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Highway Design Manual Chapter 24.3 Commuter Transfer Facilities

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HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL Chapter 24 - Mobility Measures Revision 32 May 4, 1998 Chapter 24 MOBILITY MEASURES Contents Page 24.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................. 24-1 24.1.1 Background ................................................ 24-1 24.1.2 HOV Lanes ................................................ 24-2 24.1.3 Commuter Transfer Facilities .................................. 24-2 24.1.4 Additional Treatments ........................................ 24-2 24.2 HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE LANES ON FREEWAYS ................... 24-4 24.2.1 HOV Types ............................................... 24-6 24.2.2 HOV Operation ............................................ 24-18 24.2.3 Design Criteria ............................................ 24-24 24.2.4 Barrier-Separated Reversible-Flow Lanes ....................... 24-28 24.2.5 Barrier-Separated Two-Way Flow Lanes ........................ 24-34 24.2.6 Two-Way Busway Lanes .................................... 24-40 24.2.7 Buffer-Separated Two-Way Concurrent Flow Lanes ............... 24-44 24.2.8 Nonseparated Two-Way Contiguous Flow Lanes ................. 24-51 24.2.9 Contraflow Lanes .......................................... 24-53 24.2.10 Signing and Pavement Markings .............................. 24-57 24.2.11 Provisions for Incident Handling and Maintenance ................ 24-64 24.2.12 Highway Drainage .......................................... 24-65 24.2.13 Lighting .................................................. 24-67 24.2.14 Lane Conversions .......................................... 24-67 24.3 COMMUTER TRANSFER FACILITIES ................................ 24-68 24.3.1 Park-and-Ride Lots ......................................... 24-70 24.3.2 Park-and-Pool Lots ......................................... 24-90 24.3.3 On-Line Transfer Stations .................................... 24-91 24.3.4 Off-Line Transfer Stations .................................... 24-97 24.3.5 Curb-Side Bus Stops ....................................... 24-98 24.3.6 Bus Turnouts ............................................. 24-105 24.3.7 Bus Turnarounds ......................................... 24-111 24.4 HIGH-OCCUPANCY VEHICLE LANES ON ARTERIALS ................. 24-113 24.4.1 Design Considerations ..................................... 24-113 24.4.2 Design Treatments ........................................ 24-115 24.4.3 Signing and Pavement Markings ............................. 24-126 24.4.4 Enforcement ............................................. 24-129 24.4.5 Access to Abutting Properties ................................ 24-132 24.4.6 Provisions for Bicycles ..................................... 24-132 5/4/98 Chapter 24 MOBILITY MEASURES 24.5 OTHER TREATMENTS ........................................... 24-134 24.5.1 Freeway Entrance Ramp Control ............................. 24-134 24.5.2 Freeway-to-Freeway Connector Metering ...................... 24-147 24.5.3 Queue Bypasses ......................................... 24-149 24.5.4 Freeway Shoulders as Peak Hour Travel Lanes ................. 24-151 24.5.5 Access Management ...................................... 24-158 24.5.6 Incident Management ...................................... 24-159 24.5.7 Traffic Calming ........................................... 24-160 24.5.8 Special Traffic Controls ..................................... 24-161 24.5.9 Traveler Information Systems ................................ 24-163 24.6 INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (ITS) ................... 24-165 24.7 REFERENCES .................................................. 24-166 24.8 OTHER SOURCES ............................................... 24-173 24.9 ACRONYMS .................................................... 24-176 24.10 GLOSSARY OF TERMS .......................................... 24-177 5/4/98 Chapter 24 MOBILITY MEASURES List of Figures Section 24.2 24-1 Typical Cross Section Elements for Freeway HOV Lanes 24-2 Terminating HOV Lane Operation at At-Grade Slip Ramps 24-3 Cross Section Dimensions for Barrier-Separated Reversible-Flow HOV Lanes 24-4 At-Grade Slip Ramps for Barrier-Separated Reversible-Flow HOV Lanes 24-5 Flyover Ramps for Barrier-Separated Reversible-Flow HOV Lanes 24-6 Drop Ramp for Barrier-Separated Reversible-Flow HOV Lanes 24-7 Cross Section Dimensions for Barrier-Separated Two-Way Flow HOV Lanes 24-8 At-Grade Slip Ramps for Barrier-Separated Two-Way Flow HOV Lanes 24-9 Flyover Ramps for Barrier-Separated Two-Way Flow HOV Lanes 24-10 Two-Way Drop Ramp for Two-Way Barrier-Separated HOV Lanes 24-11 Cross Section Dimensions for Two-Way Busway in Freeway Right of Way 24-12 At-Grade Busway Ramp and Cross Street Intersection 24-13 Cross