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Der Gott Sopdu Der Herr Der Fremdländer Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 1988 Der Gott Sopdu der Herr der Fremdländer Schumacher, Inke W. Abstract: In der Literatur zur Religionsgeschichte des Alten Ägypten finden sich vielfach Hinweise auf die vermeintlich fremdländische Herkunft des Gottes Sodu, da er auf Denkmälern der ältesten Zeit ganz im Habitus eines Asiaten dargestellt ist. Die Untersuchung versucht den Beweis dafür zu führen, dass der Gott Sopdu entgegen der Lehrmeinung früherer Zeit rein ägyptischen Ursprungs und seine Kultheimat im memphitischen Raum anzusiedeln ist. Die Belegliste für den Gott reicht von der Frühzeit bis in die griechisch-römische Zeit hinauf und legt in ihrer chronologischen Abfolge beredtes Zeugnis dafür ab, wie sich der Kult des Sopdu vom I. unterägyptischen Gau im Verlauf der altägyptischen Geschichte in das Ostdelta verlagert hat. Dort wird er in der Spätzeit als Hauptgottheit des XX. unterägyptischen Gaues (scil. Sopdu-Gau) verehrt. Darüber hinaus umfasst die Arbeit eine Abhandlung über den XX. unterägyptischen Gau und seine Topographie sowie eine Neuübersetzung der Inschriften des Naos des Nektanebis (Kairo CG 70021) aus der XXX. Dynastie. Zusammengesetzt wie die Teile eines Puzzle- Spiels vermitteln die überkommenen Zeugnisse ein umfassendes Bild des Gottes Sopdu und spiegeln seine vielseitigen Aspekte wider, die ihm durch alle Epochen der altägyptischen Geschichte hinweg seinen festen Platz innerhalb des ägyptischen Pantheons sicherten. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-149805 Monograph Published Version Originally published at: Schumacher, Inke W. (1988). Der Gott Sopdu der Herr der Fremdländer. Freiburg, Switzerland / Göttingen, Germany: Universitätsverlag / Vandenhoeck Ruprecht. SCHUMACHER · DER GOTT SOPDU ORBIS BIBLICUS ET ORIENTALIS Im Auftrag des Biblischen Instituts der Universität Freiburg Schweiz des Seminars für biblische Zeitgeschichte der Universität Münster i. W. und der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für orientalische Altertumswissenschaft herausgegeben von Othmar Keel unter Mitarbeit von Erich Zenger und Albert de Pury Zur Autorin: Inke Wera Schumacher, am 3.9.1959 in Borgholzhausen (Teutob. Wald) geboren, studierte von 1978 bis 1986 an der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster und promovierte dort im Jahre 1986 mit den Fächern Ägyptologie, Koptologie und Islamwissenschaften. Die Dissertation wurde von Herrn Prof. Dr. Jürgen von Beckerath betreut. ORBIS BIBLICUS ET ORIENTALIS 79 INKE W. SCHUMACHER DER GOTT SOPDU DER HERR DER FREMD LÄNDER UNIVERSITÄTSVERLAG FREIBURG SCHWEIZ VANDENHOECK & RUPRECHT GÖTTINGEN 1988 CIP-Titelaufnahme der Deutschen Bibliothek Schumacher, Inke: Der Gott Sopdu, der Herr der Fremdländer/ Inke Schumacher. - Freiburg, Schweiz: Univ.­ Verl. ; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck u. Ruprecht, 1988 (Orbis biblicus et orientalis; 79) ISBN 3-7278-0566-8 (Univ.