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Volu Men N Nº 12 Diciem Mbre 2 2010 TToollll NNeeggrree Revista de actualidad científica Volumen nº 12 diciembre 2010 APNAL‐Ecologistas en Acción. Vinaròs Toll Negre Revista de actualidad científica Edita Asociación Protectora de la Naturaleza Levantina (A.P.NA.L.)-Ecologistas en Acción. Apartado 237. 12500 Vinaròs (Castellón). C.e.: [email protected] Comité editor: Juan Manuel Aparicio Rojo Enrique Luque López José Miguel Mercé Zamora Comité asesor: Rafael Balada i Llasat José Bort Cubero Carlos Fabregat Llueca Silvia López Udias Gonzalo Mateo Sanz Patricia Pérez Rovira Ferran Royo Pla Maquetación: Juan Manuel Aparicio Rojo Enrique Luque López José Miguel Mercé Zamora Portada: Culebra bastarda (Malpolon monspessulanus). Fotografía de José Bort Cubero. Depósito Legal: CS-235-2003 ISSN: 1696-4667 Imprime: (A.P.NA.L.)- Ecologistas en Acción. Vinaròs Consulta de la versión electrónica en: www.internatura.org/grupos/apnal.html Para contactar con el Comité Editor: [email protected] Vinaròs, diciembre de 2010. Toll Negre Vol. 12. Vinaròs, XII – 2010 ÌNDICE EDITORIAL………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……4 URIBE-ECHEBARRÍA, P.M. El carácter invasor del fresno de flor (Fraxinus ornus L.) en el norte de la Península Ibérica (Álava y norte de Burgos)………………………………………………………………………………………...8 APARICIO, J.M., E. LUQUE, A. MARTÍNEZ SERRANO & F. REDÓ Algunas plantas de interés encontradas en los terrenos de la partida de les Soterranyes (Vinaròs, Castellón) afectados por un proyecto de polígono industrial …………………………………………………………………………………...............................................................16 LÁZARO, J.A. Más gramíneas de interés corológico en la provincia de Valladolid (España)……………...…………24 PERIS, J.B., R. ROSELLÓ & E. SANCHIS Listado de táxones destacados de la Comunidad Valenciana en relación con el piso bioclimático, ombroclima y sector corológico……………………………………………………………….35 FERRER, P.P. & E. LAGUNA Sobre las variedades enanas de Pinus halepensis Mill. y P. pinea L. (Pinaceae)……43 PITARCH, R., J.B. PERIS & E. SANCHIS Relaciones suelo/vegetación de las sierras orientales del Sistema Ibérico (Teruel) …….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………....63 APARICIO, J.M. Aportaciones a la flora de la provincia de Castellón, XIV………………………………………….67 SANCHIS, M., M. AGUERAS, F. LÓPEZ MORENO & A. PAZ Aportaciones a la flora del norte de la provincia de Castellón …...…………………………………………………………………………………...……………………74 HINOJOSA, C. & M. VILLARRASA Noves aportacions a la flora de la serra de Montsià (comarca del Montsià. NE península Ibérica) …..…………………………………………………………………………………………………...86 NOTICIAS Novedades legislativas…………………………………………………………………………………………………..92 EDITORIAL En nuestra editorial de diciembre de 2007 quisimos plantear una reflexión sobre la enorme cantidad de legislación ambiental existente y el vertiginoso proceso de actualización a que se ve sometida. A modo de ejemplo, puede consultarse la selección de novedades legislativas que venimos incluyendo en cada número de Toll Negre desde hace algunos años. En aquel momento también criticamos que fuera la propia Administración quien incumpliera la legislación en tantas ocasiones, causando muchas veces perjuicios mayores que los provocados por particulares. Pues bien, durante el verano de 2009 se realizaron unas construcciones dentro del Área de Protección Paisajística del Parque Natural de la Sierra de Irta: una torre-antena metálica de 30 metros de altura y un muro de hormigón, así como una edificación también de hormigón. Además se amplió una pista forestal de acceso a la parcela donde se realizaron las construcciones. Todas estas obras se realizaron sin licencia e infringiendo las normas del PORN, el PRUG, la Ley 10/2004 de Suelo No Urbanizable de la Comunidad Valenciana, la Ley 42/2007 del Patrimonio Natural y la Biodiversidad, la Ley 4/2004 de Ordenación del Territorio y del Paisaje de la Comunidad Valenciana, el Decreto 120/2006 del Reglamento del Paisaje de la Comunidad Valenciana, la Ley Forestal de la Comunidad Valenciana, el Real Decreto 2/2008 de la Ley del Suelo, la Ley 43/2003 de Montes, el PGOU de Peñíscola, así como la normativa estatal y autonómica de impacto ambiental. Por todo ello, APNAL presentó en diciembre de 2009 una denuncia por varios delitos contra la ordenación del territorio y el medio ambiente. Estas construcciones ilegales las hizo el verano de 2009 una Administración Pública (el Ministerio del Interior), las informó favorablemente una Administración Pública (la Conselleria de Medio Ambiente), y otra Administración Pública (el Ayuntamiento de Peñíscola) decretó su demolición en septiembre de 2009. Sin embargo en diciembre de 2010 las construcciones siguen en pie, y no parece que otra Administración (la de Justicia) esté haciendo nada al respecto. ¿Para qué sirven