when a comet and a mysterious flying The American atomic bomb had stones has not yet been completed, he more than a natural event. ignited controversy among researchers, machine collided 10 kilometers above reported unusual disturbances in the exploded at a high altitude and the believes that the cubes are the remains who have struggled to discover the true the Earth’s surface. Earth’s magnetic field, and magnetic downward rushing shock wave had left of a flying machine, perhaps an extrater- cause of the explosion ever since. “We were saved by a superior civiliza- storms similar to the ones produced by the trees directly beneath it standing restrial spaceship. Up until now, scientists have believed tion,” Lavbin said. “They exploded this nuclear test explosions in the atmo- while flattening trees and houses further Lavbin also claims to have found a that the blast was caused by a meteor enormous meteorite that was heading sphere also occurred. The seismograph out, in a radiating pattern, a similar pat- huge white stone “the size of a peasant’s that exploded in the atmosphere above towards us with enormous speed. Now station in St. Petersburg even recorded tern as found in the Tunguska region. hut” stuck in the top of a crag in the the forest. But in the summer of 2004, this great object that caused the mete- tremors from the blast, as did more dis- The mushroom cloud and the black rain middle of the devastated forest, which members of a Russian scientific expedi- orite to explode is found at last,” he tant stations around the world. that followed the blast also conformed local people call the “Reindeer Stone.” tion announced that they had discov- added. But with little to go on other The first expedition to study the to eyewitness reports from Tunguska. Lavbin suggests that it is made of a crys- ered in the Tunguska area a large metal- than a few news reports, scientists all over Tunguska meteorite was organized in Kazantsev then suggested that the talline matter that could have been part lic block that they believed to be the world attacked the claims of the Rus- 1927 by Professor Leonid Kulik and Tunguska event may have been caused of the core of a comet. A photo taken in the Tunguska region the Soviet Academy of Sciences. Kulilk by an atomic-powered spaceship that If chemical analysis shows it to be of Siberia, soon after the 1908 blast. extraterrestrial in origin. sian group as a hoax. and his team then walked more than exploded in the area. While most scien- from space, the Reindeer Stone could A Light In The Sky 100 miles through treacherous swamps tists laughed at his explanation, some reinforce Lavbin’s theory that the 1908 here is no doubt that something and bogs, forded countless streams and took seriously his suggestion that the explosion was caused by a collision of an extraordinary happened in the rivers, and fought through dense mass- blast was atomic in nature. atomic-powered extraterrestrial space- Tsky over the Tunguska region in es of bloodthirsty mosquitoes to reach They also began to notice other simi- craft with either an asteroid or comet. 1908. Witnesses reported seeing a fiery their destination. larities. For instance, both Tunguska’s However, most astronomers are less object streak across the morning sky and When they arrived, they found evi- reindeer population and Hiroshima’s than excited by the recent announce- then explode with a force rivaling an dence that something extraordinary had human population had developed similar ments, stating that the expedition went atomic bomb, flattening an estimated indeed happened. Kulilk was certain that skin diseases from the radiation fallout. looking for evidence of a UFO, ignor- 60 million trees in an 800-square mile a huge meteorite had fallen, but was dis- There was also evidence of accelerated ing evidence that the explosion was area. Witnesses up to 40 miles away mayed to discover that there was no plant growth at both locations. caused by a comet impact. Science even felt the blast of heat through sever- crater at the epicenter of the blast. He Over the years, other novel sugges- writer James Oberg also points out al layers of clothing. speculated that the bulk of the meteorite tions have been put forth as explanations that the Tunguska area may be yielding Ash and powdered tundra fragments lay embedded somewhere within the of the blast, including a comet hit, a debris from a Russian space rocket that were then sucked skyward by the fiery central epicenter, but magnetic probes black hole, a small piece of antimatter, supposedly crashed in the area some- vortex. Caught up in the global air circu- and drilling over the years failed to and even an experiment gone wrong time in 1960. lation, unusually colorful sunsets and detect a buried meteoric body. from the laboratory of the electrical Hopefully, photographs of the frag- sunrises were reported from many coun- genius Nikola Tesla. Most astronomers ments, as well as the results of laboratory tries, including Western Europe, Scandi- Exploring the Blast were convinced, however, that the blast tests, may become available in the near navia, and Russia. cientists were baffled by this was caused by a stony asteroid exploding future. Until then, it is doubtful that the strange event, for nothing like it as it entered the Earth’s atmosphere sev- controversy surrounding the Tunguska Almost 1,000 miles southeast of the z blast, the Irkutsk Observatory also Shad ever been seen before. If not eral miles above the Siberian forest. blast will be settled anytime soon.
