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Allium (Česnek)

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Allium (Česnek) Allium (Česnek) čeleď: Alliaceae Vyskytuje se v mírném pásu severní polokoule. Kromě kuchyňského česneku v tomto rodě naleznete např. i cibuli, pažitku a pór, ale ne všechny druhy jsou jedlé. Může se jednat o dvouletky nebo trvalky. Dorůstá výšky 0,1 - 1,5m. Pod zemí vytváří cibuli. Listy při mnutí vydávají charakteristické aroma. Existuje vnitrodruhový taxon: - 'Purple Sensation' - výška 1m; květenstvím je kulovitý lichookolík o průměru 8cm, vlastní květy tmavě růžovofialové Vyhovuje jim plné slunce a sušší lehčí dobře propustná půda. Druhy s většími listy ale uvítají na jaře vlhko. Hnojení by mělo obsahovat síru, díky které vytváří své typické aroma. Množí se semeny, dceřinými cibulkami nebo pacibulkami. Allium aaseae oblasti: Idaho, Severní Amerika, Střední Severní Amerika, SZ USA, USA Allium abbasii Allium abdelkaderi Allium ablyanthum Existuje vnitrodruhový taxon: - var. striolatum Allium abramsii synonyma: A. fimbriatum var. abramsii oblasti: JZ USA, Kalifornie, Severní Amerika, Střední Severní Amerika, USA Allium achaium Allium acidoides Allium aciphyllum Allium acre Allium acuminatum synonyma: A. acuminatum var. cuspidatum, A. cuspidatum, A. elwesii, A. murrayanum, A. wallichianum oblasti: Arizona, Britská Kolumbie, Idaho, J USA, JZ USA, Kalifornie, Kanada, Kolorado, Montana, Nevada, Nové Mexiko, Oregon, S Severní Amerika, S USA, Severní Amerika, Střední Severní Amerika, Střední USA, SZ USA, USA, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, Z Kanada, Z USA Allium acutiflorum synonyma: A. multiflorum var. acutiflorum, A. rotundum oblasti: Evropa, Iberský poloostrov, Itálie, J Evropa, JZ Evropa, Katalánsko, SV Španělsko, Španělsko Allium adzharicum Allium aegaeum Allium aegilicum Allium aeginiense Allium aemulans Allium aestivale Allium aetenense oblasti: Sicílie, Střední středozemí, Středozemí Allium aethusanum Allium affine synonyma: A. artvinense, A. margaritaceum var. affine, A. margaritaceum var. scabrum, A. mishtshenkoanum, A. transcaucasicum oblasti: Asie, Írán, JZ Asie Allium afghanicum Allium aflatunense (Česnek aflatunský) oblasti: Asie, Irák, JZ Asie, Kyrgyzstán, Střední Asie Pochází ze střední Asie. Dorůstá výšky 0,75 - 0,9 (i 1,5)m. Cibule jsou vejčité, bílé a mají nevytrvalé šupiny. Vytváří 6 - 8 řemenovitých namodralých polovzpřímených listů odumírajících před rozkvětem. Kvete fialovorůžovými květy v kulovitém i více než 50tikvětém okoličnatém květenství o průměru 7 - 10 (i 12)cm a vlastní květy mají korunní lístky s tmavším středním proužkem. Existuje vnitrodruhový taxon: - 'Purple Sensation' - květy tmavěfialové Vyhovují mu dobře propustné půdy a plném slunci. Allium agrigentinum oblasti: Evropa, Itálie, J Evropa Allium aitchisoni Allium akaka oblasti: Asie, Írán, JZ Asie, Turecko, Z Asie Existují vnitrodruhové taxony: - subsp. akaka - subsp. haemanthoides - subsp. shelkovnikovii Allium alabasicum Allium aladaghense oblasti: Asie, Írán, JZ Asie Allium alaicum oblasti: Asie, Kyrgyzstán, Střední Asie Pochází z Kyrgyzstánu. Allium alamutense Allium alaschanicum Allium alataviense Allium albanum Allium alberti Allium albidum Allium albiflorum Allium albo-tunicatum