Section Dimensions for Concurrent Flow HOV Lanes 24-14 Ingress/Egress Areas for Concurrent Flow HOV Lanes 24-15 Median Enforcement Areas for Medians 6.0 m to 9.0 m Wide 24-16 Median Enforcement Areas for Medians Less Than 6.0 m Wide 24-17 Cross Section Dimensions for Two-Way Contiguous Flow HOV Lanes 24-18 Cross Section Dimensions for Contraflow HOV Lanes 24-19 Typical Terminal Treatments for Contraflow Lanes 24-20 HOV Lane Pavement Markings 24-21 Alternative Drainage Treatments for Barrier-Separated Two-Way HOV Lanes Section 24.3 24-22 Recommended Minimum Dimensions for 2.7 m Wide Parking Stalls 24-23 On-Line Center Platform Transfer Station 24-24 On-Line Side Platform Transfer Station 24-25 Parallel Bus Bay Layout Dimensions 24-26 Shallow Sawtooth Bus Bay Layout Dimensions 24-27 Curb-Side Bus Stop Dimensions 24-28 Bus Turnout Dimensions 24-29 Bus Turnaround Dimensions Section 24.4 24-30 Arterial Street HOV Lane Combinations 24-31 Intersection Lines for Concurrent Flow Arterial HOV Lanes 24-32 Bicycle Lanes at Bus Stops and Bus Turnouts Section 24.5 24-33 Layout of Pretimed Entrance Ramp Metering System 24-34 Layout of Traffic-Responsive Entrance Ramp Metering System 24-35 Guideline Ramp Meter Storage Length 24-36 Shoulder Use and Narrow Lane Applications 5/4/98 Chapter 24 MOBILITY MEASURES List of Tables Section 24.2 24-1 Typical Freeway HOV Lane Alternatives 24-2 Summary of Freeway HOV Facility Cross Section Widths 24-3 Roles for Various Ingress/Egress Concepts 24-4 Comparison of User/Eligibility Tradeoffs 24-5 Recommended Design Vehicle Envelope Section 24.3 24-6 Berth Length for Bus Pull-In 24-7 Road Width for Bus Pull-Out 24-8 Bus Stop Spacing 24-9 Comparison of Bus Stop Locations 24-10 Comparison of Bus Turnout Locations Section 24.4 24-11 Design Considerations for Arterial HOV Lanes Section 24.5 24-12 Metering Rates for Demand-Capacity Metering 24-13 Local Actuated Metering Rates as a Function of Mainline Occupancy 24-14 Primary Advantages/ Disadvantages of Shoulder Use Alternatives on Freeways 5/4/98 MOBILITY MEASURES 24-1 24.1 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this chapter is to provide design guidelines for improved Transportation Systems Management through the use of high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) facilities, including HOV lanes on freeways and arterials, commuter transfer facilities, and other mobility measures. These measures focus on moving people and goods efficiently, not just vehicles. Further information on planning, design and operation of these facilities may be found in the publications listed in Section 24.7 References and Section 24.8 Other Sources at the end of the chapter. Guidance on temporary mobility measures during construction is being developed for release at a later date, either as a chapter in this Manual, or as a separate manual. 24.1.1 Background New Yorkers pay a high price for congestion as a result of traffic tie-ups which reduce economic efficiency, increase the cost of products, exacerbate health risks from increased vehicle emissions and added mental and emotional stress, and expose travelers to greater accident risk. Strategies to reduce predicted levels of congestion and vehicular pollutants at a reasonable cost have been identified in the Scoping Procedure Manual as: 1. Reduce the proportion of single occupant vehicles in urbanized areas (with a population) of over 200 000 during the peak travel periods, 2. Increase ridership on traditional transit (line haul fixed route) and non-traditional transit (demand responsive and paratransit), 3. Incorporate Transportation Systems Management (TSM) and Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) strategies to improve the operational efficiency of the existing transportation network with special emphasis on moving people and goods, and 4. Incorporate Travel Demand Management (TDM) strategies in the design of all new and expanded arterials. These strategies are described in detail in Mobility in New York State, Issues and Opportunities, which outlines a strategy for combating congestion in New York's most populated areas. The Regional Planning and Program Management Group, along with other functional units in the Region, should work through the development of the project to assure, among other things, that it is in conformance with applicable policies, procedures and guidelines, that it meets the project objectives, and that it is a socially, economically and environmentally compatible solution. A genuine consensus should be established among the Region's functional units about the nature of the proposed project and what it is supposed to accomplish and include before it is turned over to the designer. For a detailed description of the project scoping process, refer to the NYSDOT Scoping Procedure Manual. 5/4/98 §24.1 24-2 MOBILITY MEASURES 24.1.2 HOV Lanes The HOV lane concept is applicable only to corridors
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