3 4 MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E , I SS U E # 9 WWW. MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E . C O M 3 5 Treasures from the Deep Treasures from the Deep
states of Rome and Carthage. Medieval Ship Found in Norway graveyard of scuttled vessels upriver from Dog Leads to Discovery As artifacts now on display at the 14th-century wooden ship was New Orleans’ French Quarter is the of an Ancient Wreck Marsala Museum are rapidly deteriorat- discovered in Norway’s Skien famed USS Chickasaw, a hulking Civil n October of 2004, an Israeli ing from exposure to the air, experts are ARiver near Telemark, in Septem- War gunship that played a heroic role in archaeologist’s dog led his owner to concerned that excavating the recently ber by divers who were placing stones the 1864 Battle of Mobile Bay. Until Ithe remains of an ancient ship, discovered ships would similarly damage along the bottom of the river to hinder now, there were no known examples of including a huge stone anchor that is the them. So they have proposed creating a underwater erosion. First recorded in the 1,300-ton Milwaukee class twin-tur- first artifact ever found from the era of high-tech museum that would allow visi- the 1950s, when it was struck by a ret ironclad river monitor that dominat- King David and his son Solomon. tors to explore the wreck using under- dredger, the 65-foot-long vessel was ed the war’s critical battle for control of Marine archaeologist Kurt Raveh was water cameras. found at a depth of just 33 feet, largely the country’s rivers and bays. watching his dog swimming and playing T
C To protect the site from unscrupulous
E intact, and in a good state of preserva- The Chickasaw was assigned to the in the shallow waters off the Mediter- L
SE divers and treasure hunters, the exact tion. Dubbed Bølevraket, the ship is West Gulf Blockading Squadron and ranean coast, near his home in Hof Dor, C I P believed to have been built during the remained on the bay for the rest of the about 25 miles north of Tel Aviv, when PA late 1300s in either Scandinavia or the war, bombarding the Confederate-held she seemed to get into trouble. Thinking ND A
E Baltic region and was sailing from Eids- forts in the lower bay and participating that she was drowning, Raveh started U borg in Lårdal when it sank. in operations to take the city of Mobile, swimming toward her when she sudden- OG V L
E Archaeologists planning a full excava- AL, in 1865. She was decommissioned ly stood up above the water. C M tion of the wreck say that the single- after the war’s end and was sold in 1874. When Raveh went to investigate, he G U
O masted vessel offers rare insight into ship The new owners sent the vessel to New found that she was standing on an D construction of the period. Orleans, where she was converted to a anchor and a number of wooden beams, Missing Section of Tudor on the top rail of the front section of the coal ferry and later used to carry railroad buried just a few inches beneath the Flagship Recovered ship. In addition to 40 huge carved tim- Divers Locate Oldest Western cars across the Mississippi under the sand. Raveh also discovered a number of ivers returned to the wreck of bers from the lost front section and large Ship Ever Found in Hawaii name Gouldsboro. wooden beams that are believed to be King Henry VIII’s favorite pieces of the hull, timber finds include ivers removing debris from The ship was used briefly to protect from a boat’s keel that dates to between Dwarship, the Mary Rose, in frame ribs, planks, and parts of cabins. location of the shipwrecks, which lies reefs around a remote atoll in England’s Portsmouth Harbor in Other artifacts recovered include a gun- only about 130 feet from the shore and the Hawaiian Islands discov- The sinking of the D USS Chickasaw. August of 2004 to recover a missing sec- ner’s tool, lead and iron shot, and stone seven feet below the water’s surface, has ered in September the wreckage of at tion of the legendary flagship and one of cannon balls. Only the forecastle remains not yet been