Allium albopilosum Dorůstá výšky 50cm. Kvete růžovými květy. Allium albostellerianum Allium albotunicatum Allium albovianum synonyma: A. gracile, A. otschiauriae Allium alexandrae Allium alexeianum Allium alexejanum Allium alibile Allium allegheniense oblasti: Americké Panenské ostrovy, Karibik, Malé Antily, Panenské ostrovy, Severní Amerika, Severní Karolína, Střední Amerika, Střední Severní Amerika, USA, V USA, Virginie, Západní Virginie Allium alpicolum Allium alpinarii Allium altaicum synonyma: A. ceratophyllum, A. microbulbum, A. sapidissimum oblasti: Altaj, Asie, Kazachstán, Rusko, S Asie, S Rusko, Sibiř, Střední Asie Allium altissimum oblasti: Asie, Írán, JZ Asie Existuje vnitrodruhový taxon: - 'Goliath' Allium altoatlanticum Allium altyncolicum Allium amabile Allium amamianum Allium ambiguum Allium amblyanthum Existuje vnitrodruhový taxon: - var. antiquorum Allium amethystinum synonyma: A. rollii, A. segetum, A. sphaerocephalon subsp. rollii, A. stojanovii oblasti: Evropa, Itálie, J Evropa Allium ampeloprasoides Allium ampeloprasum (Perlovka) synonyma: A. adscendens, A. albescens, A. ampeloprasum f. holmense, A. ampeloprasum subsp. euampeloprasum, A. ampeloprasum subsp. halleri, A. ampeloprasum subsp. porrum, A. ampeloprasum subsp. thessalum, A. ampeloprasum var. babingtonii, A. ampeloprasum var. bertolonii, A. ampeloprasum var. bulbiferum, A. ampeloprasum var. bulgaricum, A. ampeloprasum var. caudatum, A. ampeloprasum var. gasparrinii, A. ampeloprasum var. gracile, A. ampeloprasum var. holmense, A. ampeloprasum var. porrum, A. ampeloprasum var. pylium, A. ampeloprasum var. wiedemannii, A. ascendens, A. babingtonii, A. bertolonii, A. byzantinum, A. duriaeanum, A. durieuanum, A. gasparrinii, A. halleri, A. holmense, A. kurrat, A. laetum, A. lineare, A. porraceum, A. porrum, A. porrum subsp. euampeloprasum, A. porrum var. ampeloprasum, A. porrum var. kurrat, A. pylium, A. scopulicola, A. scorodoprasum subsp. babingtonii, A. spectabile, A. syriacum, A. thessalum, Porrum amethystinum, Porrum ampeloprasum, Porrum commune, Porrum sativum oblasti: Afrika, Alabama, Albánie, Alžírsko, Andalusie, Arkansas, Arménie, Asie, Ázerbájdžán, Baleáry, Balkánský poloostrov, Bosna a Hercegovina, Bulharsko, Chorvatsko, Černá Hora, Egejské ostrovy, Egypt, Evropa, Francie, Georgia, Gruzie, Iberský poloostrov, Illinois, Írán, Irsko, Itálie, Izrael , J Evropa, J Španělsko, J USA, Jaderské moře, Jižní Karolína, Jordánsko, Jugoslávie, JV Evropa, JV USA, JZ Asie, JZ Evropa, JZ USA, Kalifornie, Katalánsko, Kentucky, Kosovo, Kréta, Kypr, Libanon, Libye, Louisiana, Makedonie, Malta, Maroko, Mississippi, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Portugalsko, Řecko, Rumunsko, S Afrika, Sardínie, Severní Amerika, Severní Karolína, Sicílie, Sinajský poloostrov, Slovinsko, Srbsko, Střední Severní Amerika, Střední středozemí, Střední USA, Středozemí, SV Afrika, SV Španělsko, SV USA, Sýrie, SZ Afrika, SZ Evropa, Španělsko, Tennessee , Texas, Tunisko, Turecko, USA, V Středozemí, V USA, Virginie, Z Asie, Z Evropa, Z Středozemí Dorůstá výšky (0,3 -) 0,4 - 1,3 (i 1,5)m. Listy jsou šedozelené, voskovité, široké, dlouhé do 45cm,. Květenství je kulovité, opatřené listovým toulcem zužujícím se v zoban, tvoří je až stovky drobný růžových květů. Plodem