-Verl.) Gb. ISBN 3-525-53708-5 (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht) Gb. NE:GT D6 Die Druckvorlagen der Textseiten wurden von der Autorin ab Datenträger als reprofertige Vorlage zur Verfügung gestellt. © 1988 by Universitätsverlag Freiburg Schweiz Paulusdruckerei Freiburg Schweiz ISBN 3-7278-0566-8 (Universitätsverlag) ISBN 3-525-53708-5 (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht) Digitalisat erstellt durch Florian Lippke, Departement für Biblische Studien, Universität Freiburg Schweiz Meinen Eltern und meiner Großmutter in Dankbarkeit - V - VORWORT Mein Interesse für das Ichneumon, in dessen Gestalt der Gott Atum spätzeitlichen Denkmälern zufolge im XX. unterägyptischen Gau verehrt wurde, richtete mein Augenmerk auf den Gott Sopdu, der als Lokalgott­ heit dieses Gaues galt. Für die Entstehung der Untersuchung über den Gott Sopdu gilt mein aufrichtiger Dank in erster Linie meinem hochverehrten Lehrer, Herrn Professor Dr. Jürgen von Beckerath, der durch mannigfache Anregun­ gen und seine stetige Diskussionsbereitschaft bei allen anstehenden Problemen die Arbeit begleitet und gefördert hat. Mein Dank richtet sich des weiteren an Herrn Profes­ sor Dr.Dr. Martin Krause, der den Fortgang der Arbeit mit regem Interesse verfolgte und mich mit wertvollen Ratschlägen und Hinweisen unterstützte. Ferner danke ich Herrn Dr. Herbert Oster (t), der mir während der Arbeit an meiner Dissertation bei anstehenden Problemen mit Rat und Tat zur Seite stand. Mein tiefster Dank gilt Herrn Professor Dr. Raphael Giveon (t). Durch sein besonderes Interesse an dem Gott Sopdu infolge seiner jahrzehntelangen Tätigkeit auf der Sinai-Halbinsel verfolgte er den Fortgang meiner Arbeit mit Aufmerksamkeit und großer Anteil­ nahme. Seine verständnisvolle Hilfe und seine Freund­ schaft, die er mir entgegenbrachte, werden mir immer in lieber Erinnerung bleiben. - VI - Dem Land Nordrhein-Westfalen bin ich zu Dank ver­ pflichtet für die Gewährung eines Graduiertenförde• rungsstipendiums, das mir ein von finanziellen Be­ lastungen ungestörtes Studium ermöglichte. Nicht zuletzt gilt mein Dank all denen, die durch ihre Hilfe sowie durch ihre zahlreichen Anregungen und Informationen an dem Zustandekommen der Unter­ suchung beteiligt waren, so Frau Dr. Rosemarie Drenk­ hahn, Herrn Professor Dr. Erhart Graefe, Frau Dr. Bettina Schmitz, Herrn Professor Dr. Jürgen Osing sowie der Staatlichen Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst, München. Münster, im Oktober 1986 Inke Schumacher - VII - INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Seite Vorwort V Inhaltsverzeichnis VII Abkürzungs- und Literaturverzeichnis IX Einleitung 1 I. Der Name des Gottes Sopdu I.1. Schreibung 4 I. 2. Lesung 7 I.3. Deutung 8 II. Darstellungen und Attribute des Gottes II. 1. Darstellungen 14 II. 2. Attribute 17 III. Semitische Interpretationen 22 IV. Die Frühzeit bis zur III. Dynastie 29 V. Sopdu im Alten Reich V. 1. Pyramidentexte 40 V. 2. Denkmäler 53 V. 3. Stiftungsgüter 61 VI. Sopdu im Mittleren und Neuen Reich VI.1. Mittleres Reich 68 VI.2. Neues Reich 80 VII. El-LahOn 112 VIII. Sopdu auf der Sinai-Halbinsel VIII.1. Geschichte 124 VIII.2. Denkmäler 125 VIII.3. Der Tempel von Serabrt el-Chadim 132 IX. Die Zeugnisse der Spätzeit bis in die Römerzeit 140 X. Die Naoi von Saft el-Henna X. 1. Kairo CG 70021 160 X.2. Ismailia 2248 179 X. 3. Louvre D37 185 XI. Sopdu in der Opferformel 194 XII. Sopdu in Personennamen 206 - VIII - XIII. Sopdu in Titeln 219 XIV. Sopdus Beziehungen zu anderen Göttern XIV.1. Anti 237 XIV.2. Anubis 238 XI V. 3. Bastet 240 XIV.4. Bes 241 XI V. 5. Chensit 243 XIV.6. Horus 245 XI V. 7. Miysis 247 XIV.8. Nefertem 248 XI V. 9. Schesemtet 250 XI V. 1 0. Schu 251 XIV.11. Widder von Mendes 253 XV. Kultorte des Sopdu XV. 1. Hauptkultorte XV.1.1. Jpwt 257 XV.1.2. El-LahGn 259 XV.1.3. J3ty-Spdw/J3ty 259 XV.1.4. Prt 262 XV.1.5. Pr-Spdw 263 XV. 2. Gastkultorte XV.2.1. Dendera 266 XV.2.2. Edfu 266 XV. 2. 