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United Nations Nations Unies UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES HUMANITARIAN SITUATION IN SOMALIA Monthly Analysis October 2005 This report was written in cooperation with the UN Agencies in Somalia OVERVIEW HIGHLIGHTS Sea piracy continues to be rife off the coast of Southern Somalia affecting commercial as well as humanitarian activities. A second Kenyan vessel carrying WFP food aid was hijacked on 12 October in the port of Merka and released two days later. The second food aid cargo to be hijacked in four months, WFP is looking to find alternative routes to bring food stocks into Somalia, including overland from Kenya and through Djibouti. The temporary halt of ocean transport is also impacting on the availability of fuel in south Somali, affecting flights and humanitarian access into Somalia. Alternate supply avenues are being explored. Meanwhile, activities by extremist groups in Somalia are becoming a growing concern and could well become an increasing challenge in terms of UN aid operations and access throughout the country. October started bleakly in terms of security with the brutal assassination of the UNDSS national security officer on 3 October in Kismayo. The assassination put an abrupt end to the just prior resumption of UN presence in the area and an opportunity for renewed access in the Lower Juba valley. Delayed and below normal 2005 Deyr rains in southern Somalia are causing increased concern. Patchy rainfall has been received in certain regions, however low rainfall in areas of Gedo, Middle and Lower Juba is causing a severe shortage of water affecting rangeland and livestock. Should the trend continue, and given the severe 2005 Gu crop losses, there will be major implications for food security in southern Somalia. FSAU is classifying most of southern Somalia to be at Moderate Risk of Humanitarian Emergency. During the 2006 CAP consultations, aid partners agreed that the humanitarian response in 2006 will focus in particular on the needs along the Juba Valley. These latest developments highlight the need for concerted efforts particularly in light of, and despite limited humanitarian access to the area. Having said this, the possibility of flooding is still a reality. Since the heavy 2005 Gu floods in June and July, river levels have remained high on both the Shabelle and Juba rivers and the soils along the embankment, saturated. Heavy rains in the Ethiopian catchments or within Somali could still cause floods to rapidly develop on both rivers, especially along the riverine areas where flood irrigation is being practiced due to the poor rains. Aid agencies have set out to strengthen the coordination network along the Juba Valley to enhance preparedness and response in the eventuality of flooding in the coming month. Thousands of Ethiopians migrants have arrived in Puntland only to become stranded. According to an inter-agency assessment in Bossaso, around 3,000 migrants are presently living in dire humanitarian conditions without proper hygiene facilities, water and food. Most have traveled in search of better economic opportunities or with plans to travel on to Yemen by boat. Some claimed they were fleeing Ethiopia for political reasons. Around 80% of those interviewed claimed they are willing to return home but lack the means to do so. Aid partners are in the process of providing immediate life-saving assistance through local organisations. Since the first case appeared in September 2005, the number of confirmed polio cases in Somalia has reached 42 - all of them in the Benadir area. Avid emergency campaigns continue by WHO, UNICEF and other local and international partners to target about 1.5 million children under five years old. Efforts will continue throughout November and December 2005 to obtain as much coverage as possible. The Somali Joint Needs Assessment (JNA) is about to start. The composition of the JNA team is being finalized and an Inception Retreat will take place in late November 2005 to launch the process. The JNA will build upon what is accomplished in the humanitarian sector and for this reason donors must continue to act concertedly to meet humanitarian needs so that they do not weaken reconstruction and development efforts. The 2005 Somalia CAP is presently roughly 46% covered. ACCESS and SECURITY Sea piracy continues to be rife off the coast of Southern Somalia affecting commercial as well as humanitarian activities. A second Kenyan vessel carrying WFP food aid destined for riverine communities in the Lower Juba was hijacked on 12 October in the port of Merka but thankfully released two days later. On 20 October, yet another commercial cargo ship was hijacked off the Somali coast as it sailed from South Africa to Europe. Three Taiwanese fishing vessels are still held hostage since June 2005 with 47 crew members of mixed nationalities on the island of Koyaama southwest of Kismayo. Another vessel with a Ukrainean crew is held off the port of Eyl. More than twenty boats have been hijacked