revealed. least one of the two British whaling ships the cannons that may have caused her to to be found. for which the atoll is named. sink during an engagement with the The majority of the timbers have Ancient Trade Vessels Located 1,210 miles northwest of French in 1545. been reburied to preserve them while Found Off Naples Honolulu, the Pearl and Hermes Atoll Discovered in 1971, most of the Mary decisions are made about the difficult lso in August, archaeologists was named in 1822 after the ship Pearl Rose was raised in 1982 before a live TV and expensive task of raising them. exploring the bottom of the sea struck the reef and the Hermes raced to audience of more than 60 million. How- Those brought up have been stored in Aoff the island of Capri in the Gulf help, but also struck the reef, both sink- ever, the ship’s bowcastle (fortified front conservation tanks and will eventually of Naples, Italy, discovered the wrecks of ing as a result. The wreck site is scattered section that housed archers and cannon) join the previously recovered portions three ancient trade vessels that once plied across 700 yards of reef and ocean floor, remained missing and scholars had no of the Mary Rose, which now sit in her the Mediterranean between Rome and and includes anchors, whale oil caul- contemporary or reliable evidence of the original cradle in the Portsmouth His- the colonies in northern Africa. drons, cannons, gear for hunting and appearance of the bowcastle, which has toric Dockyard. Found at a depth of about 425 feet, processing whales, and even parts of the the Mississippi’s bridges from saboteurs 997 and 806 BC, which overlaps with been shown in reconstruction drawings two of the wrecks are from the first cen- wooden ships. during WWII and in 1945, after con- the rule of the ancient House of David as a fanciful turreted structure, similar to Ancient Punic Warships tury AD. Experts believe that one was struction of a new railroad bridge, the (1,000 to 925 BC). a miniature medieval castle. Discovered Off Sicilian Coast used to transport goods on the route Civil War Ironclad Found historic ship was scuttled in the grave- Raveh will soon lead a team of Then, in May of 2003, during the ini- n August of 2004, archaeologists between Rome and present-day Tripoli, in Shipwreck Graveyard yard full of outdated and unusable ves- archaeologists from Haifa University in tial stages of a survey of the harbor, exploring the shallow waters off the Libya. The other sank with a load of uring recent survey work to sta- sels and barges, designated only as Ship- exploring his discovery further. z divers located the front stem timber IItalian island of Sicily discovered the amphorae (slender terra cotta storage bilize part of the bed and banks wreck No. 2. from the keel only five feet from where remains of at least 25 warships that were containers) which the Romans used to Dof the Mississippi River, archae- Although there are no immediate —JUDITH KANE the earlier search had left off. The recent sunk in 241 BC during the battle of the transport fruit. The third ship dates to ologists and engineers from the Army plans to raise the vessel, the Chickasaw exploration yielded hundreds of artifacts, Egadi Islands at the end of the First the fourth century, and was laden with Corps of Engineers were surprised to will be preserved in situ and placed on including a swivel gun that was mounted Punic War, between the ancient city- similar amphorae containing fish sauce. discover that a long-forgotten wreck in a the National Registry of Historic Sites.
3 6 MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E , I SS U E # 9 WWW. MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E . C O M 3 7 *#"!% * &! !##( British author John Brophy coined the term “serial murder” in 1966, in his book The Meaning of Murder. American authorities would not adopt the label for another decade but in that same year, a terrifying serial killer in California debuted, one who called himself “Zodiac.” Despite four decades of intense investigation, his identity still remains unknown today.