3. Hi bis 267 XV.2.4. Zm3-Bhdt 267 XV.2.5. Jnw(?) 268 XV.2.6. Mendes 271 XVI. Das Gebiet des XX.unterägyptischen Gaues XVI.1. Gau und Metropole 276 XVI.2. Topographie des XX. unterägyptischen 295 Gaues XVII. übersieht über die Epitheta des Gottes 311 Sopdu XVIII. Zusammenfassung 323 Verzeichnis der Tafeln 337 Index - IX - ABKÜRZUNGS- UND LITERATURVERZEICHNIS ÄA Ägyptologische Abhandlungen, Wiesbaden 1960 ff. ADAW Abhandlungen der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil.-hist.Kl., Berlin 1851 ff. AE Ancient Egypt, London-New York 1914-35 ÄF Ägyptologische Forschungen, Glückstadt• Hamburg-New York 1936 ff. AH Aegyptiaca Helvetica, Basel-Genf 1974 ff. AnAe Analecta Aegyptiaca, Kopenhagen 1940-59 AnOr Analecta Orientalia, Rom 1933 ff. APAW Abhandlungen der (Kgl.) Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil.­ hist.Kl., Berlin 1897 ff. ASAE Annales du Service des Antiquites de l' Egypte, Kairo 1900 ff. AV Archäologische Veröffentlichungen, Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Abt.Kairo, Berlin-Mainz 1970 ff. BAe Bibliotheca Aegiptiaca,Brüssel 1932 ff. BdE Bibliotheque d'Etude, Institut Fran~ais d'Archeologie Orientale, Kairo 1908 ff. BE Bibliotheque Egyptologique, Paris 1907-16 BIE Bulletin de !'Institut d'Egypte, Kairo 1883 ff. BIFAO Bulletin de !'Institut Fran~ais d' Archeologie Orientale au Caire, Kairo 1901 ff. BiOr Bibliotheca Orientalil, Leiden 1944 ff. Borchardt, c Ludwig Borchardt,cDas Grabdenkmal des Ne-user-re Königs Ne-user-re , Leipzig 1907 Borchardt, c Ludwig Borchardtt Das Grabdenkmal des S'a3hu-re Königs S'a3hu-re , 2 Bde, Leipzig 1910 u. 1913 . Brugsch, DG Heinrich Brugsch, Dictionnaire Geogra­ phique de l'Ancienne Egypt, Leipzig 1879 Brugsch, Thes. Heinrich Brugsch, Thesaurus Inscriptio­ num Aegyptiacarum, 6 Bde, Leipzig 1883-91 BS Bollingen Series, New York BTAVO Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des vorde­ ren Orients, Reihe B (Geisteswissen­ schaften), Wiesbaden 1972 ff. - X - CASAE Cahier. Supplements aux ASAE, Kairo 1946 ff. CdE Chronique d'Egypte, Brüssel 1925 ff. CG Catalogue General des Antiquites Egyptiennes du Musee du Caire, Kairo Champollion, Champollion-le-Jeune, Monuments de Mon. l'Egypte et de la Nubie, Planches, 4 Bde, Paris 1835-45 Champollion, Monuments de l'Egypte et de la Nubie, Not.Descr. Notices Descriptives Conformes aux Manuscrits Autographes Rediges sur les Lieux par Champollion le Jeune, Paris 1844 CT Adriaan de Buck, The Egyptian Coffin Texts, 7 Bde, Chicago 1935-61 Daumas, Fran~ois Daumas, Les Mammisis de Mammisis Dendara, Kairo 1959 DAWW Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, phil.-hist. Kl., Wien 1910 ff. Dendara Emile thassinat/Fran9ois Daumas, Le Temple de Dendara, 8 Bde, Kgiro 1934-78 Description Commission des Monuments d'Egypte, Description
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