pues, las leyes, si no es para cumplirlas? Y si esto puede ocurrir en un Parque Natural (que además es ZEPA y LIC), ¿qué no podría suceder en terrenos que no tengan esta protección legal? Últimamente hemos visto que una Declaración de Impacto Ambiental (DIA) aprobada en 2000 permite en 2010 una transformación agrícola de unos terrenos forestales que constituyen un hábitat prioritario -Pla del Bustal en Traiguera-, con especies de flora y fauna protegidas. Como es fácil de suponer, la legislación ha cambiado desde al año 2000 (ahora existen catálogos valencianos de flora y fauna protegidas), pero la Generalitat Valenciana no ha legislado sobre la fecha de caducidad de las DIA, así que podríamos ver que este caso se repite en el futuro en otros lugares. Parece una paradoja, pero la avalancha de nueva legislación no ha incluido hasta ahora algo que parece tan evidente como ese plazo de caducidad de las DIA. ¿Para qué sirven pues, las leyes, si se contradicen de manera que no se puede cumplir el objetivo para el que fueron creadas? Y si esto ocurre en terrenos catalogados legalmente como forestales, ¿qué no podría suceder en terrenos que no tengan esta protección legal? Aunque a este respecto pocas cosas deberían sorprendernos ya a estas alturas, sí que últimamente nos hemos quedado maravillados con la capacidad de síntesis mostrada por el equipo redactor (IBAM Arquitectura S.L.) del Plan Especial de reserva de Suelo de Patrimonio Municipal con destino a Polígono Industrial Público, situado en la partida Soterranyes, polígono 43 de Vinaròs, cuyo promotor claro está, es el propio ayuntamiento de la localidad. Con una frase lapidaria se justifica la idoneidad del lugar propuesto, ya que según este equipo “No existen valores paisajísticos, medio ambientales o culturales que proteger”. Y listo, entre 250- 300 hectáreas vistas para sentencia. Recordemos que una vez aprobado este Plan, cosa que desgraciadamente ya ha ocurrido, el ayuntamiento queda legitimado para expropiar, a sus legítimos 4 propietarios, los terrenos afectados. Como por un pequeño lapsus calami el ayuntamiento y compañía no han reflejado en el informe del Plan, que la partida Soterranyes es uno de los lugares con mayor concentración de casetas y otras construcciones de piedra en seco de la Comunitat Valenciana, ni han observado árboles de interés local, u orquídeas protegidas… ni se acordaban que existen barrancos o que debían contestar a las alegaciones entre otros someros olvidos, hemos tenido que recordárselo. Podéis consultar la totalidad de los estudios que hemos realizado en (http://www.internatura.org/grupos/apnal.html). El Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, y Medio Rural y Marino ha editado en el año 2009 la obra titulada Bases ecológicas preliminares para la conservación de los tipos de hábitat de interés comunitario en España. En ella aparecen una serie de fichas sobre determinados hábitats, entre los cuales aparecen los Matorrales arborescentes de Juniperus spp. (Código 5210). Extractamos este trabajo, copiando literalmente algunas frases del mismo: “No se presentan problemas de interpretación de los matorrales arborescentes de Juniperus spp. ya que la presencia de matorrales dominados por alguna de las especies de Juniperus que los definen es suficiente para identificar inequívocamente el tipo de hábitat 5210, siendo el único requisito que sean matorrales arborescentes y que no alcancen el apelativo de bosque, particularmente que no sean bosques endémicos de Juniperus spp., ya que en ese caso nos encontraríamos ante el tipo de hábitat 9560* (un criterio orientativo puede ser que la media de altura de los individuos de la población no supere los 2-3 m)”. Seguidamente observamos la ficha correspondiente al hábitat prioritario denominado Bosques endémicos de Juniperus spp (Código 9560*). Reproducimos también algunas frases de este trabajo: “No se presentan problemas de interpretación de los bosques endémicos de Juniperus spp. ya que la presencia de alguna de las especies de Juniperus que los definen es suficiente para identificar el tipo de hábitat. Orientativamente se puede considerar que nos encontramos ante un bosque de 9560* si encontramos más de 100 pies por ha. No obstante se recomienda consultar el tipo de hábitat 5210 Matorrales arborescentes de Juniperus dentro del cual pueden hallarse formaciones arbustivas en las que puede estar presente J. thurifera. La diferenciación básica entre ambos es la talla de sus individuos que formarán o bien matorrales o bien arbustos. No hay un criterio objetivo para distinguir entre ambos, así que la distinción entre un matorral de J. thurifera en transición hacia un bosque de J. thurifera es difícil. No obstante la distinción no es crucial dado que ambos tipos de hábitat poseen una estructura y función similar únicamente distinguible
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