je tobolka délky 2,5 - 4 (i 5)mm. Lze jej použít jako zeleninu. Existují vnitrodruhové taxony: - subsp. ampeloprasum - var. babingtonii - Irsko - subsp. bimetrale - f. scaberrium - subsp. truncatum - subsp. pardoi - subsp. porrum - pochází ze středozemí - subsp. polyanthum - f. urceolatum Vyskytuje se na skalnatém pobřeží. Allium amphibolum Allium amphipulchellum Allium amplectens synonyma: A. acuminatum var. gracile, A. attenuatum, A. attenuifolium, A. attenuifolium var. monospermum, A. monospermum, A. occidentale, A. reticulatum, A. serratum oblasti: Britská Kolumbie, JZ USA, Kalifornie, Kanada, Oregon, S Severní Amerika, Severní Amerika , Střední Severní Amerika, SZ USA, USA, Washington, Z Kanada Allium anacoleum Allium anatolicum Allium anceps oblasti: Idaho, JZ USA, Kalifornie, Nevada, Oregon, Severní Amerika, Střední Severní Amerika, SZ USA, USA, Z USA Allium andicolum Allium angolense Allium angolensis Allium angulare Allium angulosum (Česnek hranatý) synonyma: A. acutangulum, A. acutangulum var. senescens, A. angulare, A. angulatum, A. angulosum, A. angulosum subsp. latifolium, A. angulosum var. danubiale, A. angulosum var. latifolium, A. calcareum, A. danubiale, A. flavescens var. stramineum, A. inodorum, A. laxum, A. lusitanicum, A. microcephalum, A. odorum, A. reticulatum, A. senescens, A. stramineum, A. triquetrum, A. uliginosum, Cepa angulosa, Maligia fastigiata, Xylorhiza angulosa oblasti: Asie, Čechy, Česká republika, Evropa, Itálie, J Evropa, J Morava, Morava, Německo, Polabí, Polsko, Rusko, S Asie, S Čechy, S Evropa, S Rusko, Sibiř, Střední Čechy, Střední Evropa, Střední Morava, Švýcarsko, V Čechy Roste od střední Evropy po Sibiř. Patří mezi trvalky. Dorůstá výšky 20 - 50 (i 60)cm. Pod zemí vytváří málo vyvinutou dlouze vejčitou cibuli s tlustým oddenkem. Stonek je v horní části hranatý. Listy vyrůstají pouze od paty stonku v počtu 4 - 6ks, jsou ploché, čárkovité, kýlnaté, žlábkovité, dlouhé 10 - 25cm, široké 1,5 - 6 a toulec je neopadavý, dlouhý 1cm s 2 - 5ti cípy. Kvete růžovými květy v 1/2kulatém lichookolíku bez cibulek a korunní lístky jsou dlouhé 4 - 6mm. Plodem je kulovitá tobolka obsahující černá semena. Patří mezi chráněné druhy C2. Vyhovují mu vlhčí pastviny, slatiny, okraje vodních ploch s půdou bohatou na živiny a dusík. Dobře snáší i období sucha. Allium angustum Existuje vnitrodruhový taxon: - subsp. argunense Allium anisopodium synonyma: A. anisopodium subsp. argunense, A. tchefouense, A. tenuissimum subsp. anisopodium, A. tenuissimum var. anisopodium Allium anisotepalum Allium anserinum Allium antalyense Allium antiatlanticum synonyma: A. paniculatum subsp. antiatlanticum, A. paniculatum var. rifanum Allium antoniani Allium antonii-bolosii synonyma: A. cupani var. antonii-bolosii, A. cupani var. minoricensis Allium anzalonei oblasti: Evropa, Itálie, J Evropa Allium aobanum Allium apolloniensis Allium apulum oblasti: Evropa, Itálie, J Evropa Allium archeotrichon Allium arenicola Allium argyi Allium aridum Allium aristatum Allium arkitense Allium arlgirdense Allium armenum Allium armerioides Allium aroides Allium arsuzense Allium artemisietorum Allium artvinense Allium asarense Allium ascalonicum (Šalotka) synonyma: A. carneum, A. fissile,
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