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Waste Production and Management Application Form for the European Green Capital Award 2019 7 Waste production and management 7A. Present Situation Indicator Type of Data Unit Year of data (City of Oslo) Percentage of household waste sent to landfill 3 % 2015 Percentage of household waste sent for 57 % 2015 thermal treatment or similar recovery Percentage of organic waste collected separately (percentage of potential) Food waste (kitchen waste) 29 % 2015 Garden waste 75 % 2015 Percentage of recycled household waste 38 % 2015 Included reuse 40 % Percentage of recycled packaging waste – 41 % 2015 glass, 57 % metals 57 % plastic packaging 18 % Cardboard and drink cartons are part of the 75 % 2015 paper waste collection. No separate statistics are available for these fractions, but overall results for the paper fraction is Packaging collected through deposit systems for beverage packaging** metal (aluminum) 95 % 2015 Plastic (PET ) 95 % 2015 Percentage of recovered packaging waste* 100 % 2015 Amount of Household Waste generated per 342 kg 2015 capita Amount of Municipal Waste generated per capita*** * All packaging waste in Oslo is either collected separately or as part of residual waste which is sent for incineration. No packaging waste is sent to landfill. The energy recovery rates for district heating produced from the two incineration plants in Oslo are 94,5 % and 93,1%. ** PET bottles and aluminum cans are collected through a separate deposit system in Norway, hence also in Oslo. In total – 7.000 tons aluminum and 20.200 tons PET was collected through this system in Norway. 108 million bottles and cans were collected in 2015, ca. 160 units per capita (7D19). *** According to Norwegian law, municipal responsibility for waste handling concerns household waste only (D26). Neither the City of Oslo, nor Statistic Norway has statistics for Municipal waste generated in Oslo. Statistic Norway delivers a report on the generation of Municipal waste on a national level to EUROSTAT, but this statistic is not broken down on city level. 1 Application Form for the European Green Capital Award 2019 Waste strategies and plans in place The current waste management plan was adopted by the City Council in 2006 (7D4). A new waste management strategy for 2016-2025 has been subject to public consultation and will be forwarded for political processing in spring 2017. See Table 7.1 for all plans. Table 7.1: Current waste policy frameworks, waste-related contents and status of implementation Document name Waste-specific content Status GENERIC Urban Ecology “Oslo must have a cycle based waste Continuous Programme 2011-2026 management system”. Includes waste adoption/reporting (UEP) (7D1) prevention, re-use and material recycling. Action Plan for the The annual political priorities, e.g. “partnership Continuous Environment and Climate with the industry on food waste reduction”. adoption/reporting 2013-2016 (APEC) (7D2) The 2015 Municipal Master Key priorities in all municipal sectors Fundamental regulation Plan, Oslo Towards 2030 - Smart, Resilient and Green (7D3) WASTE SPECIFIC Roadmap for initiatives/investments. Measures All implemented. Some Waste Management Plan that promotes advancement of the waste initiatives to be completed. 2006-2009 (WMP) (7D4) hierarchy Public consultation Waste Management Our vision is 100 % re-use and recycling (zero undertaken summer 2016. Strategy 2016-2025 (7D5) waste). Political Decision in City Council spring 2017 Municipal Waste Strategy Unofficial working document for the Agency for Continuous for Oslo 2011-2014 (WS) Waste Management Avfallsforskriften (7D27) National regulations relating to the recycling of National regulation waste, 2004 (D27) The Pollution Control Act Central Act of 13 March 1981. No.6 Concerning National regulation (7D26) protection against pollution and waste. Waste prevention measures Oslo works continuously to promote the waste hierarchy and waste prevention is embedded in the waste policies. In 2015, each person generated 342 kg household waste, decreasing from more than 400 kg per capita in 2005. Some specific waste prevention measures are: Cooperation to reduce food waste (figure 7.1) Awareness raising among school children (figure 7.1) Incentives to promote the use of cloth diapers (EUR 110 per child) (7D33) Communication campaigns and public seminars, e.g. during Reuse Week (7D13) and Oslo Week for Waste Reduction (7D14). Preparation of a strategy to reduce consumption (7D7). 