3 8 MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E , I SS U E # 9 WWW. MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E . C O M 3 9 The Golden State’s most elusive predator rin joined 19-year-old Michael Mageau for a claimed his first known victim in Riverside, on night on the town in Vallejo. Mageau October 30, 1966. That evening, 18-year-old thought a stranger was following them at one Cheri Jo Bates emerged from the campus point, but Ferrin seemed to recognize the library at Riverside City College to find her other motorist, telling Mageau, “Don’t distributor coil disconnected and her car dis- worry about it.” Cheri Jo abled. A stranger approached with an offer of Midnight found them at Blue Rock Bates age 18 help, then dragged her behind some nearby Springs Park, where a second vehicle pulled killed shrubbery, where a furious struggle ended up alongside them, flashed a bright light in Oct. 30, 1966 with Bates stabbed in the chest and back, her their eyes, then opened fire with a nine-mil- throat slashed so deeply that she was nearly limeter pistol. Hit four times, Mageau sur- decapitated. vived; Ferrin, with nine bullet wounds, was Near Bates’ corpse, police found a Timex dead on arrival at the hospital. Forty minutes Betty Lou watch with a broken band, which was pre- after the shooting, Vallejo police received an Jensen sumed to be the killer’s. They also found a anonymous telephone call directing officers age 16 killed unique footprint, made by a shoe manufac- to the crime scene. Before hanging up, the Dec. 20, 1968 tured at Leavenworth prison and sold exclu- male caller declared, “I also killed those kids sively through U.S. military outlets. Neither last year.” item was ever traced to its owner. In retrospect, acquaintances recalled that Days after the murder, police received a Darlene had received harassing phone calls David typed confession of sorts, warning that Bates and intimidating visits from a heavyset Faraday “is not the first and she will not be the last.” stranger in the weeks before her death. She age 17 killed The author then described how he disabled called the man Paul and told a girlfriend that Dec. 20, 1968 Bates’ car then choked and stabbed her. “I he wished to silence her because she had seen am not sick,” he wrote. “I am not insane. But him commit a murder. Police searched for that will not stop the game.” Paul in the wake of Ferrin’s slaying, but he On April 30, 1967, following publication was never found. Darlene of an newspaper article on the case, three Ferrin age 18 identical letters were mailed to the newspa- “This is the Zodiac Speaking” killed July 4, 1969 per, to police, and to Bates’ father. They n July 31, 1969, the killer mailed
read: “Bates had to die. There will be more.” letters to three Bay Area newspa- M O C In July 1967, a state psychiatrist profiled pers, each containing one-third of a . R
O E Bates’s killer as, cryptic cipher. Ultimately broken by a local LL I K
“obsessed and pathologically preoccupied high-school teacher, the message began: “I C A I
Cecelia D
with intense hatred against female figures like killing people because it is so much fun.” O Z Shepard or his own unconscious feelings of inade- The author explained that he was killing in an . age 22 quacy, he is not likely to act out his feelings effort to “collect slaves” who would serve WWW killed Sept. 27, 1969 sexually, but in fantasy, as a rule… There him in the afterlife. is a real possibility that he can become Another letter, mailed on August 7, 1969, homicidal again.” introduced the “Zodiac” name and provided details of the latest killing, leaving police in Paul Stine The Reign of Terror no doubt that its author was the murderer. age 29 eventeen months later, that diagnosis The police recovered at least five “finger- killed proved prophetic. On December 20, prints of value” from the killer’s July-August Oct. 11, 1969 S1968, 17-year-old David Faraday was correspondence, but they matched no prints parked with his date, 16-year-old Betty Lou found in existing criminal files. Future corre- Jensen, on a rural road outside Vallejo, CA. A spondence typically opened with the stock night-stalking gunman found them there and phrase, “This is the Zodiac speaking.” Donna Ann killed both teenagers, shooting Faraday in On September 27, 1969, the killing con- Lass the head as he sat in the driver’s seat of his tinued. Twenty-year-old Bryan Hartnell and age 25 car. Betty Jensen ran 30 feet before she was 22-year-old Cecilia Shepherd were enjoying a missing, cut down by five shots to the back, fired from picnic at Lake Berryessa, near Vallejo, when Sept. 6, 1970 This letter was mailed to the San Francisco a .22-caliber semiautomatic pistol. they were accosted by a hooded gunman. Chronicle on April 20, 1970, postmarked San On July 4, 1969, 22-year-old Darlene Fer- Brandishing a pistol, the man described him- Francisco, CA. The cipher is still unsolved.