off the Somali coast since March of this year and the trend does not appear to be decreasing. Prime Minister Gedi has made two appeals to the international community to help address this issue. Kenyan vessel owners are becoming very reluctant to use the southern Somali waters and are asking for armed escort to deliver WFP commodities or UN relief. The temporary halt of sea transport is also impacting on the availability of fuel in south Somali, directly affecting the humanitarian flights into the area. The southern Somali coastline is one of the most dangerous in the world and WFP’s operations in southern Somalia have felt the consequences. The Agency is thus exploring alternative transport routes, including overland from Kenya and via Djibouti, to reach those in desperate need of food assistance. On 27 October, an aviation edict placed a ban on all flights from Nairobi to Merka and Daynile airstrips in Somalia, however, confusion over its application has affected flights going to other destinations in Somalia. Given the security and humanitarian implications of such an air ban, and to secure unrestricted access for humanitarian assistance, the UN Humanitarian Coordinator for Somalia has requested the Kenyan Authorities for an exemption on the ban for all humanitarian flights into Somalia. In the wake of the parliamentary elections, the overall security situation in the northwest remained calm throughout the month with no reported security incidents following the arrest of seven men linked to terrorist organizations in September. Activities by extremist groups in Somalia are becoming a growing concern and could well become an increasing challenge in terms of UN operations and presence throughout the country. In Mogadishu, reports suggest that the Sharia Court militia continue to expand their areas of influence in the city. UN activities continue despite on-going individually targeted assassinations and increasing criminal acts. The security situation in central and southern areas remained tense and volatile, starting with the brutal assassination of the UNDSS national security officer on 3 October in Kismayo, which brought an abrupt end to the just prior resumption of UN presence in the area. The Juba Valley Alliance (JVA) was quick to join the international community in condemning the murder and established a committee to investigate the matter. All UN staff was immediately relocated and Kismayo is presently a no-go location until further notice. This incident marks a real set-back, not only in the tragedy of the loss of a life, but also in terms of opportunities for re-engagement in an area considered in a critical humanitarian emergency. In view of this emerging security challenge, UN agencies are looking into ways of minimizing the risk to staff and operations while at the same time continuing to meet the needs of affected populations. In Jowhar, the presence of a large number of militia who had arrived from Puntland via Ethiopia in September continues to create added tension. The threat by several of the TFG ministers currently based in Mogadishu to attack Jowhar has not disappeared. Still, subsequent to the temporary relocation of international staff from Jowhar in September, reduced numbers of UN staff members returned to their duty station in early October. Baidoa, on the other hand, remains closed to UN international staff, as the long-expected peace talks between Muhammad Ibrahim “Habsade” and Hassan Muhammad Nur “Shatigaduud” have yet to commence. While access to Bardera, Garbaharey and Dolow in Gedo region are open to UN operations, access to El Wak remains obstructed due to the stalemate in the peace agreement between the Gare and Marehan. Subsequent to the OCHA-led inter-agency mission to Mandera (Kenya) and El Wak, in late September, agencies were ready to mobilize a response to address identified needs. The response, however, was indefinitely postponed due to a series of security incidents. Two hand grenades were thrown into CARE’s compound in El Wak Kenya and a van carrying Gare and Marehan representatives exploded over a landmine killing five people. Despite these incidents, the peace agreement seems to be holding as Gare and Marehan TFG representatives have agreed to meet again in Mandera with a broader range of stakeholders to cement the peace agreement. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - Somalia 2 7th Floor, Kalson Towers, Crescent Street, off Parklands Road, P.O. Box 28832, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya Tel No: (254-20) 3754150-5; Fax No: (254-20) 3754150 In the northeast, while UN operations proceeded as normal, tension was on the increase due to inter and intra-clan fighting as well as politically motivated incidents. Some members of the community are attributing increased crime rates to the influx of economic and illegal migrants. A specific incident due to unpaid salary caused an ECHO aircraft to turn back at Garowe’s airstip as an airstrip guard threatened to shoot the aircraft.
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