2 Application Form for the European Green Capital Award 2019 Aiming to reduce food waste, the City has partnered with the Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise (NHO) achieving a national reduction of 12% since 2010 (7D8). New initiatives include cooperation with citizen organisations. A Food central in Oslo collects groceries from grocery stores and distributes food to disadvantaged groups. In 2015, 800 tons of food was distributed through 60 organisations, securing 1.6 million meals and climate gain of 1500 tons of CO2 equivalents (7D9). Figure 7.1: Left: “Skolestua” is a visitors and learning centre for all 4th graders in Oslo’s primary schools. Right: Food waste prevention campaign in collaboration with The Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise (NHO): “Take care of your food, its gold!” Reuse and repair Oslo has reuse facilities at all recycling stations. In 2015, approximately 900 tons of re-use items were collected by non-profit organisations (7D10). A reuse-community center has been established in the Alna District (figure 7.2), promoting reuse and repair. In June-September 2016 more than 2700 persons visited the center and more than 3100 kg of items were re-used (7D11). The recycling stations provide work training and two of them have facilities for teaching and seminars. In the City there are over 350 curbside return points for collecting clothes which are donated to two non-profit organisations. Over 3700 tons of textiles were collected in 2015 (7D11). In 2016, the Textile Campaign was organized to promote reuse and repair of clothes (7D12). The City also supports flea markets by free delivery of leftovers and collaborates with a non-profit organisation to reuse office furniture from public offices. The city started a collaboration for reuse of EE waste (household appliances) in 2015 (7D10). 3 Application Form for the European Green Capital Award 2019 Figure 7.2: Above: The City promotes reuse to youngsters during Øya music festival. Below: Reuse gathering at the community center Lindeberglokalet. 4 Application Form for the European Green Capital Award 2019 Waste collection system in Oslo Oslo has a cycle-based waste management system. Household waste is separated at source and collected according to waste type, with the aim of acquiring clean waste streams for recycling. Food waste and plastic packaging is source separated by the citizens in green and blue plastic bags. The sorting facilities optically recognize the colors and the green and blue bags are separated from residual waste. The collection system covers all citizens. Figure 7.3 shows the overall picture for different collection systems for household waste, and figure 7.4 gives a detailed overview of the collection and recycling/recovery systems. Figure 7.3: Percentage of waste collected via multiple systems. Source: Agency for Waste Management. Treatment of the separately collected wastes Plastic, glass and metals packaging, as well as Electrical waste (WEEE), are recycled through Extender Producer Responsibility (EPR) systems. Waste fractions like metals, paper, hazardous waste etc. are recycled or recovered through contracts with industrial partners. Organic waste collected separately In 2015, the collection rate for food waste was 29% or 25 kg food waste per person (7D11). Oslo’s target is to collect 50 kg/year/cap food waste in 2018 (7D6). 15.300 tons (27 kg/year/cap) of garden waste was collected through recycling stations (7D11). Food waste is treated at the City-owned biogas plant with a capacity of 50.000 tons of food waste (7D15, 7D29). Food waste is turned into biogas for buses and waste trucks in Oslo. All waste trucks and 12,5% of the buses in Oslo use biogas (7D23). Liquid fertilizer from the biogas production is used by local farmers. Garden waste is composted and sold to citizens as garden soil (7D32). No biodegradable waste is sent to landfill (prohibited in Norway since 2009 (7D27)). 5 Application Form for the European Green Capital Award 2019 Figure 7.4: Collection/recycling/recovery system, including door side collection; recycling stations; return points for hazardous waste (40), textiles (350), and glass and metal (900); and collection of specific fractions. 6 Application Form for the European Green Capital Award 2019 Efficient energy recovery Oslo’s two waste-to-energy incineration plants generated 905 GWh of district heating energy and 140 GWh of electricity in 2015 (7D15). The energy recovery rates for district heating produced from the two incineration plants are 94,5% (Klemetsrud) and 93,1% (Haraldrud). The district heating produced at these two plants cover 160.000 of citizens or 20% of all heating demand in Oslo (7D15, 7D16). “Polluter pays” principle and “pay as you throw” (PAYT) initiatives Waste handling is fully financed by citizens as a non-profit service. PAYT is applied as household charges and depend fully on bin size, beginning at EUR 443/year for 140 liter-bins with weekly collection. Paper door side collection and use of delivery facilities for separated waste is free. Recycling in municipal agencies Municipal agencies are responsible for their own waste generation and handling. 85% of municipal agencies have recycling facilities (indicator 12). 7 Application Form for the European Green Capital Award 2019 7B Past performance Waste generation per capita has decreased in recent years, from a little over 400 kg per capita in 2005 to 342 kg in 2015 (figure 7.5). Awareness-raising, increased source separation and better recycling and reuse facilities can be part of the explanation for this change. Figure 7.5: Household waste generation per capita for 12 common fractions. The bold numbers highlight the reduced amounts of residual waste.
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