4 0 MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E , I SS U E # 9 WWW. MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E . C O M 4 1 self as an escaped convict who needed nine-millimeter semiautomatic pistol. As Then on March 22, 1970, Kathleen their car “to go to Mexico.” Producing police descended on the area in force, Johns was driving with her infant a coil of clothesline, he bound both vic- witnesses saw the gunman escape on daughter from San Bernardino to tims before drawing a long knife and foot toward the Presidio. Crime scene Petaluma, CA, along Interstate 5. Near stabbing Hartnell five times in the back. technicians lifted several fingerprints Modesto, another motorist signaled for espite a collection of up to 40 finger- Lawrence Kane few miles of the Stine murder scene and the Shepherd was stabbed 14 times, includ- from Stine’s cab that showed “traces of Johns to stop, flashing his lights and prints allegedly left by Zodiac, the rofiled as a Zodiac suspect in 1998 by call letters of a radio station where Marshall ing four wounds in the chest as she blood [that] are believed to be prints beeping his horn. Reluctantly, Johns Dkiller remains unidentified today. The Pthe television program America’s Most worked in the early 1970s (KTIM) allegedly twisted away from the plunging blade. from the suspect,” yet once again, they pulled over and the man stopped behind Zodiac suspects publicly identified to date Wanted, Kane was 38 years old in 1962, resemble cryptic symbols from one of the Departing from the scene, their matched no prints on file with California her, leaving his car to explain that her include the following: when he suffered brain damage in an auto- Zodiac’s letters. On balance, it is something assailant paused at Hartnell’s car to authorities or the FBI. left-rear tire seemed dangerously loose. mobile accident. Three years later, a psy- less than a compelling case. scribble on the door with a felt-tipped In the wake of Stine’s murder, the Johns later described the stranger as 30- Bruce Davis chologist declared that Kane was “losing pen: “Vallejo 12-20-68 7-4-69 Sept 27- Zodiac mailed a new barrage of letters, something, clean-shaven, and neatly one-time member of the Charles Man- the ability to control self-gratification.” Michael O’Hare 69-6:30 by knife.” some containing swatches of the cab- dressed, with short brown hair and Ason “family,” Davis is presently serving Darlene Ferrin’s sister reportedly named nitially named in 1987 as a Zodiac sus- The killer then phoned police to bie’s bloodstained shirt. Successive mes- “deadpan eyes.” a life sentence Kane as the man who followed and Ipect by author report the crime, but by that time, a sages claimed that he had killed seven The man worked briefly on Johns’ car for two counts of harassed her sister for several weeks Gareth Penn and first-degree mur- before her murder, and Kane disposed of later featured as one fisherman had already found the victims. victims instead of the established five with a lug wrench but when she tried to der in California. his car five days after the 1969 Mageau-Fer- of several suspects Brian Hartnell survived his wounds but and threatened to “wipe out a school drive away, the wheel fell off. Her bene- Although a rin shooting. Kathleen Johns also reportedly on the Learning Cecilia Shepard was doomed, another bus some morning.” He also vowed to factor then offered her a lift to the near- proven killer with identified Kane as the man who abducted Channel’s review of victim of the phantom stalker. Officers change his method of “collecting souls” est garage, but turned cold when she a fascination for her in 1970. the case, O’Hare is found the telephone booth from which when he wrote, “They shall look like asked if he often helped drivers in dis- occult symbol- Researcher Tom Voigt also claims that linked to the crimes the slayer called them, isolating four fin- routine robberies, killings of anger, & a tress. “When I’m done with them,” he ism, Davis does Kane’s surname “can be easily seen” in a only by a web of con- gerprints that remain unidentified to few fake suicides, etc.” said, “they don’t need any help.” not fit the Zodiac cipher jecture involving the alleged appearance of this day. A clear palm-print was also At least one letter (dated October 13, The trip then became a waking night- descriptions of mailed to police Morse code and binary mathematical sym- found on the telephone receiver but 1969) included several latent finger- mare, with the stranger taking Johns on the crew-cut Zodiac and his fingerprints do on April 20, 1970, bols in various Zodiac letters. (Most technicians accidentally smudged it, prints believed to be the killer’s, but an aimless drive through the country- not match those alleged to be the Zodiac’s. but other students researchers attribute those ephemeral thereby rendering it useless. again, they remained unidentified. Then side, threatening her life and that of her Since Davis was in custody by the mid- of the correspon- clues to Penn’s imagination). Penn’s theory 1970s, he has been ruled out as the writer dence dismiss also flies in the face of established evi- five days before Christmas, Zodiac child, before she managed to leap from of the Zodiac letters mailed after that time. that assertion as dence, as he also blames the Zodiac for Losing Control wrote to prominent attorney Melvin the car with her baby and hide in a road- fantasy. Kane was murders committed in Massachusetts as ut the killing spree did not stop Belli, pleading for help, with the chilling side drainage ditch. Theodore Kaczynski also living in Neva- late as 1981. there. On October 11, 1969, San remark that “I cannot remain in control When she reached a local sheriff’s sta- he elusive Unabomber who is presently da as of early BFrancisco cab driver Paul Stine for much longer.” A meeting was tion to report the kidnapping, Johns saw Tser ving life without parole in federal 1999, a fact Charles Clifton Collins was shot in the head and killed with a arranged, but the killer never showed. a wanted poster bearing sketches of the prison on three counts of first-degree mur- apparently unknown to producers of Ameri- amed as a suspect in 2002, Charles der, Ted Kaczynski was named as a Zodiac ca’s Most Wanted when they broadcast NCollins was fingered by his son, New suspect after FBI agents arrested him in pleas for viewers to locate him. His present York journalism student William Collins, in a 1998. The evidence normally cited in sup- whereabouts are unknown, but as no formal report aired by television’s Primetime Live. port of his candida- charges have been filed against him, he is As the younger Collins explained, he was cy includes his resi- free to travel where he will. reading a book on the Zodiac murders dency in the San sometime in the 1990s, when he saw pho- Francisco area dur- Rick Marshall tocopies of the killer’s letters and thought, ing the late 1960s, Texas native and 38 years old at the “Oh my God, that’s my dad’s handwriting.” his penchant for Atime of the Zodiac’s first known murder Further research persuaded Collins that his writing to the press in 1966, Marshall is linked with the crimes father, who died in 1993, resembled sus- after various crimi- more by geographic coincidence than any- pect sketches of the Zodiac, that his shoe nal acts, and his thing resembling solid evidence, and even size matched the killer’s, and that he lived exper tise at build- though his fingerprints match none of those in San Francisco when the murders were ing bombs. (The collected from the committed. The suspect’s initials (CCC) Zodiac never used explosives but one of his Zodiac crime scenes were also penned on one of the cards that letters did include a crude diagram of a or letters. Yet Mar- the Zodiac sent to police in his heyday. M
O bomb.) However, fingerprint and handwriting shall did live in River- William Collins appealed to the producers C . R
E comparisons, together with his proven side at the time of for help, but subsequent DNA testing on an M LL I O absence from California on five specific the Bates murder, envelope licked by Collins’ father formally K C . C R A I
E dates of known Zodiac activity, led both the later residing in San excluded him as a suspect. D LL O I Z
K FBI and the San Francisco Police Depart- Francisco from 1969 . C A I ment to dismiss Kaczynski as a viable sus- to 1989. His apar t- D WWW O
Z pect. ment stood within a This solved cipher was mailed July 31, 1969, to the San Francisco Chronicle by the Zodiac Killer. . WWW
4 2 MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E , I SS U E # 9 WWW. MY S T E R I E S M A G A Z I N E . C O M 4 3 Zodiac and told police, “That’s him!” Arthur Leigh Allen, shown weapons and plans to attack a school various Zodiac correspondence for DNA Today, some students of the case in this photo taken in 1972, bus (which was also threatened in testing. Their hope was that if the killer reject that identification, claiming the is the most widely known one of the Zodiac’s subsequent let- #* &+ ##% )(, licked a stamp or envelope flap, saliva Zodiac never strayed so far from San Zodiac suspect. ters to the press). traces would contain enough genetic Francisco. Others, however, insist that However, Cheney’s credibility suf- $&%* ) !% )** material to identify the killer. Kathleen Johns and her daughter repre- fers from the fact that he first revealed &)'!*# &( $)*!% Dr. Cydne Holt, supervisor of the San sent two more surviving victims of the the alleged conversation in 1971, Francisco Police Department’s DNA lab- Zodiac. nearly two years after the last known oratory, did recover DNA samples from Zodiac murder made headlines. Even !# %&